118 E.g., Judg. 6:12-24.
118E.g., Judg. 6:12-24.
119TB Sanhedrin 38b; cf. also Hagigah 15a; ‘Abodah Zarah 3b.
1203 Enoch 12:5 (“the lesser Yahweh”).
121Apocalypse of Abraham 10.
122llQMeJch.
1234Q ŠirŠabb (cf. J. Strugnell, “The angelic liturgy at Qumrân: 4Q Serek Šîrôt Ôlat Haššabbāt,” SVT 7 [1960], 318-45). Three other manuscripts of this liturgy have been identified from Qumran Cave 4 and one from Masada.
124See Introduction, p. 26 with n. 108. J. B. McClellan, “Colossians 11.18,” pp. 385-98, argues that τѽν ἀ γγέλων is neither objective genitive after θϱησϰεία (“worship offered to angels”) nor subjective genitive (“worship offered by angels”); it indicates rather that the worship proceeds from (or is dictated by) angels: “ceremonial religion [or ordinances] of the angels.” θϱησϰεία usually refers to religious practice (cf. Jas. 1:27 for the θϱησϰεία of Christianity). K. L. Schmidt, TDNT 3, p. 157 (s.v. θϱησϰεία), compares Eusebius, HE 6.41.2, where pagan persecutors behave as if the maltreatment of Christians were the θϱησϰεία τѽν δαιμονίων, “the worship of their divinities.” See also A. L. Williams, “The Cult of the Angels at Colossae,” JTS 10 (1909), 413-38.