Commentary on Harmony of the Law Volume 1 Complete John Calvin
JOHN CALVIN
5. And if ye offer a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, ye shall offer it at your own will.
5. Et quando sacrificaveritis sacrificium prosperitatum Jehovae, in acceptationem vestri sacrificabitis illud.
6. It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: and if ought remain until the third day, it shall be burnt in the fire.
6. Die quo sacrificaveritis comedetur, et postridie: quod autem superfuerit usque ad diem tertium, igni comburetur.
7. And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is abominable; it shall not be accepted.
7. Quod si comedendo comedatur die tertio, profanum erit, neque placebit.
8. Therefore every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the hallowed thing of the LORD: and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
8. Et qui comederit illud, poenam iniquitatis suae portabit: quia sanctitatem Jehovae polluit: et excidetur anima ipsa e populis suis.
Leviticus 7:11. And this is the law of the sacrifice. I have elsewhere 624 stated my reasons for calling this kind of sacrifice "the sacrifice of prosperities." That they were offered not only in token of gratitude, but when God's aid was implored, is plain both from this and other passages; yet in all cases the Jews thus testified that they acknowledged God as the author of all good things, whether they returned thanks for some notable blessing, or sought by His aid to be delivered from dangers, or whether they professed in general their piety, or paid the vows which they had made simply and without condition; for the payment of a conditional vow was an act of thanksgiving. At any rate, since in all they honored God with His due service, they gave proof of their gratitude. Hence this name was justly given to these sacrifices, because in them they either besought good success of Him, or acknowledged that what they had already obtained was owing to His grace, or asked for relief in adversity, or congratulated themselves on their welfare and safety. Moses, however, distinguishes one kind, as it were, from the others:, i.e., the sacrifice of thanksgiving, whereby they professedly returned thanks for some notable deliverance, which was not; Vide, p. 105.
HARMONY OF THE LAW · VOLUME 1 always offered. 625 In this case he commands unleavened cakes fried in oil, wafers seasoned with oil, and fine flour fried to be offered, together with leavened bread; and also commands that the flesh of the sacrifice should be eaten on the day of the oblation, so that none should be left. In vows and free-will-offerings greater liberty is conceded, viz., that they might eat the residue on the next day, provided they kept nothing till the third day. In the passage which I have inserted from chapter 22, the words I have translated "unto your acceptance," might also be rendered "unto His good-will," (in beneplacitum,) for the gratuitous favor of God is called,רצוןratson. The meaning therefore is, if you would have your sacrifice accepted by God, take care that none of the flesh should remain to the following day. Others, however, understand it of man's good-will, as if it were said, "at your own will," or "as it shall please you." And I admit, indeed, that the word,רצון ratson, is sometimes used in this sense; but since in the same chapter 626 it can only be taken for God's favor or acceptance, I have preferred avoiding a variation; yet I make no objection if any one likes the other reading better. But if my readers weigh well the antithesis, when it is presently added, that if the flesh should remain beyond the proper time 627 the sacrifice would not be pleasing to God, they will agree with me. There is, indeed, an apparent discrepancy here, since in this way Moses would command the voluntary sacrifice to be eaten on the same day, which, however, he does not do. If we prefer understanding it of the liberal feelings of men, he will exhort the people cheerfully to offer their victims in thanksgiving. I have, however, shewn the meaning which I approve of, and thus it will be easy to reconcile these things, for God's goodwill does not require this similarity, 628 nor is it necessary to observe the same mode of offering that they may be grateful; but they are said to offer "unto their acceptance," when they intermix no corruption, but offer purely and duly. If the cause of this distinction is asked, it is no clearer to me than is the variety between the bread and wafers or cakes. It is certain, indeed, that God had a reason for dealing more strictly
These words are omitted in Fr.
Viz., at ver. 19, vide infra, p. 380. In both cases it will be seen that A.V. is "at your own will," whilst Ainsworth renders both "for your favorable acceptation."
That is, at Leviticus 22:20
The Fr. throws some light on this rather obscure passage: "D'autant qu'il ne s'ensuit pas, que quarid ils offriront au bon plaisir de Dieu, il doyvent garder une facon pareille, et egale;" since it does not follow that when they shall offer at God's good pleasure, they must observe a precisely similar method.