Part 130
765 Artaxerxes (Greek Esther) 643-4, 645-9 Artaxerxes I 309-10, 315-16, 318 Artaxerxes II Arsakes 310 Artaxerxes III Ochus 633 Artemas 1233 Arundel MS 404 1319 Asa (king of Israel) 691 Asa (king of Judah) 243-4,290-3 Asahel 216 Asaph 271, 276, 280-1, 358, 359 ascension 958, 959,1031 asceticism
729,746-7 Arad 125 Aram
David 220-1 enemy of Israel 582,583,587 Israel (kingdom) 247, 251-3, 255, 256-7 Judah 256, 293 Solomon 240 Syro-Ephraimite War 259 Aram Beth-rehob 277 Aram-naharaim 54, 56, 277 Aramaic
Colossians 1193,1196 i Corinthians 1118 Pastoral Epistles 1231-2 Aseneth 806, 826-7 Ashdod 203, 323
Apocrypha written in 621 early Christian church 837 Ezra (book) 313 New Testament 833 Old Testament 7 Tobit (book) 626, 627 translation of biblical texts into 795 used in Bible 463 Aramaisms
see also Azotus Asher (country) 237 Asher (son of Jacob) 57, 272 Asher (tribe) 65,171, 272, 282 Asherah
see also individual books Acts of the Apostles 1307,1323-9 apocalypses 1324,1329-30 Esther (book) 325 Gnosticism 1318,1324 introduction to 617-26 Isaiah (book) 434 letters 1328-9 New Testament 1307,1315-29 Protestant 5 relationship to biblical texts 625-6 use of term 617-18 Apocryphon (or Letter) of James 1329 apodictic law 29,137 Apollo 1296 Apollonius 714, 716, 727, 739, 745, 791-2 Apollos 1051-2, mi, 1233 Apollyon 1295 apologetics
cultic sites 148 Hosea 578 idol in temple 541 worship in Israel (kingdom) 245, 257 worship of in Judah (kingdom) 243,262,263 Ashkelon 186 Ashtaroth Carnaim 719 Ashurbanipal 305 Askalon 727, 728 Asmodeus 627, 629, 630 asses see donkeys Assurbanipal 136 Assyria 550
Elihu answers Job 347 psalms 397 Arameans
Abraham 54 David 220-1, 277-8 genealogy of 47 Israel (people) 56, 57-8 Jacob 57-8 'perishing Aramean' confession 151 Ararat 47, 628 Araunah (Oman) 230, 278 Arbatta 718 Arbela 723 archaeology
Ezekiel (book) 554 fall to Babylonian empire 632 God's instrument of punishment 450, 476,
Acts as 1030 Josephus 795 Apologists, Wisdom of Solomon 651 apostasy
602 Israel (kingdom) 255, 257, 258, 259-60, 271,
447, 463 Jews in exile in Tobit (book) 628 Judah (kingdom) 136, 260-1, 262-3,
breach of the covenant 148 incitement to 146 Israel described by Stephen 1037 proverbs 407 2 Thessalonians 1216-17 warnings 153,1237,1245,1253,1286 apostles
Jericho 159,163 origin of Israel 68 Archedonassar see Esar-haddon Archelaus 622 Archippus 1192,1198,1234 Areius II (king of Sparta) 729 Areopagus 1050 aretalogy 682-3 Aretas, king of Arabia 1040,1070-1,1072 Ariarathes V (king of Cappadocia) 732 Aristarchus 1198,1235
304-5 Judea 632, 634, 635, 636-41 kings as good shepherds 595, 601 Nineveh 593, 594 overthrow by Medes 450 political alliances 146,152, 532 prophecy against 600 Shalmaneser V 571
see also disciples; individual names apocryphal texts 1325,1326 appointment of seven deacons 1036 ascetics 1327
Balak 126-8,185,1291 ban 159,164-5, 24725°' 3*8 banquets
Assyria (cont.)
Baale-judah 218 Baalperazim 218 Baanah 217 Baasha (king of Israel) 244,292 Babatha 685 Babylon
siege of Jerusalem 289, 303-4 siege of Samaria 571 Syro-Ephraimite War 259, 301 term for general world powers 598 Tiglath-pileser III 571, 574, 577 warriors compared to women 601 Astarte 273 astral cults 139-40,496, 605 Astyarges (king of Media) 709 Aswan 474 Aten 394 Athaliah (queen of Judah) 234, 253, 255-6, 297 Athanasian Creed 1322 Athanasius 392, 651,1308,1314 Athens 744,1050,1206 atonement
see also messianic banquet Isaiah (book) 455 Luke's gospel 945, 946 Sirach 687-8 baptism
see also Babylonian exile as agent of YHWH 506 Baruch (book) 699-701 Bel and the Dragon 710 deities 472 destruction of 508, 524 Egypt 487 enemies of YHWH 402 Ezekiel (book) 534, 552 Ezra in 315-16 fall of Assyrian empire to 632 fate 525 fate of Gomorrah 450 foe from the north 504 as great enemy 449 Isaiah (book) 433 Jeremiah's Oracles Against the Nations 524 Judah (kingdom) 264-5, 3°4~5' 591
ist-2nd century 1309 apocryphal texts 1326 auto-baptism 1309,1324 on behalf of the dead 1131 Colossians 1193 Day of Pentecost 1032 dying with Christ 1105 Ethiopian eunuch 1039 Gentile believers 1042 gift of the Spirit 1038 idealistic origin 834 Jesus 888,931 John's disciples at Ephesus 1052 Matthew's Gospel 851 into Moses 1124 Paul 1071 significance of 1055,1160 water 976,1280 Wisdom of Solomon 657 baptismal-eucharistic 1310,1313 Bar Kochba revolt 776 Bar-Kochva, B. 723-4, 746 Barabbas 919, 957, 992 Barachel 347 Barak 180-1, 206, 390 Barnabas 1231
4 Maccabees 791-2 meaning 96 Paul's theology 1079 for pride 566 sacrifices for 121 Sirach 672, 673, 680 Atonement, Day of 95,102,106, 807 Attalids 727 Attharathes 769 Augustine 333, 619, 651, 662,1325 Augustus 786, 791 Aune, David E. 1075 authority
King List 45 Manasseh 304-5 Marduk-apla-iddina 262 Nabonidus 564, 565, 566 Nebuchadnezzar 563, 564 Nehemiah in 318 Revelation 1298,1300-2 Rome as 1263,1270 Syria-Palestine 522 temple destruction 387, 541 Tower of Babel 48 Babylonian exile 264-5, 374
Christianity 1034 divine 426 human versus religious 442-3 Jesus 890, 891, 894, 910, 952-3 Peter 1031,1035 post-exilic society in Judah 312 priests 148 wisdom 676 avenger of blood 134,172 Awim 138 Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah) 303 Azariah (companion of Daniel) 564, 706-7 Azariah (leader of Maccabean revolt) 718, 719 Azariah (prophet in 2 Chronicles) 291-2 Azariah (Raphael in Tobit) 630-1 Azariah (son of Zadok) 236 Azariah (Uzziah) (king of Judah) 258, 269 Azazel 101-2 Azekah (city) 516 Azotus (Ashdod) 719, 727 Azotus, Mount 724
cousin of Mark 1198 meeting with Jerusalem leaders 1157 Paul and 1044,1048,1071,1156 persecution by Jews 1230 sent to Antioch 1042 use of wealth in early church 1034 Barnabas see Epistle of Barnabas Bartimaeus 908 Baruch 515
Additions to Daniel 704 Amos (book) 586 Apocrypha 625 burial of Sarah in Canaan 54 1 Chronicles 272-3 2 Chronicles 307-8 devastation of 445 divine assurance of return 516 i Esdras 756-7 Esther (Greek) 644-5, 646, 647 exilic life 487 Ezekiel (book) 534, 542-3, 545 4 Ezra 778,779,786 Genesis 40 given hope 509 Haggai (book) 608-9 Hosea (book) 576 instruction for survival 526 Jeremiah (book) 498, 501 Jeremiah's letters 511-12, 703 miraculous fire 736 monarchy during 269,270 proverbs used 546-7 psalms 395 as punishment for disobedience 108 restoration 449, 473, 513, 753~4, 756-62 result of wrongdoing 444 sin and 41 story of yokes 511 Susanna 708-9 symbolized by Ephraim 513 theodicy 10 Babylonian Talmud 529, 797, 800, 818, 827-8 Babylonian Theodicy 343 Bacchides (i Maccabees) 721-2, 723-5 Bacchides (2 Maccabees) 743, 749, 750 Baean 718 Bagoas 633, 639-40 Balaam 126-8,131-2, 335,1286,1287,1291
exile in Egypt 521 Jeremiah (book) 488, 509, 517, 518-22 Baruch (book) 625, 699-704, 777 BarzillaiofGilead 225,226,235 Bashan 553 Basilides 1318 Bathsheba 221-2, 235, 270 Battle Hymn of the Republic 482 Baur, F. C. 1085 beasts, Revelation 1297-8,1302-3 Beatitudes 852-7, 935,1016-18 Becher (son of Benjamin) 272 Bedouin 282, 300 Beelzebul 861, 894, 943-4,1020-2 Beeroth 217 Beersheba 53, 63, 204 Behemoth 332, 351, 353, 782 Bel 524 Bel and the Dragon 626, 705, 706, 709-10 Bel-marduk 710 Bela (son of Benjamin) 272 Belial 600, 822 belief
Baal 129,179,182
competition between the gods on Mount
Carmel 245-6 cosmic mountain 344, 787-8 Ezekiel (book) 538, 553 foppish priests of 605 Hosea 571, 573-7 hymn 376 Israel (kingdom) 242, 245, 248 Judah (kingdom) 256, 262, 263 name of realm of Mot (death) 577 name of YHWH 573 Philistines 203 prophets 508 rider on the clouds 386,787 Samaria 254-5 Ugaritic title 162 ba'al (master) 437 Baal Shamem 741 Baal-meon 552 Baal-peor 576 Baalah 275 Ba'alat 397
in God 1092 in Jesus Christ 1067 resurrection of Christ 1130-2 believers
as children of God 1277 free from the law of sin 1097 law of the Spirit 1097-9 power not to sin 1095 Belshazzar 564, 566, 701
i35i
Book of the Law 136, 263, 305-6, 769 Book of Mysteries 802, 820 Book of Origins 13-15 Book of the Watchers 566, 794,1285-6 Book ofZerubabbel 799 Books of the Annals of the Kings of Israel/
gospels as 847-8,1001-2 post-Biblical Jewish literature 805-7 birds
Belteshazzar 565 Ben Sira (book) see Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach Ben Sira (person) see Jesus ben Sira Ben-hadad (king of Aram) (son of Hazael) 257,
burnt offerings 96,98 clean and unclean 100 of prey 472 quail 119 birth 185,400,468 Bishlam 757 bishops 1224 Black Sea 1200 blacksmiths 612 blasphemy
292 Benaiah 220, 227, 229, 235-6 benediction
Judah 233 Booths, Feast of see Feast of Booths boundaries
Aaronic 116-17 Hebrews (book) 1254 for Jerusalem and Judah 581 Romans (book) 1107 Benhadad (king of Aram) 247, 252 Benjamin (son of Jacob) 60, 62-3, 272, 514 Benjamin (tribe)
Judah's territories 169-70 law in Deuteronomy 149 bowls, seven in Revelation 1299 Box, G. H. 775 Bozrah 719 Branch Davidian Sect 471 bread
Jesus accused of 891, 919, 978, 980 Jude (book) 1285-6 Leviticus 106 Sirach 682 Blenkinsopp, J. 319 blessedness 375, 392 blessing
Absalom's rebellion 224 army 291 Blessing of Jacob 65-6 i Chronicles 269,272,278,282 David 274, 278 defeat in civil war 190 Ehud 179 hospitality to Levite 189 Jabesh-gilead 191 marriage with 190 province under Solomon 237 Saul 206 Sheba's rebellion 227 territory allocation 171 Berea, i Maccabees 723 Bergren, T A. 776-7 Bernard of Clairvaux 429 Bernice 1058-9 Beroea 1050,1206 Berossos 267 Berquist, J. 310 Beth-arbel 576 Beth-aven (Bethel) 574 Beth-horon 318-19, 716, 722 Beth-jeshimoth 552 Beth-maacah 223 Beth-rehob 221, 277 Beth-shan 214, 273, 719 Beth-shemesh 203 Beth-zatha 969-70 Beth-zechariah 720 Beth-zur 717, 718, 720, 725, 728, 745, 748 Bethany 879, 915, 981-2, 983 Bethbasi 725 Bethel 255,585
breaking of 1033,1053 disciples' need 901-2 feeding the five thousand 899 ofheaven 972-3 Last Supper 916, 955 Lord's Prayer 943 statute regarding 121 in temple 106 bribes, proverbs 415 bridegroom allegory 892 Brownlee,W. H. 648 Bruce, F. F. 1072-3 Bryennios MS 1308,1310, 1311,1314 Bull El (El) 576 burial
Aaronic benediction 116-17 Balaam and Israel 128 consequence of obedience 152 divine 385,409,412 Ephesians (book) 1167-8 link with humanitarian behaviour 147 for obedience 107-8 Sermon on the Mount 853,935 Song of the Three Jews 707-8 theme of psalm 401 trinitarian 1290 Blessing of Jacob 59-60,64-6 Blessing of Moses 64 blind and deaf imagery 469,473 blindness, healing of 902, 978-9 blood
Ecclesiastes 427 food offerings on graves 629-30, 687 importance 450 Jesus' 992-6 kindness to the dead 675 burning bush 71 burnt offerings 96 Buzi 537 Byblos 384
avenger of 134,172 Christ 879-80, 916, 973,1249 Levitical law 102 menstruation 94 ordination ritual 87 Passover 75 place in sacrificial cult 96 red heifer ritual 123-4 taboo 145 as witness to the Son 1280 boasting 1094,1123,1136,1143,1144,1146 boats, symbols of the church 1326 Boaz 192,193-5 body
Cabirus 1200,1207 Caesar 787, 911, 953,1057-8,1322 Caesarea 1041-2,1054,1056-9 Caesarea Philippi 865, 902 Caiaphas 982, 993-4 Cain 44-5
i John 1277-8 Jude 1286 Targum Pseudo-Jonathan 810-11 Wisdom of Solomon 661 Cairo Geniza 667, 668, 697 Caleb 170,178,179
Abraham 49 Baasha 244 Beth-aven 574 Jacob 56-7, 63-4 Jeroboam I of Israel 242, 288, 628 Josiah 263 legitimacy as sacrificial site 278 sanctuary at final judgement 588 site of Ai 165 YHWH's destruction of 584 Bethlehem 189,193, 401, 929 Bethsaida 902 Bethuel (father of Rebekah) 55 Bethulia 633, 634, 636, 637-40 Betz, Hans Dieter 1077 Beyond the River 721 Bezalel 87, 90 biblion 1295-6 Bickerman, E. J. 642, 643 Bildad 335,337-8,342,344 Bildad Job (book) 331 Bilhah 57, 270, 818 Bill of Divorce 811 Binding see Aqedah biography
Christian identity 1117 as cosmos metaphor 1127-8 imagery 1140 Last Supper 879, 916, 955 physical suffering 1142,1149 resurrection 817,1130-2 as temple of the Holy Spirit 1114,1118 Boismard, M.-E. 1005 Boling, Robert G. 178 Book of the Acts of Solomon 233,236,
inheritance 169,172 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 695 spy mission 120 calendars
Book of Jubilees 794 i Enoch 801, 820 Passover 75-6 Seleucid empire 712 Sirach 694 calf, golden see golden calves Caligula 623, 652, 664, 773, 791,1217 Callisthenes 743 Calvin, John 333 Cambyses (king of Persia) 315, 757, 763 Cana 965
237, 241 Book of Common Prayer 480 Book of the Covenant 29, 30, 82-4,137 Book of the Heavenly Luminaries 794, 801 The Book of Instruction see Wisdom of Jesus
son of Sirach Bookofjashar 215 Book of Jubilees 624
see also Capernaum Canaan (land)
apocalyptic literature 798 i Enoch 794 jubilee cycles 107 origin of sin 569 Solomon's prayer for wisdom 658 sons of Noah 809 Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah 272
Abraham in 53 Amorites (original inhabitants) 583, 589 boundaries 133 burial of Sarah 54 covenant 51-2
Acts as 1029,1030
persecution 895,1038,1069-70,1148
Canaan (land) (cont.)
charis (grace) 1269-70 charisma, Paul 1145-6,1149 charity 672-3, 686, 689, 855-6 Charmis 637 Chaspo 747 Chebar 537 Cheleoudites 632 Chemosh 193, 249-50, 384, 523 Cherethites 220, 224, 227, 235, 552 cherubim 44
Revelation 1288,1290 phoenix in early literature 1314 Prayer of Manasseh 771 priesthood of all believers 482 psalms 357 Rome 1288,1322 Septuagint 618 Servant Songs 476 slaves 1197 strength of early church 1328 superiority over earthly rule 1321 symbolism and idolatry 466,470 syncretism 1325 true people of covenant 1312 unity 1104,1105,1173 universal salvation 471 virginity 445 water of life 1306 wisdom literature 800 Wisdom of Solomon 651-2,653 worship 1129-30 Christianity-Judaism 1311,1312,1313,1314,1315 Christmas 380, 391, 437 Christology
Genesis 40 and Israel (kingdom) 242 Israelite conquest of 133,138-9,176-7,
178-82 patriarchs 48 Canaan (son of Ham) 47, 809 Canaanites
Asherah 577, 578 Baal 571, 573-7 conquestof Jerusalem by David 217, 662-3 divine warrior 560 El (Bull El) (supreme god) 576 genealogy of 47 and Isaac 55-6 Israelite conquest 125,178-82 mixed marriage in post-exilic Jerusalem 317,
Ezekiel (book) 542 on mercy seat 117 in sanctuary 86 Solomon's temple 238,283,285 childbirth 94,100 children
in authority 441 cult of the departed child 664 discipline 687 folly 681 of God 962-3 household rules in Ephesians 1177 humility 905 impious 678-9 killing by Pharaoh 69-70 kingdom of God 950-1 Mark's Gospel 905, 907 Matthew's Gospel 867, 868, 869 Paul 1120 preference for male to female 681 of promise noo receiving of 907 sacrifice of 103,146,149, 548 Sirach 675, 678-9, 681, 687 social relations 675 Childs, B. S. 32,358 China 474 Christ see Jesus; Messiah Christ Group, redemption into 1265 Christ hymn 1106 Christian-Jewish Gospels 1315 Christianity
767 sexual relationships 102-3 Shechemites 59-60 woman in Matthew's gospel 804,864 cannibalism 475 canon 3-4
apocryphal Acts of the Apostles 1324-5,1328 biblical criticism 3 gospels 1316,1317 James (book) 1257 letters of Paul 1083 Old Testament 5-6 psalms 358 theology 1327 Cantemus Cuncti 404 Capernaum 890, 933,1018-20 Capharsalama 722 Carchemish 138,306,487,522 Carlson, R. A. 199 Carmel, Mount 245-6, 352 Carmonians 789 Carnaim 719, 747 Carneades 692 carpediem 424,427 Carpus 12 20 Carroll, R. P. 443 Casiphia 316, 766 Cassander 1200 Castor and Pollux 1208 casuistic law 29,30,82 catalepsy of nature 1319 Catalogue of the Sixty Books 1311 cattle, red heifer ritual 123-4 caution, Sirach 675, 679 celibacy
Christ as Son and High Priest 1244 Colossians 1191 Hebrews (book) 1238,1240 incarnation and suffering of the Son 1239 James (book) 1255,1259 Johannine 961, 963, 972, 991,1012-13 John's Gospel 1012-13 king of peace 613 Lamb 1293 Luke's Gospel 931 Mark's Gospel 887 Matthew's Gospel 846,1009 Messiahship of Jesus 1155 non-Jewish influences 1186 Philippians 1180,1185 Psalms 1034,1045 Revelation 1290 Song of Solomon 429 2 Thessalonians 1218 Wisdom of Solomon 651-2 Chronicles ofjerahmeel 705, 706, 708 1 Chronicles 267-83 dating of P 18 relationship to 2 Esdras 625, 751-2, 753 relationship to Ezra and Nehemiah
see also church allegories rooted in politics 432 anthologies 795 apocalyptic literature 783, 798, 799 Apocrypha 618, 619,1327 authority of the emperor 1223 baptism 986 clergy in early church 1310 commentary 793 contrasted with Judaism 1155 Cretan 1231 divine revelation 514 early texts 1199 eschatology 783,1117 2 Esdras 775, 776, 777, 783 exhortations by Paul 1173 fasting customs 1309 Gentile converts 1188 Gentiles included in message of
(books) 309, 311 2 Chronicles 267-8, 283-308 dating of P 18 last kings of Judah 755-6 Passover under king Josiah 754-5 relationship to 2 Esdras 625, 751-2, 753 relationship to Ezra and Nehemiah
apocryphal texts 1326-7,1329 of Jeremiah 503 Matthew's Gospel 868-9 Paul 1118-19 Celts, Galatians 743 Cenchreae 1051 Cendebeus 732 census
(books) 309, 311 relationship to Prayer of Manasseh 625,
770-1 Chrysippus 688, 692 Chrysostom 1184,1204 church
David 229-30, 278, 282 Levites 114-15 Numbers in, 113-14,129-30 Romans in Judea 623, 928-9 Cephas see Peter cereal offering 96-7, 98 Chabris 637 Chaldeans 520
Gospel 1041-2,1046-7 growth and development 1074 household rules 1176-7 Isaiah 437 Jewish 1182,1231 laws 1087 liturgy 803 living the life 1268 Lord's supper 1126 4 Maccabees 790-1 martyrdom 714 model for conduct in Ephesians 1175 new humanity in Ephesians 1170 origins, Paul 1062
Antioch 1042 apostolic talent 1147 belongs to God 1115 birth of 862-7 body of Christ 1174 characteristics 836 common life 1034-5 Corinthian 836-7,1109,1115,1135-6,1150,
agents of God's justice 602 invasion of Jerusalem 515 Job 334 The Letter of Jeremiah 704 use of term 40,42,48,565 chaos, sea as symbol of 787, 857, 896, 938 Chapters of the Fathers 800, 817-18
1231 early developments 837-8,1314 Ephesians 1166,1169,1173 Galatia 1072
cosmic mountain 787-8 cosmic realm 612 cosmogony, Israelite 352 cosmology
groupings 837 growth 1033,1040 itinerant-settled shift 838 Jesus' instructions 867-8 Jesus' prayer for the future 992 Jewish origins 836, 839 leadership 1114-15 location of early churches 1314 Mark's Gospel 922 Matthew's Gospel 862-7 messages to churches in Revelation 1288,
codices, post-Biblical Jewish literature 795 Colenso, John 14-15 collection for the saints
commitment of Corinth 1143-5 Paul 1132,1134,1149-50 Paul's visit to Jerusalem 1071 Colossae 1191,1292 Colossians (book) 1073,1078,1165,1191-9 comforters of Job 341 commandments
anger of YHWH 155 apocalyptic literature 798 creation 42-3 Council of Trent 619, 751 countenance of God 116-17 covenant
see also Ten Commandments Mark's Gospel 911-12 new 1275 wisdom, Sirach 671 commentary
see also ark abandoned by monarchy 507 Abraham 40, 49, 50-2, 70,1159,1290 apostasy as breach of 148 Asa king of Judah 291-2 broken by Israel 88 circumcision as mark of 162 collapse through disloyalty 499 cosmic 455 David 200, 235, 259, 277 with death 654 endurance 515 ethical decrees of YHWH 392 Exodus 68 faithfulness 179 with Gibeon 166 golden calf 89-90 Isaiah 439 Jeremiah (book) 498-506 Judaism 1065-6 justice and righteousness 337 Lord's Supper 1127 membership of community 479,480 Moab 153 monarchy 206, 383 at Mount Horeb 140 Nehemiah 321-2 new 514-15, 986-7,1138,1247-8,1249-50 Noah 46-7 and oath 153 obedience to 499 Paul and the Corinthians 1138 Pentateuch 13 Prayer of Manasseh 771-2 Qumran community 822 renewal 395 restoration 439 at Shechem 174-5 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 694-5 Ten Commandments 80-2 transferred from Israel to Christians 777 virtues 376 YHWH and animal world 573 YHWH and Israel at Sinai 84 covenant, ark of the see ark Covenant, Book of the see Book of the Covenant covetousness 82,141,1096 creation 41,42-4
1291-2 obscurity 839 organization in Pastoral Epistles 1220-1,
1223-7 prayer 1034 role in Revelation 1295 rural setting 837 scattering 1038 symbolised by boats 1326 time span 837 urban setting 838 Cicero 664,1199 circumcision
critical i, 2 post-Biblical Jewish literature 793-4, 807-11 reasons for using i use of The Oxford Bible Commentary 4-5 community
benefits from prophecy 1129 ethic 1105 honour 1144,1150 instructions in Pastoral Epistles 1232 Community Rule see Rule of the Community compensation 83,106, 859 complementary opposites, Sirach 668, 669,
Abraham's covenant 52 Christianity 1047,1054-5 conversion of Achior 633, 634, 640 Ephesians 1170 Galatians 1156,1157,1163,1164-5 for Gentile proselytes 1069,1072 Jesus' teaching 975 Jewish identity 1119 Luke's Gospel 928 Maccabean revolt 713, 715, 741 march on Jericho 162-3 participation in covenant 1086-7 Philippians 1188 as spiritual commitment 493 ofTimothy 1048 Zipporah 72 cities
676,688,693 comprehension, human 424,426,427 confession
Ezra and the mixed marriages 321, 767-8 and forgiveness of sins 1278 Jeremiah (book) 498, 501 Mark's Gospel 902 Matthew's Gospel 859,881 Prayer of Manasseh 770 proverbs 421 Psalms (book) 366, 375 ofsinbyZion 599 triadic structure 1173 true and false 1278-9 Coniah 507 conquest model of history of Israel 176-7 consecration
conquered by Israel 168 destruction of 455 levitical 172-3 refuge 133-4, I4°' T49> I72 civil authority, Romans (book) 1104 civil disobedience, by apostles 1035 civil law 103,150 i Clement 619, 633, 651, 652 Clement (of Alexandria) 659,1308,1311,1314 Clement (of Rome) 1182 Cleopatra I 727 Cleopatra II 774 clergy, in early Christian Church 1310 Clines, David 13, 32 Code of Hammurabi 8, 29-30, 82,106,108,
firstborn 75, 76 Levites 108-9, ir7 nazirites 116 of tabernacle 117 consolation
Paul 1142 speech of before Jesus' departure 989 Consolation, Little Book of 512 consolation-affliction antithesis 1136 conversion
apocryphal texts 1324 attained through prophecy 1129 Colossians 1193 Cornelius 1041-2 to Judaism 634, 640 non-believers 1119,1142 Philippian jailor 1049 Saul (Paul) on road to Damascus 1039-40,
147,150 Codex Alexandrinus 626, 633, 773,1313-14 Codex Ambrosianus 776 Codex Ardmachanus 1328 Codex B as iliano-Vatican us 633 Codex Bezae 1307,1308 Codex Cavensis 1328 Codex Claromontanus 1311 Codex Corbeiensis 1312 Codex Fuldensis 1328 Codex Hierosolymitanus 1312 Codex Sangermanensis 784 Codex Sinaiticus 1311,1312
being saved through Christ 1098,1099 chaos 787 Christ's role 1237-8,1239 death 784-5 described by YHWH 351 the Flood 47 function of Word in 962 goodness of 692 imperfection of 782 Isaiah (book) 449 J source 26 Jeremiah's vision of destruction 493 Mesopotamian myth 337 new 1165 number and measure 662 out of nothing 742 Philo 807-8
1055-6,1058,1155 Coote, Robert 177 Coptic Church 3,1310,1314,1322 Corinth 836
church 836-7,1109,1135-6,1150,1200,1231 Paul 1050-1,1077,1213 1 Corinthians 1073,1108-33 authorship 1108 2 Corinthians 1073,1134-51 authenticity 1134,1141-2 collection forthe Saints 1134,1143-5,1149-50 Cornelius 1041 cornfields 892, 934
Baruch (book) 699, 700 Judith (book) 633 as source of Shepherd of Hermas 1314 Tobit (book) 626, 629 Codex Vaticanus 626-7,633 Codex Venetus 626-7,773
1354 instrument of YHWH 471,472 restoration of temple 754, 762-3 Zoroastrianism 472
last words 229 love of God for 243 Messiah's descent from 787 mighty warrior 184 Nob 210-11 Philistine 213-14 plague 229-30 psalms 227, 357, 358, 359, 373, 377, 393, 403,
creation (cont.)
praise of 693-4 pre-existence of matter 662 Proverbs (book) 408 sea monster 782 source criticism 16-17 wisdom 679, 683 Wisdom of Solomon 651,662 Creator
Dagon 188, 203, 273, 727 Damascus
Ahab of Israel 247 Amos (book) 582-3 Aramean kingdom 451 conversion of Saul (Paul) 1039-40 David's conquest of 220 Elisha 252-3 Jeremiah 524 Paul 1065,1070,1155 Syro-Ephraimite War 259 Tiglath-pileser III 571 war between Antiochus VI and Demetrius
773 Ruth (book) 192 Samuel (books) 197 Saul 207-15, 370, 384 sin 381 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 695 Solomon 235 Song of Thanksgiving 228-9 sons of 269-70 succession narrative 198-9, 219, 220-7 temple 219, 237, 278-9, 282-3 David (son of Jesse) 360 Davidic line
bestows life 339 Prayer of Manasseh 771 questions by Elihu 350 'Creator of Light' 823 creeds
Christian 1130-1 Exodus 142 Hexateuch 12, 22-3 Crescens 1231 Crete 552,1059,1220,1231 criticism 1-3
II 728 Damascus Document 678, 797, 804, 812-13,
824-5 Dan (shrine) 242, 255, 288, 628 Dan (son of Jacob) 57 Dan (tribe) 65,172,188-9, 269, 272
see also source criticism Pentateuch 15-25 Crocus 1234 cross
see also Son of David i Chronicles 269 Ezekiel (book) 547-8, 558 Luke's Gospel 927 Matthew's Gospel 848, 849, 865 Messiah 448, 787, 912,1045 Day of Atonement 95,102,106, 807 day of judgement 605, 784, 785,1270-4,
Dandamaev, M. 310, 314-15, 318 Dan'el 335, 544-5 Daniel
climax of Jesus'ministry 957 message of the 1112,1128,1139 suffering and sacrifice 1094 cross-bearing
Bel and the Dragon 706, 709-10 Ezekiel (book) 544 lions den 566-7, 706, 710 Revelation 1297,1305 Susanna 709 Daniel (book) 415, 563-71
disciples 903, 939, 947 Simon of Cyrene 919 crucifixion
1330 Day, L. 643 Day of YHWH
attitudes towards 1112 John's Gospel 993, 995-6 Luke's Gospel 923, 957-8 Mark's Gospel 903, 919-20 Matthew's Gospel 884 Pastoral Epistles 1233 Ctesias 310 cult prostitutes 574,703-4,741 cults 93-5,460
see also Additions to Daniel apocalyptic literature 798,1287 den of lions 566-7 and 4 Ezra 786,788 great sea 787, 788 historical context 563-4 history of world as heavenly conflict 568-9 Jeremiah's prophecy 568 language of 563 law of the God of 567 predetermination 570 Dante Alighieri 397,1329 Darius (king of Persia) 310, 320, 342, 607,
Amos (book) 586, 588 apocalyptic 449-50 cultic origins 586 Haggai (book) 609 Isaiah (book) 440,441,445 Joel (book) 579, 580, 581 Malachi (book) 617 Micah (book) 598 Obadiah (book) 592 vengeance on disobedient 598 Zechariah (book) 614-15 Zephaniah (book) 605 deacons 1225 dead
astral 139-40 Eleusis 1218 imperial 1188 Israelite 93-5,144-6,263,460 Jerusalem 368 kingdom of Israel 260 psalms 404 ruler-cult 664 supplanted by new covenant 1250 Tammuz 541-2 Thessalonica 1200,1203,1207 cup
752-4, 758-60, 762-4 Darius III (king of Persia) 713 Darius the Mede 450,566,568 darkness
baptism on behalf of the 1131 kindness to the 675 mourning for 691 preaching to 1268 Sheol 450 Dead Sea scrolls
crucifixion 919-20, 957 opposed to light in Johannine dualism
1275 Dathema 718 Datis 738 daughters
see also names of individual scrolls; Qumran anthologies 795 apocalyptic literature 799 Apocrypha 620 authors of 624 Book of Jubilees 794 divorce 674 i Enoch 794 Esther (book) 325 Ezekiel scroll 536 Ezra 308 Hebrew Scriptures 7 Isaiah 434 Jeremiah (book) 489 Jerusalem 444 Jewish groups in Egypt 474 liturgy 803, 822 magic 802 Nahum pesher 600 physiognomy 802, 820-1 Prayer of Manasseh 771 prayers 802, 821-2 Psalm 151, 773
Last Supper 916, 955 sorrow, Matthew's gospel 871, 880 suffering, Mark's gospel 908 curds and honey 445 curses
confined to the home 685 metaphor for fallen city 472 shame 693 Zion 435,438,529 David (king)
Balak and Israel 126-8 consequences of disobedience 152-3 Deuteronomic 512 for disobedience 107-8 Jeremiah (book) 498-9, 506 proverbs 420 Cush (Benjaminite) 369 Cushan (Cushanrishathaim) 603 Cushites 290-1 Cyaxares (king) 632 Cynics 1120,1204 Cyprus 553 Cyrus (king of Persia) 433
and Absalom 223-6 administration ofkingdom 282 Amnon and Tamar 222-3 ark of the covenant 218-19, 274~73934O1 Bathsheba 221-2 Blessing of Jacob 65 capture of Jerusalem 217-18,396 census 278, 282 chosen by YHWH 610 Chronicles 267, 269-70, 273-83 covenant 200,391,478 Ecclesiastes 423 faith in YHWH 368 Goliath 208-9, 2I0' 22^ History of David's Rise 198,207-18
Bel and the Dragon 709 destruction of Jerusalem 759 edict 272, 307, 308, 311, 314-15, 753, 756~7-
763-4 friend of Israel 465,470-1
disaster, Isaiah (book) 438,440,441, 443,
Deuteronomic theory 159-60 Deuteronomistic History
rules 804 Samuel (books) 196 Sirach 668, 670 Song of Moses 155-6 Song of Solomon 430 Tobit (book) 621, 626, 627, 632 Wicked Priest 726 wisdom literature 800-1,818-19 deaf mute, healing 901 death
447-8 disciples
David's prayer 219 David's Song of Thanksgiving 228-9 Deuteronomy (book) 135,136,137,138,145 fall of Israel (kingdom) 260 Genesis 39 Hebrew scriptures 6 Isaiah 436 Jehoiachin 265 Jeremiah (book) 488 Jeroboam I 240-1 Jeroboam II 258 Judges (book) 177-8,179 Kings (books) 233-4 Samuel (books) 199-200, 204, 205, 216-17,
see also apostles Bartimaeus 908 call 1014-16
Luke's gospel 933, 934-5 Mark's gospel 889-90, 893, 903 Matthew's gospel 852, 857, 860, 869, 870 call to rich man 907 as children of God 962-3 Christ as model 1184-6 conflicts between John's and Jesus' 967 cost of disci pleship 903,946-7 Elisha 251 failure 1007-8,1025 first encounter with Jesus 964-5 Holy Spirit 987-8, 990 Isaiah (book) 434 Jesus'prayer for 991-2 at Jesus'tomb 997 message from Jesus 921 mission 859-60, 898, 938-9, 941-2 names 893, 934 persecution 950, 954 Philippians 1183-6,1187-9 resurrection appearance 958-9, 997-8 sanctified 992 self-sacrifice 906 seventy 939, 941 teaching in Luke 1012 trial 955 trust and obedience 940 washing feet of 985-6 words and deeds 858-9 discrimination 1041-2,1047 disease 100-1 dishonest steward parable 948 disobedience
see also afterlife; burial; dead; life after death adultery 411 Amos (book) 585-6 bringing back to life 250, 981-2 Canaanite mythology 456 Colossians 1195 degeneration 428 divine mercy 679 Elijah 245, 248-9 God's power over 1132 as hunter 414 immortality 655-6 Jesus' 981-2, 983, 992-6 Job 341 Lazarus 981-2 liberation from fear of 1240 mourning 426,497 as natural end 692-3 premature 656-7 psalms 403 punishment after 656, 671, 679, 684-5 Revelation 1291 ritual purity 102, 123-4 sin 778-9,1094 sometimes a good thing 687,693 valley of darkness 374 Wisdom of Solomon 654-5 Deborah (grandmother of Tobit) 628 Deborah (prophetess) 64,177,180-1, 386, 39C
227 temple of Solomon 239 Deuteronomy (book) 135-58
D source 27-8 Daniel's prayer compared 568 dating of P 18 found by Josiah 263, 305-6 inclusion in Pentateuch 39 introductory overview 135-7 law of the king 811 origin of Pentateuch 37 slaves 689 source 18 Tetrateuch 13 devil
see also Beelzebul; Satan Cain 8 ii children of the 1277 covenant with 654 4 Ezra 780 Jesus'temptation 851,1240 use of term 655 diakonos 1225 diaspora 395
2 Corinthians 1150 curses resulting from 152 of Israel 1242-3 of Moses and Aaron 124-5 Old Testament theme 10 punishment of Exodus generation 138 Dives parable 949 divination
461 debt, remission of 147 Decalogue 29,139,140-1 Deissmann, Adolf 1075 deities, Greek and Roman 1121 Delilah 187 deliverance
attitude towards pagan world 1050 Baruch (book) 699-700, 701-2 Day of Pentecost 1032 Deutero-Isaiah 476 Egypt 452 Esther (book) 325-6, 330 Esther (Greek) 643, 647, 649 gospel addressed to 1045 Greek language 833 Jewish communities 1068-9 languages 795 The Letter of Jeremiah 703 Rome 1084 Second Temple period 623 Septuagint 618 Stephen 1036 Diatessaron 1321 diatribe 1091 Diblaim 572 Dibon 523 Didache 839, 852, 855, 1306,1308-11 didactic literature 626,627,652 Didascalia Apostotorum (Teaching of the
from Egypt 393 from enemies 383 of faithful servant 477 judgement 443 from oppression 461 psalms 356, 367-8, 371, 396 thankfulness for 375 through obedience to God 446 Demas 1198,1231,1235 Demetrius (character in 3 John) 1283 Demetrius I (king of Syria) 716, 721, 723, 725,
Ezekiel (book) 549 law in Deuteronomy 149 Romans 1044 story of Balaam 126-8 divine authority 426 divine blessing 409,412 divine consolation 1142 divine justice 414 divine plan 351-3 divine retribution, Wisdom of Solomon 661-2 divine titles, Isaiah (book) 439, 443,447 Divine Warrior 181, 690, 736, 787-8 divorce
726, 748 Demetrius II (king of Syria) 727-8, 729, 730,
731735 Demetrius (the silversmith) 1052-3 demons
adultery 682 Bill of Divorce 811 Jesus'teaching 854,868,906-7 law in Deuteronomy 150 Paul 1118-19 Second-Temple period 674 Sirach 684, 685 Docetism 1315,1319,1321,1326 Doctrina Apostolorum 1308,1309 Documentary Hypothesis 13-15,16,19
see also exorcism believers' relationships with 1124 medicine 802 Denzili 1191 Descensus ad Inferos 1322 destruction
Apostles) 770, 771, 772,1308 Dietrich, W. 200 dikaios 957 Dinah (daughter of Jacob) 57, 59-60, 635,
638-9 Dinah (wife of Job) 335 Diocles see Zabdiel Diodotus see Trypho Dionysius of Halicarnassus 1324 Dionysus 1207 Dioscuri 1208 Diotrephes 1283
awaiting oppressive nations 450 inevitability 440,447,455 metaphor in Jeremiah (book) 505 ritual 142 determinism 688, 819 Deutero-Isaiah 434,435,476 Deutero-Zechariah 611, 614
Abraham 50-1 Genesis 39,42 Leviticus 92 opposition to 19-20,30-7,92 worship of YHWH 45
i356
prayer for the sick 1261-2 Eleazar (brother of Judas Maccabeus) 720, 743 Eleazar (hero of David) 229,274 Eleazar (martyred scribe) 741, 790, 791 Eleazar (son of Aaron) 203, 218
Doeg 382 Doeg the Edomite 210-11 dogs, Ecclesiastes 427 Domitian 786-7,1288 donkeys 127 Dor 732 Dorcas see Tabitha Dositheus 643, 747 double talk 1260 Douglas, Mary 94 dove 851, 931 doxology
Syro-Ephraimite War 301 Edron 203 education
Hellenism 738, 739 Paul 1069 religious schools 805 of sons, Sirach 687 Egerton Papyrus 1307,1316 Eglon 177,179-80 Egypt
commissioning of Joshua 130 death of 175 oversight of tabernacle 115 priesthood as descended from 280 red heifer ritual 124 succession to high priesthood 125 Eleazar (son of Abinadab) 203, 218 'elect lady' 1281 election 26,142-3,144, 782-3
Abraham 49-50 alliance with Jonathan 726-7 Antiochus II 569 Antiochus IV 713, 739, 740 Assyrian invasion of Judah 261 Chaldean empire 487 destruction of army 76-7 Exodus from 75-6, 389,476, 513, 661-2 female metaphors 522 futility of seeking help from 459,460 history in Jeremiah (book) 522 idolatry, Wisdom of Solomon 664-5 Jacob's family 48 Jehoahaz 547 Jeremiah's Oracles Against the Nations 522-3 Jews in 264-5,735-6,773-5 Job (book) 332 Joseph 60-3 Judah as vassal of 264, 621, 773-5 Nebuchadrezzar 554 Necho's campaign 755 oppression of Israel 69-70,72 oracles in Ezekiel (book) 553, 555 overthrow linked to Exodus theme 476 plagues 73-5, 663, 664-6 political alliances 532 prediction of Israel's return to 576 as remote land 469 sexual relationships 102-3 Shishak's campaign against Judah 243, 289 Solomon 236 Syro-Ephraimite War 259 worship of YHWH 452 Egyptians
Amos (book) 585, 589 Jude 1287 1 Peter 1268 psalms 405 Revelation 1290 dragon, Revelation 1296-7 dreamers, psalms 399 dreams
God's chosen children noo-i of Johannine community 1276 Matthias 1031 Elephantine 674, 682 Eleusis 1218 Elhanan 208, 228, 278 Eli 188,197, 201-2, 203 Eliab 208 Eliakim see Jehoiakim Eliashib 317-18, 319 Elihu 331, 347-8, 349-51 Elijah 233, 245-9, 336
Daniel (book) 564-5 Isaiah (book) 458 2 Maccabees 749-50 Nebuchadnezzar's 566 Sirach on 689 drought 501, 608 drunkeness 427,457,501,688 dualism
Ahab 247 Ahaziah 248 Ascension 248-9, 387 coming of in Malachi (book) 617 Ezekiel (book) 535, 538 in the Gospels 963 and Jehoram 296 reappearance, Mark's gospel 904 Revelation 1295 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 695-6 transfiguration 866, 904, 940 Elimelech 192,193 Eliphaz 335-7, 343 Eliphelet 270 Elisha 233, 249-53
Instruction on the Two Spirits 801, 819 Johannine Epistles 1275-6,1277-8,1281 Johannine Gospel 977 Qumran 688 Duhm, B. 488 Dunn, James D.G. 1063
E see Elohist eagles 786-7 Easter, psalms 397 Ebal, Mount 165 Ebed-melech 519 Ebenezer 197, 202 Ecbatana 627, 629, 630, 632, 635, 743 Ecclesiastes 423-9
death of 257 Elijah 246-7 Ezekiel (book) 535, 538 Jehu's coup 253 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 696 support of Jehu 572 Elizabeth (mother of John the Baptist) 927-8 Elizaphan 276, 301 Elkanah 201 Elnathan 316 Eloah 331, 336, 342, 348 elohika ('your God') 589 Elohim
theodicy 10 Ecclesiastical Canons of the Apostles 1308 Ecclesisticus see Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach ecstatic experiences 1149 Eden 42,44,553,562,1218 Edna (Raguel's wife) 630, 631 Edom 335
Gospel 1315 local assemblies 150 mixed marriage in post-exilic Jerusalem 317,
767 Ehud 177,179-80 Eighteen Benedictions 803, 821 Eissfeldt, O. 197 Ekron, Jonathan 727 El
compared to Sodom and Gomorrah 524 David's conquest of 220 Esau 56,59,591 and Israel (kingdom) 257, 384, 396,402 Jeremiah's Oracles Against the Nations 523 Judah (kingdom) 253, 259, 269, 299 judgement on, Amos (book) 582,583 Lamentations 532 Maccabean revolt 716 oracles in Ezekiel (book) 552, 555, 557 psalms 388 punishment of 461,482 refusal to allow Israel to pass 125 Revelation 1298 and Solomon 240 Temon's name used for 592 E do mites
abode in Canaanite myth 345 addressed by Elihu 347 conquers Rahab 338 Daniel (book) 567 heavenly court 389 Jeroboam I of Israel 242 Job (book) 331 psalms 373 supreme Canaanite god 576 El Elyon 50 El Olam, Sirach 690 El Shaddai 51, 331 Elah (king of Israel) 244 Elam 524,555 Elath 259, 301 elders
Exodus 70, 71, 79 Pentateuchal study 13,17 recognized wisdom 345 substituted for YHWH 382 elohem
the Flood 46 translation in psalms 370 use of 42 Elohist (E) source 14, 20, 25, 27 Elymais 719 Elymas 1044 Elyon 565, 566 Emim 138 Emmaus 716-17, 958-9 Emoteles 729 Emzara (Noah's wife) 629 En-gedi 403 end of the world 781-2
admission to local assemblies 150 allies of Assyria in Judith 637 descent from Esau 55,56,60,523 destruction of Jerusalem 759-60 Israel's territorial claims 138 Judah 291, 296 mixed marriage in post-exilic Jerusalem 317,
addressed at Ephesus by Paul 1053-4 as church officials 1046 idolatrous 544 instructions in Pastoral Epistles 1226-7 Johannine Epistles 1281,1283 pastoral role 1269
see also eschatology Apocalypse ofThomas 1330 Daniel (book) 564, 570
Zechariah (book) 611 1 Esdras 308, 309, 751-69 dating 620, 753 Golah List 312 inclusion in Apocrypha 618, 619 relationship to Ezra 625 status in Jewish canon 620 2 Esdras 775-89 as apocalyptic literature 626 authorship of 621 date of composition 620 historical background 625 inclusion in Apocrypha 618,619 influence on patristic writings 619 4 Esdras see 4 Ezra Eshbaal 272 Eskenazi, T. 309 Essenes
Mark's gospel 913, 914 2 Thessalonians 1216-17 End or 213 endurance, Hebrews (book) 1250-3 enemies
Epic of Aqhat 544 EpicofGilgamesh 46,47,353,425,427 Epictetus 1221 Epicureanism
Philippians 1183 providence 664 Sirach 668 i Thessalonians 1208 Wisdom of Solomon 650,654-5 Epicurus 693 epignos (knowledge) 1272 epileptic child, miracle 905 Epimanes, Antiochus Epiphanes 387 Epiphanes see Antiochus IV epiphanies, 2 Maccabees 737, 738, 745, 749 Epirus 1233 episkopos (bishop) 839,1224-5,123I
Israelite culture 362-3 psalms 365 enemy from the north, Jeremiah 524 Engendi 211-12 enjoyment
Ecclesiastes 424,427,428 Sirach 677 Enkidu 353 Enoch
ascent to heaven 381, 387, 813-14 as example of faith in Hebrews (book) 1251 God's celestial palace in 814 righteous who die young 656-7 science 801 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 694, 696 walked with God 337 1 Enoch apocalyptic literature 780, 798, 814-15 calendars 801, 820 death 655 decree of the watchers 566 Fall of the Angels 808-9 God's celestial palace 814 hell 815 in Jude 1286 Last Judgement 784 motion of the sun in the heavens 819-20 origin of sin 569, 678 pattern of history 815 Rewritten Bible 794 science 801 Son of Man 814-15 wisdom literature 801,819-20 2 Enoch 798, 813-14 enthronement
Epistle ofAristeas 676, 677, 688 Epistle of Barnabas 619,1306,1308,1311-13 Epistle of Baruch see Baruch (book) Epistle of Enoch 677,678 Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians 1308, 1312 Epistle of Pseudo-Titus 1329 Epistle to Diognetus 1308 Epistle to the Romans 1315 Epistles of Ignatius 1308 epistolography 1199 Epistula Apostolorum 1329 Epitome of the Canons of the Holy
see also Dead Sea scrolls; Qumran emergence of 624 Maccabean revolt 715 pre-existent soul 660 retribution after death 671 Esther (book) 324-30
see also Esther (Greek) lawofMedes and Persians 567 relationship to i Esdras 753 relationship to Greek Esther 625 Esther (Greek) 325, 642-9
date of composition 620 relation to Esther (book) 325,625 status in Jewish canon 620 Esther (queen) 324-5, 327-30, 373-4, 415, 642,
Apostles 1309 epochs, Daniel (book) 568 equality, Jew and Gentile 1085-6 Er 269 Erastus 1109-10,1231 Erishkigal 342 Esar-haddon 136,146,152,313,628 Esau 55,523,591
643-9 Ethan (temple musician) 271, 280 ethics 178
Old Testament theme 10 Pastoral Epistles 1221 personal responsibility 570 of speech 1256,1258-9,1260 theology of E source 27 wisdom literature 800 Ethiopia 451, 469 Ethiopians 606,1039 Ethiopic church
genealogy 60 and Jacob 56,58-9 Malachi (book) 616 warning against apostasy in Hebrews
psalms 361, 392-3 of YHWH in Ezekiel (book) 560-1 Enuma Elish 42, 337, 706, 787 Epaphras 1179,1192,1193,1198,1235 Epaphroditus 1187,1189,1193,1234 Ephesians (book) 1165-79
(book) 1253 eschatology
apocalyptic literature 798,816 Colossians 1191,1195 Didache 1309,1311 Ephesians 1166 4 Ezra 780-4, 785, 786-9 5 Ezra 778 Gentile inclusion 1103 history as content for 613 James (book) 1255 Johannine Epistles 1276,1277,1282 John's Gospel 1013 Jude 1285,1287 judgement 1272 kingdom of God 904 Luke's Gospel 939-40, 941, 943, 945,
attitude to Pilate 1322 Old Testament canon 3 ethnic identity, Genesis 41 eucharist
authorship 1166 exhortation 1173-8 great prayer and meditation 1167-73 relationship to Colossians 1165 Ephesus 1165,1182,1231
see also Last Supper apocryphal and canonical texts 1326 early Christian practice 1310 Jesus' statement on 973 John's Gospel 988 Euergetes 667, 670 Euhemerus 664 eunuchs 479,1039 Euodia 1189 Euphrates 501, 526,1191,1299 Eupolemus 723, 736 Eusebius 736, 790 Eusebius of Caesarea 1308,1311 Eutychus 1053 evangelism
Demetrius the silversmith 1052-3 disciples of John 1052 history of Colossae 1191 message to church in Revelation 1291 Pauls ii80 Timothy 1222,1228 ephod 183,188,210,211,218,573 Ephoros of Kyme 268 Ephraim (country)
949-50,1031 4 Maccabees 791-2 Mark's Gospel 889, 903, 913, 914, 916-17,
name for Israel (kingdom) 513-14, 637 province under Solomon 237 Syro-Ephraimite War 258, 259, 300, 444,
1031 marriage 1120 Matthew's Gospel 853,859,877-8 Messiah 1067,1080-1 Micah (book) 597 realized 1087 resurrection 1130-2 Revelation 1294 Romans (book) 1095,1104,1105 scope of destruction 448,454 Son of Man 903 spiritual body 1140 1 Thessalonians 1209 2 Thessalonians 1213
445, 451 Ephraim (son of Joseph) 55, 63-4, 65, 272 Ephraim (tribe) 183, 384, 514, 562
aggressive 1267 Ephesians 1174 Luke's Gospel 924-5 Paul 1075,1106 Philip in Samaria 1038 Eve 43-4
i Chronicles 272 fall of Israel 273 Gideon 183 hopes of 613 Jephthah 185 return to Zion 513 territory allocation 170-1 Ephrathah, Bethlehem 401 Ephron 54,719
Cain and Abel 810-11 deception by the serpent 1147 origin of sin, Sirach 679, 684-5 Pastoral Epistles 1224 Susanna as 705, 708
i358
false worship
Eve (cont.)
parallels with early prophets 535 themes 536-7 Ezekiel (prophet)
by Israel (people) 451,484 goddess Asherah 451 Isaiah (book) 438,439,440,448 family
2 Thessalonians 1218 evil
conquered by Christ's suffering 1267-8 human inclination for 778, 779, 782-3,
Allegory of the Cedar 546 condemns false prophets 543-4 distrust of monarch 562 dumbness 539, 551 exile in Babylon 534 Israel's initial election 548 Jehoiachin 265 new Jerusalem 1304 physical translocation 541 rage 539 sentinel for Israel 539, 555 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 696 speaks for YHWH 538 status 535 symbolic actions 535 visions 538, 558, 567 wife's death 551 witnesses new temple 560 Ezekiel the Tragedian 805,826 Ezion-geber 287, 295 Ezra
801 Last Battle 787-8 origins of 678 Proverbs (book) 407 Revelation 1296 spirit of 800-1,818-19 evil heart 778,779,780,783 the evil one see devil Exagoge (Ezekiel the Tragedian) 805-6, 826 exaltation mi, 1238 exclusion
in Decalogue commandments 141 incitement to apostasy 146 law in Deuteronomy 149-50 Sirach 670 famine 540,1042-3,1072 fasting
association with unacceptable behaviour 480 Christianity 1309 Esther 327-8 fifth month 612 fourth month 613 Luke's Gospel 950 Mark's Gospel 892 Matthew's Gospel 858 psalms 394 tenth month 613 theme in apocryphal texts 1327 fate, predestined by God 1099 Father
from synagogues 978 kingdom of God 1117 excommunication, at Corinth 1116 exegesis
Exodus (book) 69 Hebrews (book) as 1237 Jude 1284-5 Leviticus 93 Old Testament 32 post-Biblical Jewish literature 793-4 prophecy 611 Exile see Babylonian exile existence
Ephesians 1172 Jesus 984, 991-2 revealed by the Word become flesh 963 Sirach 673, 681, 697 and the Son 967, 970 2 Thessalonians 1215 Wisdom of Solomon 655 fathers
authorship of Ezra and Nehemiah 309 confessional prayer 321 dating Ezra and Nehemiah (books) 310 2 Esdras 626, 775, 778-89 mixed marriage 316-18,321,766-9 reading the Torah 320-1 restoration of the law 788-9 return to Jerusalem 315-16,764-9 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 696 Ezra (book) 308-18
the flesh and the spirit 1098 limited nature of 1139 pagan idols 1121 Exodus (book) 67-91
household rules in Ephesians 1177 imagery of psalms 364-5 instruct sons 407 'Faults of Women' 685 Fayyum (fragmentary MS) 1316 fear of God
historicity 67-8 as literature 67 Philippians 1186 redaction criticism 33 relationship to i Enoch 794 sources 18, 68 theology 68-9 typology 1241 Wisdom of Solomon 661-2,663,664-6 Exodus (event)
apocalypse 751 and Chronicles 267 and to i Esdras 625, 751-4 4 Ezra (book) 775-6,778-89,798,799 historical background 625 origins of sin 678 5 Ezra (book) 775, 776-8 6 Ezra (book) 775, 776, 777, 789
Ecclesiastes 425,426-7 Sirach 671, 680, 684, 688 as true disposition for obedience 141 Feast of Booths (Tabernacles) 183, 286-7, 398-
736 Deuteronomy 148 hymn of praise 385 Jesus at 974-8, 989 Leviticus 106 2 Maccabees 736 Numbers 131 Zechariah (book) 614-15 Feast of Weeks 105,131,292 feedingthefivethousand 863,898-9,939,971-2 feeding the four thousand 864,901 Felix 1056,1057 fellowship
fairness 84,149,150-1 faith
Abraham 51 Amos (book) 589 Chronicles 267, 268 Daniel's prayer 568 Ezekiel (book) 542,548 Isaiah (book) 448,452,465,469,475 Passover 75-6 psalms 388, 397 Revelation 1299 exorcism
in Christianity 1080-1 definition in Hebrews (book) 1251 Ephesians 1166,1178,1179 faithfulness and 602 healing 891, 898, 900, 905 James (book) 1259 Jesus as object of 841 Jesus on 984 in Judaism 1067 nature of 1089-90 needs of poor 1259 no faith without works 1259 revelation of 1160 1 Thessalonians 1202-3,1206 2 Thessalonians 1218 victory over the world 1279-80 working through love 1163 faithfulness 408
Beelzebul controversy 1020-2 Luke's Gospel 933, 938, 943-4 Mark's Gospel 890, 893, 897, 905 Matthew's Gospel 857, 860, 866 at Philippi 1049 exordia, Hebrews (book) 1237-8 expiation
between Jewish and Gentile believers 1047 life in early church 1033 psalms 372 feminism
Esther (book) 325 female imagery for YHWH, Hosea(book) 577 Hosea (book) 572 post-critical biblical study 2-3 Ruth (book) 192 sexual violence in Nahum (book) 600, 601 Song of Solomon 431,433 Fensham, F. C. 315 fertility 462, 481 festal worship, Hosea (book) 576 Festival of Booths see Feast of Booths Festival of Dedication 980 festivals
atonement 96 history of sacrifice 93-4 for unresolved murder 149 expulsion, Roman Jews 1084,1085,1109 external appearances, judging by 1140 extra-canonical early Christian literature 1286,
exemplified by Jesus 1240-1 faith and 602 Israel called to 129 of kings 368 of the Lord 1218 proverbs 417 psalms 375, 382 to religion of Torah 366 Fall 43-4,779,782,784 false accusation 82 false believers 1156,1157 false messengers 444
1306-30 eye-shadow 809 Ezekiel (book) 533-62
authorship 534 dating of P 18-19 historical background 534 hope for the future 551-62 Oracles Against the Nations 551-5 Oracles of Destruction against Judah 537-51
see also Feast of Booths Book of the Covenant 84 calendar 130-1
Galatians (people) 722, 743 Galilee 574
Day of Atonement 102 Levitical listing 104-6 Mark's Gospel 915 Unleavened Bread 75,105 Festus 1057-8 fig tree 872,909-10,914,945 filial obligations, Mark's gospel 900 final judgement
mixed marriage in post-exilic
Jerusalem 316-18, 766-9 post-exilic Jews fear of 313, 314, 323 redeemed but subordinate 481 forgetfulness
Hasmonean rule 730 Jesus in 930-40, 996 Maccabean revolt 718, 723 war between Antiochus VI and Demetrius
Ecclesiastes 427 of God towards his people 474 forgiveness
II 728 Galling, K. 267, 312 Gallic 1051,1072 Gamaliel 1035,1069 gatekeepers 273, 280, 281, 303 Gath 203, 210, 213, 383 gathering of the nations, Isaiah (book) 481 Gaventa, Beverley 1107 Gaza 583, 728 Gazara 730, 732, 745 Geba 206 Gebalites 237 Gedaliah 264-5, 4^7519-20, 523, 534 Ge'ez 794 Gehazi 250, 251, 252 Gehenna 1322 Gelasian Decree 1325 gematria 1312-13 gender
Amos (book) 588 4 Ezra 781, 783 God's energy outpoured 579,580-1 Joel (book) 579, 580-1 nakedness metaphor 1140 vision of four beasts 567 finances
confession of sins 772,1275 Ephesians 1175 Paul's synagogue speech 1045 prayer for 375 proclaimed by Peter on Day of Pentecost 1032 psalm 390 of sins 377
converts at Corinth 1117 wisdom literature, Sirach 686-7 financial support, Paul 1074,1122-3,
Luke's Gospel 934, 936-7, 943, 957 Matthew's Gospel 845, 867-8 Paul 1080 Sirach 680, 686 under new covenant 1248 form criticism 2, 21-2 founding churches, Paul 1073,1107 four beasts, Daniel's vision of 567 four horsemen vision, Zechariah (book) 612 Fourth Philosophy 624 Fox, M.V. 642 Fragmentary Hypothesis 16 Fragments ofPapias 1308 fragrance, presence of God 1137 Francis, St. 479 frankincense and gold 481 free will
>> IL49 fire
II3^
eschatological 1245 fiery ordeal 1268,1269 future destruction by 1274 purification by 906 scriptural associations 1031-2,1238 tongue as 1260 vision of, Amos (book) 587 First Fruits, Festival of see Feast of Weeks first and last 905 firstborn
see also women hierarchy 1126 Judith 634-5, 638, 639 Song of Solomon 431,432 genealogy
consecration of 75, 76 Levitical laws 108-9 numbering of Israel 115 fish
Aaron and Moses 72-3 Abraham 48, 55 Cain 45 Chronicles 268,269,270,271-2 Genesis 39,40,47-8 Jesus 848-9, 931 Judith 637-8 Rebekah 54 Seth 45 table of the nations 47-8 Genesis 38-66
conflict with God's foreknowledge 782 Fall 784 omnipotence of God noi punishment of wicked 785 sin 678,1095 Sirach 669-70, 678 freedom, Christian liberty 1117-18 Friends of God 659 friendship
feeding the five thousand 899 Tobias and 627, 630 fishermen, disciples 889 The Five Scrolls 429 flesh
contrasted with Spirit 1163-4 weakness of the mortal body 1096 'flies of death' 428 Flood 17,45,46-7,478,809 flour, offerings 96, 98,105 flying scroll, Zechariah's vision 612 folktales
proverbs 415 Sirach 673, 675, 676-7, 681, 690-1 frustration, Ecclesiastes 423 Funk, R. 1205-6 future
i Chronicles 269 dating of 39-40,41-2 the fall 1094 Pentateuch 38-9 Philo 807-8 relationship to i Enoch 794 righteousness by faith 1090 Sirach 679 source 17 Genesis Apocryphon 675,794 Gentiles
Esther (book) as 326 mother and her seven sons 741-2 Sarah and Asmodeus 629 folly
see also apocalypse; eschatology 2 Corinthians 1140 Ecclesiastes 428 4 Ezra 780,781,782,786 foretold by apocalpse texts 1330
contrast with wisdom 680-1 Ecclesiastes 425,426,427 personification as woman 411 food 564
Gabael 631 Gabriel (angel) 563, 568, 631, 927 Gad (country) 237, 529 Gad (prophet) 210, 229-30, 278 Gad (son of Jacob) 57 Gad (tribe)
acceptance into Judaism 1068,1069,1106,
1156 Apostolic Council deliberations 1046-7 children of Abraham 1093 circumcision 1087 compelled to live like Jews 1157-8 equal membership 1062 evangelism 1103 Godfearers 1041 God's concern with 593 God's justification of 1159 Hasmoneans and 711 idolatry 1090 inclusion in message of Gospel 1041-2,
see also banquets Book of the Covenant 84 clean and unclean animals 99-100 corruption of the body 1118 kosher 484, 634, 639 laws 1085,1105 laws in Deuteronomy 146 Lord's Supper 1127 meal offerings 96, 98 purity 900 sacrificial 1108, mo, 1120-2,1125 fools, proverbs 414,419-20 Fool's Speech 1146-9 footwashing 936-7, 983, 985-6 foreign nations
Blessing of Jacob 65 i Chronicles 270, 282 and David 274 land settlement 132,161 Gaius 1282-3 Galatia
churches, relationship with Paul 1161 comparison with Colossae 1192 Paul's first missionary journey 1044 Galatians (book) 1052-165
1046-7 Jesus'contact with 1012 Jewish perspective in Ephesians 1174-5 and Jews eating together 1157 Judas Maccabeus 718-19 justification by faith 1080 new humanity in Ephesians 1170-1 offering of 1106 Paul 1073,1155,1224
see also Oracles Against the Nations judgement of, Isaiah 440,457 members of covenant community 479 priests and Levites 484 salvation of 481-2 foreigners
church characteristics 837 introduction and overview 1152-3 justification by faith 1080 letters from Paul 1153 Paul's visits to Jerusalem 1069,1072 position in chronology 1072,1073 style of content 1076
antagonism towards, Sirach 690
Goliath 208-9, 2I0' 22^, 273, 278, 403 Gomer 571-2 Gomorrah 50,52,438,450
Gentiles (cont.)
goats 97-8,101-2 God
Philippians 1179,1188 post-exilic Jews 762-3,766-9 propitiation of 791-2 as sinners 1158 i Thessalonians 1200 Titus 1156 Gerar 49, 53, 55-6 Gerasenes 897, 938 Gerizim, Mount 165-6,183, 285, 633, 696 Geron the Athenian 740 Gerranians 748 Gershom 271, 276 Gershonites 115, 279-80, 281 Gerstenberger, E. S. 102,103,104 Geshem the Arab 319 Geshur 215-16 Geshurites 213 Gethsemane 880, 917, 984, 993,1024-6 Gezer 239 gezerashewa 1242 giants
see also El Elyon; El Shaddai; YHWH accusations against 379,474 anger of 443,469,476, 509,1176 army of 579, 580-1 character of 68-9,337 children of 962-3,1277 countenance of 116-17 covenants of 50-2, 55, 376,1093,1159 creation 42-4, 373, 692, 693-4, 771' 77^~9-
Amos (book) 585 compared to false prophets 508 destruction of 1273 Revelation 1298 good, spirit of 800-1, 818-19 Good Samaritan parable 942 good shepherd 595 Goodspeed, Edgar 1082 Gordon, R. P. 207 Gorgias 716, 717, 742, 747 Goshen 63 gospel
1050 discipline of 336 faithfulness of 390, 599 the Father 655, 673, 681, 697, 963, 967, 970,
984, 991-2,1172,1215 fear of 141,425, 426-7, 671, 680, 684, 688 hiddenness of 154,155 holiness of 79-80,437 impartiality of 1041-2,1091 incomprehensibility of 424-5 inscrutability of 595 intervention of 711, 716 Israel 151, 241, 258, 380 jealousy of 141,142,143 judgement of 1261,1294-5 justice 52, no-ii, 349,414, 500, 617,
i Corinthians 1112 explained by Paul in pagan terms 1046 as good news 888 Paul's synagogue speech 1045-6 payment for preaching 1123 preached to Gentiles by Peter 1041-2 preaching to dead 1268 proclamation of God's good news 1154 transcends human language 1113 Gospel according to the Hebrews 1315 Gospel of the Egyptians 1315 Gospel of John see John (Gospel) Gospel of Luke see Luke (Gospel) Gospel of Mark see Mark (Gospel) Gospel of Matthew see Matthew (Gospel) Gospel ofNicodemus 1315, 1321 Gospel of Peter 1307,1315,1316,1321 Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 1315,1319 Gospel of Thomas 1307,1308,1315,1316 gospels
Baruch (book) 702 fall of the angels 808-9 fought by David 228 Rephaim 138-9 Gibea 272 Gibeah 189-90, 205, 206 Gibeon
689-90,778 kingdom of see Kingdom of God knowledge of 1131,1181-2,1275 love of 580, 662,1175,1279 mercy of 140, 595, 662, 672, 673, noo-i monarchy 197,198, 200, 203-6, 268 as mother 467 names of 13,17, 65,439,443, 447, 536,1290 omnipotence noi omnipresence 402 omniscience 693 patience of 597 power of 370, 388, 504, 525,1033,1132,1170 promises of 40,49-50, 616,1245 protection of 372, 379, 382,418,451 punishment 343, 755, 778 revelation of 71,1237 righteousness 1085,1089-90,1092,1099,
i Chronicles 272 David 276, 277 sacrificial site 278 Solomon 236, 239, 284 Gibeonites 166, 220, 227-8, 272 Gideon 177,182-4,390,447,603 Gihon 380, 386, 562 Gilboa, Mount 214, 215 Gilead
see also John; Luke; Mark; Matthew apocalyptic sense 835 authorship 1078 biography 1001-2 comparative pericopes 1014-26 comparison with Acts 1028-9 finger-printing technique 1005 inadequacies 832 Jesus' death and resurrection 842 Jewish background 834 as a literary genre 1001-2 Luke-John link 1006 Luke-Matthew agreements 1004,1005 Mark as earliest 886 Mark-Q relationship 1004,1021-2 Proto-Matthew 1004 purpose 833 'Q' source 1003-4 relationship to Isaiah (book) 437,465,479 in synopsis 1001-25 gossip
Jephthah 185 Laban and Jacob 58 Maccabean revolt 718-19, 746-7 Pekah's rebellion 571, 575, 577 Gilgal 585
aetiology of name 163 Hosea's rejection of 574, 576, 577 memorial stones 162 role relative to Shiloh 171 setting for psalm 385 Gilgamesh see Epic ofGilgamesh Gilgamesh, enjoyment 677 Girzites 213 Gittih 359 Gittite 359 glorification
1103 salvation of 372,475-6,1221 Saviour 1222 seed of 1277 sinners 1090,1124 the Son 967, 970,1237,1238,1239,1279,
1280 sovereignty of 1034 temple 484, 594 temptation 1258 throne of 1292-3,1304-5 time 688, 690,1261 transcendence of 371,1227 Trinity 1171 uniqueness of 139,141,145,155 warrior imagery 181, 537, 558, 613, 690, 736,
of Christ's followers 1239-40 Jesus 984, 985-99 of the Son 1239 glory
James (book) 1260 Sirach 679-80, 681-2, 686 grace
for believers 1113 earthly body 1132 future 589 God 1172 Pastoral Epistles 1229 suffering 1098 1 Thessalonians 1204 glory, king of 374 glossolalia 1032 gnos (knowledge) 1272 Gnosticism 1227,1306
dietary observances 1254 Ephesians 1166,1169-70,1174 to the humble 1260 1 Peter 1269-70 Philippians 1181 2 Thessalonians 1215 throne of 1243 Graeco-Roman greetings 1076 Graf, Karl Heinrich 14 Graf-Wellhausen theory 13-15 'The Grateful Dead' 631 Great Sanhedrin see Sanhedrin greed, proverbs 422 Greek
1302 wisdom 331, 408, 411, 669, 671, 683 Word of 961-2,1243 wrath of 114,140,143-4 Godfearers 1041 godliness 1221,1226 gods, sons of the 45-6 G°g 537-558-60 Golah List 308, 311-12, 316, 320 gold and frankincense 481 golden calves 88-9,144, 574, 575-6, 577 golden lamp vision, Zechariah (book) 612 Golden Rule 629, 800, 818, 856 Golgotha 995
apocryphal texts 1318,1324,1326 influence on Christianity 1325 library at Nag Hammadi 1329 Pastoral Epistles 1229 Philippians 1188 2 Thessalonians 1214
Apocrypha 621 creation of Septuagint 618
Helkath-hazzurim 216 hell
diaspora 833 Hellenism in Land of Israel 623 New Testament 830,833 Old Testament 8 Greek Apostolic Constitutions 1308 Greek Daniel see Additions to Daniel Greenberg, M. 534 greetings, Graeco-Roman 1076 Gregory the Great 333 Gregory of Nyasa 429 Griesbach hypothesis 1002-3,1021 guidance
Sirach 684 Har Beth-el 723 Haran 48, 49, 56, 57 Haran, M. 31 Harischandra 333 harlotry 1300-2 Harmagedon 1299 harpagmos 1184 Harrowing of Hell 1322 harvest
see also Hades; Sheol apocalyptic texts 1329-30 i Enoch 815 4 Ezra 783 Hellenism
Apocrypha 625 banquets 687-8 converts in Jerusalem church 1036 education 738, 739 Jewish Christians 1070 Jewish diaspora 1069 Judaism and 457, 623, 737,1155 Judith (book) 633 Luke's Gospel 1009-10 i Maccabees 713-14, 720, 721 misogyny 685 negative view of 670 NewTestament 833-4,836 opposition to 735 Seleucid rule of Judea 621-2 Sirach 669, 676 universal 267, 269 Wisdom of Solomon 651 Helper 989, 990, 992 Heman 271, 280-1, 358 Hengel, M. 670, 676 hrem see ban heresy
festivals 147-8 gathering the exiled 457 imagery in Revelation 1298 ownership 451 thanksgiving for 385 Wave Sheaf Day 105 Hasideans 715, 721, 748 Hasmoneans 622
of Israelites in wilderness 117-18 as theme in Numbers 112 guilt
Paul's theology 1079 problem of removal 614 guilt offering, Leviticus 97-8 Gunkel, H. 20-2,24,39,48,49,357 Gyges (king) 558
authorship of i Maccabees 711-12 Hellenism 623 Judith (book) 633 Maccabean revolt 625, 715-17, 724-5 priest-kings 636 rule of Jonathan 725-30 Simon 730-3 Hathach 328 Hattush 316 Hausa 1209 Hays, R. B. 1085,1091 Hazael (king of Aram) 246, 247, 251-3, 255,
H see Holiness Code Habakkuk (book) 601-4
righteousness by faith 1090 Habakkuk (prophet) 262
Bel and the Dragon 709, 710 complaint of 602 Hachratheus 645 Hadad (Edomite prince) 240 Hadad (storm god) 376 Hadadezer 220, 221 Hadas, M. 791 Hadassah see Esther Hades
256-7, 298-9 Hazor 167-8, 239, 524, 728 head coverings 1125-6 healing
apocryphal texts 1324,1325 early Christian 1282,1306-8 Judaism-Christianity 1315 Pastoral Epistles 1229 Hermogenes 1228,1231 Herod Agrippa I 623
see also hell; Sheol 4 Ezra 784 gates of 865 Jesus' descent to 1322 Revelation 1291 souls of the righteous 780 Wisdom of Solomon 654 Hadrian 806 haemorrhaging woman miracle 858, 897 Hagar 51, 53,185,1162 Haggai (book) 607-10 Haggai (prophet) 270, 376, 763 hagiography 805-7, 826-8 Hagrites 270-1 halakah 875-6 Halakic Letter 797,813 Hallel, psalms 397 Ham (son of Noah) 47,269,809 Haman the Agagite 327-30, 374, 643, 645-8 Hammurabi Code see Code of Hammurabi Hamor 59 Hamutal 548 Hanael (kinsman of Tobit) 628-9 Hanamel 515 Hanani (prophet) 292-3 Hanani (ruler of Jerusalem under
see also miracles of Jesus God's tears 497 by Jesus 890-2, 893, 897, 899, 900, 1033 health, Sirach 687, 691 heaven 1329
persecution of apostles 1043 as wicked ruler 1325 Herod Antipas
John the Baptist 898,939 Pilate 901, 923, 956,1322 Herod the Great (king of Judea)
see also kingdom of God bread of 972-3 Enoch 813-14 imagery of psalms 371 Philippians 1188-9 queen of 496 Revelation 1292-3 wisdom 657, 661, 683 heavenly conflict 568-9 hebel 424-7 Heber 180 Hebrew Bible (HB)
history 622 slaughter of infants 850 Herodians, Pharisees and 873, 893 Herodotus 704, 710,1314 heroes
birth 185 David 274, 278, 282 hagiography 805-7 of Israel's history 1251-3 Judges (book) 176,178,180-1,182 Samson 185 heterodoxy, Pastoral Epistles 1229 Hexateuch 12,13, 22, 39 Hezekiah (king of Judah) 301-4
anthropomorphic language 140 Apocrypha 618, 619-20 arrangement of books n Baruch 699, 700 Christian animosity 1087 Old Testament 5-7 Samuel (books) 196 Hebrew (language)
ideal Davidic king 444,445,463,464 Isaiah 233, 260-2 Micah (book) 595 Passover 306 reform of cult 301-3 Sennacharib 303-4 siege of Jerusalem 289,453, 596, 827 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 696 water tunnel 827 Hierapolis 1191,1198,1292 hierarchy of heads 1126 Higgaion 369 high priesthood
alphabet 356 Apocrypha written in 621 language of Canaan 452 Old Testament 7 Hebrews (book) 1236-54
Nehemiah) 320 Hananiah (companion to Daniel) 564 Hananiah (false prophet) 510, 511, 512 Hananiah (ruler of Jerusalem under
Nehemiah) 320 Hananiah (Song of the Three Jews) 706 hand-washing 863, 883, 899-900, 944 hands, laying on 1228 Hanina ben Dosa, Rabbi 1019 Hannah (Anna) (wife of Tobit) 627, 628 Hannah (wife of Elkanah) 155,185, 201, 202 Hanukkah 376, 620, 626,734 Hanun 220-1 happiness
relationship to Apocrypha 619 Hebrews (converts in Jerusalem church)
1036 Hebrews (people), use of term 50 Hebron 54
see also priesthood of Christ 1243-9 higher criticism see source criticism Hilkiah (father of Susanna) 708,709 Hilkiah (high priest) 701 Hillel 429, 674, 685, 797, 800, 811-12, 818
Absalom 224 Caleb's inheritance 169,170 David 212, 215-16, 269-70 Maccabean revolt 719 Hekataios 267 Heliodorus 737-8, 744
Matthew's Gospel 853
Hymenaeus 1223,1229 Hymn of Christ 1327 Hymn of the Soul (Pearl) 1327 hymns
treaty with Gibeonites 166 Homer 573, 668, 677,1060 homonyms, Hebrew poetry 355 homosexuality, Sodom 52-3 honesty
Hippolytus 1317 Hippolytus of Rome 619 Hiram of Tyre 218, 237, 239, 284, 287 historical creeds, Pentateuch 22 historical criticism 1-3 historiography
Christian 368 Christological 1193-4 cultic 357 Egyptian 394 Ephesians 1176 Essene 1193 Luther 400 Old Testament 9 Philippians 1184 post-Biblical Jewish literature 802-4,
Lamentations 533 proverbs 412 honour
Genesis 39 Judges (book) 178 i Maccabees 712 Samuel (books) 199 history 234
community 1144 Sirach 672, 676, 678, 680, 682, 687, 693 2 Thessalonians 1215 of YHWH in Ezekiel (book) 557 hope
see also Deuteronomistic History Acts as 1029 apocalytic literature 815,1324,1328 controlled by God 466 Daniel (book) 568-9 Exodus as 67-8 fall of Jericho 163 of Israel recounted by Paul 1045 Job (book) 333 Joshua (book) 159 psalms 395 relationship to Biblical text 465 sacrifice 93-4 History of David's Rise 198,207-18 Hittites 54,317,545 Hivites 59 Hobab ii8 holiness 437
Christ, Pastoral Epistles 1222 Ephesians 1169 for future restoration of Israel 153 Isaiah (book) 459 Israel's history 143 Jeremiah (book) 490, 509 Job 341-2 Lamentations 529, 531 Moses as symbol of 139 Philippians 1182 i Thessalonians 1202-3,12°6,1209 Zechariah (book) 613-15 hopelessness of human condition 424 Hophni 201 Horeb (Mount Sinai)
821-4 psalms 358, 361 wisdom 661 hypocrisy 874-5, 9°°' 944 Hyrcanus 622, 718, 737
Ichabod 203 Iconium 1046,1230 Iddo (prophet) 288,290 idleness, 2 Thessalonians 1218 idolatry
see also false worship Bel and the Dragon 706,710 Book of the Covenant 83 cause of rejection by God 483 and Christian symbolism 466, 470 i Corinthians 1123-5 description of conversion 1281 Ephesians 1176 of exiles in Egypt 521 Ezekiel (book) 540, 544, 549, 561 folly of 470,472 golden calves 88-9,144, 574, 575-6, 577 impotence 397 incitement to 146 Israel (kingdom) under Jeroboam 288 Israelites on journey to Moab 128-9 Jeremiah (book) 496, 498 Judah (kingdom) 290, 296, 298, 301 The Letter of Jeremiah 703-4 Maccabean revolt 719 Mekilta of Rabbi Ishmaet 808 Moses' warning against 139-40 Paul 1046,1050,1053,1124-5 Prayer of Manasseh 771 Revelation 1297,1306 Romans (book) 1090 sacrificial food 1120-2,1125 sins of Israel 184,503 sins of non-believers 1098 Ten Commandments 81 1 Thessalonians 1200 2 Thessalonians 1217 upper classes 480 Wisdom of Solomon 661,663-5 wives of Solomon 240 Idumea 622, 718, 719, 730, 745, 747 Ignatius of Antioch 790-1,1155,1220,1225,
see also Sinai Elijah's flight to 246 Israel's conquest of the land 138 revelation at 139,140-1 YHWH's wrath at 143-4 Horim 138 Horites 60 Hosea (book) 571-8 Hosea (prophet) 246
expressed in conduct 1265 of God 79-80 holy and profane 164-5 Levitical laws 103 non-believers in a marriage 1119 priestly leadership 113 Romans (book) 1105 1 Thessalonians 1206 Holiness Code (H) 92, 93,102-8,1207 Holladay, W. L. 488 Holofernes 633, 634, 635-7, 639-40 Holscher, G. 534 Holy One of Israel 337,434,437 Holy Spirit
children of marriage with Gomer 572 fall of Israel 258 God's watchman over Ephraim 576 Jehu 254 man of the spirit 576 marriage of 571-2, 573-4 Hoshea (king of Israel) 249, 258, 260, 550 hospitality, towards visiting believers 1282 house builders parable 857 house of God, metaphor for God's people 1269 household, codes 1176-7,1197,1221 household gods 58 hubris 1185 Huldah 180,263 human beings
baptism and the 1038 being filled with the 1176 blasphemy 861 body as temple 1114 coming
Caesarea 1042 Ephesus 1052 Pentecost 1031-2 Samaria 1038-9 conception of Jesus 927 contrast with 'flesh' 1163-4 disciples of John 1052 dove appearance 851, 931 fruit 1164 Galatian churches 1158-9 guidance 990,1048 Helper (parakletos) 987-8 John the Baptist 926 John's Gospel 1014 quenching 1211 source of Scripture 1241,1248 speaking in Revelation 1306 sword of the 1178 Thessalonian church 1203,1208 unity 1173 witness to the Son 1280 Holy War
see also men; women creation 42,43-4,679 imitation of God 450 inclination for evil 778, 779, 782-3, 801 mortality of 41,44, 46 humanity
Ephesians 1170-1,1175 of Jesus 1240 universal 269 humility
1234,1314 llegitimacy, Wisdom of Solomon 656
before God 1260-1 Ephesians 1173 Matthew's Gospel 867 Paul 1115 proverbs 412 Romans (book) 1104 Sirach 672, 674, 676 Hupfeld, Hermann 13-15 Hurvitz, A. 332 husbands
malkue the Arab 728 mmanuel 445,446 mmer 312 mmortality
Adam 779 Wisdom of Solomon 650, 651, 654, 655-6,
658, 664, 679 incarnation
in ancient Near East 163 2 Chronicles 291 Last Battle 787-8 Saul 204, 207 theology 159
apocryphal texts 1323,1326 of the Son 1239 incense 87, 99,122, 630
Paul 1118-19 to honour wives 1267 Hushai 224-5
i363
incest 53,102-3, IO4 India 1324 Infancy Gospel ofThomas 1315,1319 Inferno, Dante 1329 infiltration model of history of Israel 177 inheritance
Jacob (Israel) 55-66
Isis 682-3 Israel
birth of 50 Blessing of 59-60, 64-6 burial 66 change of name 59 i Chronicles 269 death of 63-6 Esau 55, 56, 58-9, 591 Ezekiel (book) 548 first ancestor 469,577 House of 584, 592 Joseph 61, 62-3 poems in Jeremiah (book) 512 promises of salvation for 590 psalms 388 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 694 sources of accounts of 39,48-9 traditions surrounding 577 unifying patriach of Israel 491 wisdom 661 Jaddua (high priest) 309 Jael 177,180-2, 634 Jahaziel 295 Jairus' daughter 897 Jambres 1230 James (book) 1255-63
Blessing of Jacob 64-6 circumcision of 162-3 civil war 189-91 conquest of Canaan 151,161-2,178-82 conquest of land east of Jordan 138-9 cosmogony 352 covenants 51-2, 88-90,166,179 Ephesians 1171 Exodus from Egypt 75-6 Ezekiel (book) 539, 546, 548, 553, 556, 562 genealogy of tribes 268-73 Gospels 889, 909, 925-6, 989, loio-n heroes of 1251-3 history
Caleb's 169,170,172 Jacob 55 of land given to Israel 169 Levites' 173 Zelophehad's daughters 130,134,170 injustice
Ecclesiastes 427 Jeremiah's sermons 496 innocence, psalms 366, 372, 375 Instruction ofAmen-em-het 379 Instruction of Amen-em-ope 418, 673, 675, 677,
Ezekiel (book) 548 J source 26 Judges (book) 176-7 Judith (book) 636-7 Noth, M. 23-4 Paul 1045 Psalms 361, 388-9, 395 Stephen 1036-7 Holiness Code 93,102-8,1207 idolatry 184 ignorance of Christ 1102 Jude (book) 1285 Micah (book) 597-9 monarchy creation 203-8 origins 68 rejection by God 777 Romans (book) 1099-105 sacrificial worship 93-4,144-5 wilderness wanderings in, 118-34,I28,
687,692 Instruction ofKagemni 687, 692 Instruction ofKheti, Son ofDuauf 691 Instruction of Onchsheshonqy 673 Instruction ofPhibis 673, 685, 692, 693 Instruction on the Two Spirits 800-1, 818-19 integrity
Ecclesiastes 426 of Job 344-5 proverbs 412 intercession
ethics of speech 1256,1258-9,1260 James (son of Alpheus) 1047,1054-5 James (son of Zebedee) 908,1043,1156 James of Jerusalem 1066,1157 Jamnia 636, 719, 746, 747 Jannes 1230 Japhet, S. 279, 280 Japheth (son of Noah) 47,269,809 Jason (envoy for Judas Maccabeus) 723,729,734 Jason (high priest) 674, 680, 713, 735-6,
by Moses 88-9 of Christ as high priest 1240 Joshua 164 Moses at Mount Horeb 143-4 for 'non-terminal' sin 1280 role of Christ 1247 Ira the Jairite 220,227 Irenaeus 652,1227,1306,1308 Isaac
1123-4 YHWH and 51-2, 79-80, 88-90, 142, 143,
738-40 Jason (of Cyrene) 621, 626, 734-5, 737 jealousy 420,541,675 Jebusites 217, 219, 230, 317 Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) (king of Judah) 701,756
Aqedah (Binding) 1252 birth of 50, 51, 52, 53,1162 children of 55, 56, 385 i Chronicles 269 in Gerar 55-6 Jacob 385 marriage to Rebekah 54-5 sacrifice of 51, 53-4, 285, 810 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 694 sources of accounts of 39,48-9 Isaiah (book) 433-85
403,576-7,584,1155 Israel (Jacob) see Jacob Israel (kingdom)
Amos (book) 582, 583, 584 Aram 251-3, 255, 256-7, 294, 582, 583,
see also Jehoiachin Jediael (son of Benjamin) 272 Jedidiah 400 Jeduthun 280-1, 359 Jehoahaz (king of Israel) 256-7 Jehoahaz (king of Judah) 264, 307, 547, 755-6 Jehoash (king of Israel) 257 Jehohanan son of Eliashib 317-18, 768 Jehoiachin (king of Judah) 264, 265, 305, 307
587 Assyria 259-60, 389, 627, 628 Chronicles 268 division of 241, 288 Ecclesiastes 423 fall of 249, 259-60, 270, 288, 447 Isaiah 437, 447 Jehu dynasty 254-8 Jeroboam II 582 monarchy 232-3 Omri dynasty 244-8,249,252-4 paganism 260 provinces under Solomon 236-7 Ramah dispute 243-4 Syro-Ephraimite War 259,300 temple of Solomon 237 wars 259,290,292,294,300 Zechariah 571 Issachar (son of Jacob) 57 Issachar (tribe) 65,171, 237, 272 Ithamar (son of Aaron) 115, 280 Ithiel 421 Ittai 224 Ittoba'al III 553 Izharites 281
attitude to humble 480 introduction 433-6 structure 462,463,464-5,473,478-9 Isaiah (prophet) 233,1177
see also Jeconiah Allegory of the Cedar 546 attack by YHWH 507 deportation 391, 487, 508, 526, 547 i Esdras 755-6 sufferings of in Lamentations 531 Jehoiada (high priest) 255-6, 297-8 Jehoiakim (high priest) 701 Jehoiakim (king of Judah) 264, 307, 507
and Ahaz (king of Judah) 259 apocalyptic literature 788 Assyria 559 and Hezekiah 260, 261-2, 303-4 Job (book) 350 Ministry of 443,446, 452, 453,463 Paul's misreading in Romans (book) 1091 psalms 389 recipient of God's word 478 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 696 i Thessalonians 1210 tomb of 827 wine-drinking 688 Isaian Servant 1185 Ishbaal 198, 216, 217, 273 Ishbi-benob 228, 278 Ishbosheth 272 Ishmael, Rabbi 793-4, 808 Ishmael (son of Abraham) 51, 52, 53 Ishmaelites 51, 53, 55, 61 Ishtar 574, 601, 704 Ishvi 272 Isidore of Pelusium 1184
see also Joiakim Daniel (book) 564 i Esdras 755-6 kills prophet Uriah 510 Jehonadab ben Rechab 254 Jehoram (king of Israel) 249 Jehoram (king of Judah) 296 Jehoshabeath 297 Jehoshaphat (king of Judah) 220,236,243,248,
293-6,389 Jehoshaphat, Valley of 220, 581 Jehosheba 255 Jehozadak (high priest) 271 Jehu (king of Israel) 233, 244, 249, 253-5
J see Yahwist Jaar 401 Jaazaniah ben Shaphan 541 Jabbok 59 Jabesh-gilead 191, 205, 214, 215-16, 228 Jabez 270 Jabin 180
dynasty of 571 and Elijah 246
i364 church in 1046-7,1072,1106,1107,1156-7 city state of 234 conquest by Israel 178, 274 cult 567,568, 570 Dead Sea scrolls 444 Egypt 243,545 fall of
controversies 860, 891-3, 894, 910-12,
Jehu (king of Israel) (cont.)
944-5, 952-3 creator 1237-8,1239,1241 crucifixion 373, 884, 919-20, 923, 957-8,
and Elisha 252 and Jehoshaphat 294 Jehu ben Hanani (prophet) 244 Jehudi 517 Jephthah 177,178,184-5, 2°6 Jeremiah (book) 487-528
985, 995-6,1139,1158,1164 Day of Pentecost 1032 death
acclaimed before 981-2 condemnation of sin 1097-8 divine plan 1032,1033 foreshadowed by Lazarus' 981-2, 983 Gospel accounts 884, 920, 922, 957-8,
i and 2 Chronicles 307-8 i and 2 Kings 264 1 Esdras 753, 756 2 Esdras 775-6 Baruch (book) 701 Deuteronomy 142-3,152,153 Ezekiel (book) 549 Isaiah (book) 455 Jeremiah (book) 487, 519 Obadiah (book) 591 Psalms 381-2, 389 Hasmonean rule 622 heavenly city 786,1253-4,1303-5 Hellenization 713, 738 idolatry 262, 448, 616 Jesus and 871-2, 908-12, 922-3, 940-59 Maccabean revolt 721-2 Moriah 54 Nebuchadnezzar 636 Nehemiah 318-23 new 1294,1303-5 Ophel Hill 235 Paul 1040,1064,1069,1071-3,1084 pilgrims 399 post-exilic return to 309-10,311-23,515, 607,
Babylonian Talmud 529 and Baruch (book) 518-22, 625, 700 Jehoahaz 264 and The Letter of Jeremiah 703 and Obadiah (book) 590 Oracles Against the Nations 522-6 Jeremiah (prophet)
995-6 meaning 908,1080 parallel with Stephen's martyrdom 1038 Paul's synagogue speech 1045 plot 893, 915 predictions of own 849, 866, 870, 880,
see also The Letter of Jeremiah Abaithar 235 Baruch 699 biographical accounts 488 Daniel (book) 563, 568 edict of Cyrus 311 i Esdras 756 Ezekiel (book) 535-6 Jeremiah (book) 487-528 and Lamentations 529, 531 letters 511, 700, 701 listens to YHWH 341 metaphors in Ephesians 1173 miraculous fire 736 prophetic symbols in Revelation 1301 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 696 Zedekiah 264, 307-8 Jeremias, J. 681 Jeremiel (archangel) 780 Jericho
903, 905, 907, 984 responsibility for 993 reveals glory of his 985-99 sentence of 884 demons 890, 893, 897, 933, 938, 943-4 departure of 986-7, 990 divinity of 962, 975,1013, 1272 exaltation of 1032,1035,1038,1238 example of 1184-6,1265 family of 861, 898, 937, 965, 974 farewell discourses 986, 988, 989-90 fasting 892 fidelity 1240-1 fulfillment of God's purpose 391, 835, 843,
1102 genealogy 848-9, 931 Gentiles 1012 glorification 985-99, 987-8,1052 grace of 1154 healings see miracles of Jesus Holy Spirit 987-8,1154,1158, 1159, 1163-4 humanity 1026,1240 identity 1008 imagery 1196 innocence of 993 intercessory role 1247 Isaiah's prophecy fulfilled 932-3 Israel 989,1102 Jerusalem
611, 756-64 Roman conquest 622, 775-6 Salem 50 seige 539,543 Seleucid rule 621-2, 713-15 Sennacherib 289, 303-4 Shishak 243 temple see temple tribal territory allocation 170 YHWH and 458, 502, 545, 551, 605, 606, 615 Jerusalem Talmud 797 Jeshua (high priest) 312, 313, 314, 760
archaeology 159 blind man healed, Luke's Gospel 951 building of 245 fall of 163-4 Rahab 161 Syro-Ephraimite War 301 Jeroboam I (king of Israel)
andAbijah 290 golden calves 88 and Rehoboam 288 reign of 242-3 sin of and the fall of Israel 260 Sirach's Praise of the Fathers 695 and Solomon 240-1 succession 244 Tobit(book) 628 Jeroboam II (king of Israel) 257-8,571,572,582,
see also Joshua (high priest) Jeshurun 155,156 Jesse 269, 449 Jesus (called Justus) 1198 Jesus Christ
entry into 871, 909, 952 journey to 922-3,940-52 ministry in 908-12 Judaism 840, 841, 863-4, 874, 883-4, 910'
see also apostles; Christ; Christology; disciples;
Messiah; miracles of Jesus; parables of Jesus adulthood 850 anointings 879, 915, 936-7, 982-4 apocalyptic discourse 835, 842, 912-14,
1066 kingship 915, 983, 993, 994 Lamb of God 964 Last Supper 879, 915, 916-17, 923, 954-5, 985 last words 376 leadership 841, 842 letter of 1329 as logos 660 love 990,1105 majesty of 992 mediator 1045,1194,1223,1247,1249 Melchizedek 1246-7 mercy of 1243-4 mockery of 881, 883, 884, 919, 956 names 848, 849, 927, 929 new covenant 1138 New Testament and 840-3 Passion 518, 879-86, 939, 951, 992-3,
593 Jerome 1307
apocrypha 618, 619 Baruch (book) 700 comments on Barnabas 1311 i Esdras 751 Esther (book) 325 Esther (Greek) 643 interprets psalm 380 Judith (book) 633 Sirach 670 Tobit (book) 627 Wisdom of Solomon 651,652 Jerubbaal (Gideon) 206 Jerusalem
953-4 apocryphal sayings 1315 arrest 880-1, 917-18, 955, 983, 993 ascension 958, 959,1031 authority challenged 890, 891, 894, 910,
952-3 baptism 851, 888, 931,1105 betrayal 879, 881, 882-3, 9I5~I7> 955985-6 birth 849, 850, 922, 928-9,1319 blasphemy accusation 891,919 blood of 1194,1249 body of 1127,1174,1196 burial 884-5, 920992~399^- 997 childhood 929-30,1319-20 children and 869 church and 867-8,992,1127,1174 coming of 1272,1273-4,I279' I282 commandments 911-12, 986, 988, 989 conception 849, 927 confession 881-2,1279
see also Antioch-in-Jerusalem; temple; Zion Antiochenes 739 Antiochus IV 566, 568, 739-40 Apostolic Council deliberations 1046-7,1156 Assyria 260-1 Athaliah's rule in Judah 255-6 autumn festival 388 benediction for 581 centralization of sacrificial worship 144-5
1024-6 Passover 879, 985 Pharisees 860, 875, 891-3, 910-11, 944-5,
946 prayers 931, 942-3, 990-2,1024-6,1218
i365
geographical grouping (fourth) 981-1000 historicity 1012 Judaism 1014 judgement 1013-14 origin of beliefs 834 second book 985-1000 Spirit's role in 1014 John, Acts of 1323
pre-existence of 992 predictions 594, 939, 951 priesthood of 1240,1241,1243-9 prophetic role ion reconciliation of God and humanity 1094 redemption by atonement 1090,1092 rejection of 897-8, 922, 924, 932-3,1091-3 resurrection 879-86,1130-2
Gentiles in message of the Gospel 1042 Gentilization 1107 hostility to gospel 1046,1050,1055 mercenaries 726 as minority in Persian empire 324, 325-6,
327-30 new humanity in Ephesians 1170-1 Paul 1050,1060-1,1135 persecution by Antiochus IV 714-15, 740-1 persecution by Tiberius 791 rejection of Jesus 932-3 i Thessalonians 1200 usage of term in Fourth Gospel 963, 978 widows 1226 Jezebel (queen of Israel) 245,246,247,253,254,