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On the Nature of Theology and Scripture

Johann Gerhard

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On the Nature of Theology and Scripture — Johann Gerhard.

Author: Johann Gerhard

  • 426 chapters
  • 426 PDF pages
  • 312,381 words
  • ≈ 2403 min read
  • English

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    Table of Contents

    1Manufactured in the United States of America
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    2CONTENTS
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    3Publisher’S Preface
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    4Editor’S Preface
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    5I Ntroduction
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    6Gerhard The Writer
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    7GERHARD’S U SE OF ARISTOTELIAN AND SCHOLASTIC CATEGORIES
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    8Editions Of The Theological Commonplaces
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    9Comparison Of Editions Of Gerhard’S Loci
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    10Dedicatory Epistles
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 22 min    118 That is, baptized.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 35 min    12Second, homonyms.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 69 min    13The logic of the order.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    14Chapter I: Nomenclature includes: (1) Etymology, § 2. (2) Homonyms, § 3. (3) Synonyms, § 9. The factual material explain
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 24 min    15Chapter II: The efficient cause of Scripture is either principal or instrumental. The principal cause is the true God, o
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    16First, the principal [efficient cause], which is God.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 26 min    17Second, the instrumental causes, which are the holy men of God.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    18Question 1: Whether God wanted His Word to be written.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    19Question 2: Whether Scripture was necessary.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    20§ 31. (2) Bellarmine declares:
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 35 min    21Chapter III: The authority of Scripture arises from and depends on the principal efficient cause (God), § 33.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 59 min    224 Something added to or connected with; an essential feature.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 17 min    23Chapter IV: The material of Scripture is the holy things reduced to writing by the will of God, which are contained in t
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    24Chapters V: The books of the Bible are distinguished in various ways, § 55.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    25Chapters VI: But among all the divisions, that one stands out by which they are distinguished between canonical and apoc
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    26Why they are so called.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    27Which and how many there are.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    28Which are the apocryphal books?
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    29The ambiguity of the word “apocryphal.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    30[First, from the instrumental efficient cause.]
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    31Second, from their external form.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    32Third, from the subject matter.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    33A posteriori. First, those controversial books are not quoted by Christ and the apostles.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    34Second, they lack the testimony of the Israelite church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 14 min    35Third, they lack the testimony of the early Christian Church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    36The Council of Laodicea.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    37Melito.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    38Eusebius of Pamphilus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    39Cyril of Jerusalem.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    40Epiphanius.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    41Amphilochius.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    42Nazianzen.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    43Origen.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    44Athanasius.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    45The Trullan Synod.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    46The Damascene.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    47Hilary.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    48Jerome.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    49Rufinus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    50Philastrius.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    51Gregory.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    52The Glossa ordinaria of the Bible.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    53The gloss of the Jus canonicum.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    54Cardinal Hugh [of St. Cher].
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    55Cajetan.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    56Archbishop Antoninus of Florence.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    57Rabanus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    58Erasmus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    59Petrus Cluniacensis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    60Hugh of St. Victor.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    61Junilius Africanus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    62The author of De mirabilibus scripturae.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    63The approval of the Papists themselves.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    64The exceptions of the Papists: First, that the canon of the Jews must be distinguished from that of Christians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    65Second, that one must distinguish between protocanonical and deuterocanonical books.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    66Third, that it is one thing not to accept but another to reject.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    67Fourth, that we must distinguish between the time when the canon was not yet completely established and when it was announced by public auth
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    68The arguments of the Papists: First, that the apostles declared that these books were canonical.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    69Second, that the councils and fathers consider those books as canonical.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 18 min    70Third, that the fathers cite testimonies from these books.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    71Question 1: Whether some canonical books have perished.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    72Question 2: Whether the prophetic books were consumed in the burning of Jerusalem and were restored by Ezra.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    73Question 3: Whether Ezra restored corrupted books.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    74Question 4: Whether Ezra invented new Hebrew letters.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    756 End of the fourth century.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    76Chapters VII: The canonical books of the Old Testament specifically, § 118.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    77Genesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    78Exodus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    79Leviticus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    80Numbers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    81Deuteronomy.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    82Joshua.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    83Judges.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    84Ruth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    85The two Books of Samuel.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    86The two Books of Kings.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    87The two Books of Chronicles.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    88The two Books of Ezra.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    89Esther.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    90Job.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 31 min    91The Psalter.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    92The Proverbs.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    93Ecclesiastes.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    94Song of Songs.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    95Isaiah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    96Jeremiah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    97Lamentations.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    98Ezekiel.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    99Daniel.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    100Hosea.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    101Joel.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    102Amos.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    103Obadiah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    104Jonah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    105Micah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    106Nahum.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    107Habakkuk.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    108Zephaniah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    109Haggai.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    110Zechariah.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    111Malachi.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 22 min    1123 and 4 Ezra.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    1133 and 4 Maccabees.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    114The Prayer of Manasseh.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    115The appendix to the Book of Job.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    116The Book of Tobit. It is not found in the Hebrew sources.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    117The Greek version does not agree with the Latin.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    118It conflicts with historical truth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    119It has some things that do not agree with canonical truth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    120The fathers remove it from the canon.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    121As do some of the Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    122Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    123The Book of Judith.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    124It does not agree with historical truth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 22 min    125It is not at all in harmony with the analogy of faith.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    126It is excluded from the canon by the Israelite church and the early Christian church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    127Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    128The seven last chapters of the Book of Esther.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    129They were not written in Hebrew but in Greek.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    130They were not written by a prophet.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    131They conflict with the canonical Book of Esther.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    132It conflicts with historical truth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    133It is excluded from the canon by the Israelite church and the early Christian church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    134Some Papists number it among the apocryphal writings.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    135Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    136The Book of Wisdom.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 26 min    137It contains some matters not in harmony with the analogy of faith.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    138It lacks the unanimous approval of the early Church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    139Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 16 min    140It contains some things not in harmony with the analogy of faith.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    141Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    142It is not written in the prophetic language.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    143It conflicts with the canonical books.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    144It conflicts with historical truth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    145The more sensible Papists reject it.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    146Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    147They are not found in Hebrew.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    148They were not written by a prophet.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    149They lack the approval of the Church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    150The more sensible Papists reject them.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    151Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    152The two Books of Maccabees.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    153They are not written in the prophetic language.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    154They do not have the testimony of Christ nor of the apostles in the New Testament.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    155Bellarmine makes the exception:
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    156They contain discordant matters.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    157Bellarmine makes the exception:
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    158They contain some matters not consistent with the analogy of faith.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    159The Israelite church did not accept them into the canon.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    160Some Papists remove them from the canon.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    161Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    162Whether there are some apocryphal books among the New Testament books.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 19 min    163The canonical books of the New Testament of the first rank: The Gospel of Matthew.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    164The Gospel of Mark.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    165The Gospel of Luke.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    166The Gospel of John.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 30 min    167The Acts of the Apostles.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    168The thirteen Pauline Epistles.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    169Romans.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    1701 Corinthians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    1712 Corinthians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    172Galatians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    173Ephesians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    174Philippians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    175Colossians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    1761 Thessalonians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    1772 Thessalonians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    1781 Timothy.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    1792 Timothy.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    180Titus.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    181Philemon.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    1821 Peter.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    1831 John.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    184The Epistle to the Hebrews.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 40 min    185The Epistle of James.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 20 min    1862 Peter.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    1872 and 3 John.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    188The Epistle of Jude.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    189Revelation.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 47 min    190Chapters XI: The apocryphal and rejected books of the New Testament, § 301.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 17 min    191The internal form of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    192The external form.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    193Chapter XIII: From the fact that the Old Testament was written by holy men of God in the Hebrew language, and the New Te
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 30 min    194Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    195The Hebrew text is not corrupt.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    196First, not by the malice of the Jews.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    197Second, nor by the carelessness of scribes.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    198Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    199Examples of corruption adduced by Bellarmine: First, Isaiah 9:6: “He will call Him.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    200Second, Jeremiah 23:6: “He will call Him.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    201Third, Psalm 22:[16].
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    202Fourth, Psalm 19:4: “their voice.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    203Fifth, complete sentences are missing.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    204The vowel points are as old as the Hebrew text.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    205We prove this, first, from Christ’s assertion in Matthew 5:18.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    206Second, from the nature and condition of the vowel points.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    207Third, from the peril of ambiguity and uncertainty.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    208Fourth, from the perspicuity of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    209Fifth, from the perfection of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    210Sixth, from the Jews’ reverence toward Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    211Seventh, from the consequence of absurdities.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    212Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    213Contrary arguments: First, from the perfection of the Hebrew language.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    214Second, from the quoting of the Greek version in the Old Testament.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    215Third, from the diverse readings of proper names.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    216Fourth, from the condition of the dagesh and of the pointing of the shin.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    217Fifth, from an ignorance of Hebrew poetry.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    218Sixth, from the omission of the vowel points in today’s writings of the Hebrews.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    219Seventh, from the suppression of the vowel points.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    220Eighth, from the Chaldaic name for certain vowels.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    221Ninth, from the omission of Jerome.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    222The Greek text in the New Testament was not corrupted.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    223Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    224First, 1 Corinthians 15:47: “The second man is from heaven.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    225Second, 1 Corinthians 7:[34]: “and he is divided.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    226Third, Romans 12:11: “serving the Lord.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    227Fourth, some parts of Scripture are missing.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    228Fifth, some things in them are superfluous.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    229The end of Scripture: First, with respect to God.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    230Second, with respect to us.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    231The effects of Holy Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    232Scripture is perfect.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    233We prove this, first, from its clear appellation in Psalm 19:7.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    234Second, from its principal efficient cause.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    235Third, from its material.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    236Exceptions to the passages Deuteronomy 4:2 and 12:32.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    237Exceptions to the passage John 20:31.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    238Exceptions to the passage Galatians 1:8.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    239Exception to the passage 2 Timothy 3:15.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    240Exception to the passage Revelation 22:18.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    241Fourth, from its end and effect.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    242Statements of the ancients regarding the perfection of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 17 min    243The confession of the Scholastics and of certain Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    244Antithesis: Of the Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    245Their arguments: First, that either the entire canon taken together is sufficient or the individual books by themselves are sufficient.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    246Second, that the apostles did not write in accordance with God’s mandate.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    247Third, that many necessary things are not contained in Scripture: A remedy for women against original sin.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    248The remedy for males who die before their eighth day.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    249The justification of the Gentiles in the Old Testament.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    250The authority of the canonical books.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    251The understanding of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    252The virginity of Mary.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    253The celebration of Easter on Sunday.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    254Infant Baptism.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    255Purgatory.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    256The perfection of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    257The institution of the sacraments.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    258Antithesis: Of the Calvinists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    259Antithesis: Of the Photinians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    260Antithesis: Of the Weigelians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    261Chapter XIX: Which excludes the necessity of traditions, § 394.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    262First, they are opposed to the written Word of God.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    263Second, they derive from Pharisaism.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    264They are the characteristic of heretics.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    265Fourth, they are fallacious and uncertain.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    266Fifth, they have not come from Christ and the apostles.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    267Statements of the fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    268Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 14 min    269Arguments in favor of traditions: First, John 16:12: “I yet have many things to say to you.” John 21:25: “But there are also many other thin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    270We respond. (1) The same faulty logic is coming back:
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    271Third, 2 Thessalonians 2:15: “Hold to the traditions.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    272Fourth, 1 Timothy 6:20: “Guard the deposit.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    273Fifth, 2 John 12 and 3 John 13: “I have many things to write to you.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    274The testimony of the Papists, councils, and fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    275Rational arguments: First, from the consensus of heretics in despising traditions.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    276Second, from the custom of all the heathen.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    277Third, from the dignity of the Catholic Church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    278Fourth, from the dignity of the divine mysteries.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    279Chapter XX: (2) And perspicuity, § 414.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    280This is proved, first, from statements of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    281Second, from its efficient cause.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    282Third, from an enumeration of its constituent parts.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    283Fourth, from the chief material and contents of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    284Fifth, from an accidental outcome.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    285Sixth, from a comparison of the Old and New Testaments.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    286Seventh, from a deduction to the absurd.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    287Statements of the fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 16 min    288The approval of our adversaries.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    289Antithesis: First, of the Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    290Their arguments: First, Psalm 119:18: “Give me understanding.”
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    291Third, 2 Peter 3:16.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    292Fourth, Daniel 12:4.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    293The testimony of the fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    294Rational arguments.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    295Our testimony.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    296Second, the Calvinists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    297Third, the Photinians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 26 min    298This is proved: First, from its title.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    299Second, from God’s command.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    300Third, from the reformation of divine worship.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    301Fourth, from the appeal of Christ and His apostles to Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    302Fifth, from the commendation of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    303Sixth, from the condition of a norm.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    304Seventh, from sufficient enumeration.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    305The statements of the fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 19 min    306Antithesis: First, of the Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    307Of the Weigelians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    308Chapter XXII: And their infallible judge, § 453.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    309First, the principal, absolute, and authentic judge is God Himself.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    310Second, the ministerial and inferior judge is the Church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    311Third, Scripture alone is the voice of the principal judge and the norm of the ministerial judge.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    312Statements of the fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    313Therefore the judge is not: First, unregenerate man speaking according to the dictates of reason.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    314Second, the enthusiast who boasts of the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    315Third, the Roman pontiff, boasting of the immediate assistance of the Holy Spirit.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    316Fourth, councils.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    317Fifth, the fathers.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    318Antithesis: First, of the Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    319The arguments of the Papists: First, from the imperfection of Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    320Second, from a comparison with the civil commonwealth.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    321Third, from the disagreement of those who acknowledge Scripture as the judge.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    322Fourth, from the appeal of heretics to Scripture.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    323Fifth, from the condition of a judge.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    324Antithesis: Second, of the Calvinists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    325Antithesis: Third, of the Photinians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 28 min    326Arguments of the Photinians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    327Fourth, the Weigelians.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    328Chapter XXIII: The object of Scripture is all human beings without exception, § 481. From this, it is concluded deductiv
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    329We prove that the laity should read Scripture: First, from the divine command.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    330Second, from divine approval.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    331Third, from the intention of God and the holy men of God.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    332Fourth, from the fruit produced by this reading.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    333Fifth, from the corresponding form of proven examples.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    334Seventh, from a comparison of both similar and equal things.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    335Statements of the ancients.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    336The approval of some of our adversaries.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    337Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    338Chapter XXIV: Now if the laity are not only to be allowed to read Scripture but also invited, then it must surely be nec
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    339Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    340The arguments of the Papists: First, from the history of the Old Testament.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    341Second, from the usage of the apostles.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    342Third, from the usage of the universal Church.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    343Fourth, from reason.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    344Fifth, from inconvenience.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    345Sixth, from the majesty of the divine offices.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    346Seventh, from the absurd.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    347Eighth, from the excellence of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin languages.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    348Section I: On the Chaldaic Version of the Old Testament
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    349Section II: On the Greek Translation of the Old Testament
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 13 min    350Section III: On the Syriac Version of the New Testament
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 14 min    351Section IV: On the Arabic Translation of Holy Scripture
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    352Section V: On the Latin Vulgate Translation of the Bible
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    353It is not Jerome’s work.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    354It departs from its sources.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    355It teems with many errors.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    356The fathers depart from it.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    357Antithesis.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    358The arguments of the Papists: First, from the antiquity of the translation.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    359Second, from the dignity of its commendation.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    360Third, from parity of nature.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    361Fourth, from the variety of translations.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    362Section VI: On Luther’s German Translation
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    363Passages in which he is slandered by the Papists.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 22 min    364The necessity of interpretation.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    365Interpretation belongs to the ecclesiastical ministry.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    366Rules for the interpretation of Scripture: First, the meaning of Scripture is to be drawn out from Scripture itself.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    367Second, the interpretation of Scripture should be analogous to the faith.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    368Third, the more obscure and more rare things are to be explained from the clearer and more frequent things.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    369Fourth, the natural meaning of words and colloquial expressions are to be discovered from the sources.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    370Fifth, interpretation should be proper and literal.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    371Sixth, interpretation should agree with each passage’s aim, circumstances of parts, and order.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    372Seventh, one must consult the ancient and more recent interpreters.
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    373Chapter XXVI: The use of this article is theoretical: (1) Teaching. (2) Refuting. And practical: (1) Admonishing. (2) Co
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    374Chapter XXVII: The definition of Scripture can be formed from the preceding. Holy Scripture is the Word of God; by His w
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    375GLOSSARY
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    376NAME INDEX
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 46 min    377Oecolampadius, Johannes, E1.431
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 16 min    378OLD TESTAMENT Genesis
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    379Exodus
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    380Numbers
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    381Deuteronomy
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    382Joshua
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    383Judges
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    3841 Kings
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    3852 Kings
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    3862 Chronicles
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    387Ezra
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    388Nehemiah
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    389Esther
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    390Job
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    391Psalms
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    392Proverbs
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    393Isaiah
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    394Jeremiah
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    395Ezekiel
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    396Daniel
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    397Amos
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    398Tobit
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    399Judith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    400Additions to Esther
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    401Wisdom (Wisdom of Solomon )
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    402Sirach (Ecclesiasticus)
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4031 Maccabees
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4042 Maccabees
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    405NEW TESTAMENT Matthew
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    406Mark
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    407Luke
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    408John
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    409Acts
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    410Romans
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    4111 Corinthians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    4122 Corinthians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    413Galatians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    414Ephesians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    415Colossians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4161 Thessalonians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4172 Thessalonians
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4181 Timothy
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4192 Timothy
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    420Hebrews
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    421James
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4221 Peter
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4232 Peter
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    4241 John
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    425Revelation
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    426WORKS CITED
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min

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