మిషన్‌లో విభేదాలు (1896–99)

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Pohl was busily engaged during the year 1896 the erec- tion the Tadepalligudem bungalow and chapel. Sep- tember finished the latter and occupied temporarily with his family dwelling. one the last Sundays February, 1899, while Miss Sadtler was visit Tade- palligudem, the first service was held the chapel. "Building is slow India, " she wrote, "especially our missionaries have usually had the bricks and tiles burned, the logs sawed and then made into doors and windows under their personal supervision. This was the case with Mr. Pohl. When work was first begun the site sometimes lived small boat which had fitted up, and later slept shed with palmyra-leaf roof. Still later occupied the church which was the first building finished. During recent visit Mr. and Mrs. Pohl and their children were living there. While the necessary supervision the work went on, the Christians neighboring villages were visited. was odd see the in- genious contrivances which were made answer the purpose of necessary furniture. The box, for instance, which the church bell came from Philadelphia, was converted into table. During visit were only one day the church, when Mr. Pohl proposed that move the kitchen. moved Saturday afternoon and took possession the three small rooms it. . . . The new bungalow conveniently arranged, differing from most houses having gothic arches above the windows and the verandahs, which greatly add to its appearance. The iron trusses which support the roof have just been placed, and soon the necessary carpenter work done the tiles can laid. After moved from the church was all cleaned and prepared for the service next day. Mr. Pohl had just had the altar, made teak wood with 313

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carving it, brought from Rajahmundry. This was put its place. Sunday morning the new bell from Philadelphia, which has clear, pleasing ring, called the people irom Tade- palligudem and neighboring village service. few benches were put the rear and placed allow room for the school-children and women, who prefer sitting the floor. The altar cloth sent Miss Emma Endlich was used, and Mr. Pohl wore the gown. white gown used during the hot season. was the first service which all was order. The Telugu Church Book was used, the carpenter boys from Rajahmundry rendering good assistance the singing. Mr. Pohl spoke the congregation the form catechisation, as this method suited the comprehension the people better than regular sermon. The church was well filled with Christians, and made the parable the sower very plain to them. three o'clock held Sunday school for the children. 4.30 p. M. accompanied him Pentapad, four of our Christian carpenters going with us. Reaching the place, walked through the bazaar market place, where grain, tobacco, cloths and other materials were for sale. Tracts, Telugu and English, were given the people who could read and would take them. Mr. Pohl, the Christian boys and I, seated chair, were soon hid from view the crowd men and boys who listened the singing our hymns, and Mr. Pohl spoke earnestly them. There was disturbance. Occasionally questions were asked. was quite dark when again reached the house. eight o'clock in the evening Mr. Pohl again held service the church, some Christians from distant village being able come then better than the morning. After church, 9.45 Pp. M. , while were seated the house conversing, half dozen men came talk Mr. Pohl about religion. took chair and candle and went into the unfinished bungalow and talked with them until nearly eleven o'clock. They were earnest inquirers and wanted teacher sent their village, but their request could not granted because, present, instructions from the Board tell not undertake any new work. you not call this full Sunday's work? "

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The Board and the Mission entertained the hope that Pohl would allowed remain indefinitely or, least, long enough complete the building operations Tadepalli- gudem; but the Schleswig-Holstein Mission Society, after having given notice number times its desire recall him, insisted, 1897, that should withdraw from the Rajahmundry Mission; and August, that year, left the field Parvatipur, Vizagapatam district, station the Breklum Mission. its report the General Council in 1897 the Board bore him the following testimony: 'His seven years labor before came our Mission gave him an experience that made him valuable and efficient mission- ary, and his fidelity his calling and his Lord secured for his Roo § Tot labors blessing from God that none could fail recognize. " Toward the close the year 1895 Baehnisch was granted a six months' leave absence order take his wife back to Germany, the hope that her impaired health would restored; but while Germany resigned and his resigna- tion was accepted take effect January 31, 1897. Mrs. Kuder, account weakness and desirous pro- viding for the education the elder children, came the United States the spring 1896, and, after having made arrangements for their care and education, returned India with child who had been born Virginia, October, 1897. To take the places Pohl and Baehnisch the Board called Mueller and Holler, neither whom, however, remained the Mission long enough render any lasting service. Rev. Edward Hans Mueller was born Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, and received his preparatory training Germany. He was called the Board while still student the Theo- logical Seminary Philadelphia, 1896, was ordained that year the meeting the Pennsylvania Ministerium St. John's Church, Allentown, Pa. , was commissioned June 3, 1896, St. Michael's Church the same city, and sailed directly afterward for Germany, where during the summer he took short course medicine Strassburg, and mar- ried. reached Rajahmundry early October, 1896, lived and studied Telugu Samulkot and then Tadepalli-

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gudem, and after having passed his final examination Telugu the end his second year, assumed independ- ent charge the Tadepalligudem district, and continued look after its interests until his resignation 189g. Rev. Peter Holler, pastor congregation Schuyler, Neb. , was called the Board its meeting August 30, 1897. was commissioned October 5th, St. Michael's Church, Germantown, Pa. , sailed the next day, and arrived Rajahmundry December 21, 1897. was the first mis- sionary take his Telugu examination before committee of the South India Missionary Association. After the return Kuder the United States 1898, was associated with Dr. Schmidt the care the Boys' Boarding School. resigned on June 14, 1901, and his relation the Board terminated month and half later. Miss Kate L. Sadtler returned the Mission 1896, and reaching Rajahmundry November 12th, she resumed charge the Hindu Girls' School the Riverdale compound and assisted the zenana work, until she finally left the field March 15, 1902, come the United States and care for her mother her declining years. Just before leaving Rajahmundry she furnished the following review her work as foreign missionary: "The Caste Girls' School was started by Mrs. Schmidt 1882 with four scholars. . . . was given charge the school July, 1891. Many girls have entered and left the twenty years since was opened. There have been even more changes than there would home, for in India girls are not, rule, allowed remain school after they are considered grown, that is, after twelve years age. . . . October, 1893, opened Sunday school for the girls, which, except during absence America from 1895 1896, has continued uninterruptedly. . . . have formed number classes the homes former pupils the school. have always found them delighted sing the Christian lyrics learned school and continue the Bible lessons. find very hard leave many these former school girls, now married women with children their own, as attached them and they me. also think some

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of them believe Christ their Saviour but have not the courage confess Him before men. . . . was eleven years ago last December since came India. . . . find that first zenana classes were formed June, 1893. began with three classes. The first all was among some Sudra girls who had been pupils the school, and still teach them. There have been changes, but two the young women are those with whom started. They are married now and have children but still wish taught. Another class was com- posed four Brahmin women, the wives professors the Government College here. The husbands asked come and teach their wives. When began zenana work, not having many classes, also taught, after the Bible lesson, some fancy work. the classes multiplied could longer, as first, give afternoon class, and the fancy work had discontinued. have now twenty-four classes attend five afternoons, and either teaching Bible lessons or singing Telugu hymns from 2 o'clock half past five very tiresome, but when the women are interested one forgets the fatigue. Since Miss Swenson left for America, now two years ago this month, have had the oversight all the zenana work. Ruth, Pastor Joseph's widow, employed Bible-woman. Miss Dagmar Schmidt very kindly came assistance and took number Miss Swenson's classes, which she has added many new ones. She does the teaching the zenanas gratuitously for the love the work. regret greatly that circumstances should have arisen that call both away from the work the same time. Owing Miss Strempfer's long- continued illness, she unable take charge the zenana work present. Miss Schade, who has agreed give the work oversight until Miss Strempfer better, successful finding Bible-women, the work may continued; otherwise, I fear, many classes will have dropped. have now eighty-nine houses which 2go pupils are taught. have six classes Dowlaishwaram, where drive every Wednesday afternoon, leaving here one o'clock and returning six. These, fear, will have dropped. . . . When the first trying years which you can only study Telugu and feel

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LJ

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that you are not very useful, are passed, the work grows increasingly interesting. with regret that leave India and the zenana work, for greatly attached some my women and girls, but called home for reasons which I cannot disregard. have taught these women and prayed for them. must now leave them God's hands. will, He can cause the seed planted and watered spring and bear fruit. may see them more earth; may God grant that may see some them heaven! " Miss Charlotte Swenson was associated with Miss Sadtler in the zenana work from November, 1896, until she left the field February, 1goo, account ill health. During the hot season May and June the missionaries usually take vacation six weeks the hills, for which the Board grants allowance. ! The most popular summer resorts for missionaries are Waltair, Kodaikanal the Pul- ney Hills, and Kotagiri the Nilgiri Hills. Miss Swen- son and Miss Sadtler spent the hot season 189g Kodai- kanal, and Miss Sadtler furnished the following interesting description the journey that resort: "We are fortunate in now having short route Madras, only twenty-four hours by rail. From there continued southward from Madras about 350 miles, where our railroad journey ended. Then we rode for 30 miles bullock bandy. ? Straw put the cart, over which spread our rugs and lie down. The jolting makes many people sea-sick. Starting 4.30 P. M. , reached the foot the Ghats 2.30 A. Mm. There dak-bungalow we had lunch, previously ordered, and after putting heavier clothing started 4.30 A. M. starlight ascend the Ghats, distance 12 miles. The ascent made pony being carried chair which poles are attached, the poles resting the shoulders the bearers. chose chair which broke when was half-way the mountain and had tied together with ropes, after which felt uneasy, especially the steep ascents. However, reached our cottage safely 10.30 A. Mm. beautifully situated the 1 Rs. 75 for adult and Rs. 25 for child. 2A "bandy" cart with without springs; any vehicle.

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brow hill, with fine view the valley and surrounding hills. Sometimes are far above the clouds which fill the valley with billowy, fleecy effect like high banks snow. The air bracing and cool, the thermometer ranging from 58 to 72 degrees above zero. " Besides the recreation afforded the summer resort, there are many conferences and meetings missionaries, which always prove helpful and inspiring. The weeks spent at these resorts are both physical and spiritual refreshment the tired missionaries, who return their work the plains with new vigor and interest. Several Missions have pur- chased property and erected cottages Kodaikanal and Kotagiri for their missionaries. ' Closely associated with the zenana work the medical work for women and children, and the beginning such work in our Mission was made during the period under review in this chapter, the sending out Dr. Lydia Woerner. Dr. Lydia Woerner, daughter the Rev. Gottlob Fried- erich Woerner and Friederica, née Woern, was born Spring Station, Tex. , while her father served congregation that place. The family afterward moved Roxboro, suburb Philadelphia. She studied medicine the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, for three years the expense the Women's Missionary Society the Pennsylvania Ministerium, and was graduated 189g. The Board called her India that year the first medical missionary the General Council, pledging itself establish Dispensary and Hospital Rajahmundry for women and children. Dr. Woerner was commissioned for her work Friday evening, October 13, 1899, in St. John's English Lutheran Church, Phialdelphia, sailed from New York four days later and arrived Rajahmundry on November 29th, having taken the overland route from Bombay. She applied herself the study Telugu, spent In 1912 Mrs. J. H. Harpster donated choice building site Kotagiri the Boards the General Council and the General Synod, giving each one- half about acre. The bungalows erected this site are memorials Dr, Harpster. The funds for the bungalows the General Council's mis- sionaries were secured through Mrs. F. A. Kaehler's activity from women's missionary societies throughout America. 21

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some time Guntur, took Miss Schade's place manager of the Girls' Boarding School while the latter was furlough in 1901, and began the medical mission work Rajahmundry. Before taking her first furlough! Miss Schade was able complete the erection new and adequate buildings for her boarding school for girls, which 1897 enrolled fifty Christian boarders, twenty-three Christian day pupils and twenty Hindu day pupils. December, 1896, site four acres was secured from the Government through Mr. Brodie, the Collector the District, grant, merely paying for the trees which grew the lots. Miss Schade contributed from her private purse sufficient funds build the main school building, and the Board appropriated Rs. 8100 ($2700)2 for the dormitory building. McCready supervised the building operations. The corner-stone the Dormitory was laid April 22, 1898, and that the main school building July 13th the same year. October 31, 1898, Miss Schade and her pupils moved into the new dormitory. Miss Schade described the occupation the building follows: "All arrangements having been previously made, started out procession seventy-five strong, each child taking her belongings with her. two hours were quite settled and ready for the dedication service. The missionaries present the station and many the native Christian attended. First we assembled the west verandah and the blessing God was invoked upon the children who were occupy the rooms. We next proceeded the prayer-room where interesting little service was held. few addresses were made, and then one the girls, after rehearsing some the difficulties en- countered during the time building, thanked Rev. Mr. McCready behalf all the girls for his great interest the school and his untiring labors erecting this building for them. next went the well, the kitchen, the work- ! Miss Schade remained India ten years and three months before taking her first furlough which lasted only eight months. Sept. , 1896, the Board passed rule making the term service for woman missionaries five years. It has since been lengthened six years. 2 Besides the Board's appropriation, Miss Swenson contributed Rs. 500; Miss Sadtler, Rs. 200, and Rev. Isaacson, Rs. 20, making total Rs. 8820 (or $2940) contributed and used for this building.

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MAIN BUILDING THE GIRLS' CENTRAL SCHOOL RAJAHMUNDRY

DORMITORIES THE GIRLS" CENTRAL SCHOOL, RAJAIIMUNDRY

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A GROUP

E. Pohl Dagmar Mrs. E. Pohl Mrs, TI. C. Schmidt Sister 1'ohl

TIE WELL THE COMPOUND

MISSIONARIES

Schmidt 11. E. Isaacson Il. C. Schmidt Mrs. 11. LE. Isaacson Kate L. Sadtler

OF THE GIRLS CENTRAL SCHOOL,

RATANMIMUNDRY

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room and the sick-room, and every place appropriate prayers were offered. Finally, reached the rooms the zenana sister charge, and there very fervent prayer was offered for her who was teach and guide all those who for a longer shorter period time would find their home within these walls. After prayer the gateway this simple and pleasing service was brought close with the Lord's Prayer, the doxology and the benediction. " The main school building was completed and occupied on June 18, 1899. The estimate for this building was Rs. 5700 ($1900), which the government gave Rs. 1900 building grant, that cost Miss Schade about $1300. Despite the commendable progress which was made India the Board found itself unable finance the work ade- quately account lack income. September, 1896, it became necessary negotiate loan $3000 from the Board Directors the Theological Seminary Philadel- phia note endorsed the Rev. William Ashmead Schaef- fer and Wilham H. Staake, Esq. special appeal for larger contributions was published the church and missionary journals, and the General Council Erie, Pa. , 1897, re- solved urge the synods raise $50,000 year for the next two years. These efforts, however, failed utterly, and the next two years actually showed decrease income. ! By strict economy, however, the Board was able liquidate its indebtedness 189g. was exercised two directions, namely: first, systematic reduction the estimates for the regular work the Mission and stringent orders the missionaries not begin any new work; and, secondly, dispensing with the full services the Missionary Superin- tendent, the Rev. J. Telleen, who voluntarily withdrew take charge congregation Chicago during the year 1897, giving only part his time and attention the Board greatly reduced salary. again resumed his work full 1 The income for the biennium 1897-99 was $39,476.64, compared with $41,051.12 for the previous two years. While the report the treasurer 1897 showed receipts $1333.33 from the proceeds the German and English pub- lications the Board Publication, such receipts are recorded the treas- urer's report 189g. This some extent accounts for the reduced income.

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on June 1, 1898. this subject the Board reported the General Council 189g, follows: "To keep the subject before the people the idea the Board well the General Council, and this can only done having man constantly employed, Mr. Telleen present, visiting synods, conferences, missionary conventions, Luther leagues, congregations and individuals the interest the work. The activity and intelligent zeal our Superintendent, who has headquarters both Rock Island and Chicago, have been put good service the effort increase the interest the Church the work bringing the heathen the knowledge of Christ Jesus. " A number important changes occurred the Board during the period under review this chapter. The Board sustained decided loss the death its President, the Rev. Professor Charles W. Schaeffer, D. D. , May 15, 1896. He had served member the Board since August, 1880, a period almost sixteen years, and had been its President since September, 1892. The Rev. H. Grahn was elected his successor May 11, 1896. The Rev. E. H. Pohle was elected the German Secretary of the Board June 12, 1890, succeeding Dr. Grahn that office, but resigned year and half later, Mr. Conrad Itter becoming his successor. Mr. J. Washington Miller, Philadelphia, efficient lay member the Board, who served since the beginning 1887, died March, 1900, the Board paying him just tribute for his service. Quite change was made the membership the Board the General Council at Erie, Pa. , 1897, when was resolved that the Board should consist eight clergymen and eight laymen. result the following new members were elected: Messrs. Albert Oettinger, Conrad Itter, J. A. Bremer, F. Veit, George W. March and Henry S. Cassel, taking the places of the Revs. E. Niedecker, J. F. C. Fluck, S. A. Ziegenfuss, J. J. Heischmann, and C. W. Schaeffer, D. D. , deceased. Those who remained the Board were the Revs. Carl A. Blomgren, E. H. Pohle, E. R. Cassaday, F. W. Weiskotten, W. A. Schaeffer, J. L. Sibole, E. E. Sibole, H. Grahn, and

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Messrs. J. W. Miller and W. H. Staake. Mr. L. Heist was elected the Board the stead Mr. Cassel, who declined to serve. 189g the General Council elected Mr. Chas. A. Smith the place Mr. F. Veit and the Rev. L. G. Abraham- son, D. D. , the place the Rev. August Fischer, who had filled the unexpired term the Rev. E. H. Pohle. fill the vacancy created the death Mr. J. W. Miller, Mr. Chas. B. Opp was elected the Board, and when the Rev. J. L. Sibole resigned September, 1goo, the Rev. S. A. Ziegenfuss was restored membership the Board. Pastor N. Paulus died May 25, 1897, and less than two years later, Palm Sunday, March 26, 189g, Pastor T. Joseph also fell asleep Jesus. Concerning Pastor Paulus Dr. Schmidt wrote: "He was remarkable man and one the most influential native pastors in these parts India. dated from olden times when education was low ebb India, especially among his class people. could not write English well enough compose glorious reports, else the missionary journals would have printed them and not forgotten record that this native pastor little more than eighteen years baptized close five thousand persons, not speak other ministerial acts. . . . was good speaker, had powerful voice, and his language was plain and easily understood, even the most ignorant. The secret his success was his love for the people, even the poorest. worked with great self-denial and his end never grew tired seeking the lost. would the Mala quarters and preach them, and when they were friendly would into one their houses, put with them for the night, sit their cot and tell them God's wonderful plan salvation. That was his mode working even after his ordination and his very end. Pastor Paulus never was discouraged his work and often said, 'It only a question time. They will all come. must only wait little. " For eight years worked under catechist, and when was ordained Christmas, 1878, took charge of large part field, where considered him the pastor loci. Although remained part work and

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came twice year visit the Christian villages, examine the schools and congregations, still never performed ministerial acts interfered with his work, except supervisor. always consulted important matters, and never did anything without consent. managed the work remark- ably well and showed much sound judgment had grown congregational work home. paid all the teachers and preachers, between fifty and sixty them, and looked after buildings and repairs. always found that got more help and labor out the Christians than mis- sionary could have done. But was principally evan- gelist and understood how bring the people into the Church. " Pastor T. Joseph's health for some time before his death was such interfere with his activity. For years was almost blind. Still his ministry was abundantly blessed to the last, and preached the Sunday before his death. After his death Dr. Schmidt wrote: 'Oh, that had more such native pastors! When see many missionaries leave account ill health and for other reasons, cannot but pray that the vacancies caused the deaths of these native ministers may filled soon, and that may get even more them look after the growing con- gregations. " For the better administration the Mission revised set of Rules and Regulations, which had been worked out the Board while Dr. Schmidt was furlough the United States, was adopted and published 1895. Under these Rules the Mission Council India, composed all missionaries, women as well men, who had been placed "in charge mission work, " constituted the governing body, ''the executive com- mittee the Board the mission field. " Through official correspondence between this Council and the Board the mission work was regulated; but unfortunately several of the missionaries wrote private letters certain members of the Board, and these letters were sometimes read the Board and made the basis its action. The inevitable result was dissension among the missionaries, which came head

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in connection with the ordination J. William Garu; ! but is due Mr. William state that was the innocent cause of the trouble. was not his fitness for the holy office, but the manner which his ordination was effected, that was question. After the death Pastor Paulus the need ordaining some one take his place the Bhimawaram district was strongly urged Dr. Schmidt. The first native worker suggested for this high honor was P. V. Ratnam, who, how- ever, just this time withdrew from the Mission and went over the Church Missionary Society. ? At meeting the ordained missionaries held Dr. Schmidt's residence, '"'Riverdale, " October, 1897, was moved license J. William perform marriages rather than to ordain him once. Three the missionaries voted for this motion and three against it. due form and order this meeting and its action was reported the Board; but pri- vate letters two the missionaries urged the immediate ordi- nation J. William. The Board decided have him ordained and, after having obtained the authorization the President of the Ministerium Pennsylvania, directed the officers the Mission Council India perform the act ordination. This action the Board was taken January 24, 1898. The officers the Mission Council, Kuder and McCready, joined by Arps and Mueller, thereupon wrote the Board, explain- ing that the Mission Council, such, had not yet acted the question ordination, and that the only question then before was that licensing perform marriages. However, when the Mission Council again met, April, 1898, the ques- tion the ordination J. William was formally presented and debated, and the final vote stood two for the motion recommend for ordination and three against it. Schmidt, who was absent from this meeting, was known favor the ordina- tion, and matter courtesy his vote was recorded the affirmative. The officers the Mission Council now declared themselves ready ordain J. William, the Board ordered; 1 "Garu" signifies Mr. ? Subsequently returned and was ordained Rajahmundry.

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but instead renewing its former action, rescinded it, a meeting held May 23, 1898, and authorized and instructed Schmidt and Isaacson "to ordain J. William the office the holy ministry, said ordination take place the presence of the missionaries such time and place the circum- stances the case may demand. " was this order the Board that led the resignation four its missionaries, Kuder, McCready, Mueller and Arps, who resented the Board's nullification the constituted authority the Mission. Kuder, who had not been well for some time, left Rajah- mundry November 1, 1898, and returned with his family to the United States. sought and obtained audience with the Board its meeting January 16, 189g. The Board, however, refused hear him concerning the matter in question between the Board and four its missionaries, whereupon Kuder handed over the written resignations his charge. Arps meanwhile had written the Board, asking that his signature the paper presented Kuder erased, and that his resignation withdrawn. Jeriprolu William was ordained, ordered the Board, on January 8, 1899, Dr. Schmidt and Rev. Mr. Isaacson, assisted the Revs. P. Holler and E. Pohl. was forty years old when was ordained, having been born Guntur in 1859. At special meeting the Board, January 30, 1899, the resignation Kuder was accepted take effect Decem- ber 1st, that year, with sick-leave allowance one-half salary and with permission deliver addresses America the interest foreign missions under special financial arrange- ment with the pastors congregations inviting him. Mec- Cready's and Mueller's resignations were also accepted take effect April 1, 1899. its meeting February 26th, that year, the Board resolved cut the Gordian knot sus- pending the Mission Council India, and the notification its suspension was cabled the Mission. This most unfortunate state affairs was reported full by the Board the General Council Chicago, 1899,

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which resolved direct the Board send suitable person to India special agent settle the difficulties there. The action the Board accepting the resignations three of its missionaries was approved, was also the ordination J. William, with expression regret that such im- portant step had been taken "while the Mission Council India had postponed its final vote the recommendation of the candidate. "! 1 The General Council adopted the following resolution: "When native pastors are needed for the pastoral care congregations, the ordained mem- bers the Mission Council, who are entitled vote, shall examine and pro- pose the candidate for ordination the Board Foreign Missions; and two-thirds said ordained members the Mission Council agree such recommendation, and the Board Foreign Missions, two-thirds vote, decide favor the applicant, the Board shall authorize the ordained officers of the Conference ordain the candidate member 'The Telugu Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church India. " one shall ordained except for the direct ministration the pastoral office. "