Section 60 (Page 289)
THALETIS EX AQUA
COSMOGONIA.
maverunt; et pro secundis diis, earn, quae est extra Pleroma, uaii x?ui. matris ipsorum enarrant dispositionem, secundam Ogdoaden vo- ^.JJi,'*- '• cantes earn ; ex qua mundi fabricationem, et plasmationem hominum similiter atque ille 'annunciant, inenarrabilia et incog nita mysteria solos se dicentes scire : quae ubique in theatris ab hypocritis splendidissimis vocibus comcedisantur, transferentes in suum argumentum, imo vero eisdem argunientis docentes, tantum immutantea nomina.
Et non solum quae apud Comicos posita sunt arguuntur quasi propria proferentes ; sed etiam quae apud omnes, qui Deum ignorant, et qui dicuntur Philosophi, sunt dicta, haec congregant et quasi centonem ex multis et pessimis panniculis consarcientes, 2finctum superficium subtili eloquio sibiipsis praeparaverunt: novam quidem introducentes doctrinam, propterea quod nunc nova arte
substituta sit: veterem autem et inutilem, quoniam quidem de veteribus dogmatibus ignorantiam et irreligiositatem olentibus, haec eadem 3subsuta sunt.
4Thales quidem Milesius universorum generationem et initium aquam dixit esse.
Idem autem est dicere 6aquam et Bythum.
"Homerus autem poeta Oceanum deorum 1 annunciant.
Codd.CLAROM.Vo88. ieypkriO els, "EXX^cri thvtt\% tt\% naBfoews afrtos TrpCnos ylyverai'
. . . eyfrero Si Kara Kpoiaov.
HlPPOL. Ph. LI.
He and Mkrc. n. have annunciantes.
* Jinctum supcrficium.
Editors give derived much of his system from Assy ria.
Grote'b Hist, of Greece, Pt. n. c. 19.
Osiris in the Egyptian system was the to superficium, the sense of an upper garment, on the strength of the doubt ful use of superficies in two passages of Tertullian's treatise de Cullu Fcemiaqueous principle : rbv yap 'Qicewor narum, II, 13.
It is probable that the "Oo-ipiv tfoat, tt\v Si Tti6vv 'low. Plut. de Is. et Os.
34, for which reason Hellanitranslator read imroMp instead of the author's word iwifioK^v, and that the Latin word was coined pro re nula, see cus spelled the name "Taipis: ibid.
The god Helios also was represented not in note 2, p. 4. ir\a<TTdi> iirijio\iiv may ex a chariot but in a ship.
8 Thales, perhaps, still held that press the original.
8 substUa. inrep'fiijpv, as in Euripi there was a Supreme Mind who created all things from a first aqueous principle ; at least Cicero says, A quam dixit Thales des, rt Spdffojv rbvSe irjrofipdirTeis \6yov.
Ale. 537. For olentibus the Ar. MS. reads esse initium rerum, Deum autem earn inolentibus, which became nolentibus in Voss. and Merc. n. mentem, qua ex aqua cuncta finyerct. de * Thales.
Aeyerai GaXiji' rbv MiXt)Pf. Deor.
1. 10, although others charge him with atheism.
The reader is refer ffiov eVa twv eVri <TO<f>u)v irp£)Tov tiriKered to Aribtot.
Met. I.
3, Cic. de Div.
XetpV^yai (pCKo<ro(plav (pvatK^v.
Ovtos 1. 10, Plutarch de Plac. Phil, nx, Lactant. de Fals.Rel. I., Laert.i.
24 —27.
8 Homerus.
Ik irXtibvwv Si Kal ipiO- (tf}tj apxty T°v tt&vtos efoai kcU re\os to SSup .... Bebv Si tovto (foal, to p-irr' ipxV prffrt TtXeuTT)» txov.
Ovtos irepl TOP twv &o~Tpbtv \byov Kal tV ^fyrrjffiv pirrrCiv Svoiv uiv, yrjs tc Kal Marot, t&
ANAXIMANDRI
TO AHEIPON.
LiB.n.xv»i. genesin, et matrem Thetin dogmatizavit : quae quidem hi in *»?aml*i!"
Bythum et Sigen transtulerunt.
Anaximander autem hoc quod *"'• '• immensum est omnium initium subjecit, seminaliter habens in semetipso omnium genesin, ex quo immensos mundos constare ait : et hoc autem in Bythum et in iEonas ipsorum transfiguraverunt.
2Anaxagoras autem, qui et Atheus cognominatus est, material atheist by Plutarch, de Plac.
Ska avvearriKivai <pT]<rh6 xoiirrfjs "Ofiypos, Philos. I. iii.
'Ava^luavSpbs (pyatv tQp Sre pi* kiywv, Svtuv rty dpxhv chat rb Aireipov, ix yap 'QKcavbv re ScCov ytvt<rw, Kal pn/ripa Inro&rov irdvra yevio&ai, Kal els tovto Buy, — 77.
201. rori Si, 'AW bfiiU fiiv trims vSup Kal yala yirdvra <p8(lpetr8ai' kiyti ofo'Sii ti ireipbv iaTiv, ha /xtj ikkeiry ^ yiveais ij voi<T0c.—II. if, 99. iitputrauivr)' ap.aprdvci Si ovtos, t^v niv Hippoltt.
PhUo».
7. vkrjv dirorpaivbficvos, rb Si voiovv alrtov Elsewhere the following verse is quoted dvaipdv, rb Si i-xeipov ovbiv SXko, tj vkv iarh.
It is also observable that as
to the same purpose :
'(iKeavbs ybieals re ffeuv, yiveals r" drAnaxagoras incurred the charge of aBp&ruv.—Il.
{', J46.
Ph. Tin. II. theism, by denying that any divine In the Timeeus, Oceanus and Tethys ivepyela was inherent in the planetary are the offspring of Ttj Kal Ovpavbs, simi worlds, &c, so this teacher, really and larly Simon Magus, p. 229, n. 4.
1 Anaximander.
' essentially an atheist, passed for a theist, Ava^lp-avSpos .... as believing the worlds, on the Idiopa apxty £<Pv twv ivruv <pvjw Tiva tov airdthic principle, to be gods, so ClCF.RO pov, i£ ys yheoBat tovs ovpavovs Kal tov says of him, Anaximandri opinio est tv avroU Kbfffiov.
Tavrrjv 5' dtSiov ehai nativos esse deos, longis ititcrvallts orienKal ayfyw, yv Kal wdvras irepitxCLV Tovs tes occUlentesque eosque innumerabiUs esse Kbo-fiovs .... Ovros p.h> apxrjv Kal o~toimundos. de N. D. I.
10.
A generative Xtiov efpjjKc t&v Svriov rb dvcipov, irpCyros principle was also inherent in matter ; roOvofia Kakivas tt)s dpx%s.
Hpbs Si EUSEBIU8 says that he taught ybvipa/ Tovrip KlvrjtTtv difiwv chat, iv jj (rv/ifiatvei. tov Bepuov Kal rf/vxpov Kara rijv ybteaw ylveaBai Tod* ovpavovs .... ovtos iyivtro tovtov tov Koauov ajroKpi6rjvai.
Preep.
Kara tros rplrov ri}$ TeoaapaKoaTijs SevEv. 1.8. In two particulars, Anaximander Tipas'Okv/xwidSos.
Hippoltt.
Philos. I. indicated certain theories of geology : in This infinite first principle was in his the successive composition and dissolu system senseless matter, and not intel tion of an iireipla of worlds, and in the ligent mind.
Hence, as Pythagoras statement that the first animals upon believed fire to be the source of all, and our globe were strange aquatic animals, '
Thales water, and Xenagoras earth, so slimy and full of spines.
Ava^tpuivSpos Anaximenes, following Anaximander, be iv vyp$ ycwT)d9p>ai rd rpwTa ftuo, <p\cnois lieved that the atmosphere, a boundless vepiexop.eva aKOvQibSctri, vpo^awoOo-iis Si T7)s TjXiKlas, airofialvew iirl t6 ^TjpbTcpov, k.t.\.
The reader may consult Aristot. expanse, as the ancients supposed it to be, was the first principle.
HlPPOLYTUS
Phys. ausc. m. 4, Laekt.
11. 1, Pldt. however charges Anaximander with this idea ; 'Ara&tarfyos Si i( aipos .... direde Plac.
Phil.
3, Just. M.
Coh. 4, tfrfivaro rfjv yivejw.
Philos. X. 6.
And Cickro, de Nat.
Dear.
I., ascribes the Cicero, Acad.
Qu. iv.
37.
Anaxagoras, qui et Atheus, see Hippoltt.
PA.
The philosopher same notion to Anaximenes. Anaximan scarcely deserved so hard a name.
He der, however, is declared to be a mere
ANAXAGORiK
SEMINA.
dogmatizavit facta animalia 'decidentibus e coelo in terram lib.ii.xviu.
OR. II. xix. setninibus : quod et hi ipsi in Matris suae transtulerunt semina, et
MASS. II.
xiv.
2. esse hoc semen seipsos : statim confitentes apud eos, qui sensum habent, et ipsos esse quae sunt Anaxagorse irreligiosi semina.
Umbram autem et vacuum ipsorum a Democrito et 2Epio. i4i. euro sumentes sibimetipsis aptaverunt, cum illi primum multum sermonem confecerint de vacuo et de atomis, 3quorum alterum pl£ei tQv ivtipav.
Aribtot. Pkyi. I. 5 ; was, in fact, the first of the Ionic phi losophers who stemmed the tide of i. e. things were denominated according to the quality of the predominant ele atheism, by the introduction of mind as the first principle.
Plato, in the ments.
This then will be the meaning of Hippolttos when he says respecting Anaxagoras that he affirmed all things Cratylus and in the Pkcedo, ascribes to him belief in one Supreme Intellect. to be engendered, i£ bpolwv toU yewwpJNous 6 Siaxocpum tc Kal ttovtuv atrios, voit, ol Si irepj tov AripJ>Kpvrov Kal 'Ejtikouwhich intellect was pdvov tuiv Svtwv
poVf i£ avDuoLuv.
Ph. X. 7, see p. 282, n. 2.
1 i. e. from pre-existent homoeomeric axXouV Kal ipuyij xal KaBapbv, the only simple unmixed substance in existence, and as Aristotle adds, it was also a particles.
* Epicuro.
So Hippolttos, 'kpxat piv twv SXcjv vridero drbpovt Kal xevov. principle of moral good : '
A.va£ay6pas to oXtlov tov koX&s Kal SpBus vow \4yei, and it was ipa tov xa\ws airta xal roiJLevbv phr otov rbirov twv io-opevwv, drbavrn 6$ev ij Klvrjais im&pxei. deAn.l.
1, povs Si r))v vXriv, i£ rjs to. Trdvra T4t Si drbpovs, to Xcrropepio-TaTov, Kal p*0'
Again, 'hva^aybpas ist Ktvovv to ayaffbv ipxh"' i yap vovs xuici, 4XX4 Ktvet tvexi ov ovx hv yivoLTO Kivrpov oiiSi o-rjpetov twos, afore irepov, Met.
14, i. e. it was ovSiv, ovSi Sialpeait ovSepla (tpv tlvat, not only a principle of power but also Stb Kal aropovs auras bivbpaae.
He draws of Divine Intelligence.
Ciceho also says of Anaxagoras that, primus omnium realso the true distinction of the term tiSovti, as used by Epicurus, which ho nourably distinguishes the teacher from rum descriptionem et modum mentis infi nite vi ac ratixme dctignari et confici voluit. de Nat. Dcor. I.
Still Anaxago his followers. dXXoi Si dXXws to Svopa Trp TiSovrjs i(i\afiov piv yap Kara (ffvy rat iwiOvplas, ol SI M tj Apery ^Sortjr.
Pkilotoph.
1. de Epic.
The Arund. ras was generally ranked by his suc ol cessors as among the &$coi from the simple fact that he denied that any Di adopted.
The com pound verb waB probably written by the author. reading confecerint is vine Numen existed in the several plane tary worlds, but that the sun, for in quorum alterum — appdlaverunt.
These words may be illustrated by what stance, wasamere pvSpov Stdrvpov or fiery
globe.
The principal peculiarity of the Anaxagorean theory was that the Atoms of which all composite bodies are
H1PPOLTTU8
says concerning Democritus; Xiyei Si ipoiwt AcvkItitw irepl formed, are Spoiopxpeii, that bone is OTOixcitov, wX-Jipovs Kal xevov, to piiv composed of bony atoms, flesh of fleshy, horn of homy, red, blue, green, &c. of like coloured atoms, and therefore tov rXijpes Xiyuv ov, tA Si Ktvbv ovk 6v.
The inane of Epicurus was the tAtos of Plato, e. space circumclusive of mat i.
4v vdvri ptplxOai, St6ri rav 4k tovtSs ter.
So Lr/CR.
Quapropter loan est inylverat, tpaiveaOai Si t4 Siaipfpovra, Kal tactus, inane, vacamque.
335, &c. nooaayopeveo-Bai trtpa aXXrjXuJv, ix rod tpatium quod inane wcaLocus et pdXurra virept\ovTot 5i4 rb rXij$os, iv rfj MM*.
427.
DEMOCRITI ET PLATONIS
IDE2E.
LiB.n.xviii. quidem quid esse vocaverunt, alterum vero, 'hoc quod non est, 'mass a1aPPeuaverunt : quemadmodum et hi esse quidem ilia, qurc sunt xiv 3intra Pleroma, vocant, quemadmodum illi atoinos ; non esse autem hsec, quae sunt extra Pleroma, quemadmodum illi vacuum.
Semetipsos ergo in hoc mundo, cum sint extra Pleroma, in locum qui non est deputaverunt.
Quod autem dicunt 2 imagines esse haec eorum quae sunt, rursus manifestissime Democriti et Platonis sententiam edisserunt.
3Democritus enim primus ait, multas et varias ab universitate 4 figuras expressas descendisse in hunc mun 1 Massuet cancels hoc, but it is that has been revived in more modern times, that all objects of sense are un retained as found in the Clebm. and Abund. MSS.
So Plato defined matter real and imaginary, and that we know of the intel nothing but that which as to ytyvbpevov pAv dei, ov Si ovSiirore. is lect. His words, &>rots Kavbai, are quoted Tim. p. in.
a According to Plato the prototypal by Sextus Empiricus, \{yet Si Kara pit A^{o>, Yvwptjs Si Sio dalv ISiai' ideas eternally subsisting in the nature ij Si itkotIv' ko.1 aKorlrjs pbf rdSe of the Deity, were the origin of form yvi\a[t), i) and order.
Plato taught the Gnostics aipiravra, Stpis, &Kori, 6Sp.ii, ycvtns, ipaiiSi yvqirit) airoKeKpupfjiivT) Si ravto believe that matter was eternal ; for ffts" i\ tijj. adv.
Mathem. vii.
138.
Again, with him also chaos was still antecedent § r35> other words of Democritus to order, and devoid of God's presence : m § are cited, saying that the sensible objects of this ynipri o-kotIv are mere idola speore 5* iirexeipeiTO Kocpeiir6aL t6 ttov, vup TTpwrov Kal yrp> Kal dipa Kal vSup, txyV cus, to use the Baconian term, and p.h ixoyTa a&rQ* &TTO. tainairaaiv p.riv creations of the fancy.
JW/iiV y\vKi>, oia.Kdi.Ltva, waiTip eUbs £xcu> a*.irav Srav irfj tlvos 9e6s, k.t.X.
Tim. p.
53 ; and Kal vbpjp TTLKpbv vbfup utppbv, vbpup ipvxpbv vbp.tp XP01V' ahia Si aropov koX so PlutaBCH says, uXi;». . . . ob yivopivrpi biroKeiptivriv id Tip Sr;piovpy<p is Ktvbv Strip vopX^eroL piv ehai Kal 5oi~dferai tA alffOrjrd, ouk tori Si Kar' d\7jSidBtaiv Kal rd^tv ai/rijj Tcapatrxfiv
'■PLUT.
Sctav raOra.
The difference therefore de gen. Ani. between the ISiai of Democbitus and Plato 3 Democritus was another teacher very wide and marked; the is of fiat atheism, making senseless atoms former imagined an ideal world in which to be the first principle of all existing nothing was real, the latter believed in substance; that one body acted upon an ideal world, the archetype of the another by a kind of eternal necessity, realities amidst which we live.
It in is there being no prime mover, no irpSnov allusion to these notions of Democritus Kivoiv (see Abistot.
Phys. vm. t, § 3 that Cicero says, Primum igitur aut and 37, and VII. 1).
As Lucretius has negandum est deus esse, quod Democritut it, expressed Epicurus imagines inducens, simulacra et Sed quia multimodis, multis, mutata per quodam pacto negat.
N. D. II. 30.
omne Ex infinite vexantur percita plagif, It to be observed that as Plato
is considered the prototypal ISiat to have ccetus experiundo, et Omne genus motus a divine nature, from their eternal sub Tandem deveniunt in talcs disposituros, sistence in the divine mind, so Demo Qualibushacrebus consistU summacreata. critus taught that forms of a divine I. 1015.
Democritus also first broached the idea character existed in space, which were