22:1-9Why were there so many specific guidelines for the priests? The Israelites would have been quite familiar with priests from Egypt. Egyptian priests were mainly interested in politics. They viewed religion as a way to gain power. Thus, the Israelites would have been suspicious of the establishment of a new priestly order. But God wanted his priests to serve him and the people. Their duties were religious—to help people draw near to God and worship him. They could not use their position to gain power because they were not allowed to own land or take money from anyone. All these guidelines reassured the people and helped the priests accomplish their purpose.
Life Application Study BibleLeviticusChapter 22
Leviticus 22
New Living Translation · Life Application Study Bible · Original pages: 188, 189, 190
A few verse numbers on this page were hard to read in the scan and are marked with a dotted underline — compare with the original page image if in doubt.
1The LORD said to Moses, 2“Tell Aaron and his sons to be very careful with the sacred gifts that the Israelites set apart for me, so they do not bring shame on my holy name. I am the LORD. 3Give them the following instructions. “In all future generations, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean when he approaches the sacred offerings that the people of Israel consecrate to the LORD, he must be cut off from my presence. I am the LORD. 4"If any of Aaron’s descendants has a skin disease* or any kind of discharge that makes him ceremonially unclean, he may not eat from the sacred offerings until he has been pronounced clean. He also becomes unclean by touching a corpse, or by having an emission of semen, Sor by touching a small animal that is unclean, or by touching someone who is ceremonially unclean for any reason. 6The man who is defiled in any of these ways will remain unclean until evening. He may not eat from the sacred offerings until he has bathed himself in water. 7When the sun goes down, he will be ceremonially clean again and may eat from the sacred offerings, for this is his food. He may not eat an animal that has died a natural death or has been torn apart by wild animals, for this would defile him. I am the LORD. 9“The priests must follow my instructions carefully. Otherwise they will be punished for their sin and will die for violating my instructions. I am the LORD who makes them holy. 10“No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offerings. Even guests and hired workers in a priest’s home are not allowed to eat them. 1*However, if the priest buys a slave for himself, the slave may eat from the sacred offerings. And if his slaves have children, they also may share his food. ‘If a priest’s daughter marries someone outside the priestly family, she may no tonger eat the sacred offerings. '9But if she becomes a widow or is divorced and has no children to support her, and she returns to live in her father’s home as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food again. Otherwise, no one outside a priest's family may eat the sacred offerings. 14" Any such person who eats the sacred offerings without realizing it must pay the priest for the amount eaten, plus an additional 20 percent. The priests must not let the Israelites defile the sacred offerings brought to the LORD ‘by allowing unauthorized people to eat them. This would bring guilt upon them and require them to pay compensation. I am the LORD who makes them holy.”
Worthy and Unworthy Offerings
1717And the LORD said to Moses, 18“Give Aaron and his sons and all the Israelites these instructions, which apply both to native Israelites and to the foreigners living among you. “If you present a gift as a burnt offering to the LORD, whether it is to fulfill a vow or is a voluntary offering,!?you* will be accepted only if your offering is a male animal with no defects. It may be a bull, a ram, or a male goat. 20Do not present an animal with defects, because the LORD will not accept it on your behalf. 2\"If you present a peace offering to the LORD from the herd or the flock, whether it is to fulfill a vow or is a voluntary offering, you must offer a perfect animal. It may have no defect of any kind. 22You must not offer an animal that is blind, crippled, or injured, or that has an oozing sore, a skin sore, or scabs. Such animals must never be offered on the altar as special gifts to the LORD. 23If a bull* or lamb has a leg that is too long or too short, it may be offered as a voluntary offering, but it may not be offered to fulfill a vow. 24If an animal has damaged testicles or is castrated, you may not offer it to the LORD. You must never do this in your own land, 25and you must not accept such an animal from foreigners and then offer it as a sacrifice to your God. Such animals will not be accepted on your behalf, for they are mutilated or defective.” 26And the LORD said to Moses, 27“When a calf or lamb or goat is born, it must be left with its mother for seven days. From the eighth day on, it will be acceptable as a special gift to the LORD. 28But you must not slaughter a mother animal and her offspring on the same day, whether from the herd or the flock. 29When you bring a thanksgiving offering to the LORD, sacrifice it properly so you will be accepted. 30Eat the entire sacrificial animal on the day itis presented. Do not leave any of it until the next morning. I am the LORD. 31You must faithfully keep all my commands by putting them into practice, for I am the LORD. 32Do not bring shame on my holy name, for I will display my holiness among the people of Israel. 1am the LORD who makes you holy. 32It was I who rescued you from the land of Egypt, that I might be your God. I am the LORD.”
Textual footnotes
- 22:4 Traditionally rendered /eprosy; see note on 13:2a.
- 22:19 Or it, 22:23 Or cow.
Life Application Notes 2 notes
22:19-25Animals with defects were not acceptable as sacrifices because they did not represent God's holy nature. Furthermore, the animal had to be without defect in order to foreshadow the Perfect, sinless tife of Jesus Christ. When we give our best time, talent, and treasure to God rather than what is tarnished or common, we demonstrate the true meaning of worship and testify to God’s supreme worth. What kind of quality can people see in your service and giving?
Charts, profiles & sidebars from the printed pages
Study feature · page 189
THE FESTIVALS Besides enjoying one Sabbath day of rest each week, the Israelites also enjoyed 19 days when national holdiays were celebrated.
What It Celebrated When God spared the lives of Israel’s firstborn children in Egypt and freed the Hebrews from slavery The exodus from Egypt The first crops of the barley harvest The end of the barley harvest and beginning of the wheat harvest The beginning of the seventh month (civil new year) The removal of sin from the people and the nation God’s protection and guidance in the wilderness
Its Importance Reminded the people of God’s deliverance Reminded the people they were leaving the old life behind and entering a new way of living Reminded the people how God provided for them Showed joy and thanksgiving over the bountiful harvest Expressed joy and thanksgiving to God Restored fellowship with God Renewed Israel’s commitment to God and trust in his guidance and protection
Festival Passover One day (Leviticus 23:5) Unleavened Bread Seven days (Leviticus 23:6-8) First Harvest One day (Leviticus 23:9-14) Harvest (Pentecost) One day (Leviticus 23:15-22) Trumpets One day (Leviticus 23:23-25) Day of Atonement One day (Leviticus 23:26-32) Shelters Seven days (Leviticus 23:33-43)