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1 Samuel 20

Life Application Study Bible1 SamuelChapter 20

1 Samuel 20

New Living Translation · Life Application Study Bible · Original pages: 443, 444, 445

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201 Samuel 20

1Jonathan Helps David. 2David now fled from Naioth in Ramah and found Jonathan. “What have I done?” he exclaimed. “What is my crime? How have I offended your father that he is so determined to kill me?” 2“That's not true!” Jonathan protested. “ You're not going to die. He always tells me everything he’s going to do, even the little things. I know my father wouldn't hide something like this from me. It just isn’t so!” 3Then David took an oath before Jonathan and said, “Your father knows perfectly well about our friendship, so he has said to himself, ‘I won't tell Jonathan—why should I hurt him? But I swear to you that I am only a step away from death! I swear it by the LORD and by your own soul!” 4Tell me what I can do to help you,” Jonathan exclaimed. SDavid replied, “Tomorrow we celebrate the new moon festival. I’ve always eaten with the king on this occasion, but tomorrow I'll hide in the field and stay there until the evening of the third day. If your father asks where I am, tell him I asked permission to go home to Bethlehem for an annual family sacrifice. 7If he says, ‘Fine!’ you will know all is well. But if he is angry and loses his temper, you will know he is determined to kill me. Show me this loyalty as my sworn friend—for we made a solemn pact before the LORD—or kill me yourself if I have sinned against your father. But please don’t betray me to him!” 9“Never!” Jonathan exclaimed. “ You know that if Ihad the slightest notion my father was planning to kill you, I would tell you at once.” 10Then David asked, “How will I know whether or not your father is angry?” 11Come out to the field with me,” Jonathan replied. And they went out there together. 12Then Jonathan told David, “I promise by the LORD, the God of Israel, that by this time tomorrow, or the next day at the latest, I will talk to my father and let you knowat once how he feels about you. If he speaks favorably about you, I will let you know. 13But if he is angry and wants you killed, may the LORD strike me and even kill me if I don’t warn you so you can escape and live. May the LORD be with you as he used to be with my father. And may you treat me with the faithful love of the LORD as long as I live. But if I die, ‘Streat my family with this faithful love, even when the LORD destroys all your enemies from the face of the earth.” 46So Jonathan made a solemn pact with David,* saying, “May the LORD destroy all your enemies!” 17And Jonathan made David reaffirm his vow of friendship again, for Jonathan loved David as he loved himself. 18Then Jonathan said, “Tomorrow we celebrate the new moon festival. You will be missed when your place at the table is empty. *9The day after tomorrow, toward evening, go to the place where you hid before, and wait there by the stone pile.* 20I will come out and shoot three arrows to the side of the stone pile as though I were shooting at a target. 21Then I will send a boy to bring the arrows back. If you hear me tell him, ‘They're on this side,’ then you will know, as surely as the LORD lives, that all is well, and there is no trouble. 22But if I tell him, ‘Go farther—the arrows are still ahead of you,’ then it will mean that you must leave immediately, for the LORD is sending you away. 23And may the LORD make us keep our promises to each other, for he has witnessed them.” 24So David hid himself in the field, and when the new moon festival began, the king sat down to eat. 25He sat at his usual place against the wall, with Jonathan sitting opposite him* and Abner beside him. But David’s place was empty. 26Saul didn’t say anything about it that day, for he said to himself, “Something must have made David ceremonially unclean.” 27But when David’s place was empty again the next day, Saul asked Jonathan, “Why hasn't the son of Jesse been here for the meal either yesterday or today?” 28fonathan replied, “David earnestly asked me if he could go to Bethlehem. 29He said, ‘Please let me go, for we are having a family sacrifice. My brother demanded that I be there. So please let me get away to see my brothers.’ That’s why he isn’t here at the king’s table.” 30Saul boiled with rage at Jonathan. “You stupid son of a whore!’”* he swore at him. “Do you think I don’t know that you want him to be king in your place, shaming yourself and your mother? 31As long as that son of Jesse is alive, you'll never be king. Now go and get him so I can kill him!” 32”But why should he be put to death?” Jonathan asked his father. “ What has he done?” 33Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan, intending to kill him. So at last Jonathan realized that his father was really determined to kill David. 34Jonathan left the table in fierce anger and refused to eat on that second day of the festival, for he was crushed by his father’s shameful behavior toward David. 35The next morning, as agreed, Jonathan went out into the field and took a young boy with him to gather his arrows. 36“Start running,” he told the boy, “so you can find the arrows as I shoot them.” So the boy ran, and Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him. 37When the boy had almost reached the arrow, Jonathan shouted, “The arrow is still ahead of you. 38Hurry, hurry, don’t wait.” So the boy quickly gathered up the arrows and ran back to his master. 39He, of course, suspected nothing; only Jonathan and David understood the signal. 40Then Jonathan gave his bow and arrows to the boy and told him to take them back to town. 41As soon as the boy was gone, David came out from where he had been hiding near the stone pile.* Then David bowed three times to Jonathan with his face to the ground. Both of them were in tears as they embraced each other and said good-bye, especially David. 42At last Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, for we have sworn loyalty to each other in the LORD’s name. The LORD is the witness of a bond between us and our children forever.” Then David left, and Jonathan returned to the town.* 4. Saul pursues David

Textual footnotes

  1. 20:16 Hebrew with the house of David.
  2. 20:19 Hebrew the stone Ezel. The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.
  3. 20:25 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads with Jonathan standing.
  4. 20:30 Hebrew You son of a perverse and rebellious woman.
  5. 20:41 As in Greek version; Hebrew reads near the south edge.
  6. 20:42 This sentence is numbered 21:1 in Hebrew

Life Application Notes 4 notes

20:5At the beginning of each month, the Israelites gathered to celebrate the new moon festival. While this was mainly a time to be enjoyed, it was also a way to dedicate the next month to God. Other nations had celebrations during the full moon and worshiped the moon itself. The Israelites, however, celebrated their festival at the time of the new moon, when the moon was not visible in the sky. This was an added precaution against false worship. Nothing in the creation is to be worshiped—only the Creator.

20:15Jonathan asked David to keep a promise to treat his children kindly in the future. Years later David took great pains to fulfill this promise: He invited Jonathan's son Mephibosheth into his palace to live (2 Samuel 9).

20:26Because the new moon festival involved making a sacrifice to God (Numbers 28:11-15), those attending the festival had to be ceremonially clean according to God’s laws (Exodus 19:10; Leviticus 15; Numbers 19:11-22; also see the note on Joshua 3:5). This cleansing involved washing the body and clothes before approaching God to offer a sacrifice. The outward cleansing was a symbol of the inward desire for a purified heart and right relationship with God. Today our hearts are purified by faith in God through the death of Jesus Christ on our behalf (Hebrews 10:10, 22) and by reading and heeding God's Word (John 17:17).

20:31,32Saul was still trying to secure his throne for future generations even though he had already been told his dynasty would end with him (13:13, 14). Even worse, he was trying to do this by sinful human means because he knew he would get no help from God. Jonathan could have made a move to become the next king by killing his rival, but he bypassed this opportunity because of his love for both God and David (23:16-18). ene a DAVID’S ESCAPE David learned of Saul’s plans to kill him and fled to Samuel at Ramah. Returning to Gibeah to say good-bye to Jonathan, he then escaped to Nob, where he received food and a sword from the priest. He then fled to Gath in Philistine territory. When the Philistines became suspicious, he escaped to the cave of Adullam, where many men joined him.

Charts, profiles & sidebars from the printed pages

Personality profile · page 445

Loyalty is one of life’s most costly qualities; it is the most selfless part of love. To be loyal, you cannot live only for yourself, Loyal people not only stand by their commitments; they are willing to suffer for them. Jonathan is a shining example of loyalty. Sometimes he was forced to deal with conflicting loyalties: to his father, Saul, and to his friend David. His solution to that conflict teaches us both how to be loyal and what must guide loyalty. In Jonathan, truth always guided loyalty. Jonathan realized that the source of truth was God, who demanded his ultimate loyalty. It was his relationship with God that gave Jonathan the ability to deal effectively with the complicated situations in his life. He was loyal to Saul because Saul was his father and the king. He was loyal to David because David was his friend. His loyalty to God guided him through the conflicting demands of his human relationships. The conflicting demands of our relationships challenge us as well. If we attempt to settle these conflicts only at the human level, we will be constantly dealing with a sense of betrayal. But if we communicate to our friends that our ultimate loyalty is to God and his truth, many of our choices will be much clearer. The truth in his Word, the Bible, will bring light to our decisions. Do those closest to you know who has your greatest loyalty? Strengths and ° Brave, loyal, and a natural leader accomplishments —_—e The closest friend David ever had © Did not put his personal well-being ahead of those he loved

• Depended on God

Lessons from his life Vital statistics

• Loyalty is one of the strongest parts of courage;

• An allegiance to God puts all other relationships in perspective *® Great friendships are costly

• Occupation: Military leader

• Relatives: Father: Saul. Mother: Ahinoam. Brothers: Abinadab, Malkishua. Sisters: Merab, Michal. Son: Mephibosheth

“How I weep for you, my brother Jonathan! Oh, how much I loved you! And your love for me was deep, deeper than the love of women! (2 Samuel 1:26).

Key verse

His story is told in 1 Samuel 13—31. He is also mentioned in 2 Samuel 9.

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of a good soldier to deceive the enemy. But nowhere is David's lie condoned. In fact, the opposite is true because his lie ted to the death of 85 priests (22:9-19). David’s small lie seemed harmless enough, but it led to tragedy. The Bible makes it very clear that lying is wrong (Leviticus 19:11). Lying, like every other sin, is serious in God’s sight and may lead to all sorts of harmful consequences. Don't minimize or categorize sins. All sins must be avoided whether or not we can foresee their potential consequences.

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