92SermonsofJonathanEdwards (continued)
From what the apostle says in the text, he seems to have a special regard for the last two cited passages: to what God said to Moses in the fifteenth verse, and to what He said to Pharaoh in the seventeenth verse. God said to Moses, "I will have mercy on whom I have mercy." The apostle refers to this in the first part of our text. And we also know that it often said about Pharaoh, that "God hardened his heart." And Paul seems to have focused on this fact in the latter part of the text; "and He hardens whom He wants to harden." Now, from all of this we can observe two basic facts:
1. God's deals differently with men-He has mercy on some, and He hardens others.
When God is spoken of as hardening the hearts of some men, it is not to be understood that God was, in any way, the agent or direct cause of the hardening any man's heart. There is no positive act by God in the hardening process. To suppose any such thing would be to make God the immediate author of sin.
God is said to harden men in two ways:
A. First, by withholding the powerful influences of His Spirit, without which their hearts will remain hardened, and grow harder and harder-in this sense God hardens them, as He leaves them in their hardness.
B. Secondly, God hardens men, by providentially ordering things which, by the continued sin of man, becomes the reason for their hardening. Thus God sends His word and commands to men and women which, they then ignore, thereby, confirming their hardening. So the apostle Paul said, that the gospel message he preached was to some people "the smell of death."
So God is represented as sending Isaiah to the people, to "Make the heart of the people calloused; make their ears dull and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed." [Isaiah 6:10]