Chapter 6: The Sources of Theology
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The Sources of Theology
Christian theology, like most disciplines, draws upon a number of sources. There has been considerable discussion within the Christian tradition concerning the identity of these sources, their relative importance for theological analysis, and how they are to be used in theological reflection. The present chapter aims to explore the identity of these sources and to provide an assessment of their potential for a constructive theology.
Broadly speaking, four main sources have been acknowledged within the Christian tradition. These are sometimes referred to as the “Wesleyan Quadrilateral” and are characteristic of Methodism, which is based on the writings of John Wesley (1703–91). Wesley held that the living core of the Christian faith was revealed in Scripture, illuminated by tradition, brought to life in personal experience, and confirmed by reason. Yet, although Wesley is an example of a theologian who integrated all four sources of theology, these are best seen as representative of Christian theology as a whole, rather than any specific denomination or school. The major questions concern how these four sources – as listed below – relate to one another.
Though not regarded as being of equal importance, each of these sources has a distinct contribution to make within the discipline of theology and will be considered in detail in what follows.