Chapter 3: The Age of Reformation, c.1500–c.1750
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The Age of Reformation, c.1500–c.1750
Christian theology underwent major development and transformation during the Middle Ages. At its height, this period produced some highly significant contributions to Christian theology, several of which – especially those of Thomas Aquinas (c.1225–74) – remain widely discussed today. Yet, by the end of the Middle Ages, there was pressure for change. The Renaissance consolidated its hold on many centers of theological education and scholarship, creating pressure for new theological paradigms and expressions. Humanist writers disliked the complexity of scholasticism and preferred direct engagement with the New Testament or with the writings of leading patristic writers, such as Jerome (c.347–420) or Augustine (354–430). The scene was set for a major shift in the methods, concepts, and vocabulary of Christian theology in western Europe. Historically, this paradigm shift began to take place in the early sixteenth century. The movement in question was complex, yet is often referred to using a single phrase – the Reformation.