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Jonathan Edwards: A Life

George M. Marsden

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Jonathan Edwards: A Life by George M. Marsden (Yale University Press, 2003) — book information, synopsis, full table of contents and author profile at UECF.NET. PDF available; English & Telugu.

Author: George M. Marsden

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Table of Contents

1United States—Clergy—Biography. I. Title.
pp. 5–17 · ≈ 8 min 2wards (1949) was a sketch of Edwards' intellectual life. Patricia Tracy's Jon-
pp. 18–90 · ≈ 229 min 3epidemic broke out. Mather's stance brought bitter popular opposition.
pp. 91–106 · ≈ 55 min 4deﬁne who they were.
pp. 107–122 · ≈ 52 min 5myself more particularly disposed to regard the glories of the world, than to
pp. 123–126 · ≈ 12 min 6delight committing of my soul to him, of which our divines used to speak, and
pp. 127–201 · ≈ 251 min 7session into a hearing. Thomas Clap came with saddlebags loaded with evi-
pp. 202–219 · ≈ 56 min 8Englanders would be called to send troops south in a new colonial war with
pp. 220–290 · ≈ 233 min 9Joshua Gee of Boston's Second Church. Mather had dared to be critical of
pp. 291–296 · ≈ 17 min 10leadership, family resentments may have begun to play a role. Dorothy Ashley
pp. 297–458 · ≈ 514 min 11were breached in Boston it seemed as though there might be no stopping the
pp. 459–507 · ≈ 158 min 12The chariot wheels suggested cycles but also progress. The building was more
pp. 508–522 · ≈ 45 min 13contending with versions of Edwardsean theology he had ﬁrst encountered
pp. 523–536 · ≈ 28 min 14Tradition, and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995),
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 15of pre-Revolutionary eighteenth-century America in The Radicalism of the American Rev-
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 16seldom cited or mentioned John Calvin by name. Edwards' theology was refracted mostly
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 17rigorously attempting to follow the Reformation principle of ''the Bible alone'' as an
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 18(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 19for similar themes.
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 20and the Representation of American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 211654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 1: 559 and passim. This account is heavily
pp. 537–537 · ≈ 4 min 22Valley is a myth.'' Lucas shows that Stoddard at least did not succeed in controlling
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 23source, but his observation is consistent with what else we know of Stoddard. Cf. Perry
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 24Cases of Conscience Respecting the Country (Boston, 1722), 7.
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 25(London, 1860), 207–15, 302–3.
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 26America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 27Given Them (Boston, 1703), 15–16, 17, 19.
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 28York: Knopf, 1994), 11–12.
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 29England Historical and Genealogical Register (1870), 269–70. Given the cruelty of warfare
pp. 538–538 · ≈ 5 min 30inﬂuential Boston pastor of his era.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 31Demos, Unredeemed Captive, 12–39.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 32Demos, Unredeemed Captive, 12–39.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 33perspectives on the Indians' views of the episode.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 34the Memorial Gateway to Jonathan Edwards at the Burying Ground South Windsor, 25 June,
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 35Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 59–63, based on
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 36Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 59–63, based on
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 37low, Jonathan Edwards, 1703–1758: A Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1940), 40–41.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 38Gazette 65 (October 1990): 26–32, attributes it to the eldest sister, Esther, who apparently
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 39Marriage in the Edwards Family in the Early Eighteenth Century,'' New England Historical
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 40Marriage in the Edwards Family in the Early Eighteenth Century,'' New England Historical
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 41Life, 14.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 42Life, 14.
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 43ed. (Amherst: University Massachusetts Press, 1969). Kaplan's notes, 27–67, provide a
pp. 539–539 · ≈ 4 min 44vols. (London, 1809–12), 7: 103, quoted in Philip Greven, The Protestant Temperament:
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 45thy's letters to his family are strikingly more ﬁlled with open expressions of familial
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 46thy's letters to his family are strikingly more ﬁlled with open expressions of familial
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 47Historical Society, Hartford, Conn., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 153–54.
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 4860, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 22, 144–45. Cf. Greven, Protestant Tem-
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 49Timothy in ''Edwardses.''
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 50speculates that the ''erratic strain'' persisted in some of the later Edwards family, including
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 51vol. 3, item 235, Connecticut State Library, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 27.
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 52chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 53chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 54chapter 2. The Overwhelming Question
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 552. ''Personal Narrative'' (ca. 1740), Works, 16: 790–91. Edwards' narrative was appar-
pp. 540–540 · ≈ 4 min 56University Library, quoted in Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 57Seventeenth-Century New England (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 581744/45, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 155.
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 59and Clergy in Eighteenth-Century New England (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 60necticut Historical Society Bulletin 51 (winter 1986): 30.
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 61wardses,'' 83. The inﬂuential Puritan writer William Perkins (1558–1602) referred to this
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 62ing four steps. I have compressed the second, ''realization of God's anger against sin''
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 63Antinomianism in Early Massachusetts (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press,
pp. 541–541 · ≈ 4 min 64Conversion is the individual's experience of that change, usually a gradual process. Often
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 65Heaven,'' 81–118.
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 66Heaven,'' 81–118.
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 671639, but after a few months he decided that even that practice was not pure enough and
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 681639, but after a few months he decided that even that practice was not pure enough and
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 69England (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969). E. Brooks Holiﬁeld, The Covenant
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 70Massachusetts (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), provides a rich account of
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 71the Word of God (London, 1700), 8. On Stoddard's views, see Thomas A. Schafer, ''Sol-
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 72University Press, 1943), 123.
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 73University Press, 1943), 123.
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 74Valley of Discord: Church and Society along the Connecticut River, 1636–1725 (Hanover, N.H.:
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 75Valley of Discord: Church and Society along the Connecticut River, 1636–1725 (Hanover, N.H.:
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 76''Solomon Stoddard,'' 302.
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 771981). Lucas, Valley of Discord, 159. Lucas, '' 'An Appeal to the Learned': The Mind of
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 781981). Lucas, Valley of Discord, 159. Lucas, '' 'An Appeal to the Learned': The Mind of
pp. 542–542 · ≈ 4 min 79communion were too strict, a charge that he dismissed. Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 36–37.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 80Longmeadow, Mass., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 75.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 81Longmeadow, Mass., quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 75.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 82family letters indicate that Jonathan's mother as well as two sisters ''made profession of
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 83argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous-
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 84argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous-
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 85argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous-
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 86argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous-
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 87argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous-
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 88argued that his payments should keep up with inﬂation. He also showed his meticulous-
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 89Jonathan, congratulating Timothy Edwards on his son's ''promising abilities and advances
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 90Jonathan, congratulating Timothy Edwards on his son's ''promising abilities and advances
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 91strange notions of holiness from our childhood, as if it were a melancholy, morose, sour,
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 92reform his habits and cultivate a more positive disposition.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 9329 A, item 6, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 171.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 9429 A, item 6, ANTS, quoted in Minkema, ''Edwardses,'' 171.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 95Warch, School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701–1740 (New Haven: Yale University Press,
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 96began about a year and a half before he left for New York, which was on August 10, 1722.
pp. 543–543 · ≈ 4 min 97reﬂects on these themes.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 9850. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 793.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 99Great Man: Identity, Conversion, and Leadership in the Great Awakening,'' Soundings,
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 100God ''will be a tender father to us,'' a phrase from his ﬁrst extant sermon, perhaps written
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 1013. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 802–3.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 102bly written in summer 1722 when he was candidating for a church, also expresses distinctly
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 103bly written in summer 1722 when he was candidating for a church, also expresses distinctly
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 104bly written in summer 1722 when he was candidating for a church, also expresses distinctly
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 105Trust, 1987), 52–53. Wilson H. Kimnach, ''Preface to the New York Period,'' Works, 10: 261–93.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 1069. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 797. On the origin of his notebook, ''Notes on the
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 107several occasions.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 108several occasions.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 109several occasions.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 110Brothers, 1932), 12.
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 11114. Renewals of baptismal covenants were normally church ceremonies where those
pp. 544–544 · ≈ 4 min 112Theology of Jonathan Edwards (Garden City: Doubleday, 1966), 38. The quotations from
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 113reﬂections on renewing his baptismal vows on January 12, 1723.
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 114tary on this sermon, pp. 247–50, 533–34. Cf. sermon fragment ''Application on Love to
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 11520. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 797–98. Diary, May 1, 1723, Works, 16: 768.
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 116admiring editors. See George S. Claghorn, ''Editing the Texts,'' Works, 16: 750–52.
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 117ever, I do not think Kimnach has su≈cient grounds to read the dispute back into the ﬁrst
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 118sity Library, quoted in Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family in
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 119continued to a≈rm the view that humiliation accompanied by fears of hell was a normal
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 1201. For chronology, see Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 8–9,
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 12129. For dating of ''Notes on the Apocalypse,'' see the remarkable reconstruction by
pp. 545–545 · ≈ 4 min 122ing the date.
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 123Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 16–17.
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 124Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 16–17.
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 125Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), 16–17.
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 12677–78. Norman Fiering says that ''Miller's discussion of Locke and Edwards on 52–68 is
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 127and Moral Philosophy at Seventeenth-Century Harvard: A Discipline in Transition (Chapel
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 128New England see also John Corrigan, The Prism of Piety: Catholick Congregational Clergy
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 129been William Smith, a New York lawyer and trustee of the College of New Jersey who was
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 130work on this issue, concluding that Hopkins' story is unlikely. I am convinced, however, by
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 131work on this issue, concluding that Hopkins' story is unlikely. I am convinced, however, by
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 132graduated from Harvard in 1711 at age seventeen, and his cousin Stephen (the redeemed
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 133Harvard University Press, 1939), 111–53.
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 134recollections of Samuel Johnson, the tutor whom the Wethersﬁeld boys had been unhappy
pp. 546–546 · ≈ 4 min 135the time in ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 792. See, above, chapter 2, where this passage is
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 136tion,'' in Works, 6: passim; and Morris, Young Jonathan Edwards, 164.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 137Doubleday Anchor, 1966), 15, citing a similar comment by Leon Howard.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 138by Thomas A. Schafer and by Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 147–53.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 139Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), and Margaret
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 140usually been credited with some originality in his observations, although Lister anticipated
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 141usually been credited with some originality in his observations, although Lister anticipated
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 142Row, 1984), 336–63.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 143Row, 1984), 336–63.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 144Row, 1984), 336–63.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 145Early New England (New York: Knopf, 1989), 71, and 71–116 for best account of this.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 146Early New England (New York: Knopf, 1989), 71, and 71–116 for best account of this.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 147(Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1988), 81–89, 158–61, 165–66. Cf. Mi-
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 148criticized George Whiteﬁeld and others for being guided by ''impulses'' (see chapter 14, be-
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 149criticized George Whiteﬁeld and others for being guided by ''impulses'' (see chapter 14, be-
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 150ford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1986), 257–77.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 151bridge University Press, 1980), 302. Descartes would have denied this implication of his
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 152505, 509–10, 647. My account of Newton is based on Westfall's, passim.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 153505, 509–10, 647. My account of Newton is based on Westfall's, passim.
pp. 547–547 · ≈ 4 min 154tions of Jonathan Edwards's Metaphysics,'' in Nathan O. Hatch and Harry S. Stout, eds.,
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 155tions of Jonathan Edwards's Metaphysics,'' in Nathan O. Hatch and Harry S. Stout, eds.,
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 156valuable overivew ''Jonathan Edwards and the Language of Nature: The Re-enchantment
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 157ment of Modern Philosophy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981), 29–30, cited in Fiering,
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 158man was a direct inﬂuence, yet there is enough resemblance to make it seem that Male-
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 159comparison of the two.
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 160(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). On Edwards' trip see, Kenneth Minkema,
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 16146. ''Of Atoms,'' Works, 6: 216.
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 162Lee W. Gibbs (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979), 93.
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 163Connecticut Collegiate school, just a few years before Edwards, in Joseph Ellis, The New
pp. 548–548 · ≈ 4 min 164knowledge, I am indebted to David Hill Scott, ''The 'Circle of Knowledge' and Jonathan
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 16594, pp. 256–63, which Thomas Schafer dates around the end of 1723. Cf. Amy Plantinga
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 16658. ''The Mind,'' Works, 6: 332–36. See also Roland A. Delattre, Beauty and Sensibility
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 167Norton, 2000). Richard A. Spurgeon Hall, ''Bach and Edwards on the Religious A√ec-
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 168Norton, 2000). Richard A. Spurgeon Hall, ''Bach and Edwards on the Religious A√ec-
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 169pastoring and also probably working on some of the abstract ideas contained in ''The
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 17065. ''Of the Prejudices of Imagination,'' Works, 6: 197.
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 171Levesque, Works, 14: 47–53.
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 172Levesque, Works, 14: 47–53.
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 173Bowditch Dexter, ed., Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 1744. Samuel Sewall to Yale Rector Elisha Williams, August 22, 1729, ''Am glad to see you
pp. 549–549 · ≈ 3 min 175trustees the next day. Three of these were dissuaded, the others went to England for
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 176''Letter-book of Samuel Sewall,'' 144.
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 177Massachusetts Historical Society, 5th ser., 7 (Boston, 1882), 309. Sewall reports that Increase
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 178in Dexter, ed., Documentary History, 226. See related documents, pp. 226–34. See Warch,
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 179Historical Society, 2d ser., 2 (Boston, 1814), 133–36.
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 180University Press, 1985): 359.
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 18122–29 (Nausawlander); and October 29–November 5.
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 182Scandalous Drove': The Congregational Reaction to Anglicanism in Boston, 1719–1725''
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 183Arminius were deﬁned at the international Reformed Synod of Dordrecht (or Dort) of
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 18414. On Harvard, see John Corrigan, The Prism of Piety: Catholick Congregational
pp. 550–550 · ≈ 4 min 185History, 233.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 186bridge University Press, 1980), 321.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 187nium in Revolutionary New England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977).
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 18824. ''Appendix to Quæstio: Syllogistic Notes,'' Works, 14: 64–66. Miscellanies nos. 12
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 18924. ''Appendix to Quæstio: Syllogistic Notes,'' Works, 14: 64–66. Miscellanies nos. 12
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 19024. ''Appendix to Quæstio: Syllogistic Notes,'' Works, 14: 64–66. Miscellanies nos. 12
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 191Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 6, ''Transactions,'' 1899, 1900 (Boston, 1904), 200.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 192Claghorn's notes for literature on this piece.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 193discoveries as an old man, quoted in chapter 4.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 194discoveries as an old man, quoted in chapter 4.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 195dates this entry as probably just before the ''Spider'' letter, dated October 31.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 19631. Kenneth P. Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 5.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 19732. The last quotation is from Resolution 57, Works, 16: 757.
pp. 551–551 · ≈ 4 min 198Timothy Woodbridge. Pierpont reported that a delegation that the Yale trustees had
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 199my appetite, I must not merely take care to leave o√ with as much of an appetite as at
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 2001723), Works, 14: 75, 79, 90.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 2011723), Works, 14: 75, 79, 90.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 202137–60, quotations pp. 145–46, 146, 157.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 203137–60, quotations pp. 145–46, 146, 157.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 204137–60, quotations pp. 145–46, 146, 157.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 205chapter 6. ''A Low, Sunk Estate and Condition''
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 206ed., Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 207ed., Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 20836, quoted in Richard Warch, School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701–1740 (New Haven:
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 209Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 8; Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduc-
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 210Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 8; Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduc-
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 211Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 8; Wallace E. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduc-
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 2121724, in Dexter, ed., Documentary History, 255–56, on o√ering the rectorship to William
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 2131724, in Dexter, ed., Documentary History, 255–56, on o√ering the rectorship to William
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 214acquaintance renounce Calvinism without such consultation.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 21510. Schafer, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 13: 17.
pp. 552–552 · ≈ 4 min 216six. David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York:
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 217college for his services until March 20, 1725. Proceedings of the Trustees, April 20, 1725, in
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 218''The Beauty of the World,'' Reader, 14–15, written around this time, which is similar to
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 219''The Beauty of the World,'' Reader, 14–15, written around this time, which is similar to
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 220East Windsor in summer 1723, Jonathan expressed very conventional views of proper
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 221published and probably edited by Edwards' admirers, we may not have a complete record
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 222published and probably edited by Edwards' admirers, we may not have a complete record
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 223diet for a time but resolved to resume it.
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 224Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival of Religion in New England (1742), Works, 4,
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 225Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family in Eighteenth-Century New
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 226Kenneth Minkema, ''The Edwardses: A Ministerial Family in Eighteenth-Century New
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 22723. ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 789. Trustees, September 13, 1726, in Dexter, ed.,
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 2281654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 43–45. Schafer, ''Editor's Introduction,''
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 2291654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 43–45. Schafer, ''Editor's Introduction,''
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 230based on his examination of a sermon fragment at Beinecke from a Stockbridge Indian
pp. 553–553 · ≈ 4 min 231Chamberlain, ''The Immaculate Ovum: Jonathan Edwards and the Construction of the
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 232diary entry is dated ''Sept. 26, 1726,'' but that seems to be a mistake, most likely from a
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 233the general, that I had been in at New York, till I went to New Haven, to live there as Tutor
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 234''Under the Head of Creation, vid.'' Miscellany no. 362. Works, 11: 51.
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 235Family and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986),
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 236Family and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986),
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 237of John's sons in the Revolutionary era. The home in Edwards' time was probably more on
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 238shire County, Massachusetts, 1740–1775 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 30.
pp. 554–554 · ≈ 5 min 239of Vermont, 1600–1800, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990), 113–31. I have also
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 240rizes the evidence. In December 1721 Jonathan wrote to his sister Mary, then in Hatﬁeld,
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 241ening,'' Journal of Presbyterian History 56, no. 4 (winter 1978): 330–31, may overstate the
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 242Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press,
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 2431725 (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1976), 159.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 244vest,'' 326–27. His concern for orthodoxy is indicated in his The Great Concern for Chris-
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 245So Little Towards the Conversion of the Indians? (Boston, 1723), 6, 8–11. For a modern
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 246Sewall,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 6th ser., 2 (Boston, 1888), 250. He
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 247Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 248Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 249Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 250Stoddard, The Defects of Preachers Reproved (Boston, 1724), iv–v.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 251(Boston, 1713), A1, 25–27.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 252(Boston, 1713), A1, 25–27.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 253(Boston, 1713), A1, 25–27.
pp. 555–555 · ≈ 4 min 25410: 339–50, and other references to hell, see index, Ibid., 653.
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 25510: 339–50, and other references to hell, see index, Ibid., 653.
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 25610: 339–50, and other references to hell, see index, Ibid., 653.
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 257early 1729, Works, 14: 301–28, is one of Edwards' most e√ective attempts prior to Sinners in
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 258early 1729, Works, 14: 301–28, is one of Edwards' most e√ective attempts prior to Sinners in
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 259Minkema, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 32–34, and Harry S. Stout, The New England
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 260the ''opinion'' to ''some'' because of his reservations regarding reading the exact meanings
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 261the ''opinion'' to ''some'' because of his reservations regarding reading the exact meanings
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 262tion that must precede conversion, part of his ongoing problem with this part of the
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 263Jonathan's earlier views seem to have been those of his father. In New York he wrote in a
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 264February 13/20, 1729, p. 2.
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 265February 13/20, 1729, p. 2.
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 266February 13/20, 1729, p. 2.
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 26723; Benjamin Colman, The Faithful Ministers of Christ Mindful of Their Own Death . . .
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 268grapes is indicated by the fact that Edwards deplored the contentions of these two parties
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 269grapes is indicated by the fact that Edwards deplored the contentions of these two parties
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 270grapes is indicated by the fact that Edwards deplored the contentions of these two parties
pp. 556–556 · ≈ 5 min 271Pastor, 91–98.
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 2723:1–2, Works of Edwards transcription (probably preached in summer 1729).
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 2733:1–2, Works of Edwards transcription (probably preached in summer 1729).
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 274spring 1729), Works, 14: 365–67, 370.
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 2751730s. Iain Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 2761730s. Iain Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 277''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13. Minkema notes that whereas Dwight, Life, 115, says
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 278''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13. Minkema notes that whereas Dwight, Life, 115, says
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 279in Eighteenth-Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988),
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 280in Eighteenth-Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988),
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 281ton: Houghton Mi∆in, 1966), 34.
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 282ton: Houghton Mi∆in, 1966), 34.
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 283dard is indicated also in Miscellany no. 411, written shortly after Stoddard's death, where
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 284(1729), Works, 14: 429–30.
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 285Family Life in Northampton, Massachusetts: A Demographic Study, 1690–1750'' (M.A.
pp. 557–557 · ≈ 4 min 286Directions in American Religious History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 62–
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 287Directions in American Religious History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 62–
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 288Colonial Massachusetts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), esp. 189–
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 289(Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1986), 7. Cf. pp. 11–12 for other images. Westra provides a
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 290''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13–14. Another evidence of the town's goodwill was the
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 291''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 14: 13–14. Another evidence of the town's goodwill was the
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 292ary 19, ﬁre destroyed the shop of Deacon Ebenezer Hunt, a ''felt-maker'' from an old
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 293Hopkins was a divinity student studying in Edwards' home in the early 1740s, though
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 294ham Lincoln (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), 38.
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 295Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth Trust, 1987), 138–39.
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 296Macmillan, 1940), 122–23.
pp. 558–558 · ≈ 4 min 297torical Review 2 (2002). On Edwards' views of slavery, see chapter 16.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 298torical Review 2 (2002). On Edwards' views of slavery, see chapter 16.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 299torical Review 2 (2002). On Edwards' views of slavery, see chapter 16.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 30010. ''Images [originally ''Shadows''] of Divine Things,'' no. 29, Works, 11: 58.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 30112. ''Images of Divine Things,'' no. 1, Works, 11:51.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 302dated May 5 and May 14, 1736, and May 7, 1737. He may also have been noting that 1736 was
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 303(1730), Works, 17: 142–72, quotation, p. 143.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 304heaven would rejoice in knowing of the punishment of the wicked. Although most people
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 305Press, Clarendon Press, 1986) for an overview.
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 3061946), 40, writes, ''Of thirty-nine Presbyterian churches surveyed in 1731, eleven were
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 3071946), 40, writes, ''Of thirty-nine Presbyterian churches surveyed in 1731, eleven were
pp. 559–559 · ≈ 4 min 308Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate School of
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 309University Press, 1973), 172–75. Former Rector Cutler wrote to an Anglican friend in
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 310sectarian, Williams added that he was assured that the gift had been made in ''a true
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 311sectarian, Williams added that he was assured that the gift had been made in ''a true
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 312of Yale, 298.
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 313Discipline Professed and Practiced: In the Churches of New England (Boston, 1726), 5, quoted
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 314that what the orthodox, including Edwards, meant by ''Arminianism'' included precisely
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 315where he elegantly and for the most part accurately paints the picture of the tensions
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 316Whole of It (Boston, 1731), Works, 17: 205, 212, 213–14.
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 317Culture in New England, 1689–1740'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Notre Dame, 2001).
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 318Culture in New England, 1689–1740'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Notre Dame, 2001).
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 319Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 70.
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 320of the Enlightenment (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 131–34 and passim.
pp. 560–560 · ≈ 4 min 3211709–1724,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 7th ser., 8 (Boston, 1912), 142,
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 3221709–1724,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 7th ser., 8 (Boston, 1912), 142,
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 323Music in Colonial Massachusetts, 1630–1820: Music in Homes and Churches (Boston: Colo-
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 324on a Thursday night to ''the young musicians'' and that ''the singing extraordinarily excel-
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 325New England, 1720–1740,'' New England Quarterly 55, no. 1 (March 1982): 79–96. Daniels,
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 326Shoe String Press, 1961), 105–6.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 32755–56, and ''Benjamin Colman,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 122.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 32855–56, and ''Benjamin Colman,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 122.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 329quoted in Mark Valeri, ''Preface to the Period,'' Works, 17: 19, cf. 17–28, on political context.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 330of Kentucky Press, 1996), passim. ''Jonathan Belcher,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 434–
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 33147. ''Belcher,'' Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 4: 443–44.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 332sachusetts Historical Society, 6th ser., 6 (Boston, 1893), 205–6.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 333sachusetts Historical Society, 6th ser., 6 (Boston, 1893), 205–6.
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 334Colonial Massachusetts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 203. ''Vice
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 335Colonial Massachusetts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 203. ''Vice
pp. 561–561 · ≈ 4 min 33655. ''Christ's Kingdom Among the Gentiles,'' Isaac Watts, Psalms of David, Imitated in
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 33755. ''Christ's Kingdom Among the Gentiles,'' Isaac Watts, Psalms of David, Imitated in
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 338Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 237. These ﬁgures do not indicate
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 339Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 237. These ﬁgures do not indicate
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 340Edwards, Pastor. See esp., 38–50, 91–108.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 341August 1757, at another relatively unfruitful time in his ministry.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 342ﬁrst major report of the awakening. It was later expanded and published as A Faithful
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 343another saintly person is not clear.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 344another saintly person is not clear.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 345another saintly person is not clear.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 346another saintly person is not clear.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 347another saintly person is not clear.
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 348urges prayer as especially important if the awakening is to survive and advises that more of
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 349Seventeenth-Century New England (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 350Puritan to Evangelical: Changing Culture in New England, 1689–1740'' (Ph.D. diss.,
pp. 562–562 · ≈ 4 min 351''a singing meeting'' on June 17, 1736. He mentions in passing that some may wonder why
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 352''a singing meeting'' on June 17, 1736. He mentions in passing that some may wonder why
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 353preface. Reprinted as appendix to sermon, Works, 17: 425–26.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 354son, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New England:
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 355son, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New England:
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 35620. ''Resolutions,'' no. 34, Works, 16: 755. Faithful Narrative, Works, 4: 149.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 357Joseph Hawley's suicide. See below.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 358Joseph Hawley's suicide. See below.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 359nary number on whom ''this dispensation'' ''has had a saving e√ect,'' suggesting that there
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 360asm: A Chapter in the History of Religion (New York: Oxford University Press, 1950); David
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 361Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century, vol. 4 (London, 1822), 298.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 362sermons as Revelation 19:15 (April 1734), on hell, and Isaiah 53:7 (February 1734), a commu-
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 363conﬁrming Edwards' account.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 364conﬁrming Edwards' account.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 365conﬁrming Edwards' account.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 3661654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 79–81.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 3671654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 79–81.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 36832. Term used by Deacon Ebenezer Hunt in Works, 4: 46.
pp. 563–563 · ≈ 4 min 369are from Faithful Narrative, Works, 4: 206.
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 37047:11 (May 1735),.
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 37147:11 (May 1735),.
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 37247:11 (May 1735),.
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 373the Works of Edwards' transcription, was published as When the Wicked Shall Have Filled
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 374in response to an inquiry from the Reverend Thomas Gillespie of Scotland on how to deal
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 375Works, 4: 206.
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 376Hawley's death'' (June 1735), Works, 19: 385, 383.
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 377tion,'' Works, 4: 47n. God's Continuing Presence, sermon, Ezekiel 39:28–29 (July 1735),
pp. 564–564 · ≈ 5 min 378ﬁrst letter. C. C. Goen shows that he almost certainly did not. See ''Editor's Introduction,''
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 379ﬁrst letter. C. C. Goen shows that he almost certainly did not. See ''Editor's Introduction,''
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 380ley's death'' (June 1735). He also dwelled on this point at some length in a July sermon,
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 381diary, transcription, Storrs Library, Longmeadow, Mass., August 18, 1736. Cf. August 21.
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 382account is drawn primarily from Goen's introduction, Works, 4: 32–46.
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 383Many Hundred Souls in Northampton, and the Neighbouring Towns and Villages of New
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 384its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 147, 149, and 290n25.
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 3851753; repr. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1972), 14–81; Patrick Frazier, The Mohicans of
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 386ampton from at least early September to about mid-October. Cf. Hall, ''Introduction,''
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 387recount its details. These include Cli√ord Shipton's account in Sibley's Harvard Graduates,
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 388recount its details. These include Cli√ord Shipton's account in Sibley's Harvard Graduates,
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 389Jonathan Wells, Hatﬁeld, March 12, 1730.
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 390(Boston, 1736), 10, cited in Hall, ''Introduction,'' Works, 12: 15. This sermon was preached in
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 391(Boston, 1736), 10, cited in Hall, ''Introduction,'' Works, 12: 15. This sermon was preached in
pp. 565–565 · ≈ 4 min 392for stealing more than only books. His father had requested that he leave under his care.
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 393to hearing Breck express these views.
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 394Benjamin Colman, Works, 4: 100–101. On the people's renewed zeal for Calvinism, see
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 395vard Graduates, 8: 668. Cf. p. 667.
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 396Have Disapproved of the Late Measures Taken in Order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 397Have Disapproved of the Late Measures Taken in Order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 398Have Disapproved of the Late Measures Taken in Order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 399in bringing the Hampshire justices in for a hearing, cf. Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 8: 672.
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 400Historical Museum, Springﬁeld, Mass., Samuel Hopkins said that he wrote the ﬁrst part
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 401Gazette, October 10, 1735, quoted in Hall, ''Introduction,'' Works, 12: 10.
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 40226. Jonathan Edwards, A Letter to the Author of the Pamphlet Called An Answer to the
pp. 566–566 · ≈ 5 min 403Edwards' account is the only nearly contemporary record of the origins of the dispute, and
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 404Dwight, Life, 122n, and 434–35. Dwight bases this interpretation on Edwards' mention of
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 405unhappy with aspects of the awakening itself. The Joseph Hawley incident could also have
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 406Watts and His Gift Books to Yale College (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938), 30–31.
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 407Stenerson, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 408had not been so full and forward in the matter.''
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 409to desist from preaching on justiﬁcation versus Arminianism. This seems unlikely in view
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 410to desist from preaching on justiﬁcation versus Arminianism. This seems unlikely in view
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 411ened, Cooper wrote the preface.
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 412return to the lewd practices of tavern culture, the town in 1736 revived the o≈ce of
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 413return to the lewd practices of tavern culture, the town in 1736 revived the o≈ce of
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 4143. Edwards to Benjamin Colman, March 19, 1737, Works, 16: 65–66.
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 4154. Ibid., 66; Edwards to Benjamin Colman, May 19, 1737, Works, 16: 68.
pp. 567–567 · ≈ 4 min 41619, 1737. He noted in his account book that the ﬁrst blossoms appeared on the cherry trees
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 41719, 1737. He noted in his account book that the ﬁrst blossoms appeared on the cherry trees
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 418Works, 19: 674. For his other uses of this image see index, Works, 19: 815.
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 4191654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 73–75. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, Pastor,
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 420ity,'' which famously referred to ''a city on a hill,'' began by describing God's ordination of
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 421ity,'' which famously referred to ''a city on a hill,'' began by describing God's ordination of
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 422Records, 22–27.
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 423transcriptions.
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 424transcriptions.
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 425on the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins,'' in Stephen J. Stein, ed., Jonathan Ed-
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 426Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 427Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 428Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 429Wesley, vol. 7, A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the People Called Methodists, Franz
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 430Kenneth Minkema. We know of Edwards' preaching on this text and occasion only
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 431son, ''An Anglican Critique of the Early Phase of the Great Awakening in New England:
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 432Works, 16: 727. See John F. Wilson, ''Introduction,'' Works, 9: 14–17, for a summary of the
pp. 568–568 · ≈ 4 min 433sermons have a formal ''application,'' Edwards does interrupt his exposition once in a
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 434Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 435Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 436Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 437Solomon, 4 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 4: 230–31, quoted in
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 438Puritanism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), emphasizes the
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 439Revelation 6, which speaks of the opening of the six seals and a cosmic judgment avenging
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 440which Edwards was reading in 1738 or 1739 and was a principal stimulant to his thinking,
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 441presented in an early draft of his forthcoming book Jonathan Edwards's Philosophy of
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 442earthly prince or mighty warrior, as of Alexander the Great or Julius Caesar, or the Duke
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 44332. See above, chapter 5.
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 44433. Sermon 18, Works, 9: 351–52.
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 44534. Sermon 33, Works, 9: 411.
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 44635. Sermon 24, Works, 9: 434.
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 44736. Ibid., 434–35.
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 44837. Sermon 22, Works, 9: 412.
pp. 569–569 · ≈ 4 min 449Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 450Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 451Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 452Interestingly, Edwards' account of the Reformation mentions Calvin only in passing
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 453itself a thing to be rejoiced in because in itself it is good'' (p. 440), but he also emphasizes
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 454chapter 12. God ''Will Revive the Flame Again''
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 455lard, June 1, 1740, Works, 16: 83–84, he asked for more information on these and other
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 456God, Works, 4: 132.
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 457Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 151–56, has a valuable
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 458Its British Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 151–56, has a valuable
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 459copy of Benjamin Dorr's History of Christ Church in Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1881) in
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 460copy of Benjamin Dorr's History of Christ Church in Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1881) in
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 461ening, 1737–1745,'' Journal of American History 77 (December 1990): 812–37; Lambert,
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 462The Spiritual Economy of Puritan New England (Stanford: Stanford University Press,
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 463The Spiritual Economy of Puritan New England (Stanford: Stanford University Press,
pp. 570–570 · ≈ 4 min 464Michael Crawford, William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 33 (1976): 93. On Edwards,
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 465Journal, quoted in Arnold A. Dallimore, George Whiteﬁeld: The Life and Times of the Great
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 466supposedly from Sarah Edwards to James Pierpont, October 24, 1740, describing White-
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 467Prince, December 12, 1743, Works, 16: 115–27.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 468Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 469Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 470Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 471Dallimore, Whiteﬁeld, 1: 465–76, for documentation and other information.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 472mentions it being very cold with light snow on the ground Monday morning, further east
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 473in Middletown, Connecticut, two days after Whiteﬁeld left Edwards, an appearance
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 474Divine Dramatist, and Stout, New England Soul, chap. 10. On the awakening as an
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 475New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 194–95.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 476New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 194–95.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 477Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 478Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 479Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 480Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 481Jonathan Edwards's Critique of George Whiteﬁeld,'' New England Quarterly 70, no. 3
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 482views most fully in Religious A√ections, Works, 2: 432–58.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 48329. Edwards to ''Friends in Scotland,'' after September 16, 1745, Works, 16: 178.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 48430. Stout, Divine Dramatist, 220–33.
pp. 571–571 · ≈ 4 min 485Benjamin Colman, March 9, 1741, ibid., 88. Ebenezer Parkman, The Diary of Ebenezer
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 486the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 173.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 487the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 173.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 488Great Awakening: A History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whiteﬁeld,
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 489Great Awakening: A History of the Revival of Religion in the Time of Edwards and Whiteﬁeld,
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 490and Brothers, 1957), 33–34.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 491Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. See chap-
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 492Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. See chap-
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 493Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. See chap-
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 494quoted from Christian History 2: 136, in Tracy, Great Awakening, 138.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 495quoted from Christian History 2: 136, in Tracy, Great Awakening, 138.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 496quoted from Christian History 2: 136, in Tracy, Great Awakening, 138.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 497sources, especially Prince's Christian History, and provides accounts of such phenomena in
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 498Memorial Library, Longmeadow, Mass. Cf. John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 499Memorial Library, Longmeadow, Mass. Cf. John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 500Stephen Williams' diary, July 8, 1741, unless otherwise noted.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 501A Complete History of Connecticut, 2 vols. (New Haven, 1818), 2: 145. Trumbull's note says,
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 50218. Hopkins, Life, 47–48.
pp. 572–572 · ≈ 4 min 503dents. He makes the point that, strictly speaking, Sinners is not a hell-ﬁre sermon. See
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 504tonianism, and Jonathan Edwards's 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,' '' William and
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 505history of redemption to preach a stunning sermon around the image of the sun. Christ's
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 506found in many editions. The quotations here are from Reader, ed. Smith, Stout, and
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 5071940), 192, from Watts' handwritten comment on title page of volume, owned by Forbes
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 508Yale edition. I am indebted to the editor's introduction.
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 509Works, 16: 90–91. Quotations that follow are from the letter, pp. 91–95.
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 510Sweeney, ''River Gods and Related Minor Deities: The Williams Family and the Con-
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 511sachusetts Historical Society), quoted in Michael Batinski, Jonathan Belcher, Colonial
pp. 573–573 · ≈ 5 min 512Provincial Imagination,'' passim. See also Rosalyn Remer, ''Old Lights and New Money:
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 513Bank than were their Old Light counterparts, but still a large majority of New Light
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 514Bank than were their Old Light counterparts, but still a large majority of New Light
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 515Jonathan Edwards in his funeral sermon for Williams, The Resort and Remedy of Those
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 516ening,'' Journal of Presbyterian History 56, no. 4 (winter 1978): 338, points out that Williams
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 517tion, quoted in a note, p. 21n, ended with the advice: ''love your master, love your work, and
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 518Trust, 1960), October 25, 1740, p. 480. Whiteﬁeld was hosted by ''Mr. Pierpont,'' one of
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 519Trust, 1960), October 25, 1740, p. 480. Whiteﬁeld was hosted by ''Mr. Pierpont,'' one of
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 520Samuel Hopkins, 3 vols. (Boston, 1852), 1: 16. Norman Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 38–39.
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 521(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), 124–25. Elisha Williams resigned
pp. 574–574 · ≈ 4 min 522Seventh Journal (London, 1741), 54–55, as quoted in Edwin Gaustad, The Great Awakening
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 5231741, p. 1; anonymous letter, Boston Weekly Post-Boy, September 28, 1741, p. 3. Gaustad,
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 5241741, p. 1; anonymous letter, Boston Weekly Post-Boy, September 28, 1741, p. 3. Gaustad,
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 525itinerants generally, remarks how they tell people ''that they are now hanging over the pit
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 526itinerants generally, remarks how they tell people ''that they are now hanging over the pit
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 527351, cf. p. 350 re Brainerd.
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 528Chamberlain's valuable observations as to what he learned from ﬁrst revival, ''Self-
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 529Chamberlain's valuable observations as to what he learned from ﬁrst revival, ''Self-
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 530pp. 273–74. '' 'Tis probable that the stumbling blocks that now attend this work will in
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 531215, 216, 217, 223.
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 532215, 216, 217, 223.
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 533215, 216, 217, 223.
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 534Association had as its question for debate, ''What is the sin that is commonly called the sin
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 535Edwards changed ''me'' to ''us.''
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 536and reproach this work, and call it the work of the Devil, want but one thing of the
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 537chapter 15. ''Heavenly Elysium''
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 538the New Divinity in Revolutionary America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 14.
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 539the New Divinity in Revolutionary America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 14.
pp. 575–575 · ≈ 4 min 5403. Edwards to Joseph Bellamy, January 21, 1742, Works, 16: 98–100.
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 5414. Sarah Edwards, ''Narrative'' (1742), reprinted in Dwight, Life, 171–86, quotation
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 542perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 543perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 544perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 545perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 546perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 547perfection'' in the sense of the ability of a person to be free from willful transgression of
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 548wrote, ''Indeed, modesty might in ordinary cases, restrain some persons, as women, and
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 549able to suppose that the Christian church should forever, and even in times of her greatest
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 550ANTS, Works of Edwards transcription. The much more vague corresponding passage is
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 551ANTS, Works of Edwards transcription. The much more vague corresponding passage is
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 5521843), 26. Although this late source may be questionable, Hopkins was present at the event.
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 5531743, Works, 16: 120–21.
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 554Edwards Collection, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 555Prayer Bids of the 1730s and 1740s,'' William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 37, no. 2 (April
pp. 576–576 · ≈ 5 min 556''In pre-modern medical diagnosis, hysteria was deﬁned as a morbidly excited condition
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 5571845 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 38. Ava Chamberlain,
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 558Religious Humanism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), esp. chaps. 7–8. Cf.
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 559America, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 51–74. Julie Ellison,
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 560of Samuel Hopkins, 3 vols., ed. Edwards A. Park (Boston, 1852), 1: 16–18.
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 561wards (Boston, 1765), appendix 2, ''containing a Short Sketch of Mrs. Edwards's Life and
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 562wards (Boston, 1765), appendix 2, ''containing a Short Sketch of Mrs. Edwards's Life and
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 563wards (Boston, 1765), appendix 2, ''containing a Short Sketch of Mrs. Edwards's Life and
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 564Hopkins, 1: 49.
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 565great beauty and intellect. Hopkins, Life, appendix 1, pp. 88–92.
pp. 577–577 · ≈ 4 min 566American Antiquarian Society, 1974), April 1 and 2, 1740, p. 76, and May 25, 1744, p. 97.
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 567American Antiquarian Society, 1974), April 1 and 2, 1740, p. 76, and May 25, 1744, p. 97.
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 568American Antiquarian Society, 1974), April 1 and 2, 1740, p. 76, and May 25, 1744, p. 97.
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 569tonock (Great Barrington), near Stockbridge. Some time after that, we are told, he was
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 570chapter 8, above.
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 571torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 572torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 573torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 574torical Review 2 (2002). I am grateful to Kristin Kobes DuMez regarding the possible
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 575(Amherst: University Massachusetts Press, 1969), 10, takes for granted the knowledge that
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 5761991), 52–55. On the dynamics of the relation between indentured servitude and chattel
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 577reconstruction the episode in Minkema, ''Edwards' Defense.''
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 578Attitudes Toward the Negro 1550–1812 (Baltimore: Penguin, 1969 [1968]), 116–21.
pp. 578–578 · ≈ 4 min 579continues with Isaiah 32: 3–4, ''The eyes of them that see shall not be dim and the ears [of
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 580Beinecke, as quoted in Minkema, ''Edwards' Defense,'' n68.
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 581of the Great Awakening and the popular political culture of the American Revolution.
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 582in Patricia J. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards, Pastor: Religion and Society in Eighteenth-Century
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 583Century New England'' (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1988), 126–36. Jonathan
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 58418. ''A Copy of a Covenant Entered into and Subscribed by the People of God at
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 585Trust, 1960), October 21, 1740, pp. 478–79.
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 586a 1742 date, it did not appear until March 1743. Goen, Works, 4: 65n.
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 587a 1742 date, it did not appear until March 1743. Goen, Works, 4: 65n.
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 588a 1742 date, it did not appear until March 1743. Goen, Works, 4: 65n.
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 589of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 590of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 591of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 592of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 593of New England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 594gland (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), 122–75; Gerald McDermott, One Holy and
pp. 579–579 · ≈ 4 min 595in pointing out that Edwards did not think the millennium was beginning in America,
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 596in pointing out that Edwards did not think the millennium was beginning in America,
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 597great revival, the high estimate of its eschatological signiﬁcance by Edwards and many
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 598of Religion in New England . . . (Boston, 1743), from excerpt in The Great Awakening:
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 599of Religion in New England . . . (Boston, 1743), from excerpt in The Great Awakening:
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 600was not published in the Boston Gazette until March 16, 1742. See Richard Bushman, ed.,
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 601chapter 17. A House Divided
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 602Brothers, 1957), 55.
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 603of the few local pastors to oppose the dismissal of the Reverend Samuel Osborn, whom the
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 604how his square face might suggest a brick, and he is holding a volume at an angle so that it
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 605the Ministers of Edinburgh, Concerning the State of Religion in New England (Edinburgh,
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 606the Ministers of Edinburgh, Concerning the State of Religion in New England (Edinburgh,
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 607the Ministers of Edinburgh, Concerning the State of Religion in New England (Edinburgh,
pp. 580–580 · ≈ 4 min 608Awakening, 44.
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 6091742), 43–44, quoted in Gri≈n, Old Brick, 65.
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 610Preached . . . the Lord's Day after the Commencement . . . (Boston, 1742). Available in Alan
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 611quotation from Prince (p. 244) is from Christian History, vol. 2, around p. 408. The
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 612teria,'' p. 71.
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 6131742), passim. For context, see Gregory Nobles, Divisions throughout the Whole: Politics and
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 614Mr. William Cooper, . . . (Boston, 1743), 3. Cooper, letter in Boston Gazette, January 11, 1743.
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 61551–53, provides a very biased and no doubt exaggerated account. It seems conﬁrmed,
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 61618. Edwards to Sarah Edwards, March 25, 1743, Works, 16: 104–5.
pp. 581–581 · ≈ 4 min 617(New London, 1901), 407.
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 61822. ''Fair copy of Kingsley Case, Congregational Library, London, MS II c 1/59,''
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 619England Culture, 1570–1700 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 291.
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 620Elisha Williams, The Essential Rights and Liberties of Protestants: A Seasonable Plea for the
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 621must submit themselves to the ecclesiastical rule of the majority of the colony. Despite
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 622must submit themselves to the ecclesiastical rule of the majority of the colony. Despite
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 623Biography of Elnathan Whitman in Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Biographical Sketches of the
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 624way in the company of Thomas Clap, see Works, 16: 153–72.
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 625conventions, including reprints of the two testimonies and information from related docu-
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 626Great Awakening,'' Journal of Presbyterian History, 44, no. 2 (1966): 122–29.
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 627Frank Lambert, Inventing the ''Great Awakening'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 628sides were playing a numbers game in their futile struggles to vest their rival pronounce-
pp. 582–582 · ≈ 4 min 629ments and counterarguments in the two volumes.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 630ments and counterarguments in the two volumes.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 631(Boston, 1743), vi–xxx, 329–30, and passim. Cf. Gri≈n's excellent discussion, Old Brick,
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 6324: 296–97.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 6334: 296–97.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 634to an Angry Spirit (1738), Works, 8: 277.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 635to an Angry Spirit (1738), Works, 8: 277.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 636to an Angry Spirit (1738), Works, 8: 277.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 637Divine Truth (1739) in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 158.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 638p. 197n74, for Chauncy's later high estimate, in replying to Ezra Stiles' inquiry about
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 639in Transition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), and Norman Fier-
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 640letter to William McCulloch, March 5, 1744, Works, 16: 134, he dates the beginning of the
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 641letter to William McCulloch, March 5, 1744, Works, 16: 134, he dates the beginning of the
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 642quoted on the title page, which describes how after the people bowed down to a ﬁre that
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 643quoted on the title page, which describes how after the people bowed down to a ﬁre that
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 644quoted on the title page, which describes how after the people bowed down to a ﬁre that
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 64548. Ibid., 95, 96–97, 102.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 64649. Ibid., 181.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 64750. Ibid., 194–95.
pp. 583–583 · ≈ 4 min 648chapter 4, above.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 649Jonathan Edwards's 'Treatise Concerning Religious A√ections,' '' Church History 63, no. 4
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 650Jonathan Edwards's 'Treatise Concerning Religious A√ections,' '' Church History 63, no. 4
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 651Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 652Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 653Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 654Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 655Books, 1998), 35, remarks on the ''stunning modern relevance'' of these observations.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 656chapter 18. A Model Town No More
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 657salary disputes and of Sarah's allusions to tensions with townspeople in her account of her
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 658Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 148.
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 659198–200. See Arthur Fawcett, The Chambulang Revival (London: Banner of Truth Trust,
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 660198–200. See Arthur Fawcett, The Chambulang Revival (London: Banner of Truth Trust,
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 661admitted that the revivals may have been a false spring. Drawing on one of his favorite
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 662England Quarterly 5 (1932): 37–54, remains a most valuable source because it includes
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 6637. Hopkins, Life, 53–54. The sermon is apparently lost. Tracy, Jonathan Edwards,
pp. 584–584 · ≈ 4 min 664Association.
pp. 585–585 · ≈ 5 min 665not know precisely when in the controversy he presented this defense. Probably it was early
pp. 585–585 · ≈ 5 min 666booksellers'' [London?], 1755. Presumably earlier editions of this or similar works were
pp. 585–585 · ≈ 5 min 667Which All Women Desirous to Learn, Should Take, to Acquire the True Knowledge and Be
pp. 585–585 · ≈ 5 min 668of this testimony is also transcribed, with slight di√erences, in Johnson, '' 'Young Folks'
pp. 585–585 · ≈ 5 min 669language he allegedly used when taunting two women.
pp. 585–585 · ≈ 5 min 670bers had joined after 1736. Under the Stoddardean system one cannot tell how many
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 671(1738), in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 230–33.
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 672Divine Worship and yet Allow Themselves in Any Known Wickedness (before 1733), in Works
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 673Divine Worship and yet Allow Themselves in Any Known Wickedness (before 1733), in Works
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 674Christian Monthly History 4 (1745).
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 675Christian Monthly History 4 (1745).
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 676Christian Monthly History 4 (1745).
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 677transcription.
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 678transcription.
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 679copies of foregoing testimonies,'' which reports the testimony in a slightly di√erent form,
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 680the Seventeenth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), a study of Dorchester,
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 681the Seventeenth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), a study of Dorchester,
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 682and the changing patterns Cornelia Hughes Dayton, Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law,
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 683and the changing patterns Cornelia Hughes Dayton, Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law,
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 684Public Rejection of Their Minister . . . on June 22, 1750 (Boston, 1751), in Reader, 234.
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 685Public Rejection of Their Minister . . . on June 22, 1750 (Boston, 1751), in Reader, 234.
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 68633. Sarah Edwards, ''Narrative'' (1742), reprinted in Dwight, Life, remarks that one
pp. 586–586 · ≈ 4 min 687of his daughter Sarah from Brookﬁeld. It is not clear why the Edwards would think this
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 688question. The previous year, in a sermon preached for the installation of Jonathan Judd of
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 689fragment, Works, 16: 148–49. Any details that he may have furnished have been lost.
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 69038. ''Jonathan Edwards' Last Will, and the Inventory of His Estate,'' taken from
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 691area, but also the most expensive family. Edwards to James Foxcroft, May 24, 1749, Works,
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 692area, but also the most expensive family. Edwards to James Foxcroft, May 24, 1749, Works,
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 693no. 1 (March 1991): 53. Valeri summarizes a formulation by Allan Kuliko√. The section
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 694ity,'' is often reprinted, as in Perry Miller, ed., The American Puritans: Their Prose and
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 695ity,'' is often reprinted, as in Perry Miller, ed., The American Puritans: Their Prose and
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 696Religious A√ections he had made ''some intimations'' of his new views. ''Narrative of
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 697Religious A√ections he had made ''some intimations'' of his new views. ''Narrative of
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 698chapter 19. Colonial Wars
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 699originally published in Christian Monthly History 9 (December 1745): 259–63. On the
pp. 587–587 · ≈ 4 min 700separatists left Joseph Noyes' First Church on the New Haven green next to Yale College.
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 701North-Hampton (Boston 1745), 4; quoted in Edwards to the Reverend Thomas Clap, May
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 702Works, 16: 163–72, quotation, p. 172. See also Edwards, Copies of Two Letters Cited by the
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 703Works, 16: 163–72, quotation, p. 172. See also Edwards, Copies of Two Letters Cited by the
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 704Eighteenth-Century Scottish Revival, 1735–1750'' (Ph.D. diss., St. Mary's College, Uni-
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 705Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991), 133–55; Arnold Dallimore, George
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 706(Edinburgh, 1960), 528–29.
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 707129–42, summarizes ten attacks and three replies by Whiteﬁeld.
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 708Boston, July 29, 1745, reproduced in Tyerman, Rev. George Whiteﬁeld, 2: 150–51.
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 709a couple of weeks earlier as he said in this letter.
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 710ampton, Massachusetts, from Its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898,
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 711ampton, Massachusetts, from Its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898,
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 712the same text had been on the theme, ''It is in vain for any to expect to have their prayers
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 713the same text had been on the theme, ''It is in vain for any to expect to have their prayers
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 714(April 4, 1745). On the widespread millennial interpretations of the Louisbourg victory in
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 715(April 4, 1745). On the widespread millennial interpretations of the Louisbourg victory in
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 716violence; and in a French garrison I suppose there are devils of that kind, that they are not
pp. 588–588 · ≈ 4 min 717''Taking Louisbourg by Prayer: Responses of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin to
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 718in Getting Him the Victory (Boston, 1745), 12. Cf. pp. 12–19.
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 719Eyes (Boston, 1745), 34. Cf. p. 35. The ''King of Glory,'' etc. is from Psalm 24. Chauncy,
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 720Edwards to the Reverend William McCulloch, May 12, 1746, Works, 16: 209 (quotation).
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 721On October 16, 1746, Edwards preached a fast day sermon, Isaiah 33:19–24, on the occasion
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 722Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). On the
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 723by the Present Rebellion in Favour of the Pretender. February 6th, 1746 (Boston, 1746), 24, 25,
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 724in Hatch, Sacred Cause of Liberty, 50. Hatch provides valuable expositions of such themes.
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 725were registered, thirty-two in 1746, twenty-seven in 1747, and forty-three in 1748.
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 726were registered, thirty-two in 1746, twenty-seven in 1747, and forty-three in 1748.
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 72730. Ibid., 149–50; and Kevin Sweeney, ''River Gods and Minor Related Deities: The
pp. 589–589 · ≈ 4 min 728Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), e.g.,
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 729Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), e.g.,
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 730Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), e.g.,
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 731touched the Edwards family most directly with the death of Jonathan's brother-in-law, the
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 732sent to Rhode Island for wool and molasses in May 1745 (before the local Indian threat)
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 733Edwards to the Reverend Joseph Bellamy, January 15, 1747, Works, 16: 217.
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 734History of Northampton, 2: 169.
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 735History of Northampton, 2: 169.
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 736History of Northampton, 2: 169.
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 7371654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 177–78. How many were living in 1747 is
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 738and twenty chairs, presumably straight. They owned one table, plus a writing table, a book
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 739and twenty chairs, presumably straight. They owned one table, plus a writing table, a book
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 7404. Hopkins, Life, 43.
pp. 590–590 · ≈ 4 min 741Minkema for this information. Edwards also catechized the children of the town and set
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 742Character,'' 95–96. On breaking the will, see chapter 1, note 24, above.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 743Old Light pastor Joseph Noyes and was friends with the daughters of Rector Clap,
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 744Northern New England, 1650–1750 (New York: Vintage, 1980), 35–50.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 745Works, 7: 445–46.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 746Works, 7: 445–46.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 747Works, 7: 445–46.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 748Works, 7: 445–46.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 749Works, 7: 445–46.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 750Works, 7: 445–46.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 751of the missionary's published journal when he was amazed to see the returning travelers at
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 752detained by the increase in his disorder.'' Thomas Brainerd, The Life of John Brainerd
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 753Corinthians 5:8 (October 9, 1747), in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 26–36.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 754Corinthians 5:8 (October 9, 1747), in Works of Jonathan Edwards, ed. Hickman, 2: 26–36.
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 755to Mary Edwards Dwight, April 18, 1758, in Esther Edwards Burr, The Journal of Esther
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 756Boston does not indicate any more than that she was caring for him. Brainerd's stay for
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 757Boston does not indicate any more than that she was caring for him. Brainerd's stay for
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 758Boston does not indicate any more than that she was caring for him. Brainerd's stay for
pp. 591–591 · ≈ 4 min 759so does not appear in the collected letters. Edwards to John Erskine, August 31, 1748,
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 760''Jonathan Dickinson,'' in American National Biography, ed. John Garraty and Mark
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 761Alexander, Biographical Sketches of the Founder and Principal Alumni of the Log College
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 762columns.) I am indebted to Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 80–83, for his analysis of these
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 763columns.) I am indebted to Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 80–83, for his analysis of these
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 764columns.) I am indebted to Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Works, 7: 80–83, for his analysis of these
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 765the omission of the July 1743 incident, see Pettit, ''Introduction,'' Life of David Brainerd,
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 766and the Persistence of Puritan Piety,'' in Francis Bremer, ed., Puritanism: Transatlantic
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 767a ''disease'' that could be mistaken for ''desertion by God'' doubtless would have applied to
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 768romantic interest in Jerusha when he left for Northampton later that year.
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 769(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 62–86. On the contrasting ideals
pp. 592–592 · ≈ 4 min 770After Elisha Clark Was Killed (August 1747).
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 771After Elisha Clark Was Killed (August 1747).
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 772After Elisha Clark Was Killed (August 1747).
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 773summary regarding the Concert of Prayer follows closely that of Stephen J. Stein, ''Edi-
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 774People, Works, 5: 349, where he quotes a Scottish pastor who said of the Lord's Prayer, that
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 775Perry Miller, eds., The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Conse-
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 776Perry Miller, eds., The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Conse-
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 777Perry Miller, eds., The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Conse-
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 778Edwards worked within a well-developed tradition of interpretation. See ibid., 1–74.
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 779Edwards worked within a well-developed tradition of interpretation. See ibid., 1–74.
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 780Edwards worked within a well-developed tradition of interpretation. See ibid., 1–74.
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 781Protestant Visions of the Last Things, 1880–1925 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 782Moses Lowman, an inﬂuential recent interpreter who argued that the rise of the papacy
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 78349. ''An Account of Events Probably Fulﬁlling the Sixth Vial on the River Euphrates,
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 784William McCulloch, October 7, 1748, Works, 16: 255–56.
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 78553. Wertenbaker, Princeton, 25–26.
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 78654. Edwards to John Erskine, October 14, 1748, Works, 16: 261, quoting part (appar-
pp. 593–593 · ≈ 4 min 7871940), 218, citing Extracts from the Itineraries and Other Miscellanies of Ezra Stiles, ed.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 788Edwards, May 31, 1748, Works, 16: 262–63.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 789pages from MS sermon notes on Job 36: 26–27 and Hosea 3: 1–3, Beinecke. The date is in
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 790versity Press, 1946), 29, quoting a student of the College of New Jersey in 1752.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 7911654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 196–97.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 792long as we know how to be.'' Edwards to Sarah Edwards, June 22, 1748, Works, 16: 247.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 793long as we know how to be.'' Edwards to Sarah Edwards, June 22, 1748, Works, 16: 247.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 794Breaking and Withering of the Strong Rods of a Community, June 26, 1748 (Boston, 1748),
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 795the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 393–401.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 7969. Trumbull, History of Northampton, 2: 101.
pp. 594–594 · ≈ 4 min 797''servant'' seems to suggest that male African slaves who were full members of the church
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 798Lieutenant Elisha Hawley (see chapter 22, below), or he may still have been still reacting to
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 799(1752), Works, 12: 61–62; 361, for samples of the sort of brief profession he was requesting.
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 800ist and Christian World, October 3, 1903, reprinted in Iain Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 801ford Seminary Foundation, as transcribed by George Claghorn, recounted that in winter
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 802Houghton Library, MS Am 1427.1 [1]), May 6, 1749, transcribed by George Claghorn,
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 803Houghton Library, MS Am 1427.1 [1]), May 6, 1749, transcribed by George Claghorn,
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 804schism by 1750, totaling eighty congregations. Stephen Foster, The Long Argument: English
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 805schism by 1750, totaling eighty congregations. Stephen Foster, The Long Argument: English
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 806Church of England was apostate in response to a suggestion that a Connecticut congrega-
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 807included in An Humble Inquiry into the Rules of the Word of God, Concerning the Qualiﬁca-
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 808model, Stoddard denied that the Old Testament practices regarding Passover provided an
pp. 595–595 · ≈ 5 min 809bers made the half-way covenant less important than elsewhere, since it applied only to the
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 810twenty communicants, which include almost all our adult persons.'' Kenneth Minkema in
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 811Israelites, when they left Egypt, all partook of the Passover, with no profession required,
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 812an ambassador to a prince who asks a lady for a tangible sign that she accepts the prince's
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 813an ambassador to a prince who asks a lady for a tangible sign that she accepts the prince's
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 814Sensible Signs Represent: Jonathan Edwards' Sermons on the Lord's Supper,'' Pro Ecclesia
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 815Sensible Signs Represent: Jonathan Edwards' Sermons on the Lord's Supper,'' Pro Ecclesia
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 816in Danaher, ''By Sensible Signs,'' 283. I am much indebted to Danaher's analysis of the
pp. 596–596 · ≈ 5 min 817written ''my four eldest children (the youngest between six and seven years of age) have
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 818written ''my four eldest children (the youngest between six and seven years of age) have
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 819written ''my four eldest children (the youngest between six and seven years of age) have
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 820Edwards to Ebenezer Parkman, September 11, 1749, Works, 16: 291–92, detailing the di≈-
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 821Am 1427.1 [1]), transcribed by George Claghorn.
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 822''was'' to ''were'' in the ﬁrst quotation to ﬁt modern usage.) Cf. Edwards' detailed account
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 823Seth Pomeroy and Joseph Hawley as ''both worthy pious men.''
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 824Century Northampton (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980), 164–66, 257n, and Kathryn Kish
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 825Papers, New York Public Library, George Claghorn transcription. Edwards to John
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 826claims that Edwards was attempting to give himself dictatorial powers was that he had
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 827claims that Edwards was attempting to give himself dictatorial powers was that he had
pp. 597–597 · ≈ 4 min 828transcribed in ''Narrative of the Communion Controversy,'' 599.
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 829[Elisha Williams], The Essential Rights and Liberties of Protestants, A Seasonable Plea for the
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 830352–53. Edwards to Thomas Gillespie, July 1, 1750, ibid., 386.
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 8311940), 256, quoting Diary of David Hall, MS in Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 832Public Rejection of Their Minister . . . on June 22, 1750 (Boston, 1751), in Reader, 212–41.
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 833controversy, a few of the young people of the town had been hopefully awakened during
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 834wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 835wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 836wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 837wards was clearly still fuming over these o√enses and in no mood to forgive unless the
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 8381654, 2 vols. (Northampton, Mass., 1898, 1902), 2: 235.
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 839Trumbull, History of Northampton, 2: 227, 235–36.
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 840Dwight Family Papers, box 1, Beinecke, Claghorn transcription, mentions Edwards' trip
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 841pers, box 1, Beinecke, Claghorn transcription. It is not clear what Dwight's o≈ce was at
pp. 598–598 · ≈ 4 min 842concerns to a number of Edwards' ministerial friends (Thomas Prince, Thomas Foxcroft,
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 843conﬁrms his coolness to the plan for another church in Northampton.
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 844conﬁrms his coolness to the plan for another church in Northampton.
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 845made to go to Stockbridge, Edwards was importuned to settle in Virginia by a delegation
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 846had ﬁnanced and distributed the publication.
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 84730. [Williams], Essential Rights and Liberties. Although Williams' book included a
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 848387–93. His second wife, Elizabeth Scott, was a hymn-writer of some renown.
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 849they engaged Ashley to come and deliver some sermons opposing Edwards' views.
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 850they engaged Ashley to come and deliver some sermons opposing Edwards' views.
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 851cousin. His mother was a Chester and may have been related to the Chester sisters who
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 852Necessary to Lawful Communion in the Christian Sacraments, Being an Answer to the Rever-
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 853newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 854newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 855newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 856newspaper at Hawley's request and is reprinted in Dwight, Life, 421–27. In this letter
pp. 599–599 · ≈ 4 min 857186–87. See Trumbull, History of Northampton, for summaries of these men's careers.
pp. 600–600 · ≈ 5 min 858adding that Timothy Edwards may be more important than Stoddard as a model for
pp. 600–600 · ≈ 5 min 859adding that Timothy Edwards may be more important than Stoddard as a model for
pp. 600–600 · ≈ 5 min 860than Edwards, Church History 70 (December 2001): 674–704, presents a valuable analysis
pp. 600–600 · ≈ 5 min 861Boys: The Transformation of Gender in Eighteenth-Century Northampton, Massa-
pp. 600–600 · ≈ 5 min 862University of California Press, 1966), 91–116.
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 863University of California Press, 1966), 91–116.
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 864chapter 23. The Mission
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 865Connecticut whom the seventeenth-century New England settlers encountered. James
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 866Williams family was Welsh in origin. The settlers were all from New England, and I am
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 867ation of Indian Land in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, 1736–1818,'' New England Quarterly
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 868(Stockbridge, Mass.: Berkshire Traveller Press, 1974), 31.
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 869(New York, 1972 [Boston, 1753]), 89. On Hannah Edwards, see Wheeler, ''Living upon
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 870its hillside location to downtown Stockbridge not far from the site of Sergeant's original
pp. 601–601 · ≈ 4 min 871Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), 81.
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 872number of English families at ten, which seems more reliable than the twelve or thirteen
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 873number of English families at ten, which seems more reliable than the twelve or thirteen
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 874number of English families at ten, which seems more reliable than the twelve or thirteen
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 875to Edwards' arrival.
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 876gan's wonderful chapter 5, ''Abigail'' in Morgan, Ezra Stiles, 78–89. ''More ways than one''
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 877and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 464–65.
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 878and the Connecticut River Valley, 1637–1790'' (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1986), 464–65.
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 879Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth Trust, 1988),
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 880Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, Pa.: Banner of Truth Trust, 1988),
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 881liams: A Documentary Life, ed. Wyllis E. Wright (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berskire County
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 882with the strict Edward Billings of Cold Spring, one of Edwards' ﬁrmest supporters in the
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 883Town (New York: Vintage, 1995), 36, 19–40, 56. Eventually the Stockbridge moved again
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 884American, 1715–1763 (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976). The weather is from
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 885American, 1715–1763 (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976). The weather is from
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 886American, 1715–1763 (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976). The weather is from
pp. 602–602 · ≈ 4 min 887and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 888and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 889and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 890and especially in Edwards to Pepperrell, November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 404, 407–13. Ed-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 891homestead and other land near the town for wood. The former most likely was to provide
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 892homestead and other land near the town for wood. The former most likely was to provide
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 893livered at ''Jonathan Edwards in Historical Memory'' conference, Coral Gables, Fla.,
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 894in Frazier, Mohicans of Stockbridge, 94.
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 895in Frazier, Mohicans of Stockbridge, 94.
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 896(Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1976), 15–16. Jonathan Sr., however, declined to learn
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 897Wertenbaker, Princeton: 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 29. Es-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 898Wertenbaker, Princeton: 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 29. Es-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 899Wertenbaker, Princeton: 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 29. Es-
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 900McCulloch, November 24, 1752, Works, 16: 544.
pp. 603–603 · ≈ 4 min 901tary Andrew Oliver, May 1752, Works, 16: 476.
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 902Account of His Services among the Indians . . . .,'' Collections of the Massachusetts Historical
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 903Hope,'' who quotes, p. 178, from David Brainerd, Mirabilia Die Inter Indicos . . . a Jour-
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 904Hope,'' 177.
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 905chapter 24. Frontier Struggles
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 9061751 or January 1752. As late as November 28, 1751, Works, 16: 413, Edwards was still writing
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 907reel 8, II, 12 (10), Jonathan Edwards Manuscript Collection, ANTS, transcription fur-
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 908reel 8, II, 12 (10), Jonathan Edwards Manuscript Collection, ANTS, transcription fur-
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 909reel 8, II, 12 (10), Jonathan Edwards Manuscript Collection, ANTS, transcription fur-
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 910wards to Oliver, May 1752, Works, 16: 475. See Patrick Frazier, The Mohicans of Stockbridge
pp. 604–604 · ≈ 4 min 911Hubbard, March 30, 1752, Works, 16: 461–68, and March 19, 1753, pp. 572–74.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 912Hubbard, March 30, 1752, Works, 16: 461–68, and March 19, 1753, pp. 572–74.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 913Hubbard, March 30, 1752, Works, 16: 461–68, and March 19, 1753, pp. 572–74.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 914from typescript from George Claghorn, from Massachusetts Archives (hereafter MA), 32:
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 915to place his own son as head of the boarding school. Dwight had alleged that Edwards
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 916Works, 16: 526, alleged that Dwight planned to divert the king's bounty of £500 sterling
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 917Dwight to help him sell some land at Winchester. Cf. Wyllis Wright, Colonel Ephraim
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 918Works, 16: 423.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 919Works, 16: 423.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 920Rhode Island Historical Society (hereafter RIHS), transcribed by George Claghorn.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 921conversation with Abigail, which he thought was ''altogether friendly.'' His fullest sum-
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 922Williams to Edwards, August 19, 1752, RIHS.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 923Williams to Edwards, August 19, 1752, RIHS.
pp. 605–605 · ≈ 5 min 924Dwight to Thomas Williams, November 1, 1752, in Wright, Colonel Ephraim Williams, 67.
pp. 606–606 · ≈ 5 min 925Court the report of the legislature's committee to oversee the mission. The committee,
pp. 606–606 · ≈ 5 min 926Pepperrell, dated August 29, 1753, urging Pepperrell to write to Joseph Paice, one of the
pp. 606–606 · ≈ 5 min 927bard, March 19, 1753, Works, 16: 564–76, a more formal refutation of Dwight's charges,
pp. 606–606 · ≈ 5 min 928occasion of this revealing letter is that shortly after the death of Elizabeth's husband,
pp. 606–606 · ≈ 5 min 929printed in Usher Parsons, The Life of Sir William Pepperrell (Boston, 1855), 252. Pepperrell
pp. 606–606 · ≈ 5 min 930Gideon Hawley of Mashpee, Containing an Account of His Services among the Indi-
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 931quaga Indians, who left at the same time, made clear that their disillusionment was with
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 932Works, 16: 581–86, outlines this plan. Edwards also recommended that the Ashleys be
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 933Works, 16: 581–86, outlines this plan. Edwards also recommended that the Ashleys be
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 934trip, drawing directly from a diary he had kept at the time.
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 935Williams Jr. et al., September 11, 1753, September 18, 1753, and November 19, 1753, Works, 16:
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 936the mission was that so many agencies were involved in its oversight that it was seldom
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 937626–27, 629–43.
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 938Mohawks. At ﬁrst the Mahicans had welcomed their old enemies as needed allies and had
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 939Mohawks. At ﬁrst the Mahicans had welcomed their old enemies as needed allies and had
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 940Mohawks. At ﬁrst the Mahicans had welcomed their old enemies as needed allies and had
pp. 607–607 · ≈ 4 min 941of the incident is based on Edwards' letter and on the account in Frazier, Mohicans of
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 942Invasion Within: The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America (New York: Oxford
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 943Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976), Wright, Colonel Ephraim Williams, 74–75; Fred
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 944wards' Last Will, and Inventory of His Estate,'' taken from Bibliotheca Sacra 33 (1876): 438–
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 945wards' Last Will, and Inventory of His Estate,'' taken from Bibliotheca Sacra 33 (1876): 438–
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 946was Edwards able to perform his full duties, preaching ﬁve sermons to the Indians and ﬁve
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 947was Edwards able to perform his full duties, preaching ﬁve sermons to the Indians and ﬁve
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 948quotes, p. 107, the letter from Samuel Hopkins to Joseph Bellamy, September 3, 1754. Also
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 949MA, 13: 581–82. Photocopy furnished by George Claghorn. Quotations are also found in
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 950MA, 13: 581–82. Photocopy furnished by George Claghorn. Quotations are also found in
pp. 608–608 · ≈ 4 min 951Edwards Burr, 1754–1757, ed. Carol Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 952form of extended letters to her friend Sally Prince, daughter of Thomas Prince, in Boston.
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 953illnesses, Edwards repreached to his English congregation a thanksgiving sermon that he
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 954state as to my health.''
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 955state as to my health.''
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 956Foxcroft, March 8, 1755, Works, 16: 658.
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 957Foxcroft might hear of plans for Edwards to leave. Dwight also wrote to Foxcroft regard-
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 958Claghorn's note, Works, 16: 659n.
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 959quoted in Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 12: 396.
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 960Foxcroft, June 3, 1755, Works, 16: 668.
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 961Edwards had moved his Stockbridge boys to the safer conﬁnes of Bethlehem, where his
pp. 609–609 · ≈ 4 min 962Burr, 1754–1757, ed. Carol F. Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale Univer-
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 963British North America, 1754–1766 (New York: Knopf, 2000), 86–114, provides the most
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 964Burr, 163–64 and August 8–9, p. 142. Burr wrote almost daily to Prince in what is virtually a
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 965Day Set Apart for Solemn Fasting and Prayer, on Account of the Late Encroachments of the
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 966Braddock is new. Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 967Braddock is new. Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 968Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 969Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 970Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 971Documentary Life (Pittsﬁeld, Mass.: Berkshire County Historical Society, 1970), 127–49.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 972History of Northampton, Massachusetts, from Its Settlement in 1654, 2 vols. (Northampton,
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 973Sedgwick and Christina Sedgwick Marquand, Stockbridge, 1739–1974 (Stockbridge, Mass.:
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 97412. Wright, Colonel Ephraim Williams, 110–11, 153–61.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 97513. Edwards to John Erskine, December 11, 1755, Works, 16: 679–81.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 97614. Burr, Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, September 26 to October 11, 1755, pp. 153–58.
pp. 610–610 · ≈ 4 min 9771940), 287. George Claghorn in his ''Character Summary: Gideon Hawley,'' furnished to
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 9781940), 287. George Claghorn in his ''Character Summary: Gideon Hawley,'' furnished to
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 979His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 980His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 981His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 982His close friend Joseph Bellamy had received a much-disputed call to pastor the divided
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 983tions a visit from ''the oyster man,'' March 21, 1755, p. 102. We have record of a number of
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 984the learning and the academic discipline of the boys disappointing.
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 985Prince, August 16 to September 19, 1756, in Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 217–24.
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 986Point expedition and moved into a defensive position, p. 157.
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 987Longhouse: The People of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 988Longhouse: The People of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 989quoted in Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 12: 399, cf. 398–400. Later, when Hawley was settled
pp. 611–611 · ≈ 5 min 990Hawley of Mashpee, Containing an Account of His Services among the Indians . . . ,''
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 991693–94, and ''Editor's Introduction,'' p. 693.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 992versity Press, 1946), 38–40. Wertenbaker omits any reference to the revival which inaugu-
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 993February 21, 1757, as excerpted in Edwards to John Erskine, April 12, 1757, Works, 16: 703–4.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 994Burr, 250–58.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 995Burr, 250–58.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 996Burr, 250–58.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 997Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 271. Edwards to Joseph Bellamy, August 6, 1757, Works, 16:
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 998December 22, 1757, p. 299. Cf. ''Introduction,'' 17, which says the fever was malaria.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 999ber 2, 1757, in Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 292–95. Edwards to Esther Burr, Novem-
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1000of Edwards transcription. Stockton was engaged to Annis Boudinot, a close friend of
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1001with ﬂaccid solids, vapid, sizy and scarce ﬂuids, and a low tide of spirits; often occasioning
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1002with ﬂaccid solids, vapid, sizy and scarce ﬂuids, and a low tide of spirits; often occasioning
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1003November 4, 1757, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1004November 4, 1757, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1005November 4, 1757, Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1006chapter 26. Against an ''Almost Inconceivably Pernicious'' Doctrine
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1007chapter 26. Against an ''Almost Inconceivably Pernicious'' Doctrine
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1008chapter 26. Against an ''Almost Inconceivably Pernicious'' Doctrine
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 10091. Edwards to Trustees of the College of New Jersey, October 19, 1757, Works, 16: 729.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 10102. Freedom of the Will, Works, 1: 437.
pp. 612–612 · ≈ 4 min 1011Public Library, George Claghorn transcription.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 10121955), 63–72, provides a useful overview which I have followed. Wright mentions a number
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1013the Following Subjects . . . (Boston, 1756), 27, both quoted in Clyde A. Holbrook, ''Editor's
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1014''Editor's Introduction,'' 697–98.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 101515: 12–21.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 101615: 12–21.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1017Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1018Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1019Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1020Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), 143–98.
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1021the American Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967); Isaac Kramnick,
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1022lem of Human Nature,'' in Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1023Arminian challenge to Calvinist doctrines: total depravity, unconditional election, limited
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1024dletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1989), 11–13, and Norman Fiering, Jonathan
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1025tial authors. Thomas Chubb (1679–1747) was a popular English opponent of much tradi-
pp. 613–613 · ≈ 4 min 1026them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1027them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1028them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1029them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1030them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1031them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1032them and with many possible objections to them at length, pp. 375–429.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1033Locke, who was inﬂuenced by Hobbes. Ramsey, ''Introduction,'' Freedom of the Will,
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1034Locke, who was inﬂuenced by Hobbes. Ramsey, ''Introduction,'' Freedom of the Will,
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1035Edwards transcription). Cf. Ramsey's analysis, ''Introduction,'' Freedom of the Will, Works,
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1036inferior beings if governed by blind chance. ''Whereas machines are guided by an under-
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1037Will, Works, 1: 381–83. In Original Sin, see chapter 27, below, Edwards dealt more directly
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1038Principles of Morality and Natural Religion, by Lord Kames; in a Letter to a Minister of the
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1039Principles of Morality and Natural Religion, by Lord Kames; in a Letter to a Minister of the
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1040Religious Tradition and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1041lish its author as the greatest philosopher-theologian yet to grace the American scene.''
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 10422. ''Book of Controversies,'' Beinecke, Works of Edwards transcription.
pp. 614–614 · ≈ 4 min 1043tion,'' Works, 3: 20.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1044tion,'' Works, 3: 20.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1045debated whether to put his discussion of moral sense in Original Sin or True Virtue (where
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1046Calvinism, the Congregational Ministry, and Reform in New England between the Great
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1047Hopkins, 55.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 10488. Original Sin, Works, 3: 102.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 10499. Ibid., 152–53, cf. 107–205.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1050apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1051apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1052apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1053apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1054apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1055apparent implication of the Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. 6:3, which speaks of
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1056discussion of related problems, pp. 99–118.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1057discussion of related problems, pp. 99–118.
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1058sion of some of the problems regarding Edwards' multiple levels of causality, Holbrook,
pp. 615–615 · ≈ 4 min 1059Sin was the least inﬂuential of his major theological works. In the nineteenth century even
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1060Sin was the least inﬂuential of his major theological works. In the nineteenth century even
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1061University of California Press, 1966), 91–116. Gay was challenging the emphases of Perry
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1062York: Oxford University Press, 2002), provides an excellent recent account.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1063461 (1729–30) Works, 13, and 702 (1736–37), Works, 18.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1064461 (1729–30) Works, 13, and 702 (1736–37), Works, 18.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1065Sin in 1758, which Edwards had likely read and approved before he left Stockbridge. See
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1066[1734]), Epistle 1, ll. 289–94, pp. 50–51; Epistle, 3, ll. 109–14, p. 103.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1067see Paul Ramsey, ''Introduction,'' Works, 1: 113–17.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1068to whom the dissertation is addressed, Concerning the End for Which God Created the World,
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1069York: Scribner's, 1903).
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1070(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com-
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1071(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com-
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1072(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com-
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1073(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981), provides by far the most com-
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1074Harvard University Press, 1989), 248–50.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 107513. Francis Hutcheson, A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy (Glasgow, 1747), 16–17.
pp. 616–616 · ≈ 4 min 1076Enlightenment (New York, 2000), 175–76. The idea that private vices beget public beneﬁts
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 10771680–1760 (New York: Twayne, 1997), 3–4. See also Ned Landsman, Scotland and Its First
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 10781680–1760 (New York: Twayne, 1997), 3–4. See also Ned Landsman, Scotland and Its First
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1079almost all the contemporary philosophers included some mention of duty to God. Yet he
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1080almost all the contemporary philosophers included some mention of duty to God. Yet he
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1081tions (London, 1728), 210–11, quotation p. 211.
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1082tions (London, 1728), 210–11, quotation p. 211.
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1083century formulations, see Fiering, Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought, e.g., 345.
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1084century formulations, see Fiering, Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought, e.g., 345.
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1085century formulations, see Fiering, Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought, e.g., 345.
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1086proportion, so anyone might appreciate it as a ''secondary beauty,'' and even evil persons
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1087it simply means to love our own happiness, which is simply to love what we love. The
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1088it simply means to love our own happiness, which is simply to love what we love. The
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1089regarded only truly spiritual persons as having a ''truly spiritual sense or virtuous taste.''
pp. 617–617 · ≈ 4 min 1090College of New Jersey, October 19, 1757, Works, 16: 725–30.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1091Messianic Prophecy, and 'The Harmony of the Old and New Testaments,' '' in Jonathan
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 10922000), 433. Cf. pp. 431–42, on the two late great works.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1093section to Stein's most helpful overview of Edwards' biblical work.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1094and Scriptural Exegesis,'' in Jonathan Edwards and the American Experience, ed. Nathan O.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1095cellanies,'' but they were separate enterprises.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1096cellanies,'' but they were separate enterprises.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1097the Bible (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), is especially valuable in docu-
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1098the Bible (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), is especially valuable in docu-
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1099the Bible (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), is especially valuable in docu-
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1100in nineteenth-century versions of Edwards' works as ''The Insu≈ciency of Reason as a
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 110114. ''E≈cacious Grace,'' book 2, pp. 62–63, Beinecke, as transcribed and quoted by
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1102ed. Hickman, 2: 557.
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1103way to answer the eighteenth-century critics of the morality of some biblical teachings. For
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1104way to answer the eighteenth-century critics of the morality of some biblical teachings. For
pp. 618–618 · ≈ 4 min 1105this quotation (p. 44) in developing this theme and also points out in a related note (p. 219)
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1106God has provided for his people, no more than probable evidences of the truth of the
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1107created minds, free will etc.,'' and a third ''Of excellency, Trinity, etc.'' That would be
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1108created minds, free will etc.,'' and a third ''Of excellency, Trinity, etc.'' That would be
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1109furnishes much other valuable information on the project.
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1110later published as An Unpublished Essay of Edwards on the Trinity, ed. George P. Fisher
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1111Works of Edwards transcription. Cf. Wilson's very helpful analysis, Works, 9: 61–72.
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1112ogy, Enlightenment Religion, and Non-Christian Faiths (New York: Oxford University
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1113University of California Press, 1966), 88–117. Gay's astute observations are marred by his
pp. 619–619 · ≈ 4 min 1114wards and the Bible, 164. Brown, esp. pp. 64–76, has a helpful discussion of this theme.
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1115dia of Philosophy, 4: 445.
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1116Jonathan Edwards (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), esp. 211–14.
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1117Jonathan Edwards (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), esp. 211–14.
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1118that Edwards wrote on at some length. See ''Concerning the Necessity and Reasonable-
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1119creation and providence, are subordinate to the work of redemption.'' In Miscellany no.
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1120scription. Cf. Dwight, Life, 581. Susannah also reported that for his sermon in Stockbridge
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1121scription. Cf. Dwight, Life, 581. Susannah also reported that for his sermon in Stockbridge
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1122York: Scribner's, 1901), May 24, 1779, 2: 337, quoted in Ola Winslow, Jonathan Edwards,
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1123York: Scribner's, 1901), May 24, 1779, 2: 337, quoted in Ola Winslow, Jonathan Edwards,
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 11245. Hopkins, Life, 79.
pp. 620–620 · ≈ 5 min 1125Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 274.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1126Wertenbaker, Princeton, 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 37–38.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1127Wertenbaker, Princeton, 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 37–38.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1128Wertenbaker, Princeton, 1746–1896 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 37–38.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1129transcription.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1130words that sound suspiciously conventional, especially as they were not included in Ship-
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1131words that sound suspiciously conventional, especially as they were not included in Ship-
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1132words that sound suspiciously conventional, especially as they were not included in Ship-
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1133disciples and descendants who cared for and edited his papers. Yet nothing that has
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1134of Esther Edwards Burr, 302–3.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1135of Esther Edwards Burr, 302–3.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1136tion, George Claghorn transcription.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1137tion, George Claghorn transcription.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1138Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 307–8.
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1139wards (Boston, 1765), appendix, p. 97. (This appendix is not in the Levin republication
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1140wards (Boston, 1765), appendix, p. 97. (This appendix is not in the Levin republication
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1141family in Philadelphia until 1760 when Timothy Edwards, recently married, became their
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1142spearean tragedy where bodies strew a stage.'' Elisabeth D. Dodds, Marriage to a Di≈cult
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1143ligious Tradition, and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
pp. 621–621 · ≈ 4 min 1144Letters, ed. Lester J. Cappon (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 399,
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1145of Divine Wonders: The New Divinity and Village Revivals in Northwestern Connecticut,
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1146points out its speciﬁcally Edwardsean character, quotation, p. 104. See ibid., on Edwards'
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1147Originally published as Jukes-Edwards: A Study in Education and Heredity (Harrisburg,
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1148Originally published as Jukes-Edwards: A Study in Education and Heredity (Harrisburg,
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1149Originally published as Jukes-Edwards: A Study in Education and Heredity (Harrisburg,
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 11501930), 36, 63, 66–67, 253. Cf. Conforti, Edwards, 186–90 on Parkes, Vernon Parrington,
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1151Joseph Haroutunian, Piety versus Moralism: The Passing of the New England Theology
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1152Joseph Haroutunian, Piety versus Moralism: The Passing of the New England Theology
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1153Clark, 1937), 101–3, 113–16, 135–45.
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1154Edwards, for example, lists more than ﬁve hundred publications just for the 1980s. M. X.
pp. 622–622 · ≈ 4 min 1155cally are Robert Jenson, America's Theologian: A Recommendation of Jonathan Edwards
pp. 622–638 · ≈ 78 min

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