the time in ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 792. See, above, chapter 2, where this passage is
∑≤∂ Notes to Pages 63–72
for the modernizing. Elisha Williams may have been ahead of the New Haven tutors in introducing modern authors. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 13–15.
15. He remarks on his distinct memory of this change and of not understanding it at the time in ''Personal Narrative,'' Works, 16: 792. See, above, chapter 2, where this passage is quoted.
16. Fiering, Edwards's Moral Thought, 33–40. See also Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' in Works, 6: passim; and Morris, Young Jonathan Edwards, 164.
17. Conrad Cherry, The Theology of Jonathan Edwards: A Reappraisal (Garden City: Doubleday Anchor, 1966), 15, citing a similar comment by Leon Howard.
18. These are the best surmises concerning the dating based on careful detective work by Thomas A. Schafer and by Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 147–53.
19. ''Of Insects,'' Works, 6: 154–62. 20. The literature on this topic is immense. John Hedley Brooke, Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), and Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689–1720 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976), both put such arguments in their social contexts.
21. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 147–50. 22. Anderson, ''Note on the 'Spider' Papers,'' Works, 6: 152–53, 163n. Edwards has usually been credited with some originality in his observations, although Lister anticipated some of them. See Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' Works, 6: 39–40n.
23. ''Things To Be Considered an[d] Written Fully About,'' Works, 6: 219–95. 24. Ibid., 221; and ''Of the Rainbow,'' Works, 6: 298–304. 25. Hopkins, Life, 6. 26. Kenneth Silverman, The Life and Times of Cotton Mather (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), 336–63.
27. Ibid., 41. 28. David D. Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England (New York: Knopf, 1989), 71, and 71–116 for best account of this.
29. Michael G. Hall, The Last American Puritan: The Life of Increase Mather, 1639–1723 (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1988), 81–89, 158–61, 165–66. Cf. Michael Winship, Seers of God: Puritan Providentialism in the Restoration and Early Enlightenment (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 26.
30. Winship, Seers of God, 93–105. 31. Diary, January 2, 1723. Edwards retained this skepticism as exemplified when he criticized George Whitefield and others for being guided by ''impulses'' (see chapter 14, below) or edited out such leadings from David Brainerd's diary. Cf. Winship, Seers of God, 151.
32. ''Things To Be Considered,'' in Works, 6: 231. 33. On deists, see, for instance, Gordon Rupp, Religion in England, 1688–1791 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1986), 257–77.
34. Richard Westfall, Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 302. Descartes would have denied this implication of his philosophy, maintaining that God was necessary to sustain the material world from moment to moment. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' in Works, 6: 57.
35. Westfall, Never at Rest, 303. 36. Anderson, ''Editor's Introduction,'' in Works, 6: 58n. Cf. Westfall, Never at Rest, 505, 509–10, 647. My account of Newton is based on Westfall's, passim.