The Declaration Of The Congregational Union Of England And Wales. A.D. 1833.
THE DECLARATION OF THE CONGREGATIONAL UNION OF ENGLAND AND WALES. A.D. 1833.
[This is printed annually in the
Congregational Year-Book, London. See Vol. I. p. 730.]
Declaration of the Faith, Church Order, and Discipline of the
Congregational or Independent
Dissenters.
Adopted at the Annual Meeting of the Congregational Union, May, 1833.
The Congregational Churches in England and Wales, frequently called Independent, hold the following doctrines, as of divine
authority, and as the foundation of Christian faith and practice. They are also formed and governed according to the principles
hereinafter stated.
PRELIMINARY NOTES.
It is not designed, in the following summary, to do more than to state the leading doctrines of faith and order maintained
by Congregational Churches in general.
It is not proposed to offer any proofs, reasons, or arguments, in support of the doctrines herein stated, but simply to
declare what the Denomination believes to be aught by the pen of inspiration.
It is not intended to present a scholastic or critical confession of faith, but merely such a statement as any intelligent
member of the body might offer, as containing its leading principles.
It is not intended that the following statement should be put forth with any authority, or as a standard to which assent
should be required.
Disallowing the utility of creeds and articles of religion as a bond of union, and protesting against subscription to any
human formularies as a term of communion, Congrega-tionalists are yet willing to declare, for general information, what is
commonly believed among them, reserving to every one the most perfect liberty of conscience.
Upon some minor points of doctrine and practice, they, differing among themselves, allow to each other the right to form
an unbiased judgment of the Word of God.
They wish it to be observed, that, notwithstanding their jealousy of subscription to creeds and articles, and their disapproval
of the imposition of any human standard, whether of faith or discipline, they are far more agreed in their doctrines and practices
than any Church which enjoins subscription and enforces a human standard of orthodoxy; and they believe that there is no minister
and no church among them that would deny the substance of any one of the following doctrines of religion, though each might
prefer to state his sentiments in his own way.
PRINCIPLES OF RELIGION.
The Scriptures of the Old Testament, as received by the Jews, and the books of the New Testament, as received by the Primitive
Christians from the Evangelists and Apostles, Congregational Churches believe to be divinely inspired, and of supreme authority.
These writings, in the languages in which they were originally composed, are to be consulted, by the aids of sound criticism, as a final appeal in all controversies; but the common version they consider
to be adequate to the ordinary purposes of Christian instruction and edification.
They believe in One God, essentially wise, holy, just, and good; eternal, infinite, and immutable in all natural and moral
perfections; the Creator, Supporter, and Governor of all beings and of all things.
They believe that God is revealed in the Scriptures, as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and that to each are
attributable the same divine properties and perfections. The doctrine of the divine existence, as above stated, they cordially
believe, without attempting fully to explain.
They believe that man was created after the divine image, sinless, and, in his kind, perfect.
They believe that the first man disobeyed the divine command, fell from his state of innocence and purity, and involved
all his posterity in the consequences of that fall.
They believe that, therefore, all mankind are born in sin, and that a fatal inclination to moral evil, utterly incurable
by human means, is inherent in every descendant of Adam.
They believe that God, having, before the foundation of the world, designed to redeem fallen man, made disclosures of
his mercy, which were the grounds of faith and hope from the earliest ages.
They believe that God revealed more fully to Abraham the covenant of his grace, and, having promised that from his descendants
should arise the Deliverer and Redeemer of mankind, set that patriarch and his posterity apart, as a race specially favored
and separated to his service: a peculiar Church, formed and carefully preserved, under the divine sanction and government,
until the birth of the promised Messiah.
They believe that, in the fullness of the time, the Son of God was manifested in the flesh, being born of the l’irgin
Mary, but conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit; and that our Lord Jesus Christ was both the Son of Man and the Son of
God; partaking fully and truly of human nature, though without sin—equal with the Father and 'the express image of his person.'
They believe that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, revealed, either personally in his own ministry, or by the Holy Spirit
in the ministry of his apostles, the whole mind of God for our salvation; and that, by his obedience to the divine law while he lived, and
by his sufferings unto death, he meritoriously 'obtained eternal redemption for us;' having thereby vindicated and illustrated
divine justice, 'magnified the law,' and 'brought in everlasting righteousness.'
They believe that, after his death and resurrection, he ascended up into heaven, where, as the Mediator, he 'ever liveth'
to rule over all, and to 'make intercession for them that come unto God by him.'
They believe that the Holy Spirit is given, in consequence of Christ's mediation, to quicken and renew the hearts of
men; and that his influence is indispensably necessary to bring a sinner to true repentance, to produce saving faith, to regenerate
the heart, and to perfect our sanctification.
They believe that we are justified through faith in Christ, as 'the Lord our righteousness,' and not 'by the works of
the law.'
They believe that all who will be saved were the objects of God's eternal and electing love, and were given by an act
of divine sovereignty to the Son of God; which in no way interferes with the system of means, nor with the grounds of human
responsibility; being wholly unrevealed as to its objects, and not a rule of human duty.
They believe that the Scriptures teach the final perseverance of all true believers to a state of eternal blessedness,
which they are appointed to obtain through constant faith in Christ and uniform obedience to his commands.
They believe that a holy life will be the necessary effect of a true faith, and that good works are the certain fruits
of a vital union to Christ.
They believe that the sanctification of true Christians, or their growth in the graces of the Spirit, and meetness for
heaven, is gradually carried on through the whole period during which it pleases God to continue them in the present life,
and that, at death, their souls, perfectly freed from all remains of evil, are immediately received into the presence of Christ.
They believe in the perpetual obligation of Baptism and the Lord's Supper; the former to be administered to all converts
to Christianity and their children, by the application of water to the subject, 'in the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Ghost;' and the latter to be celebrated by Christian churches as a token of faith in the Saviour, and of brotherly love.
They believe that Christ will finally come to judge the whole human race according to their works; that the bodies of
the dead will be raised again; and that as the Supreme Judge, he will divide the righteous from the wicked, will receive the
righteous into 'life everlasting,' but send away the wicked into 'everlasting punishment.'
They believe that Jesus Christ directed his followers to live together in Christian fellowship, and to maintain the communion
of saints; and that, for this purpose, they are jointly to observe all divine ordinances, and maintain that church order and
discipline which is either expressly enjoined by inspired institution, or sanctioned by the undoubted example of the apostles
and of apostolic churches.
PRINCIPLES OF CHURCH ORDER AND DISCIPLINE.
The Congregational Churches hold it to be the will of Christ that true believers should voluntarily assemble together to
observe religious ordinances, to promote mutual edification and holiness, to perpetuate and propagate the gospel in the world,
and to advance the glory and worship of God, through Jesus Christ; and that each society of believers, having these objects
in view in its formation, is properly a Christian Church.
They believe that the New Testament contains, either in the form of express statute, or in the example and practice of
apostles and apostolic churches, all the articles of faith necessary to be believed, and all the principles of order and discipline
requisite for constituting and governing Christian societies; and that human traditions, fathers and councils, canons and
creeds, possess no authority over the faith and practice of Christians.
They acknowledge Christ as the only Head of the Church, and the officers of each church under him, as ordained to administer
his laws impartially to all; and their only appeal, in all questions touching their religious faith and practice is to the
Sacred Scriptures.
They believe that the New Testament authorizes every Christian church to elect its own officers, to manage all its own
affairs, and to stand independent of, and irresponsible to, all authority, saving that only of the supreme and divine Head
of the Church, the Lord Jesus Christ.
They believe that the only officers placed by the apostles over individual churches are the bishops or pastors and the
deacons; the number of these being dependent upon the numbers of the Church; and that to these, as the officers of the Church,
is committed respectively the administration of its spiritual and temporal concerns—subject, however, to the approbation of
the Church.
They believe that no persons should be received as members of Christian churches but such as make a credible profession
of Christianity, are living according to its precepts, and attest a willingness to be subject to its discipline; and that
none should be excluded from the fellowship of the church but such as deny the faith of Christ, violate his laws, or refuse
to submit themselves to the discipline which the Word of God enforces.
The power of admission into any Christian church, and rejection from it, they believe to be vested in the church itself,
and to be exercised only through the medium of its own officers.
They believe that Christian churches should statedly meet for the celebration of public worship, for the observance
of the Lord's Supper, and for the sanctification of the first day of the week.
They believe that the power of a Christian church is purely spiritual, and should in no way be corrupted by union with
temporal or civil power.
They believe that it is the duty of Christian churches to hold communion with each other, to entertain an enlarged affection
for each other, as members of the same body, and to co-operate for the promotion of the Christian cause; but that no church,
nor union of churches, has any right or power to interfere with the faith or discipline of any other church, further than
to separate from such as, in faith or practice, depart from the gospel of Christ.
They believe that it is the privilege and duty of every church to call forth such of its members as may appear to be qualified
by the Holy Spirit to sustain the office of the ministry; and that Christian churches unitedly ought to consider the maintenance
of the Christian ministry in an adequate degree of learning as one of their especial cares; that the cause of the gospel may
be both honorably sustained and constantly promoted.
They believe that church officers, whether bishops or deacons, should be chosen by the free voice of the church; but
that their dedication to the duties of their office should take place with special prayer, and by solemn designation, to which
most of the churches add the imposition of hands by those already in office.
They believe that the fellowship of every Christian church should be so liberal as to admit to communion in the Lord's
Supper all whose faith and godliness are, on the whole,
undoubted, though conscientiously differing in points of minor importance; and that this outward sign of fraternity in Christ
should be co-extensive with the fraternity itself, though without involving any compliances which conscience would deem to
be sinful.
