PL 40, 397-428; CSEL 41, 235-302; trans. FOC 27 (1955). (continued)
97. Widowhood for Juliana, The Good of (De bono viduitatis ad Julianam) a.v. 414; PL 40, 429-450; CSEL 41, 303-343; trans. FOC 16 (1952).
SYMBOLS USED IN LIST OF WRITINGS
PL: Patrologia Latina, Paris: J. P. Migne, 1844-1864. (Works of St. Augustine reprinted from the seventeenth-century Maurist edition, in PL volumes 32-47.) CSEL: Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum, Vienna: Tempsky, 1866-. (Works of St. Augustine are scattered in random numbered volumes.) CC: Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, under direction of the Monks of the Abbey of St. Pierre de Steenbrugge, Turnholti: Brepols; The Hague: Nijhoff, 1953—. Augustine volumes are: 29, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50 and SOA (1953-1968). ACW: Ancient Christian Writers, a series of English translations ed. by J. Quasten et al., Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1946—. (Augustine volumes are: 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 29, 30.) FOC: Fathers of the Church, a series of English translations ed. by R. Deferrari et al., New York: Fathers of the Church, Inc., 1948ff.; since 1960, Washington: Catholic U. Press.
(Sixteen volumes of St. Augustine's writings;are separately numbered, 1-16.) Dods: The Works of Aurelius Augustinus, ed. by Marcus Dods, 15 vols., Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark Co., 1871-1876.
Nicene: A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene
Fathers, ed. by Philip Schaff, New York: The Christian Literature Co. and Scribner's Sons, 1892. (Eight volumes devoted to Augustine. ) Oates: Basic Writings of St. Augustine, 2 vols., New York: Random House, 1948. (Reprints portions of Dods, except for two translations by G. C. Leckie.) LCC: Library of Christian Classics, Philadelphia: Westminster
Press; vol. 6: Augustine, Earlier Writings, ed. J. H. S. Burleigh, 1953; vol. 7: Augustine, Confessions and Enchiridion, ed. A. C. Outler, 1955; vol. 8: Augustine, Later Works, ed. J. Burnaby, 1955.
APPENDIX III
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The language of St. Augustine is the resultant of his training in Latin rhetoric (Virgil and Cicero are great influences here), his reading of Neoplatonic treatises in philosophy (parts of Plotinus' Enneads and Porphyry's short works), and above all his long study of the Latin Bible. Augustinian terminology is relatively simple and, indeed, familiar to those who have some acquaintance with biblical language. It is possible to read Augustine with understanding and enjoyment even though one does not have technical training in Patristic Latin. What some readers must avoid is attributing the complications of later
- theology or philosophy to the pioneer simplicity of Augustine's works, The following are key terms that have distinctive meanings. Abundant references to these terms in context will be found in the Index.
Reason: This constantly recurring term (ratio) has two basic meanings. Psychologically, reason is the "gaze of the mind" (aspectus mentis), which may be turned toward various objects by willing. When reason sees such an object, the result is vision (visio). Directed upward to God and eternal truths, this gaze is called superior reason (ratio superior); turned downward to creatures and temporal activities, it is called inferior reason (ratio inferior). Secondly, reason designates an ontological principle or cause of being and action. Thus, eternal reasons (rationes aeternae) are the divine archetypes or patterns of all created species and individuals: they are much like Plato's Ideal Forms, placed in the Mind of God. Seminal reasons (rationes seminales) are principles of living growth, reproduction, and activity, created by God in the very texture of the material elements. They are the invisible seeds from which all creatures grow during the course of time.
Soul: Each man is a soul using a body (anima utens corpore); the human soul is an incorporeal creature that is the immediate source of all man's activities and distinguishing features. Souls are incorruptible. Bodies are not the efficient causes of any actions: souls are. As conscious soul (animus, mens), the term is usually limited to men; anima is extended to include the life principles of other living beings.
Mind: The human soul as cognitive and feeling is called mind (mens); mind is the whole soul as the seat of awareness; it is not an accident, or distinct faculty, of the soul:"
Memory: The human soul as container of many thoughts and things is memory (memoria). Augustinian memory is not restricted to recall of the past; it applies to consciousness of past, present, and future items. Memory is the whole soul, not a mere faculty or function.
Will: This term completes the psychological trinity (mens, memoria, voluntas). Viewed as initiating and causing any and all of man's actions, whether incorporeal or corporeal, the whole soul is called will. Basically, mind, memory, and will are one substance.
Sensation: An active function of the soul, sensation (sensus) occurs when some physical change in one's body does not escape the attention of one's soul. The soul is not moved, or impressed, by bodily events. When I cut my finger, my soul "notices" this bodily change: the psychic action of noting the change is the sensation.
Knowledge: In the very general sense of any cognitive activity, knowledge is called notitia. More precisely, knowledge (scientia) designates that particular type of cognition which is associated with the inferior reason: its objects are mutable things and activities.
Wisdom: The use, or habitual condition (affectio), of the superior reason is called wisdom (sapientia). The direct objects of wise contemplation are God and eternal truths: the laws of numbering and logical thinking, and the virtues as moral principles, are known through wisdom.
APPENDIX III 259
Belief: In some translations, fides is rendered as faith; it means
the psychological act of assenting to that which is not seen (or directly understood by the believer). By natural faith Augustine believed that Patricius was his father; by religious faith he believed that there are three Persons in the divine Trinity. Belief rests on the testimony and authority of others.
Cogitation: Sometimes translated as conception, or thinking, cogitatio has a very special meaning. It is thinking by means of the collation of images of bodily things. There is, for Augustine, a higher kind of thinking: intuitive understanding (intellectus) is imageless thought.
Conversion: A voluntary turning (versio) of the soul's attention toward a selected object is the basic meaning of conversion. Religious conversion is the will turning to God. Man's will may turn away (aversio) from God and divine truths— this is a perversion, or misuse, (perversio) of his attention and is the essence of all sin.
Liberty or freedom: In the highest personal sense, eminent liberty (libertas) means that special freeing of the soul, under the influence of divine grace, in which condition the soul is able to choose only what is good and is unable to incline toward evil, to sin. A lower type of liberty is the natural endowment of each human soul in this life: this is freedom of choice (liberum arbitrium), the ability to choose good or evil. Some versions translate this latter as free will.
Immutability: God transcends temporal changes by virtue of His immutability. This unchangeability (immutabilitas) is, for Augustine, one of the greatest attributes of divinity. In contrast, every created thing is mutable; some (bodies) are mutable in both time and space; higher creatures (spirits) are changeable in time but not in space.
Eternity: The duration (manentia) proper to God is without beginning or termination; it is also changeless. Such duration is called eternity; it contrasts with temporal duration, or time (tempus). Time has a beginning, a terminus, and implies change.
Measure, number and weight: Wisdom 11:21 ("Thou hast ordered all things in measure, and number, and weight") is the source of a theory of the formal determinants of all creatures. Measure (modus, mensura) regulates mental functions and is the principle of specific limitations in creatures. Number (numerus) is the basis of formal differences and regulates many creaturely functions. Weight (pondus) is a principle of inclination, of willing, and of teleological ordering.
Evil: Since all natures have been created good, evil (malum) cannot be, for Augustine, a nature or a positive being. Rather, evil is an absence, or better, privation, of goodness in an existing nature, or of due order in an activity. This privation theory does not mean that evil is unreal or unimportant: evil is a wound in being.
People: This is the basic term in Augustine's discussion of human society. A populus is a group of rational beings bound together by a common agreement as to the objects of their loves. The will to unite and work together is what constitutes a people.
City: In the ancient classical and patristic sense, city (civitas) names the usual type of organized state. Thus, Rome is "The City" to Augustine. Rome means not only the municipality on the Tiber but also the whole empire or nation of the Romans. The City of God extends this usage to the point Sh which "city" designates any duly organized society.
INDEX
Abel, Jerusalem begun by, 205 Ability, knowledge, use, 76
Authority, Christ's, 25; divine, 27; friendly, 157; reason and, 25-33, 210 Aversion - <aversio), 43-45
Abraham, the Patriarch, 206, 207 Academics, skepticism of the, 25 Academy, the Platonic, 20; skeptics of the, 33 Action, measure a ' principle
Babylon, prefigures the earthly
City, 198, 205-208, 227; symbolic meaning, 224 Baptism, 162; Augustine of, 104; temporal things and, 37 Adam, men's single ancestor, 220 Adeodatus, Augustine's son, 12 Adultery, 168, 169 Against the Academics, refutes receives, 12 Bathanarius, Count of Africa, 112 Bavel, T. J. van, 11 Beautiful, proportion and skepticism, 35 Ages, historical, 224; of man, 180 Agrigentum, salt of, 113 Algeria, archaeology of, 98 Allegory, history and, 223 Ambrose, St., 12; unity in the, 134 Beatitude, future, 196 Beauty, 45; corporeal, 60; of man and ape, 52; numbers and, 127; physical, 152; platonic, 48; symmetry and proportion in 'physical, 191; temporal, 51 Beauty of man's body, 118-119 Being, Augustine's geography on local customs, 163 Anatomists, 118 Anaximenes, air is first principle, 58 Angels, City of God includes of 44-62; God's, 59 Being, knowing, loving, the good, 201; perfected human nature equals the, 153; their place in creation, 43; time - and the, Angels are not creators, 102 Anselm of Canterbury, St., 19 Apostle, St. Paul the, 17, 21, 37, triad, 33 Being itself, 139 Belief, thinking with assent, 22; three objects of, 19, 221; understanding and, 19-42; volitional assent, 21-22 Bishop, Augustine becomes
40, 95, 153, 158, 161, 171, 172, 176, 209, 228 Apostle, St. Peter the, 181 Aquinas, definition of a, 14-15; authority of the, 163 Body, definition of, 68; soul is chief good "of the, 155; soul rules, 155; spiritual, 191, 205; structure of the human, 118 Boethius, on eternity, 44 Boethius' Consolation of virtue in, 150 Aquinas' definition of lying, 150 Aquinas' Summa contra
Gentiles, 149 Aristotle, 98; four causes of, 44 Arianism, 197 Arnauld, Antoine, 20 Art, reason and, 133 Arts, necessity and the, 117 Asbestos, strange property of, 113 Ascent to God, soul's, 127-139 Assent, thinking with, 22 Assistance, grace as divine, 177 Athenian people, 212 Atoms, Epicurus' theory of, 58 Attention, psychic, 75
Philosophy, 149 Boyer, Father Charles, 151 Butler, Dom Cuthbert, 151
Cain, Babylon founded by, 205 Calamities of this life, Cannibalism, 194 Cappadocia, the mares of, 114 Captivity, Church prefigured in Jewish, 228 Carthage, 199; Augustine
Temembering, 86-89;
THE ESSENTIAL AUGUSTINE
Augustine studies in, 11; Church council of, 16; water front mosaics, 98 Catholic Church, its spread, 32 Catholic Faith, authority of, 28 Causality, 60-62; efficiency and, Contemplation, eternal things and, 37 Contraries, 53 Controversies, Augustine involved in, 12-13 Conversion (conversio), 43-45 Corrupt, no nature is totally, 66 Corruption, diminution of the 44; exemplary, 44 E Cause, efficient, 61-62; material things as, 62; no body is an good by, 55; evil and, 49-50; . goodness and, 128-129 Cosmology, Augustine's, 98-120 Councils, African Church, 13; efficient, 100; voluntary, 61 Cause of all created things, 120 Cause of existence, reason for understanding, end of living, God as, 137 Causes, an order of, 60-61 Centurion, in Gospel, 164 Chaldaeans, 225 Change, creatures and, 44 Changeable, God is not, 59 Charcoal, properties of, 111 Charlemagne, Emperor, 13, 197 Chastity, 169 Christ, died but once, 243; authority of plenary, 162 Creation, before, 104; spiritual and corporeal, 63-65; time and place of, 108 Creator, the mind of the, 63 Creatures, problem of eternal, 245 Crimes, list of human, 193 Cupidity, 159 Customs, importance of good, 155; problems of local, 161-164 Cyclicism, 220; Augustine's divinity of, 121; historical advent of, 226; peace of, 164 Christians, pagan hatred of, 206 Chronology, important in reading criticism of, 242-245 Cyprian the priest, 199
Augustine, 18 Church, City of God and Deception, of the essence of lying, 167-169 Delight, 75 Deman, T. A., 175 Demons, worship of, 199, 203-204 Descartes, René, 20 Destiny of human race, 249 Diamond, why admired, 112 Discipline, mental, 165 Diseases, evil of, 65 Disobedience, Adam's, 200 Dissimulation, 170 Doctor of Grace, St. Augustine's the, 198, 208 Church of Christ, 226 Cicero, 29; on causality, 61; few know philosophy, 195; Tusc. Disp., 190 Cities, the two, 198-209; Jewish history prefigures, 224 City, celestial, 161; earthly, 203; heavenly, 203 City (civitas), identified with its inhabitants, 209 City of God, structure of the, 175 Donatists, Augustine ambushed the work, 199 Cogitation, 78-79, 106; a collation by the, 41. Doubt, universal, 34 Dreams, 96; deception in, 34 Duration, 44, 109, 237; bodily of memory contents, 81-82; as thinking in terms of images, 69 Cogito, Descartes', 20Cognition, sense, 31 Communion, sacrament of, 162 Community, life in, 15 Compassion, 165 Concord, peace as ordered, 216 Confrontation, knowing by, 21 Conscience, moral, 150, 167 Conscious experience, 67 Consciousness, facts of, 33 Consent, 159 motion and, 134
Earthly powers, authority of, 228 Elements, invisible seeds in the, 103; knowledge of the, 119; theory of four, 58 Eli the priest, 194 Ellard, Gerald, 151 Embalming preparations, 216 Emotion, the wise man and, 165 Empire, Holy Roman, 13 Epicureans, on origin of life, 58
INDEX
Epicurus, atomism of, 58 Epirus, fountain of, 113 Episcopacy, Augustine's, 14-15 E:aclius, designated as Feelings, memory retains, 83; _ will is present in all, 159 Fire, strange properties of, 110-111 Firmus, 197 First man (Adam), grace
Augustine's successor, 15-16 Erasmus, Desiderius, editor of Augustine, 13 Error, fortunate, 19; ignorance and the, 185 Forces, natural, 44; physical, 99 Foreknowledge, God's, 183-185 Forgetfulness, 39, 78 and, 41-42 Eschatological view. of history, 221 Essence, as a name of see also oblivion Form, beauty and, 54; meaning of God, 139-143 Estate, Augustine sells his, 15 Eternal, things, 31 Eternity, definition of, 44; God's a bad, 36; in sense of shape, 98 Formless matter, 98 Formlessness, 105-108 Forms, Platonic, 44; Platonic and immutable, 63-64; time and, 109 Ethics, religious morality and, 149 Eucharist, daily reception external, 62 FEES choice (liberum arbitrium), of, 163-164 "Evidence of things not seen,"
7 Freedom (libertas), 176 Freedom of will, 182 Future events, in memory I think faith as, 172 Evil, avoiding, 38; explanation of, 65; for God nothing is, of, 79 Future time, nonexistent, 229
129; no nature is, 53; origin of, 49-50; privation theory of, 44; will and, 160 Oe. ancient theories
Garamantae fountain of the, 113 Gaze, mental, 43 Gentiles, Church of the, 207 Geometry, innate knowledge ol, Expectation, memory and, 241; present, of future things, 233 Extension, number and weight, 17; of, 39 Gilson, Etienne, 176, 198 Gifts of the Holy Spirit, 37-40 Glory of Christ, 189 Glory to come, 196 God, speaking about, 139-143; time is some sort of, 236-238 Existence, certainty as to one's, 33-34; primary, 60 Existence of God, 24; denial ~ of, 157; reasoning to the, 121-137 Externals, City of thinking about, 138-139 Good, all things are, 129; highest, 48; man's chief, 154; than which there is nothing better, 154 Good thing, without grace one can do no, Good works, grace the foundation
God and, 202-203 Eye, intellectual, 62-63 Eye of the soul, 223 of, 187-188 Goodness, God is source of, 48-50 © Goods, three types of finite, 149 Grace, Augustinian explanation of, Faculty psychology, Augustine's not a, 68 Faith, based on history, 223; a gift of God, 182; the objects of, 171-172; reason and, 19-42 "Faith seeking understanding," 19 Falsity, 41-42 Family concord, 161 Fasting, Saturday, 162 Fatalism, classical, 220 Faustus, Manichee bishop, 12 Fear, 159; prominent in Old
175-196; given gratis, 188; must be gratuitous, 189; three summary points on, 176
Habit, power of, 130 Happiness, all men desire, 151153; degrees of future, 219 Happy life, all desire, 153-154; seeking the, 88-91 Health of body, 46-47
Testament, 166
THE ESSENTIAL AUGUSTINE
Intellectual and intelligible,
Hearers (Auditors), rank in identity of meaning, 95 Intelligible things, 38-39 Intention to deceive, lying and, 167-169 Interiorism, Augustine's, 69
Manicheism, 8, 29 Hearing, analysis of, 68 Heaven and earth proclaim God's existence, 123 Heaven of heaven, intellectual
Inventions, wondrous human, creation and the, 108 Hendrikx, E., 151 Henry, Paul, 221 Hercules, in mythology, 215 Heresies, 227 Heretic, characteristics of 117-11 Invisible, from the visible to the, 132 Invocation, a divine, 144-147
James the Apostle, 172 Jebusites, Jerusalem and the, 205 Jeremias, the Prophet, 227 Jerusalem, means "vision of the, 27-28 Heretics, 210 Hippo, Augustine as bishop of, 12 Historical data, God and, 31 History, based on belief, 221; peace," 212 Jerusalem, prefigures the heavenly belief and, 223; belief in facts of, 19; biblical, 224; Christ in, 225-227; meaning of Jewish, 224-225; theory of, 220-228; two Cities in, 227-228 Honoratus, 27-29 Hope, concerned with future, City, 198, 205-208, 227; symbolic meaning, 224 Job, on avoiding evil, 38 Joy, remembering, 89 Judge is nobler than object judged, 133 Judging, proper activity of 171-172 Human race, blessings of the, rational life, 133 Judgment, supreme standard
116-119; condemnation of the, 192; unity of the, 200 Hyle, ancient name for matter, 53
Judgments, eternal and immutable, 121-122 Kakos (Cacus), mythological "TI know I am alive," 34
Savage, 214, 215 Knowable things, two kinds "IT am that I am," (Catholic version: "I. Am Who I Am," Exod. 3:14), 54, 128, 139, 143 Ideas, divine, 44; Platonic, 62 Ignorance, 41-42 Iliumination, divine, 97 Illusion, existence implied by, 33; of, 35-36 Knowledge, two sources of, 25 Knowledge (scientia), wisdom (sapientia) and, 20, 37-38
Latreia, divine worship, 204 Law, commands of the, 22; God's as to personal existence, 70 Image of God, 152-153 Images, bodily, 95; objects of eternal, 150 Law of nature, 132 Laws, God's, 63 Laws of numbers, memory consciousness and, 84 Images of bodies, 21 Immortality, problem of contains, 82, 89 Levels, natures on three, 43-623 soul's, 110 Immutable, God is, 43-62 reality on two, 44 Liar, error and the, 42; says the see also unchangeable Incarnation of Christ, 220, 226 India, magnetic stones of, 113 Industry, wonders of human, opposite of what is in his heart, 169 Liberal disciplines (arts), retained
117-119 Infallibility of God's in memory, 80 Lie, contrary to truth, 169; knowledge, 185 Inferior things, no happiness morality of telling a, 166-169 Lies, of kindness, 170; rendering in, 152 Insensibility, a lack of a service, 170; spoken in jest, 170; on telling, 150; white, 170 Life, practical, 149 Life in soul, seven stages of, 150 compassion, 165 Intellect, objects of, 97
INDEX
Living, pomtby all creatures formless, 105-108; God created, 64 Meaning, historical, 222-224 Measure, 55; mind and, 99 Measure, form, order, the are, Living pet, follpeine God
and, Light, God as, 86, 97; incorporeal and unique, 39; the indwelling, 30; soul illumined by, 97; unchangeable, 127; universal, 123 Lime, wonders of, 111 Loadstone, properties of, 112-113 Logoi, Greek name for highest forms, 62 Logoi spermatikoi, Stoic, 99 triad, 49-51 Measure, number, weight, 99, 103-105, 222 Measurement, physical, 135 Measuring time, problem of, 231-142 Mediator, Son of God as, 241 Medicine, bodily, 104; the mind's, 165; the soul's, 31 Memory, analysis of, 78-93; Love, distinction between knowledge and, 178; good and bad, 158-159; how it is known, 94; its importance, 33; the measure of, 158; no hope without, 172; precepts of, 150; prominent in New Testament, 166 Love of eternals, 37 Love of God, 148, 180 Love of God and neighbor, 161 Loves, two, 43, 198, 201, 205 Lubac, Henri de, 175 Lucan, Pharsalia, 171 Lying, Augustine's definition
God is present in, 92-93; present, of things past, 233; storehouse of, 36; thoughts committed to, 39-42 Memory, understanding, will, 68, 76-78 Men, two kinds of, 43 Mercy, God's, 183 Merit, grace and, 178, 186 Metaphysics, Augustine's, 43 Metempsychosis, Plato on, 39 Milan, teaching rhetoric in, 12
Mind (mens), 94; eye of the, 38,
142; gaze of the, 19; health of the, 165; nature of the human, 118; time is measured in the, 239; Truth above my, 130 Miracles, marvels of nature and, of, 150
Madaura, schools of, 11 Magnet, properties of, 112-113 Man, a rational animal, 116, 222; 113; something that God does rapidly, 116; utility of, 32 Mistake, making a, 41-42; a rational soul with a body in its service, 164; a soul using a body, 67; what is, 154 Mandouze, A., 151 Manicheans (Manichees), accept New Testament, 158; some evil in every, 168 Monastery, Augustine's first, 15
Monica, Augustine's mother,
11, 12, 163 Morality, Augustine's approach
Catholicism criticized by, 30-31; on matter as evil, 53; not concerned about grace, 177 ; Manicheism, Augustine's nine to, 150 Morals, soul important in treating, 155-156 Motion, time not bodily, 236-238; years in, 28; Augustine's disillusionment with, 20; evil in, 45; two gods in, 12; use of reason in, 27-31 Manicheus (Mani), on matter, 53 Marcellinus, Roman Count, 197 Mass, God viewed as an time not identical with celestial, 235 Music, 39 Mutability, bodily, 107; spiritual and corporeal, 64 Myself, in memory I encounter, 79 Mysticism, Augustine's, 151 amorphous, 67 Masters, obedience to Natural events, God causes temporal, 228 Material, formless, 54 Mathematics, memory and, 82 Matter, created out of nothing, 98; Natural order of things, 217
Nature, corporeal, 45; divine,
THE ESSENTIAL AUGUSTINE
122; God works throughout, 1142115; God's unchangeable, 135; marvels of, 110-115; philosophers of, 120; vitiated, Pelagians, on grace and free choice, 175-177 Pelagius, grace an ornament
Or, People (populus), definition of
193; wonders of, 98 Natures, all are from God, 51; a, 198, 211 Periods of time, three, 231-234 Persia, Babylon was in, 205 Person, as a name of God, all are good, 49, 53, 100-101; immaterial, 67; three kinds of, 43-62 Necessity, divine foreknowledge
139-143 Perversion (perversio), 43-45 Philosophers, condemnation of some, 203; their garb, 203 Philosophy, Christianity as true, and, Neoplatonic return of the soul, 149 Neoplatonism, 12 Never, the meaning of, 242 Nonbeing, lie partakes of, 170 Nothing, matter almost, 107; meaning of the term, 57 Notoriety, Augustine's early, 18
20; divine grace needed for true, 195; endurance of calamities and, 195; moral, natural and rational, 137; theology and, 20-21 Philosophy of history, 220-228 Physici, the Pre-Socratic natural philosophers, 119 Place, change in, 64; the Number, 103-105; all things are formed by, 126: sempiternal, 127; species and, 99 Numidia, Church Council of, 316 world's, 108 Plato, 98, 137; combined action
Oar, illusion of the bent, 34 Oar bent in water, 133 Oblivion, 85-88 Old Testament, Manichees and contemplation, 137; first named the Ideas, 62; that noble philosopher, 39; on philosophy as the love of God, 20; religion of, 47; Socrates' best pupil, 136; will not live again, 243 Bae philosophers, on true oO Platonic philosophy, on eject, 30 Omnipotence, God's, 184, 190
On the Academics (Contra
Academics), 200 Order, generic definition, 216-217
Ordination as priest, Augustine's,
Other-worldliness, incorporeal substance, 67 Platonists, confidence in the, 26; Augustine's, 197 Ousia, Greek for essence, 138
God is incorpareal, 59 Pleasure, 84 Polytheism, 197 Porphyry, polytheism in, 20 Portalié, Eugéne, 176 Possession of God, desire and, 153 Potency and act theory, no Pain, 75, 84; evil and, 54 Participation, in Platonic
Forms, 63 Participation in our Christ's, 179-181 Passions, classic four, 83-84 Past time, nonexistent, 229 Se bee of Augustine, infirmity, Augustinian, 98 Potter's wheel, time and the, 235 Prescience, divine, 185 see foreknowledge Present, 'eats into the future," 240 Present time, problem of its Pax Romana, 197 Peace, bodily, 215-216; defined as tranquillity of order, 212-218; domestic, 161, 214; heavenly, 204; immortal, 218; laws and institutions secure earthly, 204; in this life no, 173-174; temporal, 228; tranquillity of duration, 230 Privation, evil and, 65-66 Privations in nature, 53 Property, Augustine's priests own no, 15 Prophecies, God and, 31-32 Proportion, intellect and, 134; order, 198; in the two Cities, 203 Peacock, flesh of the, 110 sense of, 133
INDEX
Providence, divine, 31, 101,
Scripture studies, Augustine's Seeds, hidden, 103 : aha Selfsame (Idipsum), 122, 143 Seminal reasons, 220-224 Psychology, Augustine's, 67
Punic, Augustine's knowledge of, 11 Punishment, 51, 110, 193, 212 Purgatory, 180 Pyrites, 114 Pythagoras, recollection in, 40; stressed contemplation, 136 Pythagoreans, Plato studied see reasons Sensation, an activity of soul, 74-16; auditory, 67-68; general definition of, 68, 75 sense, the interior, 72-73 Senses, common objects of, 123; enumeration of bodily, 33; five bodily, 78-79, 81; illusions of the, 34; objects of bodily, 70; testimony of bodily, 36; trustworthiness of, 28 Severus, bishop of Milevis, 112 Shinn, R., 220 "Si fallor sum" (if I am mistaken, under, 136
Questions, three kinds of, 81
Ratio inferior, 21 Ratio superior, 21 Rationes aeternae, 44, 62-63 Rationes seminales, 44 Reality, Augustine's view of, 43-66 Reasons, eternal, 44; incorporeal, I exist), 20, 33 Sin, a disorder, 45; every lie a, 166-169; first man's, 118; impossibility of willing to, 186, 218; not caused by God, 21; will and, 160 Sion, the City of God is, 208 Six days, the first, 98-99, 103-104
38; a name for ideal Forms, 62; seminal (rationes seminales), 44, 90, 103 Reason (ratio), authority and, 25-26; each creature has its own exemplary, 63; faith and, 19-42; as a function of soul, 73 Recollection, Platonic, 39 Regeneration, spiritual, 180 Religion, physical knowledge
Skepticism, Augustine's youthful, 12 Society, two kinds of, 201 Socrates, 136, 137 Sodom, apples of, 113-114 Solomon, 243 sorrow, 159 Soul, body subject to, 152; and, 119-120 Religious exercises, 150 Representation in thought, 58 ~ Resurrection, human body after, conscious (animus), 45; between God and body, 43-62; its intermediate nature, 135; not a body, 58-59; number and powers of the, 190-192; twu Cities after the, 218-219 Retirement, Augustine's partial, 16 Retractations, meaning of, 13 Reward, our future, 173-174 Rhythm, musical, 39 Right, power to will only the, 186 Right or wrong, power to will, 186 Roman Empire, Holy, 197 Romanianus, Augustine's
104; ruled by Superior, rules inferior, 47; suffers nothing from body, 46, 74; unity of, 77 Sound, timing the length of, 238 Speech, beauty of, 51
Spirit, cogitation in the, 1073 the Pauline sense of, 69, 95; thoughts of the, 96 Stoics, fire is first principle, 58; patron, 11 Romans, a people, 211 Rome, Augustine's stay in, 12; Christianity and the fall of, 197; when in, 163 Rule, Augustine's monastic, 15 view of necessity, 183-18 Substance, conceiving a spiritual, 67; as a name of God, 139-143 Substance and accidents, 68 Successor, Augustine's, 15-16
Syllables, timing long and short, 239 Symmetry in art, 134 Supernatural, 175 Supreme Good, God is the, 147
Sacraments, number of, 162 | Sacred Scriptures, authority in, 26 Scriptures, testimony of divine, 56; wording of divine, 233
THE ESSENTIAL AUGUSTINE
Augustine's birthplace,
Vices, evil of, 65 Virgil, 41, 65, 171, 214 Virgin birth, 210 Virtue, gives perfection to
Tagaste,
11 Teacher, Christ as the One, 18 Teacher, offices of the, 165 soul, 156 Virtues, apart from God no,
Teilhard de Chardin, Pére, 221 Temporal, things, 31 Terence (Andria), 34 Testimony of others, 36 Thales, water as first principle, 58 That Which Is (God), 131 Theologies, fabulous and civil (in
172173; four cardinal, 38, 117; as objects of intuition, 97 Vision, beatific, 196; gazing culminates in, 19; present, of things past, 233; three kinds of, 69, 9396 Visions: intellectual, spiritual, Varro), 58 Theology, natural, 121; corporeal, 69, 93-96 Vulcan, the god, 214. philosophy and, 20-21; physical or natural, 60 Theology of history, 220-228
Theosebeia, Greek term for
Wars are waged for peace, 213 worship, 37 Thinking, believing and, 22 Thunder and lightning, God
Weight, 103-105; order and, 99; the soul's, 130 Will, all visions entail, 69; belief produces, 115-116 Time, analysis of, 228-242; change an effort of, 19; divine foreknowledge and, 183-185; error and, 21; free, 7 179-181, 182; freedom and human, 176; gift of free, 23; no external cause of bad, 159; pain and, 54; right and perverse, 159; righteous, 183; sin and free, 22; unjust, 51; weight related to, 104 Will and emotions, 159 in, 64; cosmic, 99; eternity and, 109; measuring periods of, 108; physical, 108; psychic nature of, 239 To be and to subsist, 143 To exist, to live, to understand, 70 Toynbee, Arnold, 220 Tradition, authority of, 162 Tranquillity of order, peace the, 212-218 Transmigration of souls, 39 Tresmontant, C., 221 Trinitarian psychology, 77
Will of God, causality of, 61 Will of man, not sufficient, 183 Will to avoid portuelion, 50 Will to be happy, 3 Willing, the independence of Trinity, divine, 210; problem of a generic name for divine, 140-143 Truth, authority of, 31; human, 184 Wisdom, action and contemplation in study of, 136; goodness concealing, 170; difficulty in finding, 28; faith and reason as two roads to, 121; immutable, 123; incorporeal, 39; life of the soul, 42; unchangeable, 135 Truths, argument to existence of and, 54; how known, 125-126; human, 25-26; knowledge and, 20, 37-38; a name of God, 122; practicality of Augustine's, 149 Wisdom and knowledge, distinction, 40 Word, divine, 153; in God from immutable, 124; eternal, 44 Tychonius the Donatist, 198 knowledge, 36 Words, idle, 17 Works, Augustine reviews his Unchangeable, God is, 48, 54 Understand, will to, 189 Understanding, authority and, 26; literary, 17-18; good, 181 World, the Maker of the, 131-1323 one, a 109; no peace in this, 173 Worship, ailing: 32, 37, 166 belief and, 23-25; human, 58 Unity, essential to beauty, 45
Valerius, bishop of Hippo, 15
Zacchaeus, 164
Varro, a pagan theologian, 20, 203