Footnotes
Footnotes
I.See esp. C. Spicq, L’epftre aux Hebreux, 2 vols., EBib (Paris: Gabalda, 1952-53), 1:19-20.
2.F. F. Bruce calls Hebrews "a homily in written form, with some personal remarks added at the end” (The Epistle to the Hebrews, NICNT, rev. ed. [Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990], p. 389.
3.Harold W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews, Hermeneia (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1989), pp. 13-21.
4.E.g., Guthrie, pp. 717-21; idem, The Letter to the Hebrews, TNTC (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983), pp. 58-59.
5.So A. Vanhoye, La structure litteraire de l’epftre aux Hebreux, SN 1 (Paris: Desclee de Brouwer, 1963); Hugh Montefiore, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews, HNTC (San Francisco: Harper, 1964).
6.See Attridge, Hebrews, pp. 15-16.
7.E.g., Hans Windisch, Der Hebraerbrief, HNT 14, 2d ed. (TQbingen: Mohr, 1931).
8.E.g., Barnabas Lindars, "The Rhetorical Structure of Hebrews,” NTS 35 (1989): 382406.
9. Attridge, Hebrews, p. 14.
10.Ibid., p. 17-21.
II.See esp. David Peterson, Hebrews and Perfection: An Examination of the Concept of Perfection in the “Epistle to the Hebrews,” SNTSMS 47 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
12.For the diversity of placement in the manuscripts, see Metzger, pp. 661-62.
13.Thomas Aquinas, Preface to the Epistle to the Hebrews, quoted by Spicq, Hebreux 1:198 n. 1.
14.William Leonard, The Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Critical Problem and Use of the Old Testament (Rome: Vatican Polyglot Press, 1939).
15.See the extended bibliography in Spicq, Hebreux 1:199 n. 8, to which may be added J. A. T. Robinson, Redating the New Testament (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976), pp. 200-220.
16.See bibliography in Attridge, Hebrews, p. 4.
17.See esp. Ronald Williamson, Philo and the Epistle to the Hebrews, ALGHJ 4 (Leiden: Brill, 1970).
18.Adolph von Harnack, "Probabilia Ober die Addresse und den Verfasser des Hebraerbriefes,” ZNW 1 (1900): 16-41; Ruth Hoppin, Priscilla: Author of the Epistle to the Hebrews (New York: Exposition, 1969).
19.See RSV: "those who come from Italy.”
20.Alexander Nairne translates, "Those who are in Italy and send their greetings with mine from Italy” (The Epistle of Priesthood [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1913], p. 433.
21.See esp. Donald A. Hagner, The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome, SuppNovT 34 (Leiden: Brill, 1973), pp. 179-95; Paul Ellingworth, "Hebrews and 1 Clement: Literary Dependence or Common Tradition,” BZ 23 (1979): 437-40; Herbert Braun, An die Hebraer, HNT (TQbingen: Mohr, 1984), pp. 3, 32.
22.50 Robinson, Redating, pp. 327-34, largely dependent on G. Edmundson, The Church in Rome in the First Century, BL (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1913), pp. 188-202.
23.50 Elmer T. Merrill, Essays on Early Christian History (London: Macmillan, 1924), pp. 217-41; Laurance L. Welborn, "On the Date of 1 Clement,” BR 29 (1984): 35-54.
24.See Stanley E. Porter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament, SBG 1 (Bern: Peter Lang, 1989).
25.The attempt of Kenneth W. Clark in "Worship in the Jerusalem Temple After A.D. 70,” NTS 6 (1959-60): 269-80, to prove what his title announces is entirely unconvincing; similarly Otto Michel, Der Brief an die Hebraer, KEK, 12th ed. (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966), pp. 56-58. Cf. Robinson, Redating, pp. 202-3.
26.Lindars, "Rhetorical Structure.”
27.Modern supporters of a date before A.D. 70 include Bruce, Hebrews, pp. 20-22; George Wesley Buchanan, To the Hebrews, AB (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday,
1972), p. 261; August Strobel, Der Brief an die Hebraer, NTD (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1975), p. 83; Philip Edgcumbe Hughes, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977), pp. 30-32; and Donald A. Hagner, Hebrews, GNC (San Francisco: Harper, 1983), pp. xviii-xix.
28.E.g., Buchanan, Hebrews, pp. 255-56; Hughes, Commentary, p. 19. Sir William Ramsay suggested that Hebrews was written to the Jerusalem church from Caesarea while Paul was imprisoned there (c. A.D. 57-59), penned by one of Paul’s companions, possibly Philip the evangelist (Luke the Physician [London: Hodder & Stoughton: 1908], pp. 301ff.).
29.Commentators support Rome with varying degrees of confidence; see Bruce, Hebrews, pp. 10-14; Robinson, Redating, pp. 205-13; Simon J. Kistemaker,
Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews, NTC (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984), pp. 1718; Raymond E. Brown and John P. Meier, Antioch and Rome (New York: Paulist, 1983), pp. 139-58; see also the next two notes.
30.Harnack, "Probabilia.”
31.William Manson, The Epistle to the Hebrews: An Historical and Theological Reconsideration (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1951).
32.See Zahn 2:296.
33.E.g., Marcus Dods, "The Epistle to the Hebrews,” in EGT ; J. Moffatt, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews, ICC (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1924); Windisch, Hebraerbrief ; E. F. Scott, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1922); G. Vos, The Teaching of the Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1956); Ernst Kasemann, The Wandering People of God: An Investigation of the Letter to the Hebrews (ET Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1984 [from 2d ed., 1957]); Gerd Theissen, Untersuchungen zum Hebraerbrief, SNT 2 (GQtersloh: Mohn, 1969).
34.Bruce, Hebrews, p. 6 n. 13.
35.On the difficulties surrounding the terms "Judaizing” and "Judaizers,” see chap. 9,n3
36.Karl B. Bornhauser, Empfanger und Verfasser des Briefes an die Hebraer, BFCT
35,3 (GQtersloh: Bertelsmann, 1932).
37.Spicq, Hebreux 1:226ff.
38.C. Spicq, "L’epitre aux Hebreux: Apollos, Jean-Baptiste, les hellenistes, et Qumran,” RevQ 1 (1958-59): 365-90, esp. p. 390.
39.E.g., Hans Kosmala, Hebraer-Essener-Christen, SPB 1 (Leiden: Brill, 1959);
Hughes, Commentary, pp. 10-15.
40.See F. F. Bruce, "‘To the Hebrews’ or ‘To the Essenes’?” NTS 9 (1962-63): 217-32. See the excellent discussion of conceptual backgrounds in R. M. Wilson, Hebrews, NCB (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987), pp. 18-27.
41.So J. V. Dahms, "The First Readers of Hebrews,” JETS 20 (1977): 365-75; Brown and Meier, Antioch and Rome, pp. 151-58.
42.Attridge, Hebrews, pp. 31-32.
43.See Frank W. Beare, "The Text of the Epistle to the Hebrews in p 46,” JBL 63 (1944): 379-96; and esp. Spicq, Hebreux 1:412-32.
44.For a brief overview of Reformation responses, see Hughes, pp. 23-24; Bruce, Hebrews, pp. 24-25.
45.See the bibliography in Attridge, Hebrews, p. 25 n. 197; and esp. William R. G. Loader, Sohn und Hoherpriester: Eine traditionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung zur Christologie des Hebraerbriefes, WMANT 53 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener,
1981).
46.See Bertram L. Melbourne, "An Examination of the Historical-Jesus Motif in the Epistle to the Hebrews,” AUSS 26 (1988): 281-97.
47.E.g., Fred L. Horton, The Melchizedek Tradition: A Critical Examination of the Sources to the Fifth Century A.D. and in the Epistle to the Hebrews, SNTSMS 30 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976); Paul J. Kobelski, Melchizedek and Melchiressa‘, CBQMS 10 (Washington, D.C.: Catholic Biblical Association, 1981).
48.E.g., Simon J. Kistemaker, The Psalm Citations in the Epistle to the Hebrews (Amsterdam: Soest, 1961); Friedrich Schroger, Der Verfasser des Hebraerbriefes als Schriftausleger, BU 4 (Regensburg: Pustet, 1968).
49.E.g., Peterson, Hebrews and Perfection.
50.E.g., Otfried Hofius, Katapausis: Die Vorstellung vom endzeitlichen Ruheort im Hebraerbrief, WUNT 11 (TQbingen: Mohr, 1970); A. T. Lincoln, "Sabbath, Rest, and Eschatology in the New Testament,” in From Sabbath to Lord’s Day: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Investigation, ed. D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids: Zondervan,
1982), pp. 197-220.
51.E.g., Erich Grasser, Der Glaube im Hebraerbrief (Marburg: Elwert, 1965).