Section 25
1 I mean little noticed in the English-speaking world. There has
been considerably more attention to Bräker recently from Swiss and German scholars. His complete works are
printed in Ulrich Bräker, Sämtliche Schriften, eds Andreas Bürgi et al. (5 vols, Munich: Beck,
1998–2010). On Bräker’s life, see Holger Böning, Ulrich Bräker: Der arme Mann aus dem Toggenburg – Eine
Biographie (Zürich: Orell Füssli, 1998). The most significant collection of essays on Bräker is Alfred
Messerli and Adolf Muschg (eds), Schreibsucht: Autobiographische Schriften des Pietisten Ulrich Bräker
(1735–1798) (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004). See also James S. Amelang, The Flight of
Icarus: Artisan Autobiography in Early Modern Europe (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998). There
has been considerable interest in Bräker’s medical activities, see, among others, Christian Holliger, ‘Aus Ulrich
Bräker’s Hausapotheke’, in Helmut Holzhey and Urs Boschung (eds), Gesundheit und Krankheit im 18.
Jahrhundert: Referate der Tagung der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des 18. Jahrhunderts, Bern, 1.
und 2. Oktober 1993 (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995), pp. 25–32.
2 Citations are from Ulrich Bräker, The Life Story and Real
Adventures of the Poor Man of Toggenburg, trans. Derek Bowman (Edinburgh: EUP, 1970).
3 Bettina Volz-Tobler, ‘Ulrich Bräkers “Selbstaufklärung” im
Spiegel seiner frühen Tagebücher’, in Messerli and Muschg, Schreibsucht, pp. 89f.
4 Bräker, The Life Story, p. 55.
5 Irena Backus, Life Writing in Reformation Europe: Lives of
Reformers by Friends, Disciples, and Foes (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008) (St Andrews Studies in Reformation
History), see the introduction for an extremely helpful treatment of the classical and medieval background to
Reformation vitae, pp. vii–xxxiii.
6 Das Chronikon des Konrad Pellikan. Zur vierten
Säkularfeier der Universität Tübingen, ed. Bernhard Riggenbach (Basle: Bahnmaier, 1877). All references to
the Latin are from this edition (cited as: Pellikan, Chronicon). The manuscript of the work is to be
found in Zürcher Stadtbibliothek under the title Chronicon C.P.R ad filium et nepotes 1544. The
chronicle comes to a formal end in 1544, but Pellikan continued to add notes until 1555 in the form of a
diary. His death and replacement as professor are recorded in a third hand in the margins, perhaps by Samuel.
7 The full life of Leo Jud remains to be written, but a helpful
account of his early years is Karl-Heinz Wyss, Leo Jud: Seine Entwicklung zum Reformator, 1519–1523
(Bern/Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 1976). See also, Bruce Gordon, The Swiss Reformation (Manchester: Manchester
University Press, 2002). On his reform of the baptismal liturgy, see Hughes Oliphant Old, The Shaping of the
Reformed Baptismal Rite in the Sixteenth Century (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1992), pp. 40–45.
8 Johann Jakob Ulrich tells us in a note to the text that there
was a Latin original, but the vernacular text which has survived has much more the flavour of a devotional text,
an attempt to appropriate virtuous lives for the edification of lay readers.
9 On Jud’s edition of the Imitatio, see Maximilian von
Habsburg, Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425–1650: From Late Medieval Classic
to Early Modern Bestseller (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011) (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History), pp.
152–5.
10 On Konrad Pellikan the standard work remains Christoph
Zürcher, Konrad Pellikans Wirken in Zürich, 1526–1556 (Zurich: Theologischer Verlag Zürich, 1975)
(Zürcher Beiträge zur Reformationsgeschichte 4).
11 See Peter G. Bietenholz, History and Biography in the Work
of Erasmus of Rotterdam (Geneva: Droz, 1966), p. 59f.
12 The original of the biography that was printed in
Miscellanea Tigurina, vol. 3/1 (Zürich: Bodmer, 1734), pp. 10–82 can be found in Zurich
Zentralbibliothek, Ms. G 329: De vita et obitu … Leonis Iudae farrago, 1574. A description of this manuscript can
be found in: Ernst Gagliardi and Ludwig Forrer, Katalog der Handschriften der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, vol. 2:
Neuere Handschriften seit 1500 (ältere schweizergeschichtliche inbegriffen) (Zurich: Zentralbibliothek Zürich,
1982), col. 643. They assumed it is of Johannes’ own hand: ‘wohl autograph’. I am grateful to Christian Moser for
help in locating this information.
13 In addition to the Beschreibung written and compiled
by Johannes Jud we find in the Miscellanea Tigurina a series of documents likely added by a later editor, perhaps
Johann Jakob Ulrich, that includes Jud’s controversial sermon before the Zurich magistrates in 1531 which led to
his suspension; the response of Bullinger and Jud to the magistrates; letters, including those of Zwingli to Jud
from the years 1518/19; citations from Roman Catholic sources concerning Jud’s biblical work; Jud’s preface to
his various Swiss German translations of Luther’s works; a letter of Oecolampadius to Jud; and more of Zwingli’s
letters. These work together to present Leo Jud as the loyal ally of Huldrych Zwingli, the upholder of his legacy
and a native model of Zurich piety.
14 Jennifer A. Herdt, Putting on Virtue: The Legacy of the
Splendid Vices (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), p. 112.
15 Pellican, Chronicon, p. 1.
16 Ibid., p. 2.
17 Ibid., p. 23.
18 The style of Gallus’ book to which Pellikan is referring is
known as a Tagebuch, in which a person would include a range of commonplace events, lists of
publications, reflections on the weather and so on. Many of the notes would be made at a later date in the
margins. See, Georg Misch, Von der Renaissance bis zu den autobiographischen Hauptwerken des 18. und 19.
Jahrhunderts (Frankfurt a.M.: Schulte-Bulmke, 1969), p. 600f.
19 Gallus was also an author of note and evangelical views:
Jodocus Gallus, Ein evangelisch ABC (Oppenheim: Jakob Köbel, 1517).
20 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 10.
21 Ibid., p. 108.
22 Ibid., p. 11.
23 Scriptoris was a Franciscan, Scotist and professor at the
University of Tübingen who was deeply interested in the natural sciences. Shortly before his death he began to
write against Transubstantiation. See Helmut Feld and Konrad Summenhart, ‘Theologe der kirchlichen Reform vor der
Reformation’, Rottenburger Jahrbuch 11 (1992), pp. 85–116.
24 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 14f.
25 Ibid., p. 17.
26 Ibid., p. 23f.: ‘Rumor tamen falsus per Sueviam a suis
fautoribus disseminates est, in diem hodiernum, quod monachi eum sacrificaverint, sed id certo constat mihi,
falsissimum’.
27 Ibid., p. 19f. On Reuchlin, see Erika Rummel, The Case
against Johann Reuchlin: Religious and Social Controversy in Sixteenth-Century Germany (Toronto, Ont.:
University of Toronto Press, 2002); Daniel Ménager, ‘Erasmus, the Intellectuals, and the Reuchlin Affair’, in
Erika Rummel (ed.), Biblical Humanism and Scholasticism in the Age of Erasmus (Leiden: Brill, 2008), pp. 39–56.
28 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 21.
29 Ibid., p. 22: ‘Quod tum alius nemo inveniretur, qui simul cum
latinis et hebraicis graeca quoque scriber partier posset’.
30 Ibid., p. 23.
31 Barbara Halporn, ‘The Margarita Philosophica: A Case Study in
Early Modern Book Design’, Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing
History 3 (2009), pp. 152–66; Haiki Mikkeli, ‘The Aristotelian Classification of Knowledge in the Early
Sixteenth Century’, in Marianne Pade (ed.), Renaissance Reading of the Corpus Aristotelicum (Copenhagen: Museum
Tusculanum Press, 1999), pp. 103–28.
32 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 26.
33 See Barbara C. Halporn, The Correspondence of Johann Amerbach:
Early Printing in its Social Context (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2000).
34 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 27f.
35 Ibid., p. 35f.
36 Ibid., p. 39. The works of d’Orbellis mentioned by Pellikan
are: Compendiosa et optima expositio in XII libros Metaphysicae Aristotelis secundum viam Scoti
(Bologna: Heinrich von Haarlem and Matthaeus Crescentinus, 1485) and Expositio in IV Sententiarum Libros (Rouen:
Martin Morin, c. 1497).
37 On their relationship, see the contribution by Matthew McLean
to this volume.
38 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 39.
39 Ibid., p. 42f.
40 Ibid., p. 43.
41 Ibid., p. 55.
42 Ibid., p. 56.
43 Ibid., p. 67.
44 Ibid., p. 67f.
45 Ibid., p. 68.
46 Ibid., p. 68f.
47 Ibid., p. 71.
48 The letter is printed, ibid., p. 83f.
49 Ibid., p. 98.
50 See my ‘Bullinger’s Vernacular Writings: Spirituality and the
Christian Life’, in Bruce Gordon and Emidio Campi (eds), Architect of Reformation: An Introduction to
Heinrich Bullinger, 1504–1575 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2004), pp. 117–34.
51 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 101.
52 Ibid., p. 115.
53 Konrad Pellikan, Commentaria bibliorum et illa brevia
quidem ac catholica, vol. 1 (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1532), fol. A5v.
54 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 114f.
55 See Irena Backus, Reformation Readings of the Apocalypse:
Geneva, Zurich, and Wittenberg (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) (Oxford Studies in Historical Theology),
pp. 87–93.
56 Konrad Pellikan, Explicatio brevis simplex et catholica
libelli Ruth, qua totius veteris testamenti canonici libri exposit sunt (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder,
1531). See the chapter by Christian Moser in this volume.
57 Pellikan, Chronicon, p. 128.
58 Christian Moser, Theodor Bibliander (1505–1564): Annotierte
Bibliographie der gedruckten Werke (Zurich: Theologischer Verlag, 2009) (Zürcher Beiträge zur
Reformationsgeschichte 27), p. 2.
59 The Commentaria bibliorum were produced in seven
volumes in Zurich (1532–39) by Christoph Froschauer the Elder, cf. Manfred Vischer, Bibliographie der Zürcher
Druckschriften des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts (Baden-Baden: Koerner, 1991), no. C 217; C 266; C 282.
60 Ibid., p. 132.
61 Ibid., p. 144.
62 Ibid., p. 134f.
63 Ibid., p. 136.
64 Ibid.
65 Miscellanea Tigurina, ed. Johann Jakob Ulrich, vol.
3/1 (Zürich: Bodmer, 1734), pp. 1–9.
66 Johannes Jud, Historische Beschreibung von dem Leben und
Tod … Leonis Judae, in Miscellanea Tigurina, ed. Johann Jakob Ulrich, vol. 3/1 (Zürich:
Bodmer, 1734), p. 10.
67 Ibid., p. 12.
68 Ibid., p. 13.
69 Ibid., p. 14.
70 Ibid., p. 14f.
71 Ibid., p. 16.
72 Ibid.
73 Ibid., p. 16f.
74 Ibid., p. 29.
75 Ibid., p. 34.
76 Ibid.
77 Ibid., p. 35.
78 Ibid., p. 38.
79 Ibid., p. 57.
80 Biblia Sacrosancta Testamenti Veteris et Novi e sacra
Hebraeorum lingua Graecorumque fontibus, consultis simul orthodoxis interpretibus religiosissime translata in
sermonem Latinum; authores omnemque totius operis rationem ex subiecta intelliges praefatione (Zurich:
Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1543). Bullinger’s encomium to Jud is found on sig. a2v.
81 See Christian Moser, ‘Ratramnus von Corbie als “testis
veritatis” in der Zürcher Reformation: Zu Heinrich Bullinger und Leo Juds Ausgabe des “Liber de corpore et
sanguine Domini” (1532)’, in Martin H. Graf and Christian Moser (eds), Strenarum lanx: Beiträge zur Philologie
und Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit (Zug: Achius, 2003), pp. 235–309.
82 Jud began his work on Erasmus’ paraphrases in the early 1520s
and then returned to them shortly before his death in 1542. Cf. Desiderius Erasmus, Paraphrases zuo tütsch: Die
Epistlen sancti Pauli … durch doctor Erasmum von Roterdam kurtzlich beschriben und klarlich uß gelegt, durch
meister Leonem Jud gentzlich dem Latin nach vertütscht (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1521); Desiderius
Erasmus, Paraphrasis oder Erklaerung des gantzen Neüwen Testaments … anfangs durch den hochgeleerten und
gottsaeligen mann H. Erasmum von Roterodam in Latinischer spraach auùgangen, yetzund aber durch den getreüwen
diener Christi M. Leon Jude Predicanten Zürych, in das Teütsch gebracht (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder,
1542).
83 Leo Jud, Des lydens Jesu Cristi: Gantze uù den vier
Euangelistenn geeingte historia (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1539).
84 See Gordon, ‘Bullinger’s Vernacular Writings’, pp. 117–34.
85 Jud, Beschreibung, p. 44. The original is Biblia
sacrosancta, sig 2av.
86 Jud, Beschreibung, p. 45.
87 Ibid., p. 46.
88 Ibid., p. 58.
89 Ibid., p. 62.
90 Ibid., p. 64.
91 Ibid., p. 65.
92 Ibid.
93 Ibid., p. 67.
94 Ibid., p. 68f.
95 Ibid., p. 69.
96 Ibid., p. 70.
97 Ibid., p. 72.
98 On Zurich’s troubled relations with the empire, see Andreas
Mühling, Heinrich Bullingers europäische Kirchenpolitik (Bern/New York: Peter Lang, 2001) (Zürcher
Beiträge zur Reformationsgeschichte 19).