Section 17

 ² See, for example, Heinrich Bullinger, Festorum dierum sermones (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1558); Rudolf Gwalther, Archetypi homiliarum festarum et sylvula homiliarum inauguralium (Zurich: Wolf, 1612).

 ³ Order of the Zurich City Council of 14 June 1542 (Zurich Zentralbibliothek, Ms. A 70, p. 365f., no. 38); only three listings of the division of responsibility for preaching have survived: the oldest from c. 1544/45 (Zurich Staatsarchiv, E II 440, p. 141, no. 19) and those for 1550 and 1552 (ed. in Roland Diethelm, ‘Bullinger and Worship: “Thereby Does One Plant and Sow the True Faith”’, in Bruce Gordon (ed.), Architect of Reformation: An Introduction to Heinrich Bullinger, 1504–1575 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004), p. 147f., n. 37.

 ⁴ Fritz Büsser, ‘Bullinger der Prediger’, in Fritz Büsser, Wurzeln der Reformation in Zürich (Leiden: Brill, 1985) (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought 31), pp. 143–6, and Appendix, pp. 146–58.

 ⁵ Information for Rudolf Gwalther the Elder is drawn from my Gwalther-Bio-Bibliography, which remains in manuscript. See also The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, vol. 2 (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 203; Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 4th ed., vol. 3 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000), cols 1356–7. See also n. 12 and 14 below.

 ⁶ Gwalther’s own copy of the Erasmus Greek New Testament published in Basel in 1531 is in the Zurich Zentralbibliothek, Bibl. 34p.

 ⁷ Von Klarheit und Gewissheit des Wortes Gottes (1522) (in Huldreich Zwinglis sämtliche Werke, eds Emil Egli et al. [Berlin et al.: Schwetschke et al., 1905ff.] [Corpus Reformatorum 88–101] [cited as Z], vol. 1, pp. 328–84); Eine Predigt von der ewig reinen Magd Maria (1522) (Z, vol. 1, pp. 385–428); Der Hirt (1523/24) (Z, vol. 3, pp. 5–68); the sermons given in Berne in January 1528 (Z, vol. 6/1, pp. 443–92, 493–9); Sermonis de providentia anamnema (1530) (Z, vol. 6/3, pp. 1–230).

 ⁸ The individual sections of the Decades were published in Zurich by Christoph Froschauer the Elder between 1549 and 1551; the first complete edition appeared in 1552, cf. Heinrich Bullinger, Sermonum Decades quinque, ed. Peter Opitz (Zurich: Theologischer Verlag Zürich, 2008) (Heinrich Bullinger Werke III/3.1–2). The earliest editions of Bullinger’s biblical commentaries appeared before his Decades; his sermons, ‘Conciones’ and ‘Sermones’ were all published after the Decades.

 ⁹ Gwalther’s principal works of translation and editing were his revision of the New Testament and Argumenta capitum for the Biblia sacrosancta (Zurich 1543); Ioannis Cantacuzeni contra Mahometicam fidem Christiana assertio (as part of Theodor Bibliander’s edition of the Koran; Basel 1543); Opera Zuinglii, 4 vols (Zurich 1544–45); Theodoreti de providentia sermones (Zurich 1546); Nabal, comoedia sacra (Zurich 1549). He returned to expanding and editing the work of other scholars only after he had succeeded Bullinger as leader of the Zurich church, when his work was part of the defence of reformed teachings in light of the Lutheran Formula of Concord and Book of Concord: Christoph Hardesheim, Consensus orthodoxus (Zurich 1578); Pietro Martire Vermigli, Loci communes (Zurich 1580); Opera Zuinglii (2nd ed.) (Zurich 1581).

¹⁰ Otto Werdmüller, Ein kleinot: Von trost und hilff in allerley trüebsalen (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1548); Der tod (Zurich: Augustin Fries, 1549); Vom höchsten artickel IIII büecher: Wie der mensch vor Gott gerecht und sälig werde (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1552). Cf. Manfred Vischer, Bibliographie der Zürcher Druckschriften des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts (Baden-Baden: Koerner, 1991) [cited as BZD], nos C 399, F 15, C 459.

¹¹ Heinrich Bullinger: Bibliographie, ed. Joachim Staedtke (Zurich: Theologischer Verlag Zürich, 1972) [cited as HBBibl I], nos 246, 260, 264, 265, 267, 268, 278, 281, 561, 582.

¹² As all these works were published by either Christoph Froschauer the Elder or his son Christoph Froschauer the Younger, they can easily be traced in BZD. Several of Gwalther’s German sermons, their language lightly modernized, were published again as Geistlich Hausskleinot, vols 1–2 in 1610 and 1612, and were translated by Zurich pastors into Latin, see below note 20.

¹³ BZD, nos C 602, C 837, 920–921 and 1031.

¹⁴ A selection of Gwalther’s homilies appeared in 1585 in Homiliarum in Evangelia dominicalia pars I–II / in diebus festis, pars III, a work structured in line with the Lutheran pericope – in effect they were Postillae. Their publication was intended for the church in Anhalt, which had adopted a middle way between Lutheran and reformed. The place of publication appears as Leiden (‘Lugduni Batavorum’), but is in fact Zerbst in Anhalt.

¹⁵ HBBibl I, nos 327, 361, 428 and 558.

¹⁶ Cf. BZD, nos C 907, C 942, C 1045–47, C 1086, C 1089.

¹⁷ Cf. BZD, nos N 20 and N 82.

¹⁸ Cf. HBBibl I, nos 331 and 371.

¹⁹ Archetypi homiliarum in quatuor Evangelia … delineati a Rodolpho Gualthero (Zurich: Johannes Wolf, 1601 [i.e., 1600]), see fols 251v–252r, one sermon on each folio. A separate edition of the archetypes of his sermons on Luke appeared in octavo in Zurich in 1605. The dating of A25–27 seems justified if we assume that at Whitsun 1552 (5 June 1552) Gwalther had preached on Luke 1:15–17 or Luke 1:35. Rudolf Simler (1568–1611), doctor of medicine, was the son of Gwalther’s daughter Magdalena from her first marriage, to Josias Simler (1530–76).

²⁰ Die Kindtheit und Uferziehung unsers Herren Jesu Christi. Von rechter Christenlicher Kinderzucht, zwo Predginen uß dem anderen Capitel Luce, gethon und beschriben durch Ruodolffen Walther, dienern der Kilchen Zürich (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1553). The first sermon appears on fols A2r–D4v; the second on fols D5r–G6r.

²¹ This work is preserved in the collection published by Gwalther’s son-in-law Heinrich Wolf, De Iesu Christi Domini ac Salvatoris nostri, et Christianorum vita et officio Homiliae et Orationes variae, D. Rodolphi Gvaltheri … (Zurich: Officina Froschoviana, 1588), fols 27r–34r and 34v–40v. Theodor Collinus or Ambühl (1535–1604), a pastor, was the son of Rudolf Collinus (1499–1578), professor of Greek.

²² H 24–5 appears on fols 62r–65r and 65r–68r; each homily covers six to seven folio pages. References in this chapter are to the fourth edition, which appeared in Zurich in 1585.

²³ A and H have no section heading at the start.

²⁴ P 1: ‘Unterhändler’; T: ‘intercessor et mediator’.

²⁵ P 1: ‘Kinder-Zucht’; T: ‘Docet veram puerorum disciplinam’ A 25/H 24: ‘Usus et scopus huius historiae’.

²⁶ T: ‘Parentum Christi exercitia’; A 25/H 24: ‘I.(1). Ioseph et Maria una cum Iesu ascendunt Ierosolymam’.

²⁷ A 25: (I.2). ‘Parentes liberorum institutionem a se ipsis incipiant’.

²⁸ A 25/H 24: ‘II.1. Liberi a pueris assuefaciendi ad cultum Dei’.

²⁹ P 1: ‘billich’, T: ‘aequum’.

³⁰ P1: ‘erbuwen’ (erbauen), T: ‘informanda’.

³¹ A 25/H 24: ‘II.2. Pueros pietatis capaces esse’.

³² P 1: ‘Kinderzucht’; T: ‘Pietas totam liberorum educationem complectitur’; A 25/H 24: ‘II.3. Religio institutionis puerorum compendium’.

³³ Translation from P 1. Cf. A 25: ‘Cogita potius sub religione omnia contineri, quae ad institutionem liberorum necessaria sunt. Si hanc imbiberint, verbi audiendi studio ardebunt. Inde vero discent parentibus debitum officium praestare, magistratibus etc. obedire, cupiditates frenare etc. Sequitur Dei benedictio’; H 24: ‘Sed procul dubio aliter sentire discent, qui cogitant sub religione et timore Dei omnia ea comprehendi, quae ad liberorum institutionem necessaria sunt, et proinde huius quasi compendium facillimum esse religionis doctrinam. Si enim Dei timore imbuti fuerint puerorum animi, iidem etiam audiendi verbi eius studio ardebunt. Ita vero discent parentes debito honore prosequi, iisdem obsequium fidum praestare, et iam senio confectos pie fovere atque alere. Discent etiam obedire magistratibus et omnibus iis, qui in aliqua publica authoritate constituti sunt. Ad haec iam inde a pueris cupiditates carnis fraenare et coercere discunt, quod vitae piae et honestae principium est. Istis vero studiis suam benedictionem Deus coniungit, ut et ipsi feliciter agant, et parentibus suis ornamento sint’.

³⁴ P 1: ‘Prästen’ (that is, afflictions, injuries, illness, moral failings, wretchedness and so on); T: ‘Vitia’.

³⁵ A 26: ‘I. Iesus Ierosolymae remansit’; H 24: ‘Ioseph et Maria ob Iesum amissum cruciantur’.

³⁶ A 26. ‘Nota: I.1. Consolatio parentum’.

³⁷ A 26/H 24: ‘I.2. In puerorum institutione nulla cura nimia est’.

³⁸ P 1: ‘Fürsichtigkkeit’; A 26/H 24: ‘I.3. Providentia Dei exemplum’.

³⁹ A 26/H 24: ‘II. Iesus in templo invenitur’.

⁴⁰ A 26: ‘Sed nota. II.1. A pueris imbibenda religio’.

⁴¹ A 26/H 24: ‘II.2. Iesus doctores audit et interrogat’.

⁴² In place of this subsection, in A 26 and H 24 Gwalther addresses what humans need in order to live.

⁴³ A 26/H 24: ‘III: Christus catholicus omnium doctor’.

⁴⁴ Translation from P 1. A 26: ‘Interim discant hic officii sui meminisse parentes. Iuniores Christi exemplum imitentur. Omnes vero audiamus diligenter hunc Doctorem et Prophetam catholicum, etc. Oremus’. H 24: ‘Nunc quoad huius orationis argumentum, meminisse debent parentes, liberos sibi a Deo datos esse, et proinde eosdem huic adduci et consecrari debere. Quod ut maiori cum fructu fiat, non doctrina solum et institutione, sed exemplo illis praeire debent. E contra pueri institutionem admittant, ut Christo Iesu per fidem insiti, in eodem adolescant in viros perfectos, et caelestis regni cohaeredes fiant. Illi debetur benedictio, honor, gloria et potestas in aeternum. Amen’.

⁴⁵ T, A, H: ‘in iis, quae Patris mei sunt’.

⁴⁶ A 27/H 25: ‘I. Maria Christum duriter increpat’.

⁴⁷ A 27/H 25: ‘Sed nota (I.1). Ius parentum in liberos’.

⁴⁸ A 27/H 25: ‘I.2. Christus Mariae graviter respondet’.

⁴⁹ A 27/H 25: ‘Nota (I.3.). Dei vocatio in nullius hominis gratiam debet negligi’. A 27: ‘Regulam, quam sequamur in Dei vocatione: Ne scilicet aliquem tanti faciamus, ut propter illum negligamus a Deo iniunctum munus’. H 25: ‹Debet ex hoc Christi exemplo generalis doctrina aut regula peti, quam in sequenda Dei vocatione observemus. Est haec, ne aliquem mortalium tantae authoritatis esse putemus, ut in eius gratiam iniunctum a Deo munus negligamus’.

⁵⁰ A 27/H 25: ‘(I.4). Mariae et Iosephi ignorantia’.

⁵¹ A 27/H 25: ‘II. Christus parentibus subiectus fuit’.

⁵² A 27/H 25: ‘Ubi nota. II.1. Quid liberi debeant parentibus’.

⁵³ A 27/H 25: ‘II.2. Christus artificium manuarium exercuit’.

⁵⁴ H 25: ‘Iesu Christi profectus’; A 27/H 25: ‘III. Piae institutionis liberorum fructus’.

⁵⁵ P 2: ‘Züchtigung bringt Weisheit’, T: ‘Disciplinam sapientiam parit’.

⁵⁶ T: ‘Contemptus omnium ordinum unde sit’.

⁵⁷ T: ‘… officium suum considerent pro dignitate et huic satisfaciant’.

⁵⁸ A 27: ‘Nunc meminerint magistratus, iuventutis curam ad se pertinere. Parentes sciant se frustra fatigari in aliis, nisi officium faciant. Instent ministri. Pueri, puellae sciant sibi disciplina opus esse. In his situm reformationis verae fundamentum. Oremus’. – H 25: ‘Meminerint ergo principes viri … scholarum praefecti … parentes … Debent causam hanc indesinenter urgere ecclesiarum ministri, cum ex ea patriae et reipublicae salus potissimum dependeat. Cogitent praeterea pueri et iuvenes utriusque sexus, sibi disciplina et institutione in primis opus esse, et proinde illam patienter ferant. Est res ista maximi momenti, et in ea situm est reformationis Christianae fundamentum, quam necessariam esse omnes fatentur. Faxit Deus Optimus Maximus, ut de ea omnes serio cogitent, et idem omnis sexus, ordinis et aetatis homines suo spiritu regat, ut vitam vivant vere Christianam, et olim vitae caelestis cohaeredes sint cum filio eius unigenito, Iesu Christo, Domino nostro, cui debetur benedictio, honor, gloria et potestas in aeternum. Amen’.

⁵⁹ Konrad Pellikan, In sacrosancta quatuor Evangelia et apostolorum acta commentarii (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1537), commentary on Luke, pp. 37–41; Heinrich Bullinger, In Evangelium secundum Lucam, Commentariorum libri IX (Zurich: Christoph Froschauer the Elder, 1546), fols 37v–39r.

⁶⁰ As appears in the preface to his sermons on John from 1565 (fols 2r–v), on which see Kurt Jakob Rüetschi, ‘Der Zürcher Pfarrer Rudolf Gwalther als Prediger’, in Festschrift für István Tőkés zum 90. Geburtstag – Emlékkönyv Tőkés István kilencvenedik születésnapjára (Kolozsvár 2006), pp. 329–53.

⁶¹ Sermons sur l’Harmonie Evangélique, Sermons 38–9 on Luke 2:41–52, in Ioannis Calvini opera quae supersunt omnia, eds Wilhelm Baum et al., 59 vols (Halle/S. et al.: Schwetschke, 1863–1900) (Corpus Reformatorum 29–87), vol. 46, pp. 463–88.

⁶² D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, 67 vols (Weimar: Böhlau, 1883–1997), vol. 12, pp. 407–19; vol. 15, pp. 414–17; vol. 17/1, pp. 4–8; vol. 17/2, pp. 15–32; vol. 20, pp. 232–5; vol. 27, pp. 11–24; vol. 37, pp. 254–8; vol. 45, pp. 428–30; vol. 52, pp. 104–10.

⁶³ Anna (b. 1542), Magdalena (b. 1550), and Rudolf (b. 1552). Gwalther’s marriage to Regula Zwingli produced four more children, although not all would survive to adulthood, and his second marriage, to Anna Blarer, produced two more daughters.