Ix. Statistics Of Manufacturing.

IX. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURING.

Approximate Annual Value of Manufactures Produced in the Principal Manufacturing Countries at dates named, 1780 to 1900.

Countries.	1780.	1800.	1820.	1840.	1860.	1888.	1896.	1900.
Countries.	Millions of Dollars.
United Kingdom	861	1,119	1,411	1,883	2,808	3,991	4,263	5,000
Germany	243	292	414	730	1,509	2,837	3,358	4,601
France	715	925	1,071	1,285	1,849	2,360	2,900	3,450
Austria-Hungary	146	243	389	691	973	1,231	1,596	2,000
Russia	49	73	97	195	754	1,767	1,849	1,980
Italy	49	73	122	195	389	589	925	1,700
Belgium	....	....	....	292	438	496	574	750
Spain	49	97	146	219	292	414	589	615
United States	73	122	268	467	1,908	7,022	9,636	13,004
Various	151	219	292	438	779	1,767	2,097	2,317
Total	2,336	3,163	4,210	6,395	11,699	22,474	27,787	35,417

Countries.	1780.	1800.	1820.	1840.
Countries.	Millions of Dollars.
United Kingdom	861	1,119	1,411	1,883
Germany	243	292	414	730
France	715	925	1,071	1,285
Austria-Hungary	146	243	389	691
Russia	49	73	97	195
Italy	49	73	122	195
Belgium	....	....	....	292
Spain	49	97	146	219
United States	73	122	268	467
Various	151	219	292	438
Total	2,336	3,163	4,210	6,395

Countries.	1860.	1888.	1896.	1900.
Countries.	Millions of Dollars.
United Kingdom	2,808	3,991	4,263	5,000
Germany	1,509	2,837	3,358	4,601
France	1,849	2,360	2,900	3,450
Austria-Hungary	973	1,231	1,596	2,000
Russia	754	1,767	1,849	1,980
Italy	389	589	925	1,700
Belgium	438	496	574	750
Spain	292	414	589	615
United States	1,908	7,022	9,636	13,004
Various	779	1,767	2,097	2,317
Total	11,699	22,474	27,787	35,417

Note.—The figures (Mulhall’s estimates prior to 1900) here given for the United States are those of gross values. The relation of “gross” to “net” value of the manufactures of the United States is explained at .

Approximate Annual Value of Manufactures Produced In the Principal Manufacturing Countries at dates named, 1780 to 1900.

Countries.	1780.	1800.	1820.	1840.	1860.	1888.	1896.	1900.
Countries.	Millions of Dollars.
United Kingdom	861	1,119	1,411	1,883	2,808	3,991	4,263	5,000
Germany	213	292	414	730	1,509	2,837	3,358	4,601
France	715	925	1,071	1,285	1,849	2,360	2,900	3,450
Austria-Hungary	146	243	389	691	973	1,231	1,596	2,000
Russia	49	73	97	195	754	1,767	1,849	1,980
Italy	49	73	122	195	389	589	925	1,700
Belgium	....	....	....	292	438	496	574	750
Spain	49	97	146	219	292	414	589	615
United States	48	81	179	311	1,272	4,681	6,426	8,371
Various	151	219	292	438	779	1,767	2,097	2,317
Total	2,311	3,122	4,121	6,239	10,063	20,133	24,577	30,784

Countries.	1780.	1800.	1820.	1840.
Countries.	Millions of Dollars.
United Kingdom	861	1,119	1,411	1,883
Germany	213	292	414	730
France	715	925	1,071	1,285
Austria-Hungary	146	243	389	691
Russia	49	73	97	195
Italy	49	73	122	195
Belgium	....	....	....	292
Spain	49	97	146	219
United States	48	81	179	311
Various	151	219	292	438
Total	2,311	3,122	4,121	6,239

Countries.	1860.	1888.	1896.	1900.
Countries.	Millions of Dollars.
United Kingdom	2,808	3,991	4,263	5,000
Germany	1,509	2,837	3,358	4,601
France	1,849	2,360	2,900	3,450
Austria-Hungary	973	1,231	1,596	2,000
Russia	754	1,767	1,849	1,980
Italy	389	589	925	1,700
Belgium	438	496	574	750
Spain	292	414	589	615
United States	1,272	4,681	6,426	8,371
Various	779	1,767	2,097	2,317
Total	10,063	20,133	24,577	30,784

Note.—Figures are those of Mulhall, except for 1900, the figures of gross manufactures for the United States having been reduced to net on the basis of net equal to 66⅔ per cent of gross; figures for 1900, estimate of Wm. J. Clark, in Engineering Magazine, May, 1904.

Importation of Manufactures into United Kingdom and United States, respectively, at quinquennial years, 1870 to 1908.

[From official statistics of the respective governments.]

[D]

1870

277

229

1875

354

241

1880

405

307

1885

406

261

1890

478

348

1895

483

296

1900

630

337

1905

707

430

1907

754

638

1908

696

528

[D] For United States, fiscal years; for United Kingdom, calendar years.

Commerce of the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, from 1875 to 1908. Showing exports of domestic merchandise, and exports of domestic manufacture from each country named.

	Imports of merchandise.
Year.	United Kingdom.	Germany.	United States.
	Dollars.	Dollars.	Dollars.
1875	1,819,779,000	839,590,000	533,005,000
1880	2,001,251,000	670,945,000	667,955,000
1885	1,805,316,000	699,067,000	577,527,000
1890	2,047,298,000	990,023,000	789,310,000
1895	2,027,822,000	980,719,000	731,970,000
1900	2,545,544,000	1,372,216,000	849,941,000
1901	2,540,264,000	1,290,254,000	823,172,000
1902	2,571,416,000	1,340,178,000	903,321,000
1903	2,642,054,050	1,424,080,000	1,025,719,000
1904	2,681,629,000	1,514,660,000	991,087,000
1905	2,749,669,000	1,696,660,000	1,117,513,000
1906	2,958,289,000	1,909,210,000	1,226,562,000
1907	3,143,293,000	2,046,187,000	1,434,421,000
1908			1,194,342,000

	Exports of domestic merchandise.
Year.	United Kingdom.	Germany.	United States.
	Dollars.	Dollars.	Dollars.
1875	1,087,497,000	593,052,000	499,284,100
1880	1,085,521,000	688,500,000	823,946,353
1885	1,037,124,000	680,551,000	726,682,946
1890	1,282,472,000	791,717,000	845,293,828
1895	1,100,453,000	789,660,000	793,392,599
1900	1,417,086,000	1,097,509,000	1,370,763,571
1901	1,362,729,000	1,054,685,000	1,460,462,806
1902	1,379,283,000	1,111,008,000	1,355,481,861
1903	1,415,179,000	1,113,313,000	1,392,231,302
1904	1,463,412,000	1,242,987,000	1,435,179,000
1905	1,605,053,000	1,364,131,000	1,491,745,000
1906	1,827,737,000	1,513,449,000	1,171,953,000
1907	2,074,125,000	1,634,803,000	1,853,718,000
1908			1,834,786,000

	Exports of domestic manufactures.
Year.	United Kingdom.	Germany.	United States.
	Dollars.	Dollars.	Dollars.
1875	978,886,000	....	101,962,000
1880	970,681,000	460,279,000	121,818,000
1885	913,353,000	504,623,000	150,256,000
1890	1,118,657,000	511,096,000	178,982,000
1895	953,800,000	518,723,000	205,058,000
1900	1,142,603,000	709,806,000	484,846,000
1901	1,110,131,000	688,409,000	465,778,000
1902	1,127,606,000	735,182,000	453,865,000
1903	1,163,812,000	780,925,000	467,898,000
1904	1,204,359,000	819,196,000	523,320,000
1905	1,322,851,000	910,017,000	611,426,000
1906	1,523,699,000	1,046,938,000	686,023,000
1907	1,690,038,000	No data.	740,123,000
1908			750,576,000

[E] Imports for consumption.

[F] Years ending June 30.

Exportation of Manufactures from United Kingdom and United States, respectively, at quinquennial years, 1870 to 1908.

[From official statistics of the respective governments.]

[G]

1870

888

1875

979

102

1880

965

122

1885

915

150

1890

1,112

179

1895

941

205

1900

1,126

485

1905

1,329

611

1907

1,694

740

1908

1,445

751

[G] For United States, fiscal years; for United Kingdom, calendar years.

Coal Production of the World by Principal Countries, at quinquennial periods from 1870 to 1895 and annually since that date.

[From reports of the United States Geological Survey.]

Year.	United States.	Great Britain.	Germany.	France.	Total production of the world.	Per cent of U. S.
	Short tons.	Short tons.	Short tons.	Short tons.	Short tons.
1870	33,035,580	123,682,935	37,488,312	14,530,716	34,850,088	14.07
1875	52,348,320	149,303,263	52,703,970	18,694,916	308,479,177	16.97
1880	71,481,570	164,605,738	65,177,634	21,346,124	369,413,780	20.62
1885	111,160,295	178,473,588	81,227,255	21,510,359	447,783,802	24.82
1890	157,770,963	203,408,003	98,398,500	28,756,638	563,693,232	27.99
1895	193,117,530	212,320,725	114,561,318	30,877,922	644,177,076	29.98
1896	191,986,357	218,804,611	123,943,159	32,167,270	664,001,718	28.92
1897	200,229,199	226,385,523	132,762,882	33,938,987	697,213,515	28.72
1898	219,976,267	226,301,058	144,283,196	35,656,426	738,129,608	29.80
1899	253,741,192	246,506,155	149,719,766	36,215,026	801,976,021	31.63
1900	269,684,027	252,203,056	164,805,202	36,811,536	846,041,848	31.88
1901	293,299,816	245,332,578	168,217,082	35,596,536	870,711,044	33.69
1902	301,590,439	254,346,447	165,826,496	33,286,146	888,453,950	33.95
1903	357,356,416	257,974,605	179,076,630	38,466,873	972,195,531	36.76
1904	351,816,398	260,319,665	186,785,378	37,663,349	983,527,562	35.78
1905	392,722,635	264,464,408	191,576,074	38,951,360	1,034,156,604	37.98
1906	414,157,278	281,195,743	222,350,526	37,828,931	1,106,478,707	37.43

Year.	United States.	Great Britain.	Germany.
	Short tons.	Short tons.	Short tons.
1870	33,035,580	123,682,935	37,488,312
1875	52,348,320	149,303,263	52,703,970
1880	71,481,570	164,605,738	65,177,634
1885	111,160,295	178,473,588	81,227,255
1890	157,770,963	203,408,003	98,398,500
1895	193,117,530	212,320,725	114,561,318
1896	191,986,357	218,804,611	123,943,159
1897	200,229,199	226,385,523	132,762,882
1898	219,976,267	226,301,058	144,283,196
1899	253,741,192	246,506,155	149,719,766
1900	269,684,027	252,203,056	164,805,202
1901	293,299,816	245,332,578	168,217,082
1902	301,590,439	254,346,447	165,826,496
1903	357,356,416	257,974,605	179,076,630
1904	351,816,398	260,319,665	186,785,378
1905	392,722,635	264,464,408	191,576,074
1906	414,157,278	281,195,743	222,350,526

Year.	France.	Total production of the world.	Per cent of U. S.
	Short tons.	Short tons.
1870	14,530,716	34,850,088	14.07
1875	18,694,916	308,479,177	16.97
1880	21,346,124	369,413,780	20.62
1885	21,510,359	447,783,802	24.82
1890	28,756,638	563,693,232	27.99
1895	30,877,922	644,177,076	29.98
1896	32,167,270	664,001,718	28.92
1897	33,938,987	697,213,515	28.72
1898	35,656,426	738,129,608	29.80
1899	36,215,026	801,976,021	31.63
1900	36,811,536	846,041,848	31.88
1901	35,596,536	870,711,044	33.69
1902	33,286,146	888,453,950	33.95
1903	38,466,873	972,195,531	36.76
1904	37,663,349	983,527,562	35.78
1905	38,951,360	1,034,156,604	37.98
1906	37,828,931	1,106,478,707	37.43

[H] Latest available figures are used in making up totals for 1906.

Note. The use of coal for the production of power for use in manufacturing has such an important relation to that industry that the presentation of this table in this study seems justifiable.

World’s Production of Cotton.

[From Latham, Alexander & Co.’s “Cotton Movement & Fluctuation,” 1902-7.]

Countries.	1902-3.	1903-4.	1904-5.	1905-6.	1906-7.
	Bales.	Bales.	Bales.	Bales.	Bales.
United States	10,511,020	9,841,671	13,420,440	11,048,000	13,346,000
East Indies	2,737,577	2,734,400	2,952,720	2,983,370	3,482,000
Egypt	1,148,700	1,275,754	1,244,968	1,152,516	1,350,000
Brazil	329,390	307,516	325,928	476,667	400,000
Total	14,726,687	14,159,341	17,944,056	15,660,553	18,578,000

Countries.	1902-3.	1903-4.
	Bales.	Bales.
United States	10,511,020	9,841,671
East Indies	2,737,577	2,734,400
Egypt	1,148,700	1,275,754
Brazil	329,390	307,516
Total	14,726,687	14,159,341

Countries.	1904-5.	1905-6.	1906-7.
	Bales.	Bales.	Bales.
United States	13,420,440	11,048,000	13,346,000
East Indies	2,952,720	2,983,370	3,482,000
Egypt	1,244,968	1,152,516	1,350,000
Brazil	325,928	476,667	400,000
Total	17,944,056	15,660,553	18,578,000

[I] Includes India’s exports to Europe, America and Japan, and mill consumption in India increased or decreased by excess or loss of stock at Bombay.

[J] Receipts into Europe from Brazil, Smyrna, Peru, West Indies, etc., and Japan and China cotton used in Japanese mills.

Estimated Number of Cotton Spindles at Work on the Continent of Europe, Sept. 30, 1907.

[From Alfred B. Shepperson’s “Cotton Facts,” December, 1907.]

Russia and Poland

7,000,000

Germany

9,000,000

Austria

3,700,000

France

6,200,000

Spain

2,800,000

Switzerland

1,550,000

Italy

3,000,000

Belgium

1,300,000

Sweden, Norway, etc.

550,000

Holland

420,000

Portugal

210,000

Greece

70,000

Total

35,800,000

Annual Consumption of Cotton in Cotton Mills.

[From Alfred B. Shepperson’s “Cotton Facts,” December, 1907.]

Season of	Great Britain.	Continent Europe.	Northern States of U. S.	Southern States of U. S.	Total of United States.	India.
Season of	In bales of 500 pounds net.
1896-7	3,224,000	4,368,000	1,771,000	946,000	2,717,000	1,041,000
1897-8	3,432,000	4,628,000	1,771,000	1,151,000	2,922,000	1,185,000
1898-9	3,519,000	4,784,000	2,218,000	1,364,000	3,582,000	1,340,000
1899-	3,334,000	4,576,000	2,163,000	1,524,000	3,687,000	1,162,000
1900-1	3,269,000	4,576,000	1,909,000	1,526,000	3,435,000	1,087,000
1901-2	3,253,000	4,836,000	1,996,000	1,912,000	3,908,000	1,384,000
1902-3	3,185,000	5,148,000	1,980,000	1,910,000	3,890,000	1,362,000
1903-4	2,977,000	5,148,000	1,980,000	1,795,000	3,775,000	1,368,000
1904-5	3,572,000	5,148,000	2,112,000	2,063,000	4,175,000	1,473,000
1905-6	3,766,000	5,244,000	2,364,000	2,239,000	4,603,000	1,587,000
1906-7	3,915,000	5,444,000	2,460,000	2,362,000	4,822,000	1,562,000

Season of	Great Britain.	Continent Europe.	Northern States of U. S.
Season of	In bales of 500 pounds net.
1896-7	3,224,000	4,368,000	1,771,000
1897-8	3,432,000	4,628,000	1,771,000
1898-9	3,519,000	4,784,000	2,218,000
1899-	3,334,000	4,576,000	2,163,000
1900-1	3,269,000	4,576,000	1,909,000
1901-2	3,253,000	4,836,000	1,996,000
1902-3	3,185,000	5,148,000	1,980,000
1903-4	2,977,000	5,148,000	1,980,000
1904-5	3,572,000	5,148,000	2,112,000
1905-6	3,766,000	5,244,000	2,364,000
1906-7	3,915,000	5,444,000	2,460,000

Season of	Southern States of U. S.	Total of United States.	India.
Season of	In bales of 500 pounds net.
1896-7	946,000	2,717,000	1,041,000
1897-8	1,151,000	2,922,000	1,185,000
1898-9	1,364,000	3,582,000	1,340,000
1899-	1,524,000	3,687,000	1,162,000
1900-1	1,526,000	3,435,000	1,087,000
1901-2	1,912,000	3,908,000	1,384,000
1902-3	1,910,000	3,890,000	1,362,000
1903-4	1,795,000	3,775,000	1,368,000
1904-5	2,063,000	4,175,000	1,473,000
1905-6	2,239,000	4,603,000	1,587,000
1906-7	2,362,000	4,822,000	1,562,000

World’s Supply and Distribution of Cotton.

[From Latham, Alexander & Co.’s “Cotton Movement & Fluctuation,” 1902-7.]

Year.	Visible and Invisible Supply at beginning of year.	Crops.			Total Actual Consumption.	Balance of Supply End of year.
	Visible and Invisible Supply at beginning of year.	United States	All Others.	Total.	Total Actual Consumption.	Visible.	Invisible.
	Bales of 500 pounds each.
1884-5	1,550,000	5,136,000	2,101,000	7,237,000	7,444,000	984,000	359,000
1885-6	1,343,000	5,984,000	2,234,000	8,218,000	8,120,000	968,000	473,000
1886-7	1,441,000	5,960,000	2,577,000	8,537,000	8,505,000	999,000	474,000
1887-8	1,473,000	6,400,000	2,309,000	8,709,000	8,891,000	772,000	519,000
1888-9	1,291,000	6,463,000	2,632,000	9,095,000	9,267,000	682,000	437,000
1889-90	1,119,000	6,820,000	2,933,000	9,753,000	9,795,000	846,000	231,000
1890-1	1,077,000	8,137,000	3,039,000	11,176,000	10,511,000	1,315,000	427,000
1891-2	1,742,000	8,640,000	3,001,000	11,641,000	10,565,000	2,310,000	508,000
1892-3	2,818,000	6,435,000	3,296,000	9,731,000	10,291,000	1,903,000	355,000
1893-4	2,258,000	7,136,000	3,314,000	10,450,000	10,580,000	1,792,000	336,000
1894-5	2,128,000	9,640,000	2,978,000	12,618,000	11,543,000	2,185,000	1,018,000
1895-6	3,203,000	6,912,000	3,421,000	10,333,000	11,605,000	1,231,000	700,000
1896-7	1,931,000	8,435,868	3,438,000	11,873,868	11,880,332	1,295,636	628,000
1897-8	1,923,636	10,890,000	3,316,290	14,206,290	12,888,768	1,905,158	1,336,000
1898-9	3,241,158	11,078,000	3,694,934	14,772,934	14,014,728	2,371,364	1,628,000
1899-1900	3,999,364	9,137,000	3,092,897	12,229,897	13,772,772	1,071,489	1,385,000
1900-1	2,456,489	10,218,000	3,414,454	13,632,454	13,415,916	1,549,027	1,124,000
1901-2	2,673,027	10,380,380	4,038,569	14,413,949	14,414,908	1,306,068	1,366,000
1902-3	2,672,068	10,511,020	4,215,661	14,726,687	14,477,694	1,177,677	1,743,384
1903-4	2,921,061	9,841,671	4,317,670	14,159,341	14,310,158	1,085,237	1,735,007
1904-5	2,770,244	13,420,440	4,524,000	17,944,056	15,541,667	2,501,469	2,671,164
1905-6	5,172,638	11,048,000	4,612,553	15,660,553	16,328,804	1,702,485	2,801,897
1906-7	4,504,382	13,346,000	5,232,000	18,578,000	17,005,640	2,215,497	3,861,245

Year.	Visible and Invisible Supply at beginning of year.
Year.	Bales of 500 pounds each.
1884-5	1,550,000
1885-6	1,343,000
1886-7	1,441,000
1887-8	1,473,000
1888-9	1,291,000
1889-90	1,119,000
1890-1	1,077,000
1891-2	1,742,000
1892-3	2,818,000
1893-4	2,258,000
1894-5	2,128,000
1895-6	3,203,000
1896-7	1,931,000
1897-8	1,923,636
1898-9	3,241,158
1899-1900	3,999,364
1900-1	2,456,489
1901-2	2,673,027
1902-3	2,672,068
1903-4	2,921,061
1904-5	2,770,244
1905-6	5,172,638
1906-7	4,504,382

Year.	Crops.
	United States	All Others.	Total.
	Bales of 500 pounds each.
1884-5	5,136,000	2,101,000	7,237,000
1885-6	5,984,000	2,234,000	8,218,000
1886-7	5,960,000	2,577,000	8,537,000
1887-8	6,400,000	2,309,000	8,709,000
1888-9	6,463,000	2,632,000	9,095,000
1889-90	6,820,000	2,933,000	9,753,000
1890-1	8,137,000	3,039,000	11,176,000
1891-2	8,640,000	3,001,000	11,641,000
1892-3	6,435,000	3,296,000	9,731,000
1893-4	7,136,000	3,314,000	10,450,000
1894-5	9,640,000	2,978,000	12,618,000
1895-6	6,912,000	3,421,000	10,333,000
1896-7	8,435,868	3,438,000	11,873,868
1897-8	10,890,000	3,316,290	14,206,290
1898-9	11,078,000	3,694,934	14,772,934
1899-1900	9,137,000	3,092,897	12,229,897
1900-1	10,218,000	3,414,454	13,632,454
1901-2	10,380,380	4,038,569	14,413,949
1902-3	10,511,020	4,215,661	14,726,687
1903-4	9,841,671	4,317,670	14,159,341
1904-5	13,420,440	4,524,000	17,944,056
1905-6	11,048,000	4,612,553	15,660,553
1906-7	13,346,000	5,232,000	18,578,000

Year.	Total Actual Consumption.	Balance of Supply End of year.
	Total Actual Consumption.	Visible.	Invisible.
	Bales of 500 pounds each.
1884-5	7,444,000	984,000	359,000
1885-6	8,120,000	968,000	473,000
1886-7	8,505,000	999,000	474,000
1887-8	8,891,000	772,000	519,000
1888-9	9,267,000	682,000	437,000
1889-90	9,795,000	846,000	231,000
1890-1	10,511,000	1,315,000	427,000
1891-2	10,565,000	2,310,000	508,000
1892-3	10,291,000	1,903,000	355,000
1893-4	10,580,000	1,792,000	336,000
1894-5	11,543,000	2,185,000	1,018,000
1895-6	11,605,000	1,231,000	700,000
1896-7	11,880,332	1,295,636	628,000
1897-8	12,888,768	1,905,158	1,336,000
1898-9	14,014,728	2,371,364	1,628,000
1899-1900	13,772,772	1,071,489	1,385,000
1900-1	13,415,916	1,549,027	1,124,000
1901-2	14,414,908	1,306,068	1,366,000
1902-3	14,477,694	1,177,677	1,743,384
1903-4	14,310,158	1,085,237	1,735,007
1904-5	15,541,667	2,501,469	2,671,164
1905-6	16,328,804	1,702,485	2,801,897
1906-7	17,005,640	2,215,497	3,861,245

Stocks of Money in Thirteen Principal Countries of the World in 1873, 1896 and 1906.

Relative increase in use of gold, silver and paper money illustrated.

Countries.

Stock of Gold.

1873.

1896.

1906.

United States

$135,000,000

$696,300,000

$1,593,300,000

Great Britain

160,000,000

584,000,000

486,700,000

France

450,000,000

772,000,000

926,400,000

Germany

160,200,000

654,500,000

1,030,300,000

Russia

149,100,000

586,900,000

939,400,000

Italy

20,000,000

96,900,000

215,500,000

Belgium

25,000,000

35,000,000

31,100,000

Netherlands

12,000,000

21,900,000

45,900,000

Austria-Hungary

35,000,000

178,500,000

306,400,000

Australasia

50,000,000

132,100,000

125,000,000

Denmark

4,100,000

15,400,000

22,600,000

Sweden

1,800,000

10,600,000

22,600,000

Norway

7,600,000

7,500,000

8,300,000

Total

1,209,800,000

2,791,600,000

5,753,500,000

Countries.

Stock of Silver.

1873.

1896.

1906.

United States

$ 6,150,000

$364,500,000

$698,700,000

Great Britain

95,000,000

121,700,000

116,800,000

France

500,000,000

443,900,000

411,100,000

Germany

306,235,000

212,800,000

219,700,000

Russia

18,600,000

74,200,000

77,900,000

Italy

23,000,000

45,400,000

31,700,000

Belgium

15,000,000

57,000,000

24,700,000

Netherlands

37,300,000

56,100,000

52,600,000

Austria-Hungary

40,000,000

63,700,000

105,300,000

Australasia

3,000,000

7,000,000

10,000,000

Denmark

7,500,000

5,400,000

6,100,000

Sweden

4,300,000

4,900,000

7,700,000

Norway

1,600,000

2,000,000

3,100,000

Total

1,057,685,000

1,728,600,000

1,765,400,000

Countries.

Uncovered paper.

1873.

1896.

1906.

United States

$749,445,000

$397,000,000

$610,800,000

Great Britain

59,800,000

112,100,000

116,800,000

France

385,300,000

119,200,000

269,200,000

Germany

90,800,000

123,800,000

267,100,000

Russia

618,400,000

467,200,000

No data.

Italy

87,800,000

161,000,000

150,600,000

Belgium

35,100,000

72,500,000

125,800,000

Netherlands

15,300,000

37,900,000

57,800,000

Austria-Hungary

265,800,000

177,600,000

119,300,000

Australasia

....

22,500,000

No data.

Denmark

6,500,000

6,400,000

10,700,000

Sweden

6,000,000

19,000,000

34,800,000

Norway

2,300,000

3,800,000

7,000,000

Total

2,322,545,000

1,720,000,000

1,769,900,000

Countries.

Total money in countries named.

1873.

1896.

1906.

United States

$890,595,000

$1,727,800,000

$2,902,800,000

Great Britain

314,800,000

817,800,000

720,300,000

France

1,335,300,000

1,335,100,000

1,606,700,000

Germany

557,235,000

991,100,000

1,517,100,000

Russia

786,100,000

1,128,300,000

1,017,300,000

Italy

130,800,000

303,300,000

397,800,000

Belgium

75,100,000

164,500,000

181,600,000

Netherlands

64,600,000

115,900,000

156,300,000

Austria-Hungary

340,800,000

419,800,000

531,000,000

Australasia

53,000,000

161,600,000

135,000,000

Denmark

18,100,000

27,200,000

39,400,000

Sweden

12,100,000

34,500,000

65,100,000

Norway

11,500,000

13,300,000

18,400,000

Total

4,590,030,000

7,240,200,000

9,288,800,000

[K] Exclusive of uncovered paper, for which no data is available.

Note.—The great increase in the use of capital in the manufacturing industries in recent years seems to justify the presentation of this table showing the general growth of money in the manufacturing countries.

Annual Average Gold Production of the World.

Period.

1493 to 1700

5.4

1701 to 1850

13.1

1851 to 1890

120.2

1891 to 1900

210.1

1901 to 1905

322.1

1906

400.3

1907

410.0

(estim.) 1908

444.0

The World’s Production of Pig Iron from 1800 to 1907.

[In gross tons of 2240 lbs.]

Year.	United States.	Great Britain.	Germany.	France.	Various.	Total.
	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.
1800	40,000	190,000	40,000	60,000	130,000	460,000
1810	55,000	250,000	46,000	85,000	180,000	616,000
1820	20,000	400,000	90,000	140,000	385,000	1,570,000
1830	165,000	680,000	120,000	220,000	480,000	2,677,000
1840	287,000	1,390,000	170,000	350,000	640,000	4,426,000
1850	564,000	2,250,000	402,000	570,000	270,000	920,000
1860	820,000	3,830,000	530,000	900,000	1,100,000	7,180,000
1870	1,665,000	5,960,000	1,390,000	1,180,000	1,710,000	11,905,000
1880	3,835,000	7,750,000	2,730,000	1,730,000	2,090,000	18,135,000
1885	4,050,000	7,420,000	2,690,000	1,630,000	2,310,000	18,100,000
1889	7,603,000	8,250,000	4,530,000	1,720,000	3,060,000	25,163,000
1895	9,446,000	7,703,000	5,465,000	2,006,000	4,247,000	28,867,000
1896	8,623,000	8,660,000	6,271,000	2,302,000	5,001,000	30,857,000
1897	9,652,000	8,796,000	6,771,000	2,444,000	5,267,000	32,930,000
1898	11,773,000	8,610,000	7,196,000	2,485,000	5,808,000	35,872,000
1899	13,620,000	9,421,000	8,013,000	2,537,000	6,464,000	40,055,000
1900	13,789,000	8,960,000	8,384,000	2,671,000	6,686,000	40,490,000
1901	15,878,000	7,929,000	7,754,000	2,351,000	6,886,000	40,798,000
1902	17,821,000	8,680,000	8,395,000	2,367,000	6,876,000	44,139,000
1903	18,009,000	8,935,000	9,860.000	2,796,000	6,677,000	46,277,000
1904	16,497,000	8,694,000	9,899,000	2,927,000	7,322,000	45,339,000
1905	22,992,000	9,608,000	10,703,000	3,028,000	7,569,000	53,900,000
1906	25,307,000	10,109,000	12,099,000	3,267,000	7,360,000	58,142,000
1907	25,781,000	9,924,000	12,672,000	3,532,000	7,591,000	59,500,000

Year.	United States.	Great Britain.	Germany.
	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.
1800	40,000	190,000	40,000
1810	55,000	250,000	46,000
1820	20,000	400,000	90,000
1830	165,000	680,000	120,000
1840	287,000	1,390,000	170,000
1850	564,000	2,250,000	402,000
1860	820,000	3,830,000	530,000
1870	1,665,000	5,960,000	1,390,000
1880	3,835,000	7,750,000	2,730,000
1885	4,050,000	7,420,000	2,690,000
1889	7,603,000	8,250,000	4,530,000
1895	9,446,000	7,703,000	5,465,000
1896	8,623,000	8,660,000	6,271,000
1897	9,652,000	8,796,000	6,771,000
1898	11,773,000	8,610,000	7,196,000
1899	13,620,000	9,421,000	8,013,000
1900	13,789,000	8,960,000	8,384,000
1901	15,878,000	7,929,000	7,754,000
1902	17,821,000	8,680,000	8,395,000
1903	18,009,000	8,935,000	9,860.000
1904	16,497,000	8,694,000	9,899,000
1905	22,992,000	9,608,000	10,703,000
1906	25,307,000	10,109,000	12,099,000
1907	25,781,000	9,924,000	12,672,000

Year.	France.	Various.	Total.
	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.
1800	60,000	130,000	460,000
1810	85,000	180,000	616,000
1820	140,000	385,000	1,570,000
1830	220,000	480,000	2,677,000
1840	350,000	640,000	4,426,000
1850	570,000	270,000	920,000
1860	900,000	1,100,000	7,180,000
1870	1,180,000	1,710,000	11,905,000
1880	1,730,000	2,090,000	18,135,000
1885	1,630,000	2,310,000	18,100,000
1889	1,720,000	3,060,000	25,163,000
1895	2,006,000	4,247,000	28,867,000
1896	2,302,000	5,001,000	30,857,000
1897	2,444,000	5,267,000	32,930,000
1898	2,485,000	5,808,000	35,872,000
1899	2,537,000	6,464,000	40,055,000
1900	2,671,000	6,686,000	40,490,000
1901	2,351,000	6,886,000	40,798,000
1902	2,367,000	6,876,000	44,139,000
1903	2,796,000	6,677,000	46,277,000
1904	2,927,000	7,322,000	45,339,000
1905	3,028,000	7,569,000	53,900,000
1906	3,267,000	7,360,000	58,142,000
1907	3,532,000	7,591,000	59,500,000

[L] Preliminary estimate.

Note.—Official figures of the respective national statistical offices of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France. Figures for all other countries taken from the French and Swedish Mineral Statistics.

Commerce of the World since 1830.

[Aggregate of imports for consumption and domestic exports in millions of dollars.—Mulhall’s figures prior to 1890.]

Country.	1830.	1840.	1850.	1860.	1870.	1880.	1890.	1897.	1903.	1907.
United Kingdom	422	547	811	1,800	2,625	3,350	3,552	3,389	4,056	5,217
France	197	317	456	801	1,089	1,627	1,493	1,450	1,747	2,237
Germany	220	249	336	624	1,017	1,411	1,761	1,996	2,621	3,681
Russia	134	158	192	230	494	629	566	618	867	834
Austria-Hungary	72	105	139	225	398	513	441	609	813	949
Italy	96	144	182	249	317	437	451	438	652	821
Spain	33	48	53	120	197	240	283	301	257	325
Portugal	14	19	24	38	48	67	86	73	97	100
Holland and Belgium	144	216	293	413	653	1,137	1,488	1,915	2,614	3,010
United States	105	197	297	653	702	1,478	1,536	1,815	2,453	3,318
Spanish America	168	230	336	451	648	768	797	826	965	1,802
India	48	96	144	249	408	518	629	440	761	913
British colonies, other	43	101	211	494	614	974	1,430	1,550	2,292	2,169
Other countries	264	323	326	853	1,200	1,351	2,287	3,020	2,866	3,733
The world	1,960	2,750	3,800	7,200	10,500	14,500	16,800	18,500	23,061	29,109

Country.	1830.	1840.	1850.	1860.	1870.
United Kingdom	422	547	811	1,800	2,625
France	197	317	456	801	1,089
Germany	220	249	336	624	1,017
Russia	134	158	192	230	494
Austria-Hungary	72	105	139	225	398
Italy	96	144	182	249	317
Spain	33	48	53	120	197
Portugal	14	19	24	38	48
Holland and Belgium	144	216	293	413	653
United States	105	197	297	653	702
Spanish America	168	230	336	451	648
India	48	96	144	249	408
British colonies, other	43	101	211	494	614
Other countries	264	323	326	853	1,200
The world	1,960	2,750	3,800	7,200	10,500

Country.	1880.	1890.	1897.	1903.	1907.
United Kingdom	3,350	3,552	3,389	4,056	5,217
France	1,627	1,493	1,450	1,747	2,237
Germany	1,411	1,761	1,996	2,621	3,681
Russia	629	566	618	867	834
Austria-Hungary	513	441	609	813	949
Italy	437	451	438	652	821
Spain	240	283	301	257	325
Portugal	67	86	73	97	100
Holland and Belgium	1,137	1,488	1,915	2,614	3,010
United States	1,478	1,536	1,815	2,453	3,318
Spanish America	768	797	826	965	1,802
India	518	629	440	761	913
British colonies, other	974	1,430	1,550	2,292	2,169
Other countries	1,351	2,287	3,020	2,866	3,733
The world	14,500	16,800	18,500	23,061	29,109

[M] 1906.

[N] Trade over the European frontier only.

[O] 1904.

[P] Various years, 1904 to 1906.

Imports and Exports of Manufactures into and from the Principal Countries of the World and the Share Which Manufactures Formed of their Total Commerce.

The Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor published in 1903 a series of tables showing the imports and exports of manufactures of the principal countries of the world and the share which manufactures formed, respectively, of the imports and exports of each of the countries named. The following is a summarization of that table:

Countries.	Iron and Steel.		Textiles.		Other Manufactures.
Countries.	Import.	Export.	Import.	Export.	Import.	Export.
Austria-Hungary (1901)	$13,942,000	$10,667,000	$34,696,000	$27,659,000	$65,350,000	$149,038,000
Belgium (1902)	19,083,000	46,144,000	21,652,000	41,722,000	63,475,000	90,974,000
Denmark (1901)	9,415,000	1,711,000	12,699,000	245,000	17,741,000	1,926,000
France (1902)	31,336,000	42,238,000	44,611,000	188,338,000	136,645,000	278,227,000
Germany (1901)	42,186,000	207,951,000	65,290,000	204,789,000	259,193,000	411,311,000
Italy (1901)	31,318,000	1,523,000	17,116,000	36,399,000	53,305,000	37,451,000
Netherlands (1901)	92,446,000	58,045,000	41,172,000	29,668,000	108,121,000	143,797,000
Portugal (1902)	6,431,000	249,000	7,253,000	1,171,000	10,302,000	1,946,000
Russia-European frontier (1901)	48,538,000	818,000	23,728,000	9,942,000	85,900,000	45,309,000
Spain (1902)	19,448,000	955,000	11,032,000	6,977,000	27,463,000	33,398,000
Sweden (1902)	11,916,000	15,402,000	13,306,000	796,000	26,613,000	23,221,000
Norway (1901)	11,672,000	963,000	8,886,000	257,000	13,037,000	10,863,000
Switzerland (1902)	17,366,000	10,704,000	27,205,000	76,447,000	48,478,000	47,960,000
United Kingdom (1902)	74,685,000	298,945,000	175,194,000	547,325,000	478,821,000	294,861,000
United States (1903)	51,617,000	96,642,000	146,202,000	39,641,000	369,310,000	654,860,000
Canada (1902)	34,727,000	…	10,060,000	…	67,719,000	18,076,000
Mexico (1901)	18,457,000	…	10,294,000	…	18,170,000	9,178,000
Argentina (1902)	18,343,000	…	28,700,000	…	20,674,000	704,000
Brazil (1901)	7,034,000	…	14,032,000	…	21,954,000	43,000
China (1902)	4,721,000	…	79,580,000	…	56,239,000	…
Japan (1902)	13,878,000	…	15,380,000	31,729,000	39,637,000	28,173,000
India (1902)	54,302,000	…	125,356,000	…	74,123,000	…
Australia (1901)	36,066,000	…	54,540,000	…	65,598.000	13,754,000
New Zealand (1900)	12,088,000	…	12,821,000	…	16,732,000	970,000

Countries.	Total Manufactures.		Percent which manufactures form of total.
Countries.	Import.	Export.	Import.	Export.
Austria-Hungary (1901)	$113,988,000	$187,364,000	32.63	48.35
Belgium (1902)	104,210,000	178,840,000	23.72	49.89
Denmark (1901)	39,855,000	3,882,000	37.47	4.96
France (1902)	212,592,000	508,803,000	24.95	62.22
Germany (1901)	366,669,000	824,051,000	28.42	78.13
Italy (1901)	101,739,000	75,373,000	30.68	28.50
Netherlands (1901)	241,739,000	231,510,000	29.54	33.27
Portugal (1902)	23,986,000	3,366,000	39.96	10.96
Russia-European frontier (1901)	158,166,000	56,069,000	56.37	14.45
Spain (1902)	57,943,000	41,330,000	37.60	29.04
Sweden (1902)	51,835,000	39,419,000	42.08	41.61
Norway (1901)	33,595,000	12,083,000	43.46	28.78
Switzerland (1902)	93,049,000	135,111,000	42.72	80.07
United Kingdom (1902)	728,700,000	1141,131,000	27.92	82.70
United States (1903)	570,129,000	791,143,000	55.58	56.83
Canada (1902)	112,506,000	18,076,000	57.26	10.47
Mexico (1901)	46,921,000	9,178,000	75.11	27.78
Argentina (1902)	67,717,000	704,000	68.13	.41
Brazil (1901)	43,020,000	43,000	44.87	…
China (1902)	140,540,000	…	71.36	…
Japan (1902)	69,895,000	59,902,000	51.73	47.05
India (1902)	253,781,000	…	88.15	…
Australia (1901)	156,204,000	13,754,000	76.35	10.23
New Zealand (1900)	41,641,000	970,000	83.82	1.72

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