2 St. Jerome
ST. JEROME
NOTES 1. Commodus, 180-192; Septimius Severus, 193-211.
2. Eus., h.e 5.27.
3. No longer extant. Eusebius says that he has read it; nothing further is known of the author.
REFERENCES
DHGE 11, 730, G. Bardy
XLIX. APION
AN THE REIGN of the emperor Severus,! Apion? likewise composed a treatise On the Hexaemeron®
NOTES 1. Septimius Severus, 193—211.
2. Eus., h.e 5.27.
3. No longer extant.
REFERENCES
DHGE 3, 95455 — EECh 1, 55, E. Prinzivalli
L. SEXTUS
N THE REIGN of the emperor Severus,' Sextus® wrote a volume, On the Resurrection.® NOTES 1. Septimius Severus, 193—211.
2. Eus,, h.e 5.27.
3. No longer extant.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
REFERENCES
Q 1, 284 — EECh 2, 775, E. Prinzivalli — LThK g, 708, J. Kraus
LI. ARABIANUS
=INDER THE SAME EMPEROR,
Arabianus' published certain works concerned with Christian doctrine.
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e. 5.2%, where he is linked with Sextwus (supra).
REFERENCES
DHGE 3, 115%7-58, R. Aigrain
LII. JUDAS
Z23]| UPAS' DISCOURSED
at great length On the Seventy bl Weeks in Daniel® and set out a xpovoypadiav, a Chronolo- ©,® of past ages down to the tenth year of the reign of Severus.* 2. In this he was guilty of error because he said that the coming of Anti-Christ would occur in his own time.® But this was because the intensity of the persecutions® made the threat of the end of the world seem imminent.
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e 6.7, our total information.
2. Dn 9.24—27. For Jerome's commentary on 9.24, cf. CCL 75A, 865-89.
See EEC 1, 317-10, art., "Daniel," C. T. McCollough.
3. xpovoypadiay: in h.e. 6.6, immediately preceding 6.7, Eusebius tells of
ST. JEROME
a similar xpovoypadia in Clement of Alexandria [Sirom. 1.21]. See Courcelle, LLW, g9 n. 62.
4. Septimius Severus reigned, 193-211.
5. For the prevalence of such belief see Test: Sull'Anticrisio Secolo 3, ed. F.
Shaffoni, Biblioteca Patristica (Florence, 1992).
6. A.D. 202, beginning of the fifth persecution against the Christians.
LIII, TERTULLIAN THE PRESBYTER
OW FINALLY TERTULLIAN the presbyter! is ranked first of the Latin writers after Victor and Apollonius.?
He was from the province of Africa, from the city of Carthage where his father was a proconsular centurion.?
2. A man of impetuous temperament, he was in his prime in the reign of the emperor Severus and Antoninus Caracalla,* and he wrote many works which I need not name? since they are very widely known.
3. At Concordia, a town in Italy, I saw an old man named Paul, who said that, when he was still a very young man, he had seen in Rome a very old man who had been secretary of blessed
Cyprian and had reported to him that Cyprian was accustomed never to pass a day without reading Tertullian and would frequently say to him, "Hand me the master," meaning, of course,
Tertullian.® 4. This one was a presbyter of the church until his middle years, but later, because of the envy and reproaches of the clerics of the Roman church," he had lapsed into Montanism, and he makes mention of the new prophecy® in many books.
5. In particular, he composed against the church the works On Modesty;® On Persecution;®® On Fasting;"!
On Monogamy;*? six books On Ecstasy and a seventh [added] which he composed Against Apollonius.*®
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
He is said to have lived to a very old age and to have composed many works which are not extant.!* NOTES 1. See Eus., Chron., A.D. 208, ed. Helm, 212. Studies of Tertullian include the following: T. D. Barnes, Tertullian,; R. Braun, "Un nouveau Tertullien. Problémes de biographie et chronologie," REL 50 (1972): 67-84 (on 1940 edition of Barnes's aforementioned book); D. Rankin, Tartullian and the Church (Cambridge, 1995), an attempted rehabilitation; E. Osborn, Tatullian, First Theologian of the West (Cambridge, 1997); T. D. Barnes, "Tertullian the Antiquarian," StudPat 14, § [= TU 117 (1976}, 3—20]; R. D. Sider,
"Approaches to Tertullian: A Study of Recent Scholarship," SecCent 2 (1982): 228-60. See also P. Petitmengin, "Saint Jéréme et Tertullien," in Y.
M. Duval, ed., féréme entre I'Occident & I'Orient. XVIe centennaire du départ de saint Jérome de Rome & son installation & Bethléem (Paris, 1988), 43-50.
2. Victor: cf. DVI 34. Q 1, 279, expresses doubts about Victor being thefirst to use Latin. For Apollonius cf.
DVI 40.
8. patre centurione proconsulari: see Chron., A.D. 218, ed. Helm, 212.
4. Septimius Severus reigned 193-211; Caracalla, 211-17; multaque seripsit volumina: he counseled Eustochium (ep. 22.22, CSEL B4, 174-75),
"Lege Tertulliani ad amicum philosophum et de virginitate alios libellos."
And in ¢p. 70.5 (CSEL 54, 707), "To the orator, Magnus": "Quid Tertulliano eruditius, quid acutius? Apologeticus eius et contra gentes libri cunctam saeculi continent disciplinam," therein extolling his éykiidios Tardela.
He is more restrained in writing to Paulinus of Nola (gb. 58.10, CSEL 54, 539): "Tertullianus creber est in sententiis, sed difficilis in loquendo."
5. Pragtermittimus: this kind of praeteritiois particularly irritating in a bibliographer (cf. Cyprian, DVI67.2). See Appendix 2.
6. Concordia, birthplace of Rufinus, born c. 345, and of Jerome, a town near Aquileia and Stridon. For the influence of Tertullian on Cyprian, cf.
C. B. Daly, Tertullian the Puritan and His Influence. An Essay in Historical Theology (Dublin, 1993). On the Da magistrum episode Jerome is more restrained in gp. 84.2: "The blessed Cyprian takes Tertullian for his master, as his writings prove; yet, delighted as he is with the ability of this learned and. zealous writer, he does not join him in following Montanus and Maximilla"
(NPNF 6, 176).
4. A retroactive jibe, motivated perhaps by Jerome's own maltreatment by the Roman clergy.
8. On Tertullian's Montanism cf. R D. Sider, "Approaches to Tertullan," SecCent 2 (1082): 233-98; R. Braun, "Tertullien et le montanisme.
Eglise institi et église spirituelle," RSLR21 (1985): 245-57; D. Powell, "Tertullianistae and Cataphrygians," VigChr 29 (1975): 83-54; A Quacquare]h
"L'antimonarchianesimo di Tertulliano e il su presunto montanismo,™ VaChr 10 (1978): 5—45. On nova propheia, £.V. C. de Clerq, "The Expectation of the Second Coming of Christ in Tertullian," StudPat 11, 2 (=TU
108 [Berlin, 1972]): 146-51; P. C. Atkinson, A Study of the Development of
ST. JEROME
Tortullian's Use and Interpreiation of Seripture, with Special Reference to his Involvement n the New Prophecy (Ph.D. diss., Hull University, 1g76), not seen by the translator.
9. CPL 30; CCL 2, 1279-1330; C. Micaelli and C. Munier, SC 394-39% (1908); Tertullian. Treatises on Penance: "On Penitence" and "On Purity", irans.
W. P. Le Saint, ACW 28 (1959)-
10. CPL 25; CCL 2, 1133-55; ANF 4, 116—26.
11. CPL 2g; CCL 2, 1255—747; CSEL 20, 274—97; ANF 4, 102-15.
12. CPL 28; CCL 2, 1227-53; Tartullian: Treatises on Marriage and Remarriage (including To his Wife, An Exhortation to Chastity, Monogamy), trans. W.
P. Le Saint, ACW 13 (19%1); P. A. Gramaglia, Il matrimonie né cristianesimo preniceno. Ad uxorem, De exhoriatione castiatis, De monogamia di Tertulliane
(Rome, 1988); R. Uglione, "L'Antico Testamento negli scritti Tertullianei sulle seconde nozze," AugR 22 (1982): 165—8; P. Mattei, "Tertullien, De
Monogamia. Critique textelle et contenu doctrinale," RSLR 22 (1986):
68-88; P. Mattei, "Le divorce chez Tertullien. Examen de la question i la lumiére des développements que le De Monogaméia consacre a ce subjet,"
RSR 60 (1986): 207-34; H. ]. Vogt, "Die Ehe ein Salrament? Hinweise far eine Antwort aus der friuhen Kirche," ThQ 168 (1988): 16-23; C. Micaelli,
"L'influsso di Tertulliano su Girolamo: le opere sul matrimonio e le secondo nozze," AugR 19 (1979): 415-29.
13. Cf. Jerome, DVI 24.3 and 40.4. For De extasi, "Concerning Ecstasy," see CPL 31b; CCL 2, 1334-385. See Adv. Apelleacos, CPL 31a and CCL 2,
1333-84; also J. P. Mahg, "Le traité perdu de Tertullien Adversus Apellaacos etle chronologie de sa triade anti-gnostique," REAug 16 (1970): §—24.
14. Jerome also knows Scorpiace; see Against Vigilantius, NPNF 6, ser. 2, 420.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 246-340 — Dr, 124-30 — CPL 1-36 — Cath 14, 931-46, C. Munier — DSp 15, 271-95, C. Munier — EEC 2%, 1107—9, R. D. Sider — EECh 2,
81820, P. Siniscalco — LThK g, 1877074, B. Kotting — NCE 13, 101g—22, W. LeSaint — Dihle, Greek and Latin, 3 50-59 — Gamble, Books, 118—21 —
Gestalten 1, g7—120, H. von Campenhausen — R. E. Heine, The Montaniss.
Oracles and Testimonia, PatMS 14, 154-55 For annual bibliographical surveys of Tertullian, cf. REAug 25 (19%79):
201-30§; also for bibliography cf. R. Braun, J.-C. Fredouille, and P. Petitmengin, "Bibliographia Chronica Tertullianea," in Chronica Tertullianea
(1975). 1978 on. See also R W. Sider, SecCent 40 (1994): 478-00Opera omnia: A. Reifferscheid, G. Wissowa, A. Kroymann, H. Hoppe, V.
Bulhart, Ph. Borleffs = CSEL 20, 47, 69, 70, 76 (18g0-1957); CCL 12 (1954)More recent editions of individual works include the following:
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
Ad uxorem: C. Munier, SC 273 (1980); Adversus Marcionem: R. Braun, SC 365, 368 (1990—91);
Adversus Valentinianos:
] -C. Fredouille, SC 280-281 (1980-81); De anima: ]. H. Waszink (Amsterdam, 1947);
De baptismo: R. F. Refoulé and M. Drouzy, SC 35 (1952); De carne Christi:
] -P. Mahé, SC 216-217 (1975); De cultn feminarum: M. Turcan, SC 173 (1971); De exhoriatione castitatis: C. Moreschini and J.-C. Fredouille, SC 319
(1985); De idololatria: ]. H. Waszink and J. C. M. van Winden, VigChr Supp. 1 (1987);
De monogamia: P. Mattei, SC 343 (1988).
De paenitentia: C. Munier, SC 316 (1984); De patientia: ]-C. Fredouille, SC g10 (1984);
De spectaculis: M. Turcan, SC 332 (1986); K-W. Weber (Stuttgart, 1988); De virginibus velandis: C. Sticklin, EHS.T 26 (1974); E. SchulzFligel and P. Mattei, SC 424 (Paris, 1997).
LIV. ORIGEN, SURNAMED ADAMANTIUS,
THE PRESBYTER
RIGEN, SURNAMED ADAMANTIUS,! as a result of a persecution raised against the Christians in the tenth year of Severus Pertinax,? in which his father Leonidas® received the crown of martyrdom for Christ, was left at the age of about seventeen, with his six brothers and widowed mother, in poverty, for their property had been confiscated* because of confessing Christ.
2. When only eighteen years old, he undertook the work of conducting the katnxnoewv, Catecheses,® in the scattered church of Alexandria.® Later, appointed by Demetrius, bishop of this city, as successor to the presbyter Clement," he flourished for many years.
3. When he had already reached middle life, on account of the churches of Achaia, which were torn with many heresies, he undertook a journey to Athens,® by way of Palestine,® authorized by an ecclesiastical letter, and having been ordained pres-
ST. JEROME
byter by Theoctistus and Alexander, bishops of Caesarea and Jerusalem,' he offended Demetrius, who was so wildly enraged at him that he wrote everywhere to injure his reputation.!
4. It is known that before he went to Caesarea, he had been at Rome, under bishop Zephyrinus.}? Immediately on his return to Alexandria he made Heraclas the presbyter, who continued to wear his philosopher's garb, his assistant in kaTnxioewv, the school for catechetes. Heraclas became bishop of the church of Alexandria after Demetrius.?
5How great Origen's glory was is apparent from the fact that Firmilianus, bishop of Caesarea, with all the Cappadocian bishops,!* sought a visit from him, and entertained him for a long while. Sometime afterwards, going to Palestine to visit the holy places, he came to Caesarea and was instructed at length by Origen in the Holy Scriptures.'® But it is also the case that he went to Antioch at the request of Mammaea, mother of the emperor Alexander,'® and a woman religiously disposed, and was there held in greatest honor, and he sent letters to the emperor Philip, who was the first among the Roman rulers to become a Christian,!" and to his mother, letters which are still extant.
6. Who does not also know that he was so assiduous in the study of the Holy Scriptures that contrary to the spirit of his time and of his people, he learned the Hebrew language,!® and, taking the Septuagint!® translation, he gathered in a single work the other translations also, namely, that of Aquila, the proselyte of Pontus, and Theodotian the Ebionite, and Symmachus,® an adherent of the same sect who also wrote commentaries KaTd
Marbalov, on the Gospel according to Matthew,? from which he tried to establish his doctrine.
7. And besides these, he thought out with great diligence a fifth, sixth, and seventh? translation, which we also have from his library, and he compared [them] with the other editions.
8. And since I have given a list of his works, in the volume of letters which I have written to Paula,? in a letter which I wrote comparing his to the works of Varro, I pass this by now, not failing, however, to make mention of his immortal genius,* that he
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
understood dialectics,? as well as geometry, arithmetic, music, grammar, and rhetoric,® and taught all the schools of philosophers,? in such wise that he had also diligent students in secular literature, and lectured to them daily,® and the crowds which flocked to him were marvelous. These he received in the hope that through the instrumentality of this secular literature, he might establish them in the faith of Christ.®
9It is unnecessary to speak of the cruelty of the persecution which was raised against the Christians under Decius,* who was mad against the religion of Philip, whom he had slain, the persecution in which Fabianus, bishop of the Roman church,® perished at Rome, and Alexander and Babylas,® pontiffs of the churches of Jerusalem and Antioch, were imprisoned for their confession of Christ.
10. If any one wishes to know what was done in regard to the position of Origen, he can clearly learn, first, indeed, from his own epistles,® which, after the persecution, were sent to different ones, and secondly, from the sixth book of the Church History of Eusebius of Caesarea,* and from his six volumes on behalf of the same Origen.® 11. He lived until the time of Gallus and Volusianus,® that is, until his sixty-ninth year, and died® at Tyre, in which city he also was buried.
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e. 6.14.10. On "Adamantinos" see OLD, s.v., as well as Liddell,
Scott, Jones, and PGL, s.v. dSapdyTwos; M. Lacore, "L'Homme d'acier— d8apdrtwos dnjp de PAnonyme de Jamblique 3 Platon," REG 110, no. 2
(1997): 399—419.
2. h.e.6.2.2.
8. h.e 6.1.1; 6.2.12.
4. h.e.6.2.13.
5. h.e. 6.3.8; 6.3.8.
6. h.e. 6.3.1; on the persecution in 206, cf. Barnes, C. and E., 83, 327 nn.
18-19.
7. h.e.6.6.1; 6.8.6.
8. h.e. 6.23.4; 6.32.2. For Origen in Athens cf. Barnes, C. and E., 84, and.
P. Nautin, Origéne: sa vie e son cuvre (Paris: Beauchesne, 1977) 428.
9. h.e. 6.23.4.
ST. JEROME
10. h.e. 6.28.4; J. A. McGuckin, "Caesarea Maritima as Origen knew it,"
Origeniana Quinta (1992), 3-25.
11. h.2. 6.8.4-5; cf. Barnes, C. and E., 84.
12. h.e.6.14.10.
18. h.e.6.15.1; 6.1g.12; 6.26.
14. On Firmilian see k.. 7.14.1; on Origen in Caesarea, A. Knauber, "Das Anliegen der Schule des Origenes zu Caserea," MThZ 19 (1968):
182-203.
15. h.e.6.27.
16. h.e. 6.21.3.
17. h.e. 6.34; 6.36.8; 6.39.1. On Philip's "Christianity," cf. Barnes, C. and E., 138, and Nautin, Origéne, 439.
18. h.e. 6.16.1. Jerome tells us about his own struggles with learning Hebrew in gpp. 18.2 and 12§.12. Obviously Origen becomes a rolemodel in this for Jerome; cf.
I. Opelt, "Origene visto da san Girolamo," AugR 26 (1985): 217-22; M. Vesey, "Jerome's Origen: The Making of a Christian
Literary Persona," StudPat 28 (1993): 185—-45.
19. h.e. 6.16.1; P. Lamarche, "La Septante," in Le monde grec et la Bible, ed.
C. Mondésert, 1g-35; E. Ulrich, "Origen's Old Testament Text: the Transmission History of the Septuagint to the Third Century C.E.," in Origen of Alexandria: his World and his Legacy, ed. C. Kannengiesser and W. L. Petersen (Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1988), 3-33. esp. 20-33; P. Blowers,
"Origen, the Rabbis, and the Bible," op. ., g6-116.
20. Jerome, Adv. Rufinum 2.32, quoting from his own Praefaio in librum Isasae: "1 make this one request of my fastidious readers: just as the Greeks read, along with the Septuagint translators, Aquila, and Symmachus, and Theodotion, either because of their zeal for personal information, or that they might better understand the Septuagint, through a comparison of these editions, they, too, in like manner, should deem it an honor to have at least one translator in addition to the earlier ones" (trans. Hritzu, FOTC
53. 157). Aquila was a Jewish proselyte in the reign of Hadrian; cf. Jerome's gb. 32: "for some time past I have been comparing Aquila's version of the Old Testament with the scrolls of the Hebrew, to see if from hatred to Christ the synagogue has changed the text; and—to speak frankly to a friend—I have found several variations which confirm our faith" (NPNF 6,
46). On Symmachus cf. k.. 6.1%7; on Theodotion, A.e. §.8.10, quoting Irenaeus, Adv. haer. 3.21.1.
21. h.e. 6.17.3—4.
22. h.e.6.16.3—4.
23. Eusebius had a similar thought and a similar solution; see h.¢. 6.32.3.
Cf. Courcelle, LLW, 108. The list is in Jerome, gp. §3.4.1-20 [ad Paulam], written c. §85; on this cf. Appendix 1. See also h.e. 6.36.3 and Gamble, Books, 156.
24. Courcelle, LLW, 100-113, after a balanced view of Jerome's readings in Origen, concludes: "If, therefore, the bulk of Jerome's knowledge of the Fathers of the first two centuries is slight, his debt to Origen on the other hand is very great."
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
25. h.e. 6.19.1-2,7-8, 11-12.
26. h.e.6.18.3.
24. h.e. 6.18.2—4. Surprisingly Jerome does not quote A.e. 6.19.3— on Porphyry's encounter with Origen. Cf. Courcelle, LLW, 124.
28. h.e. 6.18.3. Cf. M. Fédou, "L'attitude d'Origéne face aux philosophies et religions palennes," StMiss 42 (1998): 123—42.
29. h.e. 6.3.13.
80. h.e. 6.39.1.
31. h.e. 6.30.1. On Fabian cf. LThK g% 1146—47, G. Schwaiger.
82. h.e. 6.830.2—4.
38. h.e. 6.2.1; 6.36.3.
34. On "the sixth book of the Church Hisiory," see Barnes, C. and E., 82-86, g4-101.
85. h.e 6.33.4; cf. Q 2, 145-46; Q 3. 340.
§6. h.e. 7.1.1. See Chron., A.D. 252, ed. Helm, 218, for Trebonius Gallus (251-258) and his son Volusianus (253).
87. h.e q.1.1.
REFERENCES
Q 2, g7-101 — Dr, 111—20 — CPG 1410-1525 — Cath 10, 243-56, H.
Crouzel — DSp 11, gg3—61, H. Crouzel — EEC 22, 835-37, R. ]. Daly — EECh 2, 619-23, H. Crouzel — LThK %, 1230-35, H. Crouzel — LThK 4%,
118185, H. J. Vogt — NCE 10, 767—74, H. Crouzel
— TRE 2§, 397—420,
R. Williams — Dihle, Grezk and Laiin, 335—40 — Gesialten 1, 134-47, H.
Chadwick See also the following:
H. Crouzel, Bibliographie eritique d'Origéne=IP 8 (1g71); idem, Bibliographic critique d'Origéne, Supplément I = IP 8A (1g82), and Supplément IT=1P 8B (1996); ¢dem, "The Literature on Origen 1970-1988," TS 49 (1988): 499-516; idem, "Chronique origénienne," BLE 8g (1988): 138—45; go (1989):
135—40; 01 (1990): 221—26; g2 (1991): 123-32; H. G. Hédl, BBKL 6 (1g93): 1255-71; L. Lies, "Zum derzeitigen Stand der Origenesforschung," ZKTh 115
(1903): 37-62, 145-71.
ST. JEROME
LV. AMMONIUS
MMONIUS,!
a cultured man and very well educated in philosophy, was famous at Alexandria in the same period.?
2. Among many illustrious products of his talent he composed a work On the Accord of Moses and Jesus® and he also worked out Evangelical Canons* which Eusebius of Caesarea' later followed.
3. Porphyry falsely accused him of turning away from Christianity to paganism,® although it is well established that he remained a Christian to the end of his life.
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e 6.19.6.
2. h.e 6.19.7. Cf. M. Edwards, "Ammonius, Teacher of Origen," JEH 44 (1993): 169-81; E. Elorduy, "Ammonio escriturista," EBib 16 (1957):
187-21%; J. Reuss, "Der Presbyter Ammonius von Alexandrien und sein Kommentar zum Joannes-Evangelium," Bibl 44 (1963): 159—70.
8. h.e. 6.19.10.
4. Cf. CPG 3465 (s.v., "Eusebius Caesariensis") and Q 3, 335; P. H.
Gwilliam, "The Ammonian Sections, Eusebian Canons and Harmonizing Tables in the Syriac Tetraevangelium," Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica 2 (Oxford, 1890): 241—71; W. Thiele, "Beobachtungen zu den eusebianischen
Sektionen und Canones der Evangelien," ZNW 72 (1981): 100-111; T. D.
Barnes, C. and E,, 121-22 and 365 n. 137.
H. K McArthur, "The Eusebian Sections and Canons," CBQ 27 (1965): 250-56; J. E. Bruns, "The agreement of Moses and Jesus in the Demonstratio Evangelica of Eusebius," VigChr 31 (1977): 117—25.
6. Eusebius in h.e. 6.19.2—9 mistook him for Ammonius Saccas. For Porphyry's twofold charge against Ammonius and Origen of switching sides, of. h.e. 6.19.7: Tpds TV KaTd vopovs TolTelay petefdreTto; T. D. Barnes, C. and E., 1'7'7-78.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 101 — CPG, 3465 — EECh 1, 3132, art., "Ammonius Saccas," S. Lilla— LThK 18, 532, T. Baumeister — RAC 6, 1063, ]. Moreau
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
LVI. AMBROSE THE DEACON
s MBROSE,! at first a follower of Marcion, and then converted by Origen,? became a deacon of the church and
£ attained great fame through his profession of faith in the Lord. The work of Origen, On Martyrdom, was dedicated to him, and to the priest, Protheochtistus,® and through the zeal, financial support, and importunity of Ambrose, Origen was able to publish innumerable works.* 2. And he himself was a noble man of no inconsiderable talent, as his letters to Origen indicate.®
3. He died in the year prior to Origen's death® and in this regard he is faulted by many' because, dying a rich man, he made no mention in his will of his old, impecunious friend.
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e. 6.23.1-2. See also DVI 61.3.
2. Cf. h.e. 6.18.1, which makes Ambrose a follower of Valentinus.
8. Cf. h.e. 6.28, where the name is Protoctetus. See translation of J. J.
O'Meara, ACW 19 (1954), 10 and 141. Other works dedicated to him included Comm. on John, On the Psalms, On Prayer, and Contra Celsum.
4. Cf. DVI 61.3 = Eus., h.e. 6.23.1—2. Here Eusebius is more explicit: "as [Origen] dictated there were ready at hand more than seven shorthandwriters [Taxvypddor], who relieved each other at fixed times, and as many copyists [Bufhoypddor], as well as girls skilled in penmanship [képars émi
TO kalwypadeiv founpérars]; for all of whom Ambrose supplied without stint the necessary means" (traps. J. E. L. Oulton, Loeb Classical Library,
Vol. 2 of Eusebius [London and Cambridge, Mass., 1932; reprint, 1980]), 69. See P. Nautin, Origéng 57—60. The works of Origen to which Jerome here alludes included Contra Celsum.
5. On collections of Origen's letters, cf. Courcelle, LLW, 109 and n. 146.
6. The death of Ambrose occurred under Decius in 251 or 252 A.D.; cf.
DHGE 2, 1089.
1. Cf. DHGE 2, 1089, quoting Tillemont in Ambrose's defense: "cette prétendue negligence doit étre reportée a I'amour qu'Origéne avait pour la pauvreté."
REFERENCES
Cath 1, 411, G. Bardy — DHGE 2, 108690, S. Salaville — EECh 1, 28, H.
Crouzel — LThK 1, 426, H. Crouzel — LThK 1%, 493-94, W. A. Bienert
ST. JEROME
LVII. TRYPHO, THE PUPIL OF ORIGEN
RYPHO,! A pIscIPLE of Origen, to whom he directed some letters which are extant, was very expert in the 4] Scriptures.? This is revealed in general in many of his works,® but especially a work which he composed On the Red
Heifer in Deuteronomy* and On the animals cut in half, which in Genesis are placed by Abraham with the dove and the turtle.'
NOTES 1. Not otherwise known; cf. Courcelle, LLW, 109 and n. 147
2. Jerome's own comment.
3. opuscula: probably letters.
4. Not Deuteronomy, but Numbers 19.1-10.
5. Gn 15.9—-10. On SuxoTopnpata cf. Liddell, Scott, Jones, s.v., which offers the following references: "LXX Ex 29.17, L¢ 1.18." Jerome expatiates on Suxotopnpata in Hom. #n Ps. 84 (FOTC 57, 191-92).
LVIII. MINUCIUS FELIX
g Nuctus FELIX,! a distinguished advocate in Rome,
wrote a dialogue, entitled Octavius,? in which a Christian holds a debate with a pagan.
2. Another work that circulates under his name, On Fate, or Against the Mathematicians,® although the work of a very learned man, does not seem to me to correspond in style with the work mentioned above.
3. Lactantius also makes mention* of this Minucius in his works, NOTES 1. A. Dihle, Gredk and Latin, 357-59, adjudicates the Minucius Felix vs.
Tertullian priority debate, concluding that it has "been finally settled with a verdict in favour of Tertullian."
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
2. This is virtually duplicated in ¢p. 70 (ad Magnum, CSEL 54, 707), where the apologist gets a high grade for his deployment of secular sources: "Minucius Felix, causidicus Romani fori, in libro, cui titulus Octavius est, et in altero contra mathematicos ..." See text with German translation by B. Kytzler, ed., Marcus Minucius Felix, Octavius (Darmstadt,
1993); and Eng. trans. by G. W. Clarke, ACW 39 (1974). Also B. Kytzler et al., Concordantia in Minuci Felicis Octavium, Alpha-Omega A '72 (Hildesheim,
1991). Concerning the dialogue form, see P. L. Schmidt, in A. Cameron et al., Christianisme et formes litiéraires de Uantiquité iardive en Occident (Vandoeuvres-Geneva, 1977), 101-90.
3. Promised by Minucius Felix (Octavius 36.2), but, if ever written, lost; see J. R. G. Préaux, "A propos du De fato (?) de Minucius Felix," Latomus g
(1950): 395-413.
4. Lactantius, Inst. div. 5.1.22 (CSEL 19, 402, and FOTC 49, 329).
REFERENCES
Q 2, 155-163 — Dr, 131-132 — CPL 3%, 3%7a — Cath 9, 249-50, P-Th.
Camelot — DSp 10, 1268—72, P. Siniscalco — EEC 22, 753, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 562, P. Siniscalco — HLL 4, §475, E. Heck — LThK 7, 434.
Martin — LThK 73, 27576, E. Heck — NCE ¢, 883, P. W. Lawler — PWRE Supplbd. 81, g52-1002, 136548, H. von M. Geisau — TRE 23, 1-3, B
Kytzler — BBKL 5, 156467, M. Frenschkowski
LIX. GAIUS
SN THE TIME
of Zephyrinus, bishop of the city of Rome, that is, in the reign of Antoninus, the son of Severus,! Gaius? conducted a very significant debate,
Agaznst Proclus,® a follower of Montanus, accusing him of rashness respecting the defense of the new prophecy.*
2. In the same volume he enumerates only thirteen epistles of Paul, asserting that the fourteenth, 7o the Hebrews, is not Paul's.?
It is not regarded as belonging to the apostle Paul among the Romans down to the present day.
NOTES 1. Zephyrinus, 198/9-21%; Septimius Severus, 193—211.
2. Eus,, h.e. 2.25.6; 3.28.1; 6.20.3; R. M. Grant, Eusebius as Church Historian (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980), 71.
ST. JEROME
8. Proclus: h.e. 2.25.6; 3.314; 6.20.8.
4. h.e. 6.20.3.
8. h.e. 6.20.3; cf. 6.25.11-13.
REFERENCES
CPG 1330-1331 — Cath 2, 364, G. Bardy — DHGE 11, 236-387, G. Bardy — EEC 12, 446, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 333, art., "Gaius and the Alogi,"
E. Prinzivalli — LThK 4, 486, J. A. Fischer — LThK 4°, 262-63, F. Mali—R.
E. Heine, The Montanist Oracdles and Testimonia, PatMS 14, 156—57 — J. D.
Smith, Gasus and the Controversy over the Johannine Literature (New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1979)
LX. BERYLLUS THE BISHOP
ERYLLUS, BISHOP of Bostra in Arabia,! after having il ruled the church with distinction for some time, finally lapsed into a heresy which asserted that Christ did not exist before the Incarnation.? He was straightened out by Origen® and wrote various treatises, especially a letter, in which he thanked Origen;* 2. there is also a letter of Origen addressed to him.® A dialogue of Origen and Beryllus survives® in which the latter is accused of heresy.
3. He was famous in the reigns both of Alexander, son of Mammaea," and of his successors as emperors, Maximinus and Gordianus.® NOTES 1. Eus., h.e. 6.33.1.
2. h.e. 6.33.1; Jerome's phrase lapsus in haeresim corresponds to Eusebius's TOV EkKANTLACT
KOV TapekTpémwy kKavéva. His error was Monarchianism (Drobner, g4-gi); he renounced the Patripassian heresy at the Synod of Bostra in 244.
3. h.e. 6.33.2.
4. h.e. 6.20.2; 6.33.3.
5. h.e. 6.33.5.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
6. Not extant.
4. Chron., A.D. 222; h.e. 6.21.2. For Mammaea cf.
DV 54.5.
8. On date df. Chron., A.D. 236, 238.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 40, 62 — Cath 1, 1516, G. Bardy — DHGE 8, 113639, G. Bardy — EEC 1%, 181, L. Pittenger — EECh 1, 119-120, P. Nautin — LThK ¢, 286,
H. Rahner — LThK 23, 30647, C. Scholter — P. Nautin, Latres, 135—36, 200-19
LXI. HIPPOLYTUS THE BISHOP
¥ iPPOLYTUS,! BISHOP of a church in some city, the name of which I could not discover,? in the Date of the Pasch and the Determination of Times® which he wrote, using the first year of the emperor, Alexander, as his ferminus ad quem,* established a canon of a cycle of sixteen years, which the Greeks call ékkandekaetnpida,® and gave the opportunity to Eusebius, who composed a cycle of nineteen years, that is, €vveakar8exaepida,® for the same pasch.
2. He wrote various commentaries on the Scriptures, of which I have found the following:'
On the Hexaemeron,® On Exodus, On the Canticle of Canticles,® On Genesis,'® On Zechariah, On the Psalms,!?
On Isaiah,'?
On Daniel,® On the Apocalypse,* On Proverbs,® On Ecclesiastes,'® On Saul and the Pythoness,"
ST. JEROME
On Antichrist,'® On the Resurrection,1?
Against Marcion, On the Pascha® Against All Heresies, and a homily (mpocopLdiav), In Praise of the Lord our Savior, in which he says he delivered it in a church in the presence of Orien.
® 3. To emulate him, Ambrose, who, as we have said,?® was converted from the Marcionite heresy to the true faith, exhorted
Origen® to write commentaries on the Scriptures, providing him with more than seven secretaries, paying their expenses, and an equal number of copyists, and, more important than this, demanding work from him daily with incredible importunity.2* For this reason, in one of his letters, Origen calls him
EpyodLKTTY, a task-master.?
NOTES 1. See most recently A. Brent, "Hippolytus and the Roman Church in the third century: Communities in tension before the emergence of a monarch bishop," VigChr Supp. 31 (Leiden, 1995); on which cf. M. Simonetti, "Una nuovo proposte su Ippolito," AugR 86 (1996): 13—46.
2. "some city"
= Eus.,, h.e 6.20.2: "head of another church somewhere."
3. Dage of the Pasch and the Datermination of Times: i. e., the Chronicon, CPG 1896; cf. the fragments entitled Demonstratio temporum Paschatis in CPG
1895, which makes reference to CPG 1870.
4. h.e. 6.22; cf. 6.21.2; Chron., A.D. 228, ed. Helm, 215.
5. "established a canon of a sixteenyear cycle, which the Greeks call exkarbekactnplda": Lampe, PGL, s.v.
6. éweaxalbekaeplda: see A. Strobel, Ursprung und Geschichte des frihchristlichen Osterkalenders (Berlin, 1977).
#7. Missing from the list are Contra Noaum (CPG 19o2), Syntagma (CPG 18gy), and De Universe (CPG 1898). For a shorter list of his titles (seven, as against nineteen here) cf. Eus., A.e. 6.22. See P. Nautin, "Notes sur la catalogue des ceuvres d'Hippolyte," RechSR 34 (1947): 99-107, 847-59. See also Courcelle, LLW, 113-14 and notes.
8. Cf. CPG 1880 (1).
9. CPG 1871.
10. Cf. CPG 1880.
11. CPG 1882, fragmenia; A. Whealy, "Prologues on the Psalms. Origen, Hippolytus, Eusebius," RevBén 106 (1996): 28445
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
12. CPG 188p.
13. CPG 1873.
14. CPG 18go.
15. CPG 188s3.
16. CPG 1884. See A. Labaté, "Sui due frammenti di Ippolito all'Ecclesiaste," VetChr 23 (1986): 177-81.
17. On Saul and the Pythoness: CPG 1918 (under Spuria); cf.
1 Sam 28.3—24. For a translation see McCambley, GROrthThR 35 (1990): 120-34.
Similar works survive from Methodius (DVI 83.1) and Gregory of Nyssa.
18. CPG 18%2; Ippolite. L'Anticristo, ed. E. Norelli, Biblioteca Patristica 10 (Florence, 198%), 1g. CPG 1900.
20. See note § above; also CPG 4611 [1925], under Spuria.
21, Against All Heresies = Philosophoumena,; see CPG 1899 and recent edition by M. Marcovich, PTS 2§ (Berlin, 1986). See also Barnes, C. and E.,
185 and 849 n. 61, on question of authenticity.
22. Ambrose: DVI 56; cf. Eusebius in k.2 6.18, who says, "[from] the 'heresy of Valentinus."
23. Eus., h.e. 6.23.1.
24. Based on a misreading of h.e. 6.23.1; ¢ éxelvov means "from that time," not "from that one, him."
25. €pyodudkTns, a taskmaster; Liddell, Scott, Jones, s.v. The noun occurs not in a letter of Origen, but in his Comm. on John 5.1; see FOTC 8o,
160, trans. R. E. Heine. Jerome obviously liked the word: cf. gb. 60 (CSEL 54, 549): "ubi est ille épyoSuskTns noster, et cygneo canore vox dulcior?"
(said of Nepotian).
REFERENCES
Q 2, 163—206 — Dr, 8991, gg—103 — E. Ferguson, EEC 1%, 53132 — Cath 5, 755-60, P-Th, Camelot — DHGE 24, 627-35, V. Saxer
— DSp 7, 1..
581—71, M. Richard [= Opera Minora 85] — LThK §, 37880, R. Gogler — LThK 5% 147-149, C. Scholten — RAC 15, 492-501, C. Scholten — TRE
15, 381-84, M. Marcovich — Dihle, Greck and Latin, 331-34 — Ricerche su Ippolite, Studia Ephemeridis Augustinianum 1§ (Rome: Institutum Patristicam Augustinianum, 197'7)
See also the following:
F.'W. Bautz, BBKL 2 (1gg90): 888—g3:
Nuove ricerche su Ippolito, Studia Ephemeridis Augustinianum 3o (Rome:
Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, 1989) [Summary of contents, Geerard, CPG, p. 2571; J. M. Hanssens, "Hippolyte de Rome fut-il novatianiste? Essai d'une biographie," AHP3 (1965): 7-29;
A Amore, "La personaliti dello Scrittore Ippolito," Antonianum 36 (1961): 3—28;
ST. JEROME
P. de Lanversin, "Une belle 'dispute." Hippolyt estil d'Occident ou d'Orient?" PrOrChr6 (1056): 118—22; G. Kretschmar, "Bibliographie zu Hippolyt von Rom," JLH 1 (1955):
90-95-
LXII. ALEXANDER THE BISHOP
=S HEN ALEXANDER, BISHOP of Cappadocia,! went to M| Jerusalem because of a wish to visit the holy places, and a».& )| when Narcissus, bishop of the same city,? already a very old man, was ruling the church, there was an apparition® to Narcissus and to many of his clergy that on the morning of the next day a bishop would enter, who should become a coadjutor of the bishop's chair.
2. And so, when the facts turned out just as predicted, with all the bishops of Palestine assembled together, and with Narcissus in particular giving the fullest assent, Alexander jointly undertook with him the government of the church of Jerusalem.*
3. At the end of a letter which he wrote To the Antinoites?® he spoke as follows about the peace of the church:®
"Narcissus salutes you, he who before me occupied the episcopal see, and continues to rule the same with me by his prayers. He is around one hundred and sixteen years old and prays that you are of one and the same mind with me."
4. He also wrote another letter, To the Antiochenes," by the hand of Clement, a priest of Alexandria, about whom we have spoken earlier,® and another letter, 7o Origen,® and one in defense of Origen Against Demetrius,® because according to the testimony of Demetrius, he had ordained Origen as a priest.
And there are other letters!! of his addressed to different persons.
5. In the seventh persecution under Decius,'2 however, at the time when Baby12513 suffered martyrdom in Antioch, he was conducted to Caesarea, incarcerated, and crowned with martyrdom for confessing Christ.!
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
NOTES 1. Eus., h.e 6.8.7;6.11; 6.13.3; 6.14.8; 6.19.16-18; 6.20; 6.27—28; 6.39.
2. For Narcissus of Jerusalem, see CPG 1340; EECh 2, 582, M. Spinelli; h.e 5.12.1-2; 5.23.3; 6.8.7; 6.0-11.
3. On the apparition, see h.e. 6.11.1, 4. he 6.11.1-3.
5. h.e. 6.11.3.
6. h.e. 6.11.4.
7. he 6.11.5.
8. DVI 38.
9. h.e. 6.14.8.
10. h.e. 6.19.17.
11. Available to Origen "in the library at Aelia, equipped by Alexander, then ruling the church there," according to h.e. 6.20.1.
12. h.e. 6.39.1.
13. h.e. 6.29.4; 6.39.4.
14. h.e. 6.39.2,3: €M THig elpkThis kownbévtos; h.e 7.12 reports the death of an Alexander in Caesarea during the persecution of Valerian.
REFERENCES
DHGE ¢, 147879,
] -P. Kirsch — EEC 12, 3o, E. Ferguson — EECh 1, 21, H.
Crouzel
LXIII. JULIUS THE AFRICAN
lULIUS AFRICANUS,! whose Chronicles in five volumes?
are extant, in the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, the successor of Macrinus,® undertook an embassy for the restoration of the city of Emmaus, which was later called Nicopolis.* 2. A letter, To Origen on the Question of Susannd® is his, in which he says that this narrative is not found in the Hebrew text and that the expression w6 Tod wpivov mpioar kal dwd Tob oxivov oxioa® does not agree with the Hebrew etymology. Origen wrote a learned letter in reply to him."
3. Another epistle of his, 7o Aristides, survives,® in which he discusses at length the apparent discrepancy, diadwviq,® between the genealogies of the Lord in Matthew and Luke.!°
ST. JEROME
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e 1.9; 6.31. Background studies include the following: F. C. R.
Thee, Julius Africanus and the Early Christian View of Magic (Tubingen, 1984); E. Dal Covola, "La politica religiosa di Alessandro Severo. Par una valutazione dei rapporti tral'ultimo dei Severi e il Cristiani," Salesianum 49
(1987): 359-752. Xpovoypapiar, Chronicles, 1-5: CPG 1690; h.e. 6.31.2; H. Gelzer, Sextus
Julius Africanus und die byzantinische Chronographie (Leipzig, 1880-88; reprint, 1978).
8. Marcus Aurelius, 161-180.
4. Emmaus/Nicopolis in southern Judea: Eus., Chron., A.D. 221.
5. To Origen, On Susanna: CPG 16gg2; text: SC 302, 514—73. The episode concerning Susanna is Dn 13.1-6g in the deuterocanonical Scriptures. See
EECh g, 801, art., "Susanna," G. Ladocsi. For the extensive collection of Origen's letters made by Eusebius (h.e 6.36.3), see CPG 1490-1496.
6. For the Hebrew/Greek problem, see SC 302, 516-17.
7. CPG 1494; SC 302, 471ff.
8. CPG 1693; Eus., h.e 6.31.3, 1.7.1. Aristides was a friend of Origen who shared his interest in genealogies; see FOTC g4, 115 n. 2. There is no mention by Jerome of Julius's Kestoi (CPG 1691), though Eusebius has it
(h.e. 6.31.1). See J. R. Vieillefond, Les Cestes (Florence and Paris, 1970); H.
Chantraine, "Der metrologische Traktat des Sextus Iulius Africanus, seine Zugehorigkeit zu den keoTol und seine Authentizitit," Hermes 105 (1977):
422—41.
9. Used elsewhere by Jerome.
10. h.e. 6.31.3,
REFERENCES
Q 2, 13740 — D, 191-92 — CPG 1, 16901695 — TLG 2956 — EEC 12,
644-45, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 460, M. Simonetti — LThK 13, 194, M.
Durst — TRE 1, 635—40
LXIV. GEMINUS THE PRESBYTER
5 EMINUS,
A PRIEST of the church of Antioch,! composed a few monuments to his genius, living in the reign of the emperor Alexander? with Zebennus, bishop of the city,® at the precise time when Heraclas* was ordained bishop of the church of Alexandria.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
NOTES 1. G. Ladocsi, EECh 1, 840, states, "[Geminus] has left us very litte evidence of his genius."
2. Eus., h.e. 6.28.1, tells us that Alexander (Severus) reigned for 13 years [ie., untl 235].
8. Zebennus succeeded Philetus (h.e. 6.23.3) and was succeeded by Babylas (h.e. 6.29.4).
4. h.e. 6.26. Heraclas, who succeeded Demetrius, is called "our blessed pope" by Dionysius of Alexandria (h.e. 7.7.4). See Chren., A.D. 231, ed.
Helm, 215.
REFERENCES
EECh 1, 340, G. Ladocsi
LXV. THEODORUS, SURNAMED GREGORY,
THE BISHOP
HEODORUS,
LATER CALLED Gregory,! bishop of Neocaesarea, in Pontus,? while still in his youth went along with his brother Athenodorus from Cappadocia to Berytus and from there to Caesarea in Palestine in order to study Greek and Latin literature.?
2. When Origen saw their outstanding ability he exhorted them to study philosophy,* into which, little by little, he introduced the Christian faith, and made them believers. Having pursued their studies in this way for five years, they were sent back by him to their mother.
3. One of them, Theodore, when departing, wrote a Pane gyric® in thanksgiving to Origen, which he recited before a distinguished assembly, including Origen himself, and which survives down to the present day.
4. He also wrote an Exposttion of Ecclesiastes," brief but extremely useful, and other letters of his are widely known,® but especially the signs and miracles which as a bishop he performed with great glory of the churches.
ST. JEROME
NOTES 1. Eus., ke 6.30.1.
2. h.e.77.14.1; 7.28.1.
8. h.e. 6.30.1.
4. h.e. 6.30.1.
5. h.e 6.30.1.
6. CPG 14763; P. Guyot and R. Klein, Gregorius Thaumaturgus, Oratio prosphonetica ac panegyrica in Origenem, Fontes Christiani 24 (Freiburg and New
York: Herder, 1996); St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Address of Tharksgiving to Origen, trans. Michael Slusser, FOTC 98, 91-126.
7. CPG 1%766; Meaphrase on the Ecclesiastes of Solomom, trans. Slusser, FOTC g8, 12/7—46.
8. Other works: Canonical Epistle, To Theopompus, On the Impassibility and Passibility of God, and To Philagrius [Evagrius], on Consubstantiality, trans.
Slusser, FOTC 98, 147-51, 152—73, and 17478, respectively.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 12328 — EEC
1%, 499500, F. W. Norris — EECh
1, 202, A.
Quacquarelli — LThK 4%, 102%—29, H. Crouzel — RAC 12, 77993, H Crouzel — P. Nautin, Origéng 183f.
LXVI. CORNELIUS THE BISHOP
TZeo»] ORNELIUS, BISHOP OF THE CITY OF ROME,! to
whom Cyprian directed eight letters stll in existence,?
3| wrote a letter 7o Fabius, bishop of the church of Antioch, [also] On the Synod of Rome, Italy, and Africa,® another one On Novatian and on Those Who Lapsed, a third, On the Acts of the synod, a fourth, To the same Fabius, very lengthy, and including the causes and the condemnation of the heresy of Novatian.
2. He ruled the church for two years during the reign of Gallus and Volusianus,* and he was crowned with martyrdom for Christ. He was succeeded by Lucius.®
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
NOTES 1. Eus., ke 6.39.1; Chron., A.D. 252. Cornelius was bishop of Rome, 251-253.
52. ggly two survive: gpp. 59 (trans. Clarke, ACW 46, 68-88, and notes, 233—264) and 60 (Clarke, op.cit., 88-92, and notes, 265—71).
8. "To Fabius .
. On the Synod': see h.e. 6.43.3.
4. Trebonius Gallus (251—253) and his son Volusianus.
5. Lucius, June 2§, 253, through March 5, 254. See h.e. 7.2.1; LThK 6°, 1085, G. Schwaiger.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 236-37 — DHGE 13, 891—94, G. Bardy — EEC 1%, 294, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 202, B. Studer — CPG 1850-51 — LThK 2% 1313-14, G.
Schwaiger — Gamble, Books, 218f.
LXVII. CYPRIAN THE BISHOP
YPRIAN,! A NATIVE OF AFRICA, at first taught rheto- !l ric with distinction,? then, on the advice of Caecilius, a ) priest who gave him his surname,® he became a Christian, gave over all his goods for the poor, and not long afterwards, having been attracted to the priesthood, was elected bishop of Carthage.* 2. It is superfluous to compile an index of his scholarly output since his works are more illustrious than the sun.®
3. He endured martyrdom during the eighth persecution in the reign of the emperors Valerian and Gallienus,® on the same day, but not in the same year, as Cornelius at Rome."
NOTES 1. Eus., h.e. 6.43.3; 7.3. Cyprian was bishop, 247/248-258.
2. Cf. Lactantius: "[Cyprian] had acquired great glory for himself in the profession of the art of oratory ... he had an ability in speaking, easy, fluent, pleasant .
. you cannot distinguish whether he was more ornate in eloquence, or more successful in explanation, or more powerful in persuasion," from Inst. div. 5.1, probably Jerome's source here. Trans. is that of Sister Mary Francis McDonald, FOTC 49, 329.
ST. JEROME
§. Caecilius: DHGE 11, 130, A. Audollent.
4. M. Bévenot, "Cyprian's platform in the rebaptism controversy," HeyJ 19 (1978): 123—42.
5. "superfluum est indicem texere": an odd statement from a bibliographer, but perhaps understandable in this case because of Pontius's list of publications available in the Vita Cypriani; cf. infra, DVI 68. Jerome singles out for praise Cyprian's Qued idola dii non sintin ¢h. 7o (CSEL g4, 707):
"qua brevitate, qua historiarum omnium scientia, quo verborum et sensuum splendore perstrinxit!" And in ¢p. 58 (CSEL 54, 589): "beatus Cyprianus instar fontis purissimi dulds incedit et placidus et, cum totus sit in exhortatione virtutum, occupatus persecutionis angustiis scripturas divinas nequaquam disseruit." For his works, see Appendix 8. See also C. H. Turner, "Two early lists of Cyprian's works," CR6 (1892): 205—0; V. Saxer, Sants anciens d'Afrique du Nond (Vatican City, 1979).
6. Valerian, 253—260. On Valerian's persecution, cf. Eus., k.. 4.12, and on Gallienus (260—268), h.e. 7.18.1. See Ch. Saumagne, Saint C};Irnen évéque de Carthage, "bape" d'Afrique (248-258). Contribution
& Uétude des "persécutions" de Déce &t de Valérien (Paris, 1975).
1. Cornelius died in June 253. For Cyprian's death on Sept. 14, 258, cf.
Eus., Chron., A.D. 2)7; LThK 2°, 1366; Kelly, ODP, go.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 34083 — Dr, 133—39 — CPL 38-51 — DHGE 13, 114960, G. Bardy — EEC 1% g06-8, R. D. Sider — EECh 1, 211-12, V. Saxer — LThK 2°,
1364-66, G. W. Clarke — RAC g, 46366, A. Stuiber —TRE 8, 246-54, M Bévenot — Wickert, Gestalten 1 (1984), 14875 — Dihle, Gresk and Latin,
88489 For bibliography, see BBKL 1 (1975), 11%78-83; for ongoing bibliography, updated annually, Chronica Cyprianes, REAug 32 (1986) on.
For opera omnia, see G. Hartel, ed., CSEL 3/1-3 (1868—71); R. Weber, M. Bévenot, M. Simonetti, and C. Moreschini, edd., CCL 3-3A (1g72-76);
Ad Donatum, De bono patientiae, J. Molager, ed., SC 291 (1982); Via, Ch.
Mohrmann, A. A. R. Bastiaensen, and L. Canali, edd., ViSa 3 (1975): 1—49.
For studies, see St. Cavallotto, "Il magistero episcopale di Cipriano di Cartagine. Aspetti metodologid," DT g1 (1988): 375—407; P. Bouet, Ph.
Fleury, A. Goulon, M. Zuinghedau, and P. Dufraigne, Cyprien, Trastés. Concordance
— Documentation lexicale ¢ grammaticale, 2 vols. (New York, 1986); J.
A. Fischer, "Die Konzilien zu Karthago und Rom im Jahr 2y51," AHC 11 {1979): 263-86; M. Bévenot, "Cyprian's platform in the rebaptism controversy," Heyf 19 (1978): 123—42; Kotting, "Die Stellung des Konfessors in der Alten Kirche,"
JAC 19 (1976): 7—23; M. Sage, Cyprien, PatMS 1 (1975); M. A. Fahey, Cyprian and the Bible: a Study in Third-Century Exegesis, BGBH g
{1971); V. Saxer, Vie isurgique & quotidienne & Carthage vers le milieu du ITle sizde. Le témoignage de saint Cyprien & de ses contemporains d'Afrique, Studi di anti-
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
chiti cristiana 29 (1969); G. S. M. Walker, The Churchmanship of St. Cyprian, ESH g (1968); H. Koch, Gyprianische Untersuchungen, AKG 4 (1926); A. d'Alés, La théologie de saint Cyprien, BTH (1922); A. von Harnack, Das Leben
Cyprians von Pontius, die erste christliche Biographie, TU 39/3 (1913); . Ernst,
"Papst Stephan I. und der Ketzertaufstreit," FChLDG 5/4 (1goy); P. Monceaux, Histoire listéraire de I'Afrique chrdienne deputs les origines jusqu'a linvaston arabe, II: Saint Cyprien & son temps (Paris, 19o2); E. W. Benson, Gyprian,
His Life, His Times, His Work (London, 1897).
The text of De lapsis appears in OECT (1971), 1-45, ed. M. Bévenot.
For studies, see V. Fattorini and G. Picenardi, "La riconciliazione in Cipriano di Cartagine (gb. 55) e Ambrogio di Milano (De paenitentia)," AugR 27
(1087): 34747—406; M. Bévenot, "The Sacrament of Penance and St. Cyprian's De Lapsis," TS 16 (1958): 175—218; B. Poschmann, "Paenitentia secunda. Die kirchliche BuBe im altesten Christentum bis Cyprian und Origenes," Theoph.
1 {1940): 368—424.
The text of De Ecclesiae Unitate appears in OECT (1971), §6—99, ed. M.
Bévenot. For studies, see H. Montgomery, "Subordination or Collegiality?
St. Cyprian and the Roman See," Greek and Latin Studies in Memory of Caius Fabricius, ed. S.-T. Teodorsson, SGLG 54 (19g0), 41-54; P. Hinchcliff, Cyprian of Carthage and the Unity of the Catholic Church (London, 1974);
U. Wickert, "Sacramentum unsiaiis." Ein Beitrag zum Versidndnis der Kirche bei Cyprian, BZNW 41 (1971); L. Campeau, "Le texte de la Primauté dans le De
Catholicae Ecclesiae Un#tate de S. Cyprien," ScEc 19 (1967): 81-110, 255-75; M. Bévenot, "St. Cyprian's De Unitate chap. 4 in the Light of the Manuscripts," AnGr 11 (1937) [= London, 1938]; O. Perler, "Zur Datierung der beiden Fassungen des vierten Kapitels De Unitate Ecclesiae" RQ
44 (1936):
1-44; O. Perler, "De catholicae ecclesiae Unitate cap. 4—5. Die urspriunglichen Texte, ihre Uberlieferung, ihre Datierung," RQ 44 (1936): 151-68; B.
Poschmann, "Ecclesia Principalis." Ein kritischer Beitrag zur Frage des Primais bei Cyprian (Berlin, 1983); H. Koch, "Cathedra Peri." Neue Untarsuchungen siber die Anfinge der Primaislehre," BZNW 11 (1930);
J. Ernst, Cyprian und das Papstium (Mainz, 1912); H. Koch, Cyprian und der rimische Primat. Eine kirchenund dogmengeschichtliche Studie, TU 85/1 (1910).
For studies of the letters of Cyprian, see R. Seagraves, "Pascentes cum disciplina."
A Lexical Study of the Clergy in the Cyprianic Correspondence, Paradosis 37 (1993); H. Gulzow, Cyprian und Noevatian. Der Briefwechsel zwischen den
Gemeinden in Rom und Karthage zur Zat der Verfolgung des Kaisers Decius, BHTh 48 (1975); L. Duquenne, Chronologie des lettres de S. Cyprien. Le dossier de la persécution de Déce, SHG 54 (1072).
ST. JEROME
LXVIII. PONTIUS THE DEACON
5 ONTIUS, DEACON of Cyprian, endured exile with him il up to the day of his death,! and left an important volume, On the Life and Passion of Cyprian.?
NOTES 1. Exiled in 257 to Curubis (Korfa) in Tunisia, Cyprian died by beheading on September 14, 258.
2. Vita Cypriani auciore Pontio Digcono, the first Christian biography; see CPL 52; M. Pellegrino, Vita ¢ Morte, Verba Seniorum 3 (Alba, 1955); Ch.
Mohrmann, A. A. R. Bastiaensen, and L. Canali, edd., ViSa g (1975): 1—40; for English trans., see ANF 5, 267-74, and FOTC 15, 3-24, trans. M. M.
Miiller and R. J. Deferrari. Studies of the Vitainclude J. Aronen, "Indebtedness to Passio Perpetuaein Pontius' Vita Cypriani," VigChr 38 (1984): 67—76;
G. Lomiento, "La Bibbia nella compositio della Vita Cypriani di Ponzio,"
VetChr 5 (1968): 23-60.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 340-41, 345—46, 349 — CPL 52 — EECh 2, 02, V. Saxer — LThK 8, 616, S. Martin
LXIX. DIONYSIUS THE BISHOP
g IONYSIUS, bishop of the city of Alexandria,' as a presJj| byter directed the school of catechetics, KaTnxfoewy,? d| at the time of Heraclas,® and was a most distinguished student of Origen.* 2. In agreement with the teaching of Cyprian and of the synod of Africa on baptizing heretics,® he sent to various recipients numerous letters, which survive down to the present day.
3. In particular, he wrote To Fabius, bishop of the church of Antoch, On Penance;®
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
and 7o the Romans through Hippolytus another letter;'
To Xystus, who had succeeded Stephen, two letters;® two letters To Philemon and To Dionysius,® priests of the church
-of Rome; also To the same Dionysius,1® afterwards bishop of Rome; and To Novatian,'' who had argued that he had been ordained bishop of Rome against his will, the beginning of which letter was as follows:
4. "Dionysius, to his brother, Novatian, greetings. If, as you say, you were ordained against your will, you will prove it when you leave of your own free will."12
B. There is another letter of his To Dionysius and To Didymus,™ and numerous Festal Letters [ EoptacTikai] on the Pasch,'* written in a declamatory style; also T the Church of Alexandria®® from exile; and To Hierax, a bishop in Egypt;1® and another, On Mortality,"" and On the Sabbath,'® and ITept yvpuvaoiov, Concerning Exercise;"® also To Hermammon* another, On the Persecution of Decius* and two books, Against Bishop Nepos,?? who had in his writings proposed a bodily life of a thousand years,?® in which books he also discoursed on the Apocalypse of John* with great diligence;
6. also, Against Sabellius,® and To Ammon, bishop of Bernice;? and To Telesphorus? and To Euphranor;® and four books To Dionysius, bishop of the city of Rome;®
To the Laodicaeans, On Penance® also To Conon, On Penance® To Origen, On Martyrdom,* To the Armenians, On Penance and On the Succession of Faults,®
To Temothy, On Nature® To Euphranor, On Temptations*
ST. JEROME
also numerous letters To Basikdes,®® in one of which he states that he has begun work on Commentaries on Ecclesiastes.®
Furthermore, an important letter is also attributed to him, Against Paul of Samosata,® written a few days before he died.
%7. He died in the twelfth year of the reign of Gallienus.* NOTES 1. Dionysius of Alexandria (fl. 247-264); see Eus., h.¢. 6.29.4; 6.44.1-6;
M. Sordi, "Dionigi d'Alessandria, Commodiano ed alcuni problemi della storia del III secolo," Rendiconti della Pont. Accademia di Archeologia 35
(1962-63): 123—46; for exhaustive coverage cf. W. A. Bienert, Dionystus von Alexandrien. Das erhaliene Werk, BGL 2 (Stuttgart, 1972), and idem, Dionysius von Alexandrien. Zur Frage des Origenismus im dyitten Jahrhundert, PTS 21
(Berlin and New York, 19478). For a collection of texts, see AIONYZIOY AEIVANA. The Letters and Other Remains of Dionysius of Alexandria, ed. C. L.
Feltoe (Cambridge, England, 1904); for an Eng. trans., see S¢. Dionysius of Alexandria. Letters and Treatises, trans. C. L. Feltoe (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1918).
2. He succeeded Heraclas as head of the catechetical school in 231-232 and as bishop in 24'7-248.
8. DHGE 23 (1990), art., "Heraclas," 1302—g, H. Crouzel.
4. h.e.6.20.4.
5. "In agreement with .
. . Cyprian" was not true always; see h.e. 7.7.4-5.
On the doctrine on baptizing heretics of Cyprian and the synod of Africa, see M. Bévenot, "Cyprian's Platform in the Rebaptism Controversy," Heyf
19 (1978): 128—42; J. A. Fischer, "Die Konzilien zu Karthago und Rom im Jahr 251," AHC 11 (1979): 263-86; St. Cavallotto, "Il magistero episcopale di Cipriano di Cartagine. Aspetti metodologici," DT'91 (1988): 375—407;
Burns, "On Rebaptism:
Social Organization in the Third-Century Church," JECS 1, 4 (1993): §67-403.
6. CPG 1}5,0; see account and long excerptin h.e. 6.44.1-6; trans, Feltoe (1918), 3543.
1. h.¢. 6.46.5; Hippolytus presumably is a letter-carrier:
8. CPG 1556 for Epistula ad Xistum (Sixtum II) Romanum (fragmenta); for Greek frag., see Eus., h.e. 7.5.3—6 and CPG 1550: Epistula ad Xistum (Sixtum
II) Romanum.
9. Epistula ad Philemonem: CPG 15 5'7; frag. in h.e. 7.7.1; Epistula ad Dionystum: CPG 1558; h.e. 7.7.6-8.
10. Cf. h.e.77.26.1.
11. CPG 1552; frag. in h.e. 6.45; trans. Feltoe (1918), yo-51; Bienert,
BGL 2, 36.
12. Quotation in h.e. 6.45.1.
13. CPG 1563; h.e. 7.20.1: To Dometius (not Dionysius) and To Didymus.
14. CPG 1563-66; see Y. Tissot, "Le rapt de Denys d'Alexandrie et la chronologie de ses lettres festales," RHPR 77 (1997): §1-65.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
15. h.e. 7.21.1; trans. Feltoe (1918), 70.
16. CPG 1566 and h.e. 7.21.2-10; a festal letter, with long and vivid description of the travails in Alexandria.
17. Cf. h.e.6.46.4.
18. h.e. 7.22.11. Feltoe (1904}, 253f., thinks it may have been addressed to one Aphrodisius, 19. CPG 1506; h.e. 7.22.11; ed. Feltoe (1904), 256.
20. CPG 1564; h.e. 7.1.10; 7.22.12; trans. Feltoe (1918), 65.
21. Cf. h.e. 6.30; 7.22.12.
22. For Nepos see h.e. 7.24.1.
28. On the earthly millennium, cf. h.e. 7.24.1 and 3.§9.11:
24. On the Apocalypse of John, cf. h.e. 7.24.2-5.
2y. Cf. h.e. 7.26.1. At an early stage Jerome himself lamented, "I am accused of the Sabellian heresy for proclaiming with unwearied voice that there are three subsistent persons, true, undiminished, and perfect" (ep.
1%.2, trans. C. C. Mierow, ACW 33, 76), and wrote in 376 (¢p. 15, ACW 33, #70—73, and 209-212) to Pope Damasus for doctrinal clarification; cf. T. C.
Lawler, "Jerome's First Letter to Damasus," in Kyrakon, FS ]J. Quasten, 548-52.
26. h.e. 7.26.1. This is not separate from Agaénst Sabellsus.
27. h.e. 7.26.1; not separate from Againsi Sabellius.
28. CPG 1598; h.e. 7.26.1; not separate from Against Sabellius.
29. h.e 7.26.1; not separate from Against Sabellsus.
80. h.e. 6.46.2.
31. h.e. 6.46.2; CPG 1561 has Epistulz ad Colonem (Cononem?).
32. h.e. 6.46.2.
83. CPG 1604, 1612; h.e. 6.46.2.
84. CPG 1546; h.e. 4.26.2. Fragments in Eus., Pragh. evang. 7.19, and in Athanasius, De sententits Dion. gb. Alex. It combats Epicurean atomism. Timothy was his son.
85. h.e.7.26.8.
86. CPG 1560; h.e. 7.26.3; Cantalamessa, Easter, 60-61, 158-59.
87. CPG 1584; h.c. 7.26.3; ed. Feltoe (1904), 208-27.
388. CPG 1708; Bienert, PTS 21, 65f. For Paul of Samosata, cf. Dr, 17778, as well as h.e. 7.27.1 and %7.30.18-19.
89. = h.e. 7.28.3. On the reign of Gallienus, cf. Eus., Chron., A.D. 269; Eus., h.e.7.28.3; 7.18; 7.10.1; 7.22.12.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 101-9 — Dr, 144 — DHGE 14, 248-53 — DSp 8, 243—44 — EEC 1, 333-34. E. Ferguson — EECh 1%, 238, P. Nautin — LThK 3, 401, P-Th.
Camelot — LThK 3%, 241-42, W. A. Bienert — NCE 4, 87674, E. G. Ryan
— TRE 8, #6771,
W. A. Bienert — ANRWI, 23, 1, 387—459, C. Andresen — Dihle, Gregk and Latin, 381 — Nautin, Laires, 143-65 — S. Leanza, Or pheus 6 (1985): 15661
ST. JEROME
LXX. NOVATIAN THE HERESIARCH
OVATIAN, A PRIEST of the city of Rome,! having attempted to seize the episcopal see of Cornelius,? established the teachings of the Novatans, who in Greek are called Kabapdv, or the "pure ones,"® being unwilling to accept the apostates as penitents.? His champion was Novatus, one of Cyprian's priests.'
2. He wrote On the Passover, On the Sabbath, On Circumcision, On the Priesthood, On Prayer, On Foods of the Jews,® On Zeal, On Attalus, and many other works' and a large volume, On the Trinity,® making a sort of émTopny of the work of Tertullian, which many through ignorance regard as a work of Cyprian.®
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e. 6.43.1. In general the Greeks call him Novatus; in the West he is Novatian.
2. Surprisingly Jerome does not include here the episode of Novatian's illicit ordination as a bishop, provided by Eusebius, and detailed in the juicy letter from Cornelius to Fabius of Antioch, in h.e 6.43.5—22 (mentoned in DVI66.1).
3. KaBapol : h.e. 6.43.1.
4. On the penance question cf. Eus., h.e. 6.43.2.
5. On Novatus cf. EECh 2, 605, E. Romero Pose.
6. On Jewish Foods, De cibis iudaicis: CPL 68; FOTC 67, 13%7-56.
7. Including perhaps his Laters, a copy of which Jerome had requested from Paul of Concordia (¢p. 10), explaining, "so that, as we become acquainted with the poisons of the schismatic we may the more gladly drink of the antidote of the holy martyr Cyprian" (trans. Mierow, ACW 33,
51-52). See Q 2, 213, 226.
8. On the Trinaty: his most famous work. See CPL 71. Text appears in CCL 4, 1178, ed. Diercks; in Novaciano. La Trinidad, ed. with intro., trans., and comm. by C. Granado, Fuentes patristicas 8 (Madrid, 1996); and in Nova-
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
tianus. De Trinitate, Text und ["fbersaz.ung, ed. and trans. H. Weyer (Diisseldorf, 1g62). For an example of Novatian's dependence on Theophilus of Antioch (on whom Tertullian was also dependent), cf. R. M. Grant, Grezk
Apologists, 188—go.
9. Jerome inserts this piece of bibliographical information in Adw.
Rufinum 2.19: "He passes to the celebrated martyr, Cyprian, and says that Termllian's book, entitled De Trinztate, is read under his name at Constantinople
. it is the book of Novatian" (trans. J. N. Hritzu, FOTC 53, 138; see n. g also).
REFERENCES
Q 2, 212-33 — Dr, 146 — CPL 68-%4 — Cath g, 1483~-36, P-Th. Camelot — DSp 11, 479-83. R. ]. De Simone — EEC 2?, 819-20, H. ]. Vogt — EECh
2, 603—4, H.-J. Vogt — EECh ¢, art., "Novatianists," 604, R. ]. De Simone — LThK 4, 1062—64, J. Quasten — LThK %°, 938-39, H. J. Vogt — TRE 24,
678-82, J. S. Alexander
LXXI. MALCHION THE PRESBYTER
] ALCHION, A MOST ELOQUENT PRIEST of the church of Antioch, a city in which he had taught rhetoric with great distinction,! held a disputation, with stenographers taking notes, against Paul of Samosata,? who as bishop of the church of Antioch had cultivated the teaching of Artemon.®
This dialog is extant to the present day.
2. In addition, another great epistle, written by him in the name of a synod, was addressed, To Dionyseus and Maximus,* bishops of Rome and of the church of Alexandria.
3. He lived in the reign of Claudius and Aurelian.® NOTES 1. Eus., h.e. 7.29.2.
2. h.e. 7.28.4; 7.20.2, quoted in Q 2, 140-141.
8. On Artemon cf. Q 2, 196, and k.. 5.28.1-5.
4. h.e. 7.30.1. Part of the letter is in h.e. 7.30.2—14.
5-A.D. 270; h.e. 7.28.4.
ST. JEROME
REFERENCES
Q 2, 140-42 — EECh 1, 518, A. De Nicola — LThK 6, 132526, B. Kotter — LThK 6%, 1237, T. Bohm
LXXII. ARCHELAUS THE BISHOP
== RCHELAUS,
BISHOP of Mesopotamia,! composed a work in Syriac concemning the debate which he had
¥ against Mani,? who came from Persia. This work, in a Greek translation,? is in the possession of many.
2. He was well known under the emperor Probus, who was the successor of Aurelian and Tacitus.* NOTES 1. He was bishop of Carcarr (Mesopotamia) in the second half of the third century.
2. On Mani, see EEC 2% 707—9, P. Perkins; LThK 6%, 1265-69, H. J.
Klimkeit; TRE 22, 25-45, A. Bohlig.
3. On Hegemonius, the real author of Acta Archelai: EECh 1, g71, J-M.
Sauget; M. Scopello, "Vérités et contre-vérités. La vie de Mani selon les Acta Archelas," Apocrypha 6 (1995): 203—34. Text in Hegemonius. Acta Archelas,
GCS 16, ed. C. H. Beeson. For citations from the Greek (not Syriac) original, see Epiphanius, Panarion, trans. F. Williams (Leiden and New York: E.
JBrill, 198%), 66, 67, 25-31; see also The Panarion of St. Epiphanias Bishop of Salamis: Selected Passages, ed. P. R. Amidon (Oxford, 1990), 232, 236;
Courcelle, LLW, 123.
4. Probus (2+76—282); Aurelian (270—2%5); Tacitus (275—276).
REFERENCES
Q 3, 35758 — CPG 2, 3570 — DHGE 3, 1542, P. de Labriolle — EECh 1, 71, E. Prinzivalli
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
LXXIII. ANATOLIUS THE BISHOP
NATOLIUS OF ALEXANDRIA, bishop of Laodicea in Syria,! lived in the reign of the emperors Probus and Carus.? He was a man of prodigious learning in arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic.®
2. We can understand the greatness of his talent from a volume which he composed, On the Pasch,* and from ten books, An Introduction to Arithmetic.®
NOTES 1. Eus,, h.e. 7.32.6—20, and Chron., A.D. 279.
2. h.e. 7.30.22. Probus (276—282) succeeded Aurelian (270—2%5); next reigned Carus (282-283).
3. "in ... rhetoric": h.e. 7.32.6; EECh 2, art.,, "Rhetoric," 735-36, A.
Quacquarelli.
4. he 7.32.13-109; cf. CPG 1620.
5. h.e. '7.32.20; cf. CPG 1621.
REFERENCES
CPG 1620 — EECh 1, 37, M. Simonetti — Dihle, Gregk and Latin, 402, 408,
LXXIV. VICTORINUS THE BISHOP
ICTORINUS, BISHOP of Poetovio,! did not know Latin as well as he did Greek;? as a result, his works, which are d| excellent in content, seem inferior in composition.®
2. His works are:
Commentaries On Genesis,* On Exodus, On Leviticus,
ST. JEROME
On Laiah, On Exekiel, On Habakkuk, On Ecclesiastes, On the Canticle of Canticles, On the Apocalypse of John,'
Against Heresies, and numerous others."
3. At the end he received the crown of martyrdom.® NOTES 1. Victorinus (+304) of Poetovio, or Pettau, the first exegete to write in Latin. See M. Dulaey, Viciorin de Podovio, premier exégéie latin (Paris, 1994).
Poetovio is present-day Ptyj on the Drava in Slovenia.
2. Quasten, Patrology, Vol. 2, 411, notes, "The fact that his Greek was better than his Latin does not necessarily imply that he was a Greek by birth, because of the wellknown mixture of languages in his native Pannonia."
8. Jerome has some good-natured remarks about him elsewhere: "Victorino martyri in libris suis, licet desit eruditio, tamen non deest eruditionis voluntas" (gp. 70.5, CSEL 54, 70%), and "Victorinus martyrio coronatus, quod intellegit, eloqui non potest" (ep. 58.10, CSEL 54, 539). Both remarks are quoted in Q 2, 411, and ACW 83, 218 n. 45. Jerome also mentions Victorinus in Against Helvidius 177, FOTC 53, 36-37.
4. CPL 82, listed among Dubia.
5The only work surviving from Jerome's list. See CPL 80; Q 2, 410-11; CSEL 49; PLS 1, 102-71; ANF 7, 344—60. For its chiliastic tenor, cf. M. Dulaey, "Jéréme, Victorin de Poetovio et le millénarisme," in Jéréme entre
I'Occsdent et I'Orient, ed.
Y. M. Duval, 83—08.
6. See Q 2, 2172, 412, for this work as Victorinus's Latin translation of an appendix added to Tertullian's De praescriptions; CSEL 447, 213—-26.
7. Multa alia must include De fabrica munds (CPL %79; CSEL 49, §-0; ANF 4, 84 1—43), surprisingly not mentioned here.
8. Most probably in the persecution of Diocletian in A.D. §04.
REFERENGES
Q 2, 411-13 — CPL 7g-84 — EEC 2%, 1160, M. P. McHugh — EECh 2, 867, C. Curti — LThK 6%, 138788, W. Geerlings — SC 428 (Paris, 19g7)
— Dihle, Grezk and Latin, 390
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
LXXV. PAMPHILUS THE PRESBYTER
JAMPHILUS,
A PRIEST,!
a close friend of Eusebius, il bishop of Caesarea,? was on fire with such love for the 4| sacred library? that he copied with his own hand the greatest part of the volumes of Origen* which are contained to this very day in the library of Caesarea.
2. But I have discovered, written by his own hand, twenty-five volumes of the Commentaries of Origen On the Twelve DProphets? which I embrace and hold on to with such joy that I believe
I am in possession of the riches of Croesus.
3. If it is a joy to possess one letter of a martyr, how much more to possess so many thousands of his which he seems to me to have signed by the traces of his blood!
4. He wrote, before Eusebius wrote, a Defense of Origen® and died at Caesarea in Palestine during the persecution of Maximinus.'
NOTES 1. Pamphilus was a disciple of Pierius in Alexandria; the latter was nicknamed "Origen Junior." See Q 2, 145, and DVI76.1.
2. Eusebius named himself Eusebius Pamphili, i.e., the spiritual son of Pamphilus, and wrote a biography of him, now lost; see
} 3, go9—10. Nothing survives of this "special work on him" by Eusebius; cf. Eus., A.e. 7.32.25, quoted in Q 2, 144—45.
8. bibliotheca: h.e. 6.32.3; H.Y. Gamble, Books, 155-50, 231.
4.Cf. he 6.32.3.
5. In duodecim prophetas: see Jerome, DVI 135.2.
6. Rufinus, Latin translation of Apelogy for Origen, PG 17, 541-616 (only Book 1); Jerome, Adv. Rufinum 3.12, FOTC 53, 176—79; E. Junod, "L'auteur de I' Apologie pour Origéne traduite par Rufin: les témoignages contradictoires de Rufin et de Jérdme 3 propos de Pamphile et d'Eusébe," FS H.
Crouzel (Paris, 1992), 165-79.
4. He was imprisoned and died as a martyr in the seventh year of the persecution of Diocletian, on February 16, g10. See h.e. 7.32.25 and 8.13.6.
ST. JEROME
REFERENCES
Q 2, 121, 14446 — Dr, 113 — Cath 10, 497-98, H. Crouzel — DSp 12,
150-53 — EEC 22, 859,
E. Ferguson — EECh 2, 638, H. Crouzel — Photius, Biblio., cod. 118, ed. R. Henry — P. Nautin, Origéne (Paris, 1977)
LXXVI. PIERIUS THE PRESBYTER
9 IERIUS, A PRIEST of the church of Alexandria,! in the reign of the emperors Carus and Diocletian,? at the same time when Theonas?® was bishop of Alexandria, instructed the faithful with great success and reached such a pitch of eloquence in different treatises of his which survive to the present day that he was called Origen Junior.*
2. It is well known that he was a practitioner of extreme asceticism and voluntary poverty and was most knowledgeable in the art of dialectic,' and after the persecution spent the rest of his life in Rome.® 8. There is in existence a very long tract of his, On the Prophet
Hosea," which was delivered on the vigil of the Pasch, as the text itself makes clear.® NOTES 1. Eus., h.e 7.32.26-27; L. B. Radford, Three Teachers of Alexandria: Theognostus, Pierius and Peter: A Study in the Early History of Origenism and Anti-Onigenism (Cambridge, 1908).
2. h.e. 7.30.22. Carus reigned, 282-283; Diocletian, 284—305.
8. h.e. 7.32.30. Theonas succeeded Dionysius, c. 281.
4. "Origen Junior": Q 2, 145.
5. h.e. 7.32.27.
6. Courcelle, LLW, 113, states, "He knows equally well Pierius [i.e., as Origen] .
. probably had in his possession the collection of Pierius' twelve Logoi that Photius stll read."
7. On the Prophet Hosea: cf. Jerome, ¢p. 48.3, CSEL 54, 348-49, where Jerome quotes Pierius. By tractatus Jerome here must mean a "sermon," one for the paschal vigil.
8. Jerome read it for his own Commentary: PL 25:819B; cf. Courcelle, LLW, 113 n. 176.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
REFERENCES
Q 2, 111-18 — Cath 11, 318, P-Th. Camelot — EEC 22, g20, F. W, Norris — EECh ¢, 687, C. Kannengiesser — LThK 8, 496, ]J. Quasten — NCE 11, 349, F. X. Murphy
LXXVII. LUCIAN THE PRESBYTER
AIUCIAN, A VERY GULTIVATED man, a priest of the church of Antioch,' so applied himself to the study of the Scriptures that down to this day some of the copies of the Scriptures are called after him.?
2. Works On Faith® are ascribed to him, and short epistles to various recipients.
8. For confessing Christ, he was put to death in Nicomedia during the persecution of Maximinus* and was buried at Helenopolis in Bithynia.
NOTES 1. Eus., h.e.9.6.3.
2. CPG 1423; B. M. Metzger, Chapters in the History of New Testament Textual Criticism (The Lucianic Recension of the Greek Bible), New Testament Tools and Studies 4 (Leiden, 1963), 1—41.
8. Cf. h.e. 8.13.2.
4. ke 8.13.2 and 9.6.3. For Maximinus Daia (g10-813), cf. h.e. .64 through 9.7.15.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 142-44 — D1, 197 — CPG 1720-1%723 — EEC 22, 69, F. W. Norris — EECh 1, 507, M. Simonetti — Dihle, Greek and Latin, 382 — G. Bandy,
Recherches sur Saint Lucien d'Antieche e son école (Paris, 1936)
ST. JEROME
LXXVIII. PHILEAS THE BISHOP
T HILEAS, FROM THE EGYPTIAN city called Thmuis,' a "3l man of noble family and not inconsiderable means, after becoming bishop, composed a most elegant book,
In Praise of Martyrs,? and, after a debate against the judge who compelled him to offer sacrifice,® he was beheaded for Christ by the same instigator of persecution in Egypt* as was Lucian in Nicomedia.® NOTES 1. Eus., k.e. 8.9.7-8; Thmuis, a town in lower Egypt.
2. CPG 1671; h.e. 8.10.2-10, a letter to the Thmuites.
3. h.e. 8.10.11-12;8.13.7.
4. He died c. 307. See The Acts of Phileas Bishop of Thmuis including Fragments of the Greek Psalter, P. Chester Beatty XV (With a New Edition of P.
Bodmer XX, and Halkin's Latin Acta), ed. with intro., trans., and comm. by A. Pietersma (Geneva, 1983).
5. For Lucian in Nicomedia, see h.e. 8.13.2.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 117 — CPG 1, 16711672 — EEC 22, 908, E. Ferguson — EECh 2, 680, V. Saxer — BHL 6799
LXXIX. ARNOBIUS THE RHETORICIAN
MRNOBIUS,!
IN THE REIGN of the emperor Diocle-
K tian,? taught rhetoric with great success in Sicca, Africa, 2l and wrote volumes Against the Pagans® which enjoy wide circulation.
NOTES 1. The first entry under A.D. 32 in Jerome's Continuation of Eusebius's Chronicle (ed. Helm, 231g), trans. Donalson, g9, reads: "Arnobius was con-
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
sidered a distinguished rhetorician from Africa. When he was in Sicca [in Africa] instructing young men in declamation he was converted to true belief by his dreams; a pagan up to then, he did not receive the faith, that which he had always fought against, from the bishop. He spent his nights composing the most authoritative books against his former religion. Finally he obtained the covenant through certain pledges of faith, as it were." M.
B. Simmons, Arnobius of Sicca: religious conflict (Oxford, 1995), takes this at face value, with interesting results.
2. Diocletian reigned, 284-305.
3. Adversus nationes: CPL gg. Text: C. Marchesi (Turin, 1953). Trans.: G.
E. McCracken, Arnobius of Sicca, The Case Against the Pagans, ACW 7-8 (Westminster, Maryland, 1949). See also G. Gierlich, Arnobius von Sicca. Kommentar zu den ersten beiden Bichern (Mainz, 1985); O. P. Nicholson, "The date of Arnobius' Adversus gentes," StudPat 15 (1984): 100-107; R. MacMullen,
Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 87 and 206. In the latter location, MacMullen characterizes Adv. nat. 2.10 as "dismissing all non-Christian religious thought as so much argy-bargy and quarrelous obfuscation" (n. 29).
REFERENCES
Q 2, 383—92 — CPL 93 — EEC 1%, 119-20, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1,82, P.
Siniscalco — LThK 1%, 1020, R. Kany — HLL 5, 365—75, A. Wlosok — R.
M. Grant, Greek Apologisis, 1903-04
LXXX. FIRMIANUS THE RHETORICIAN,
SURNAMED LACTANTIUS
g IRMIANUS, ALSO CALLED Lactantus,' a disciple of Armobius, summoned to Nicomedia under Diocletian, along with the grammarian Flavius,> whose verse compositions On Medicinal Matters are extant, taught rhetoric there; but because of the scarcity of pupils, in that it was a Greek city, he switched to writing.
2. We have surviving his Symposium,® which he wrote as a young man in Africa; an 'OdoumopLk6y, Travel Guide* from Africa to Nicomedia, composed in hexameters; another book entitled, The Grammarian®
ST. JEROME
another fine work, On the Anger of God? seven books, Divine Institutes against the Pagans," and an' Emroptjy, Epitoms® of the same work in a book dke- $dAw, without a heading; and Tb Asclepiades,'® two books; On Persecution,'® one book:
To Probus,!! four books of letters; T Severus,'2 two books of letters; To Demetrianus, his disciple, two books of letters;? and to the same, On the Workmanship of God, or On the Formation of Man,* one book.
3. In extreme old age he became the teacher in Gaul of Caesar Crispus, son of Constantine, who was later put to death by his father.'® NOTES 1. E. Heck, HLL 8, 5, 375—404. See also M. Perrin, "Jéréme lecteur de
Lactance," in féréme entre 'Occident et 1'Orient, ed. Duval, gg-114.
2. Nicomedia: in Bithynia, a district, later a2 Roman province on the northwest coast of Asia Minor. See R. MacMullen, Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997),
8587 and 20y nn. 28-25. On the appointments, see Jerome, Chron., A.D.
230; P. F. Beatrice, " 'Antistes philosophiae.' Ein christenfeindlicher Propagandist am Hofe Diocletians nach dem Zeugnis des Laktanz," AugR 33
(19938): 31-48. The grammaticus Flavius is identified in PL 23, 687, note q, as Fabius Flavius Clemens. Flavius is also mentioned in Jerome, Adv. Jovinianum 2.6.
8. Not extant.
4. O8oimopucds: W. Berschin, Greek Letters, 477, cites this entry as an example of Jerome ornamenting his Latin style with Greek elements.
5. Not extant.
6. De ira Dei: Q 2, 399; CPL 88, Text: CSEL 27, 65-132.
1. CPL 8g. Text: CSEL 19, 1—642. Trans. M. F. McDonald, FOTC 49.
8. Emropt: CPL 86. Text: CSEL 19, 673-761. See 1. Opelt, art., "Epitome," RAC 5 (1962): 944—72; A. Wlosok, "Lactance lecteur d'Amnobe dans
I'Epitome des Institutions?" REA go (1984): 36—41. In ¢p. 70.5 (CSEL g4, 707) we read: "Septem libros adversus gentes Arnobius edidit totidemque discipulus eius Lactantius, qui de ira quoque et de opificio dei duo volumina condidit; quos si legere volueris, dialogorum Ciceronis [var: in eis] émropny repperies." This judgment, no doubt, prompted Pico della Mirandola and the Humanists to dub him "the Christian Cicero." But despite the undoubted Ciceronian overtones, Jerome also thought him short on theol-
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
ogy, while being facile on rebuttal skills: "Lactantius, quasi quidam fluvius eloquentiae Tullianae, utinam tam nostra adfirmare potuisset, quam facile aliena destruxit" (¢p. 58.10, CSEL 54, 539). Ironically, Lactantius seems to have got in a pre-emptive strike against just such a criticism (and that, at the expense of Tertullian and Cyprianl): "Although Tertullian handled the same material fully in that book called The Apology; however, because it is one thing to make answer to accusers, which consists in defense or negation alone, and another to give instruction (which we are doing) which must contain the substance of all doctrine, I did not shrink from this task, so that I might complete the material which Cyprian did not reach in that work in which, as he himself says, he tries to refute Demetrianus' 'barking and roaring against' the truth" (Div. Inst. 5.4, FOTC 49, 337, trans. Sr. M. F.
McDonald, 33%).
9. Not extant. See Q 2, 405; HLL 8, 5, 401.
10. CPL g1; Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, ed. and trans. J. L.
Creed, OECT (Oxford, 1984).
11. CPL 89; CSEL 24, 135.
12. CPL 89; Herzog-Schmidt, HLL 8, g, 402.
13. CPL 89; CSEL 27, 156-57; HLL 8, 5, 402.
14. De opificio Dei: CPL 87.
15. Crispus: PLRE 1, 233; Barnes, C. and E., 220-21, 250; P. Guthrie, "The Execution of Crispus," Phoenix 20 (1966): 325-31. Under A.D. 328 the Chronicle reports, "Constantine killed his wife Fausta" (ed. Helm, 232a, trans. Donalson, 40).
REFERENCES
Q 2, 392—410 — Dr, 147-50 — CPL, 85—92 — Cath 6, 1581-83, P-Th.
Camelot — CW#6, 125—2%, R. D. Sider — DSp 9, 47-59, E. Lamirande — EEC 22, 660-61, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 46970, V. Loi — HLL s, 570,
A. Wlosok — LThK 6, #2628, J. Martin — LThK 63, 583-84, E. Heck — NCE 8, 308—9, J. Stevenson — TRE 20, 37074, A. Wlosok — Gestalien 1,
176-88, A. Wlosok — BBKL 4, 952-65 Texts: CSEL 19 and 2%
LXXXI. EUSEBIUS THE BISHOP
USEBIUS, BISHOP of Caesarea in Palestine,! extremely industrious in the study of the Sacred Scriptures,? and, with Pamphilus the martyr a diligent researcher of the
ST. JEROME
sacred library?® published numerous works, including the following:
2. Blayyekwijs dmodeifews, Demonstratio evangelica* twenty books; Evayyehucis mpomapackeviis, Praeparatio evangelica® fifteen books; ©codavelas, Theophany,® five books; Ecclesiastical History," ten books; Universal History of Chronological Tables,® and an' Emropt|, Epitome® of these;
On the Suagawviq, Discrepancies in the Gospels,™® ten books; On Isaiah! ten books; and Against Porphyry,'® who, as some think, was writing in Sicily at the same time," twenty-five books;
On Places (Tomkdv),'¢ one book:
'Amoloylas, An Apology for Origen,'® six books; three books, On the Life of Pamphilus,'® other writings, On the Martyrs;'" most learned Commentaries on the 150 Psalms*® and many other works.?
3. He lived mainly in the reign of Constantine the emperor and Constantius,?' and because of his friendship for Pamphilus the martyr was called Eusebius Pamphili.®
NOTES 1. For a recent overview see H. W. Attridge and G. Hata, edd., Eusebsus, Christiansty and fudaism (Leiden and Detroit, 1992).
2. On his exegetical works see Q 3, 334—40.
8. On Pamphilus and the library, see Eus., h.c. 6.32.3, 7.32.25, 8.13.6; also Gamble, Books, 155-50.
4.CPG 3487;Q
3, 331-32.
5. CPG 3486; Q 3, 329-31.
6. CPG 3488; Q 3, 332-33.
7. CPG 3495;
Q 8, 314-17.
8. CPG 3465.
9. Emiropt) : a common term in Jerome's list of Varro's works; see gb.
33.2, CSEL 54, 254.
10. "De Evangeliorum Siapwrlq [or Ilepi Siadwias 'EvayyeMwv], ten books" = Quaestiones & solutiones, CPG 3470;
Q 3, 3387; LThK g, art., "Ero-
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
tapokriseis," 1041, H. Hunger; A. E. Johnson, "Rhetorical Criticism in Eusebius's Gospel Questions," StudPat 18,
1 (Kalamazoo, 1986), 33-39; G.
Geraci, "L'utilizzazione dell'Antico Testamento nelle Quasstiones & Responsiones di Eusebio di Cesarea," AnSE, ser. 2 (1985): 251-55.
11. On Isaiah: fifteen (not ten) books, CPG 3468; Q 3, 338.
12.Q 3, 333.
13. See Eus., h.e 6.19.1.
14. Tomkdv = Onomastikon, a gazetteer of biblical sites, CPG 3466; Q 3, 336; D. Groh, "The Onomasticon of Eusebius and the Rise of Christian
Palestine," StudPat 18, 1 (Kalamazoo, 1986), 23-31.
15. CPG 3476; Q 2, 145—46; Q 3, 340—41.
16. Not extant; cf. Q 2, 145—46.
17. CPG 3490;
Q 3, 317-19.
18. CPG 3467; Q 3, 337-38.
19. "many other works": See CPG 3469, 3475-3485, 3488, 3496—3503.
20. Constantine (306-337); Constantius (337-361).
21. See art., "Pamphilus," EECh 2, 638, H. Crouzel.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 309-345 — Dr, 188-197 — CPG 2, 34653507 — TLG 2018 — Cath 4, '702—7, G. Bardy — DHGE 18, 143%7-60, J. Moreau — DSp 4, 1687—go,
]. Rondeau and J. Kirchmyer — EEC 12, 3g99—402, R. Lyman — EECh 1, 299301, C. Curti — LThK g, 119597, H. Rahner — LThK 3% 1007—9, T.
D. Barnes — NCE 5, 633-36, J. Stevenson — RAC 6, 1052-88, J. Moreau — TRE 10, 537-43, D. S. Wallace-Hadrill — Gestalten 1, 224-35, G. Ruhbach — Gestalten 1, art., "Konstantin der Grosse," 18g—214, T. Schleich —
Dihle, Greck and Latin, 422-26, 4173—74
LXXXII. RETICIUS THE BISHOP
ETICIUS, BISHOP of the Aedui, or more precisely of ?
Autun,' was held in great esteem in Gaul in the reign of SR Constantine.?
2. His Commentaries on the Song of Songs are still read;? also another fine work, Against Novatian.*
Apart from these, I have found no other works of his.®
ST. JEROME
NOTES 1. Autun = Augustodunum: DHGE 5, 89697, 9o7; cf. J. Régnier, Les évéques d'Autun (1988), 6—9.
2. For Reticius's role of mediation in Donatist affairs, cf. Eus., h.c.
10.5.19, as well as Barnes, C. and E., 57 and 516 n. 136.
3. CPL 48; "still read": i.e., by Jerome himself; cf. g. 5.2, CSEL 54, 22, in which Jerome besought Florentinus to request of Rufinus "the commentaries of bishop Reticius of Autun to have them copied. In them he has discussed The Seng of Sengs in eloquent style" (ACW 33, 37, and 196 n. v).
When he finally acquired the commentarii he was less enthusiastic: "cum mihi in illis multo displiceant plura, quam placeant" (p. 347.4, CSEL 54,
288). Reticius was praised by Augustine in Contra fulianum Pelagianum 1.8.7, PL 44, 644, and Op. imperf. contra fulianum 1.55, PL 45, 1078.
4. CPL 4. Both works are now lost except for a fragment quoted in Peter Berengarius, Liber apologeticus pro Abelardo.
5. For a tearjerking account of his death and burial, cf. Gregory of Tours, Glery of the Confessors, trans. R. Van Dam (Liverpool, 1988), 77—78.
REFERENCES
CPL #7948 — Cath 12, n.s., 117475 — DSp 5, 789 — EECh 2, 733, V.
Saxer
— HLL 8, 5, 419
— LThK 8, 1258, ]. A. Fischer
LXXXIII. METHODIUS THE BISHOP
ETHODIUS, BISHOP of Olympus in Lycia,! and later of 'Tyre, in a limpid and elegant style composed works,
Against Porphyry® and The Symposium of the Ten Virgins® an important work, On the Resurrection® against Origen, and another against the same author, On the Pythoness® a work, On Freewill? also a Commentary on Genesis, one On the Song of Songs,® and many other works® which are read eagerly by a wide public.
2, Toward the end of the last persecution, or, as others assert, under Decius and Valerian, he received the crown of martyrdom in Chalcis in Greece.®
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
NOTES 1. See L. G. Patterson, Meahodius of Olympus. Divine Sovercignty, Human Fyeedom, and Life in Christ (Washington, D.C., 199%), esp. 6-8, 15-16.
2. Unfortunately lost; Q 2, 137; fragments in GCS 27, 509-519.
3. CPG 1810; Q 2, 130—33. Text: SC g5, ed. H. Musurillo and V-H. Debidour (Paris, 1963). Trans.: H. Musurillo, ACW 27 (1958). See also Patterson, 64—140.
4. On the Resurrection: also called Aglaophon, after one of the interlocutors; see CPG 1812; Patterson, 141-99.
5. Lost.
6. CPG 1811; Q 2, 133; Patterson, 31-63.
#. Lost.
8. Lost.
9. CPG 1810-1830; Patterson, 200—22%; see E. Prinzivalli, L'eseges: biblica di Metodio di Olimpo (Rome, 1985).
10. "martyrdom in Chalcis": in Euboia in 311, in the last persecution under Diocletian; Barnes, C. and E., 193, 195.
REFERENCES
Q 2, 129-37 — TLG 2959 — CPG 1810-1830 — Cath g, 46—48, P-Th.
Camelot — DSp 10, 1109-177, H. Musurillo — EEC 2%, 747—48, F. W. Norris — EECh 1, 557, C. Riggi — LThK %, 369, V. Buchheit — LThK %%, 202-3,
E. Prinzivalli — NCE 9, '742, H. Musurillo — Dihle, Greek and Latin, 382-84 — Buchbheit, Studien, TU 69 (Berlin, 1958)
LXXXIV. JUVENCUS THE PRESBYTER
UVENCUS, A SPANIARD! of very noble family, and a priest, translating into hexameter verse almost word for word the four Gospels,? published them in four volumes; also some other works in the same meter regarding the order of rites.
2. He lived in the reign of the emperor Constantine.
NOTES 1. See M. Flieger, Interpreiationen zum Bibeldichier Iuvencus (Stuttgart, 1993)- 2. Juvencus himself tells us this in Evangeliorum libri 7v 4.803-6, CSEL 24,
ST. JEROME
145—46. The work consists of §219 hexameters. See Eus., Chron., A.D. §20 (ed. Helm, 232d), trans. Donalson, 40: "The priest, Juvencus, a native of Spain, expounded the Gospels in epic poetry [i.e., Vergilian hexameter]"; also Jerome's gp. 70 ad Magnum (CSEL 54, 707-8): "Iuvencus presbyter sub
Constantino historiam domini salvatoris versibus explicavit nec pertimuit evangelii maiestatem sub metri leges mittere."
REFERENGES
Q 4, 26569 — CPL 1385 — Cath 6, 1345, P-Th. Camelot — DSp 8, 1651-52, M. C. Diaz y Diaz — EEC 1%, 653, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 466, I. Opelt
— HLL 8, 5, 331-36
— LThK 5, 1118, W. Rottger — NCE 8, 102, E. P. Colbert
LXXXV. EUSTATHIUS THE BISHOP
USTATHIUS, WHO CAME from Side in Pamphylia,! first ruled a church of Beroea in Syria,? and then that of Antioch,® and having composed many works against the teaching of the Arians,! was, in the reign of Constantine, driven into exile to Trajanopolis, in Thrace," where he remains buried down to the present day.
2. Works of his that survive are On the Soul® On the Wetch of Endor against 0rigen,7 and countless epistles, which it would take too long to list in detail, NOTES 1. Side, on the coast: OCD®, 1404.
2. On Beroea see DHGE 8, 887,88, R. Janin.
8. See Eus., Chron., A.D. 328 (ed. Helm, 282c), trans. Donalson, 40:
"twenty-third bishop of Antioch."
4R. P. C. Hanson, "The Source and Significance of the fourth Oratio contra Arianos attributed to Athanasius," VigChr
42 (1988): 257-68.
5. See Chron., A.D. 328, trans. Donalson, 40: "From the time he was driven into exile for his faith down to the present day, Arians have continued to control the church in Antioch"; also R. P. C. Hanson, "The fate of Eustathius of Antioch," ZKG g (1984): 171—49. For the cause of exile, see
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
Adv. Rufinum 3.42, where Jerome alludes to the stratagem of Eusebius of Nicomedia [cf. Theodoret, h.e §.20, PG 82, g66] to discredit Eustathius:
"These are the tricks of the heretics, that is to say, of your masters, to resort to reviling when convicted of perfidy. It was through such an invention that Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, found out about the sons of whom he had no knowledge" (trans. |. N. Hritzu, FOTC 53, 215 and n. 86).
6. De anima contra philosophos, CPG 3351.
1. De &yyaorppiby: CPG 3850. J. F. Dechow, "Origen's 'heresy.' From Eustathius to Epiphanius," Origeniana quaria (1087), 405-0; M. Spanneut,
"La Bible d'Eustathe d'Antioche," StudPat 4 [= TU 79 (Berlin, 1961)], 171-go.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 302-6 — Dr, 160, 16g—70 — CPG g3350-3390 — Cath 4, 715-16, G.
Bardy — DHGE 16, 13—23, M. Spanneut — DSp 4, 2, 1706-8, M. Spanneut — EEC 12, 403, R. A. Greer —EECh 1, gog, M. Simonetti — LThK g,
1202-8, A. van Roey — LThK 3%, 1014-1§, A. van Roey
— NCE 5, 638, M.
Spanneut — TRE g, 54346, R. Lorenz — Dihle, Gregk and Latin, 540
LXXXVI. MARCELLUS THE BISHOP
ARCELLUS, BISHOP OF ANCYRA,! lived in the reign of the emperors Constantine and Constantius,? and wrote many works on different subjects, and especially
Against the Arians.8
2. The books of Asterius* and Apollinaris against him are cited, accusing him of the heresy of Sabellius,' and Hilary also, in the seventh book of his Agaénst the Arians® mentions his name as that of a heretic.
3. However, he maintained that he did not hold the doctrine of which he was accused, but belonged to the community of Julius and Athanasius, bishops of the cities of Rome and Alexandria.'
NOTES 1. J. T. Lienhard, "Marcellus of Ancyra in Modern Research," TS 43 (1982): 486-508; idem, "Contra Marcellum": Marcellus of Ancyra and Fourth-
ST. JEROME
Century Theology (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1999).
2. Constantine (306-33%7); Constantius (337-361).
8. L. Barnard, "Marcellus of Ancyra and the Eusebians," GkOrthThR 25 (1980): 63—76; M. Simonetti, "Ancora su Homoousios a proposito di due recenti studi," VetChr 17 (1980): 85-98; idem, "Homoousians," and "Homoousios," EECh 1, 396; C. Luibhéid, Eusebius of Caesarea and the Arian Crisis (Dublin, 1981), s.v.: "The Polemic against Marcellus of Ancyra."
4. Asterius Sophista, Syntagmation, CPG 2817%.
5. J. T. Lienhard, "Basil of Caesarea, Marcellus of Ancyra, and 'Sabellius"": ChH 58 (1989): 15%7-67; idem, "Acacius of Caesarea: Contra Marcellum. Historical and Theological Considerations," CrSt 10 (1989): 1-21.
6. Hilary, On the Trinity, Book 74, trans. Stephen McKenna, FOTC 25 (1954), 223-71.
#. Julius, Bishop of Rome, 337-352; Athanasius lived, 2g95-373; see M.
Tetz, "Markellianer und Athanasios von Alexandrien. Die markellische Expositio fide: ad Athanasium des Diakons Eugenios von Ankyra," ZNW 64
(1973): 75-121; idem, "Zur Theologie des Markell von Ankyra, I-111," ZKG 75 (1964): 217-70; 79 (1968): 3—42; 83 (1972): 145-94; M. Simonetti,
"Su alcune opere attribuite di recente a Marcello d'Ancira," RSLR g (1973): 313—29; F. Dinsen, "Homoousios." Die Geschichte des Begriffs bis zum
Konzil von Konstantinopel (381) (Kiel, 1976); W. A. Bienert, "Das vornicaenische opooloios als Ausdruck der Rechtglaubigkeit," ZKG go (1979):
151-775; G. Feige, Die Lehre Markells von Ankyra in der Darstellung seiner Gegner, EThSt 58 (1991).
REFERENCES
Q 3, 197201 — Dr, 178-80 — CPG 2800-2806 — Cath 8, 403, P-Th.
Camelot — EEC 22, 713-14, R. Lyman — EECh 1, 522, C. Kannengiesser — LThK %, 45, O. Perler — LThK 6%, 1302—3, W. A. Lohr — NCE g, 1910,
V. C. De Clerq — TRE 22, 83-89, K. Seibt
LXXXVII. ATHANASIUS THE BISHOP
ST THANASIUS, BISHOP of the city of Alexandria,! havdation,® and again, after the death of Constans, he was put to
ing endured many sufferings as a result of the intrigues of the Arians,? sought refuge with Constans, the governor of Gaul, from where he returned with a letter of commen-
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
flight and stayed in hiding until the reign of Jovian, who restored him to his church;* and he died under Valens.®
2. Two books of his, Against the Pagans,® are known; and one, Against Valens and Ursacius; awork, On Virginaty," and many On the Persecutions of the Arians;
On the Titles of the Psalms; a history containing The Life of Antony the Monk? also 'EoptacTucal, Festal Letters;® and many other works which it would take too long to enumerate, NOTES 1. Chron., A.D. 380 (ed. Helm, 2g2f.), trans. Donalson, 40: "At Alexandria Athanasius was ordained as the nineteenth bishop." See also C. Kannengiesser, "The Athanasian Decade, 1974-1984. A Bibliographical Report," TS 46 (1985): 524—41; idem, "Bulletin de théologie patristique:
Athanase et son siécle," RechSR 74 (1986): 575-614; idem, Arius ond Athanastus (Variorum reprints, 1991).
2. Marlus Vinzent, Pseudo-Athanasius. Contra Arianos IV. Eine Schrift gegen Asterius von Kappadokien, Eusebius von Cédsarea, Markell von Ankyra und Photin von Sirmium, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 36 (Leiden: Brill, 1996).
8. Cf. Chron., A.D. 346, ed. Helm, 236e, trans. Donalson, 44.
A, Martin, Athanase d'Alexandrie & UEglise dEgypte au IVe sitde (328-373) (Rome and Paris, 1996).
5. Valens, 364-378.
6. CPG 20g0; see Athanasius, Contra Gentes, with intro., trans., and. comm. by E. P. Meijering, Philosophia Patrum % (Leiden: Brill, 1984); also
Athanastus.
"Contra Gentes" and 'De Incarnatione", ed. and trans., R. W.
Thomson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1g71).
7. CPG 2145.
8. CPG 2101.
g. CPG 2102.
REFERENCES
Q §, 2079 — Dr, 207-13 — CPG 20002309 — TLG 2085 — Cath 1, 97480, G. Bardy — DHGE 4, 1313—40, G. Bardy — DSp 1, 1047-52, G.
Bardy — EEC 12, 137—40, C. Kannengiesser — EECh 1, g3—95, G. C. Stead — LThK 1, g76-81, P-Th. Camelot — LThK 1%, 1126-30, C. Kannengiesser — NCE 1, gg6-99,
V. C. De Clerq — RAC 1, 860-66, G. Gentz — TRE 4, 333—49 — Dihle, Gresk and Latin, 409—12 — C. Kannengiesser, Gestalten 1
(1984), 266-83
ST. JEROME
LXXXVIII. ANTONY THE MONK
fl:'-' NTONY, the hermit! of whom Athanasius, bishop of d Alexandria, composed a Life* in an excellent volume, sent seven letters® of apostolic sense and preaching in Coptic to various monasteries, which have been translated into Greek, the chief one of which is addressed, To the Monks of Arsinoe.
2. He lived in the reign of Constantine and his sons.* NOTES 1. Antony (+856). See I. Gobry, Les moines en Occident, I. De saint Antoine & saint Basile (Paris, 1985).
2. See Q 3, 30-44; L. W. Barnard, "Did Athanasius Know Antony?" Ancient Society 24 (1008): 139-493. Letters: PG 40, g%7'7—100; Epistulae VI (Latine), CPG 2830; Fragmenta epistulae (coptice et arabice), CPG 233 1; Epistula ad Theodorum, CPG 2332. See also S. Rubenson, The Letters of Antony: Origenist Theology (Lund, 1990); idem,
The Letters of St. Antony. The Monasticism and the Making of a Saint (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995); D. J. Chitty, The Desert a Gity (Oxford, 1966).
4. Chronicon, A.D. 356 (ed. Helm, 240b), trans. Donalson, 48: "The 'monk Antony died in the desert in his one-hundred-and-fifth year."
REFERENCES
Q3. 14853 — Dr, 316-19 — TLG 20385.04% (Vita) — CPG 23302338 — Cath 1, 66466, G. Bardy — DHGE g, 726-34,
]J. David — DSp 1, 702-3, G. Bardy — EEC 12, 59-60, F. W. Norris — EECh 1, 44, T. Orlandi — LThK
1, 786-88, G. ]. M. Bartelink — LThK 1%, 786-88, G. J. M. Bartelink — NCE 1, 59495, R. T. Meyer
LXXXIX. BASIL THE BISHOP
Zl as1L, bishop of Ancyra, by profession a physician,! wrote Against Marcellus® and On Virginity® and some other works.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
In the reign of Constantius he was, together with Eustathius of Sebaste, the leader of the party of the Macedonians.*
NOTES 1.
"a physician":
R. Le Coz, "Les Péres de I'Eglise Grecque et la Médecine," BLE g8 (19g7): 137ff. On Ancyra see EEC 1%, 5o, R Lyman;
EECh 1, 34, D. Stiernon.
2. J. N. Steenson, Basil of Ancyra and the course of Nicene orthodoxy (Ph.D. diss., Oxford, 1983).
8. CPG 2827,
4. See art., "Macedoni," EECh 1, 516, M. Simonetti. They are also called Pneumatomachians; cf. EEC 22, ggo, F. W. Norrtis.
REFERENGES
Q 3, 201-3 — Dr, 184-86 — TLG 2084 — CPG 2, 2825-2827 — Cath 1, 1280, G. Bardy — DHGE 6, 11044, R. Javin — DSp 1, 1283, F. Cavallera
— EEC 1!, 16g, E. Ferguson — EECh 1, 113, M. Simonetti — LThK 2, g1, O. Volk — LThK 2%, 66-6%, W. A. Lohr — NCE 2, 144—48, H. Musurillo —
Dihle, Greek and Latin, 548—49
XC. THEODORUS THE BISHOP
HEODORUS, BISHOP of Heraclea in Thrace! during the reign of the emperor Constantius,? published
Commentaries on Matthew?
On John.* On the Apostle [Paul] ? and On the Psalter?® in an elegant and precise style that followed mainly the literal interpretation.
NOTES
1. CPG 3561-66.
2. Constantius, Emperor, §37-361.
8. CPG 3562, in catenis; mentioned also in Jerome, Prolog to Hom. in Matt., quoted in Courcelle, LLW, gg note; J. Reuss, Matthaeus-Kommentare,
TU 61 (Bedlin, 1957), 55-05-
ST. JEROME
4. CPG 3564, Fragmenia in catenis, ]. Reuss, TU 89, 65-1478.
5. CPG 3566: on 1 Cor 15.51, i calenis; see Courcelle, LLW, 118 nn.
222-224.
6. CPG 3567: Fragmenta in Psalmos, in catenis; see Courcelle, LLW, 120 n.
REFERENCES
CPG g561-3567 — LThK 45, 102729, H. Crouzel
XCI. EUSEBIUS, ANOTHER BISHOP
USEBIUS OF EMESA,! who had a fine rhetorical talent, composed innumerable works suited to elicit popular approval; and his historical writings, following more a literal exegesis, are most eagerly read by those who practice public speaking.?
2. Among these the chief are, Against the Jews, Gentiles, and Novatians,® On the Epistle to the Galatians,* ten books; and brief but numerous Homilies on the Gospels.®
3. He lived in the times of the emperor Constantius and died during his reign and was buried at Antioch.®
NOTES 1. Bishop from 341 until sometime before 359. Emesa (Homs), on the Orontes, was a center of Syrian sun-worship.
2. Eusebius, born at Edessa, received his education at Edessa, Scythopolis, Caesarea Maritima, Alexandria, and Antioch. See M. F. Wiles, "The Theology of Eusebius of Emesa," StudPat 19 (1989), 267-80.
3. Not extant.
4. CPG 3533, Fragmenia.
5. Eusebius Gallicanus, Sermones i—xvii (CPG g525; CPL 966). See Courcelle, LLW, 148 n. 51. For text see Eusebius "Gollicanus", ed. Glorie, CCL
101, 101A, 101B, 1970-71; A. M. Triacca, "Cultus in Eusebio Gallicano [Pseudo Eusebius]," AFLC6 (1987): 20%7—26.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
6. Eusebius had accompanied Constantius on an expedition against the Persians, c. g48.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 348-51 — CPG 3525-3543 (Fragmenta syriaca XXV, CPG 3527)— DHGE 15, 1462-63, E. M. Buytaert — DSp 4, 1690-1695, J-M. Leroux —
EECh 1, go1, M. Simonetti — LThK 3%, 1010, M. Stark — NCE 5, 636, E. des Places
XCII. TRIPHYLIUS THE BISHOP
7| RIPHYLIUS, bishop of Ledra, or Leucosia,! in Cyprus, was the most eloquent man of his time and enjoyed the d| most widespread fame during the reign of the emperor
Constantius.
I have read his Commentaries on the Song of Songs.?
And he is said to have composed many other works which have not at all come into our hands.
NOTES 1. F. Halkin, "La Vie de sainte Tryphylios," AnBoll 66 (1948): 11—26. For Ledra (modern Nicosia) in Cyprus, see EECh, Map 23.
2. Not extant.
REFERENCES
Cath 15, 356-57
XCIII. DONATUS THE HERESIARCH
ONATUS, FROM WHOM the Donatists throughout Africa! got their name, during the reigns of the emperors,
Constantine and Constantius,? asserting that the Scrip-
ST. JEROME
tures were handed over to the pagans by our fellow Christians during the persecution,® deceived almost the whole of Africa, and particularly Numidia,* by his persuasiveness.'
2. Many of his works pertaining to his heresy are extant, also avolume, On the Holy Speret, which is in accord with Arian teaching.
NOTES 1. Eus., Chron., o.p. 328 (ed. Helm, 232b), trans. Donalson, 40: "Donatus, whose followers throughout Africa were called Donatists, won renown." Cf.
J. 8. Alexander, "The Motive for a Distinction between Donatus of Carthage and Donatus of Casae Nigrae," fThS, ns., 31
(1980):
540-47.
2. Constantine, 306-33%7; Constantius, 337-361. See J.-L. Maier, Le dossier du Donatisme, I: Des onigines & la mort de Constance, I (3063-361)
(Berlin, 198%).
8. W. H. C. Frend, The Donatist Church. Those handing over the Scriptures were the traditores. See also M. A. Tilley, The Bible in Christian North
Africa: The Donatist World (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997).
4. On the spread of Donatism, cf. Chron., A.D. 355, ed. Helm, 23gh, trans. Donalson, 4'7; J.-P. Brisson, Autonomisme e christianisme dans UAfrique romaine (1058); and, e contra, A. Mandouze, AC 29 (1960): 61-104. See also ]J. E. Merdinger, Rome and the African Church (New Haven, 1997),
66-67, 201—4.
5. Perhaps surprisingly, there is no mention of Jerome's teacher of the same name, Donatus, the grammarian, of whom he does speak in Adv.
Rufinum 1.1%, listing him among the great commentators: "Commentarios praeceptoris mei Donati aeque in Virgilium"; on this Donatus cf. Dihle,
Greck and Latin, 442—4%; G. Brugnoli, "Donato e Girolamo," VaChr 2 (1965): 13949
REFERENCES
Q 2,381, 382, 413 — Dr, 337 — CPL 709724, Seriptores Donatisiae — EEC 1%, 343—4%7, W. H. C. Frend — EECh 1, 250, W. H. C. Frend — LThK g,
5056, art., "Donatisten (streit)," L. Ueding — LThK 3°, 33234, art,, "Donatismus, Donatisten," B. Kriegbaum
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
XCIV. ASTERIUS THE PHILOSOPHER
P=se STERIUS, A PHILOSOPHER of the Arian sect,! in the reign of Constantius,? wrote commentaries On the Episa®¥] tle to the Romans, On the Gospels,® and On the Psalms,* and many other works® which are studiously read by those who belong to his sect.
NOTES 1. W. Kinzig, "Asterius Sophistz oder Asterius ignotus® Eine Antwort,"
VigChr 45 (1991): 388—08.
2. Constantius, 33'7-361.
8. Neither work survives.
4. M. Richard, ed., Asteréi Sophistae Comm. in Psalmos (Oslo, 1956); W.
Kinzig, In search of Asterius: Studies on the Authorship of the Homilies on the Psalms (Gottingen, 199o). For excerpt from 6th Homle on Psalm g, see R.
Cantalamessa, Easter in the Early Church, trans. Quigley and Lienhard, Yo, 166-67.
5. See CPG 2816-2819.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 104-97 — CPG 2, 2815-19 — Cath 1, 969, G. Bardy — DHGE 4, 11649-68, G. Bardy — EEC 12, 136, R. Lyman
— EECh 1, g2, M. Simonett — LThK 1% 1101, W. Kinzig — NCE 1, 984, M. R. P. McGuire
XCV. LUCIFER THE BISHOP
UGIFER, BISHOP of Cagliari,! who had been sent, with Pancratius and Hilarion, clerics of the church of Rome,
%) as a delegation in defense of the faith, by Bishop Liberius? to the emperor Constantius,® was exiled to Palestine* be-
ST. JEROME
cause he refused to deny the Nicene faith, under the name of Athanasius; 2. showing marvelous constancy and a spirit ready for martyrdom, he wrote a work Against Constantius the Emperor and sent it to him to read,®* and not much later he returned in the time of the emperor Julian, and died in Cagliari in the reign of Valentinianus.®
NOTES 1. See Eus., Chron., 355 A.D., ed. Helm, 239l, trans. Donalson, 4%7-48.
2. For Liberius, ordained the thirtyfourth bishop of Rome, cf. Chron., A.D. 840, ed. Helm, 237b; LThK 6° (1997). 894-95. G. Schwaiger.
8. EEC 12, 286-87, art., "Constantius II," R. M. Grant; EECh 1, 198, M.
Forlin Patrucco; M. M. Mudd, Studies in the Regn of Constantius II (New York, 1989).
4. Exiled by Constantius, §55—361. The occasion was the Council of Milan; see Eus., Chron., A.D. 355, ed. Helm, 230], trans. Donalson, 4'7-48.
5. L. Opelt, "Formen der Polemik bei Lucifer von Calaris," VigChr 26 (1972): 200-226.
6. Return from exile: Chron., A.D. 3§62, ed. Helm, 242e, trans. Donalson, 50. His death: Chron., a.D. 370 (ed. Helm, 246a), trans. Donalson, g3: "like
Gregory, a bishop in Spain, and Philo of Libya, he never joined himself to the Arian depravity."
REFERENCES
Q 4,61-65 — CPL 112-118 — Cath 7, 1250-51, . Liébaert — DSp 6, 923 — EEC 2% 697, M. P. McHugh — EECh 2, M. Simonetti — LThK 6%,
1083-84, C. Kannengiesser — LThK 2%, 882-83, art., "Cagliari," M. Lupi —
HLL 8, 5, 486—01
XCVI. EUSEBIUS, ANOTHER BISHOP
USEBIUS, WHOSE PLAGE of origin was Sardinia, was a lector in the city of Rome. He was bishop of Vercelli. L
He was exiled for his profession of faith to Scythopolis a.nd from there to Cappadocia by the emperor Constantius. 2
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
2. In the reign of the emperor Julian he was restored? to his church and published Commentaries on the Psalms of Eusebius of Caesared* which he had translated from Greek into Latin. He died in the reign of Valentinianus and Valens.
NOTES 1. See Ambrose, ¢p. 63; E. Milano, "Eusebio di Vercelli, vescovo metropolita. Leggenda o realta storica?" IMU go (1987): 313-22.
2. He was exiled for opposing the condemnation of Athanasius at the synod of Milan; see Chron., A.D. 355, ed. Helm, 239. Cf. L. A. Speller, "A note on Eusebius of Vercelli and the Council of Milan," jThS 36 (1985):
157-65.
8. Chron., A.D. 369, ed. Helm, 245.
4. On translation of commentaries on Psalms, now lost, <f. Jerome, ¢p.
61.2. Three of his letters, however, are extant; see PL 12, 947-954.
Dattrino, "Eusebio di Vercelli, vescovo <martire>? vescovo <monacho>?" AugR 24 (1984): 167-8%. Eus., Chron., ed. Helm, 245j, gives
869 as date of his death.
REFERENCES
Q3. 32, 337 — Q 4, 62-64 — CPL 105 — EEC 12, 403, ]J. T. Lienhard — EECh 1, go2, L. Dattrino — DHGE 15, 1477-83, V. C. de Clerq— LThK 3,
1200, L. Ueding — LThK g%, 1012-13, M. Friedrowicz For texts and studies, see L. Dattrino, Il "De Trinitaie" pseudoatanasiono
(Rome, 1976); M. Simonett, "Qualche osservazione sul De Trinstateattributo a Eusebio di Vercelli," RiCulsCM 5 (1963): 386—93; Eusebii Vercellensis episcopi quae supersunt. De Trinitate Libelli VII. Epistulae, ed. V. Bulhart, CCL 9
(195%), 1—2085 (De Trinitate).
XCVII. FORTUNATIANUS THE BISHOP
Z] ORTUNATIANUS, AN AFRICAN by origin,! and bishop of Aquileia in the reign of the emperor Constantius,2 wrote Commentaries on the Gospels,® divided in sections* in a concise and inelegant style;
2. and for this he is held in disdain because at first he solicit-
ST. JEROME
ed Liberius, bishop of the city of Rome, to go into exile for the faith,® then broke his word and induced him to subscribe to heresy.® NOTES 1. Fortunatianus of Aquileia (d. 361) was a native of Sicca Veneria, in Numidia.
2. Emperor, 337-361.
3. CPL 104; CCL 9, 365—70; PLS 1, 239. In ¢p. 10, a sort of prose genethligcon to Paul, his centenarian friend in Concordia, Jerome, after much warm-hearted flattery, shamelessly requests payment for his praise in the form of books: "To be explicit I ask for the Commentaries of Fortunatianus
.."; see ACW 33, 51 and 202 n.
11. Jerome may be referring to Fortunatianus's (now lost) Comm. on Matthew in the Preface to his translatdon of Origen's Homilies on Luke; cf. Lienhard, FOTC g4, 3 n. 2. See also Paul Meyvaert, "An unknown source for Jerome and Chromatius. Some new fragments of Fortunatianus of Aquileia?" in Scire litteras, FS B. Bischoff, ABAW,
N.F. g9 (Munich, 1988), 2777-89.
4. On "sections," cf. Q 2, 101, on Ammonius, and Q 3, 335, on Eusebius of Caesarea.
8. Chron., A.D. 349. On Pope Liberius see HLL 8, 5, 510-16.
6. Chron., A.D. 349 (ed. Helm, 2g4b), trans. Donalson, 45: "Liberius, overcome by the weariness of exile, and subscribing to a heretical depravity, had entered Rome like a conqueror."
REFERENCES
Q 4, 572 — CCL g, 365—370 — DSp %7, 2162 — EECh 1, 328, B. Studer — EECh 1, 328, U. Dionisi — HLL 8, 5, 419-21 — Kelly, Jerome, 62
XCVIII. ACACIUS THE BISHOP
cAacius,! wHoM, because he was blind in one eye they nicknamed "the one-eyed," bishop of the church of Caesarea in Palestine, composed seventeen volumes
On Ecclesiastes,® and six, Tvppiktov (nTpdTev, On Miscellaneous Questions,* and many treatises besides on various subjects.'
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
2. He was so influential in the reign of the emperor Constantius® that he made Felix bishop of Rome in place of Liberius.'
NOTES 1. Acacius was a disciple and successor (340-366) of Eusebius of Caesarea, leader of the Homoeans in the East. See Jerome, ¢p. 119.6.
2. J. M. Leroux, "Acace évéque de Césarée de Palestine (g41-365),"
StudPat 8, 2 [=TU gg (Berlin, 1966) ], 82-85. Elsewhere (¢p. 34.1) Jerome mentions his work on renovating the library in Caesarea.
8. Not extant.
4. Zvpplerov {ympdtev (CPG g510); cf. Jerome, gp. 119.6, quoted in Courcelle, LLW, 1147 n. 213; art., "Erotapokriseis," RAC 6, 348.
5. Socrates, h.e. 2.4. Jerome himself in ¢b. 119.6 quotes a fragment of Acacius on 1 Cor 15:51. Epiphanius, Pan. 72.5—10, mentions a Contra Marcellum (CPG g512); see
]. T. Lienhard, "Acacius of Caesarea: Conira Marcelfum. Historical and Theological Considerations," CrSt 10 (1989): 1—22;
#dem, "Acacius of Caesarea's Contra Marcellum: its Place in Theology and Controversy," StudPat 19 (1989), 185-88.
6. Constantius ruled, §87—361.
4. "influential"; P. Nautin, art., "Felix I1," DHGE 16, 884, doubts the accuracy of this. Cf. Philostorgius,
A.e. 5.1; also, referring to the see of Jerusalem and Cyril as its proposed recipient, Chron., A.D. 348 (ed. Helm,
234a), trans. Donalson, 45: "after the death [of Maximus] the see was offered to him by Acacius and other Arians."
REFERENCES
Q 3, 345—46 — Dr, 169 — CPG gg10-15 — EEC 1% g, E W. Norris — EECh 1, 5, M. Simonetti — LThK 1, 234, H. Rahner
— LThK 1%, 285, art., "Akakios," W. A. Lohr — HLL 8, §, 440
XCIX. SERAPION THE BISHOP
ERAPION, BISHOP of Thmuis,! who because of his {;Y'\é@ great learning earned the surname Scholasticus,? was a 2% friend of Antony? the hermit and published an important work, Against Mans,*
another, On the titles of the Psalms,® and valuable letters to various recipients.®
ST. JEROME
And he became celebrated for his profession [of the faith] in the reign of the emperor Constantius.'
NOTES 1. Thmuis, in Lower Egypt, in the Nile Delta.
2. Scholasticus: Q 3, 82, glosses, "There is ample evidence of his rhetorical, philosophical and theological erudition." See also A. Globe, "Serapion of Thmuis as Witness to the Gospel Text Used by Origen in Caesarea,"
NovTest 26 (1984): 97-127%.
3. Cf. Antony's instruction on his death-bed: "To Bishop Athanasius give the one sheepskin and the cloak on which I lie
. and to Bishop Serapion give the other sheepskin," St. Athanasius: The Life of Saint Aniony, trans. R. T.
Meyer, ACW 10, 96.
4. CPG 2485; Serapion of Thmuis Against the Manichees, ed. R. P. Casey (Cambridge, Mass., 1931).
5. Not extant.
6. Letters: Q 3, 84; CPG 2493; Latres des Peres du désert: Ammonas, Macaire, Arséne, Sérapion de Thmuis, ed. B. Outtier, A. Louf, M. van Parys, and C. A. Zirnheld (Bégrolles-en-Mauges: Abbaye de Bellefontaine, 1985).
Serapion was also a recipient of letters from Athanasius (CPG 2094). Not mentioned is The Buchologium (CPG 2405), generally regarded as his, pace
B. Botte, OrChr 48 (1964): 50-56. See also R. C. D. Jasper and G. ]J. Cuming, Prayers of the Eucharist (2™ ed., New York, 1980), 52-66 (Liturgy of St.
Mark), 74-79 (Prayers).
7. "Konstans," LThK 63, 294, K Gross.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 80-85 — CPG 248595 — Cath 13, 1126-2, G. Mathon — DSp 14, 643-52, D. Dufrasne — EEC 22, 1050, E. Ferguson — EECh 2, 768, A.
Hamman — PWRE Suppl. 8, 1260-6%, H. Dérrie
C. HILARY THE BISHOP
FILARY, bishop of the city of Poitiers,! [in the province] of Aquitaine, was exiled to Phrygia as a result of a synod in Béziers, by a faction of Saturninus,? bishop of Arles.
2. He composed twelve books, Against the Arians;®
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
another book, On Synods,* which he addressed to the bishops of Gaul; also Commentaries on the Psalms, Books One and Two: Book One,
On Psalms 51 to 62; and [Book Twol, On Psalms 118 to the end.® In this work he imitated Origen and added not a few things of his own.
3. Also belonging to him is a little work, To Constantius,® which he presented to the emperor during his rule in Constantinople."
And a second, Against Constantius,® which he wrote after the emperor's death; a book, Against Valens and Ursacius,® which contains the history of the Synod of Rimini and Seleucia; also To the Prefect Sallustius, or Against Dioscorus;'® and A Book of Hymns;!! and A Book On the Mysteries,\> also Commentaries on Matthew? and Tractates on Job* which he freely translated from the Greek of Origen; another elegant work, Against Auxentius;® and some Epistles to various recipients.
Some say that he had written On the Canticle of Canticles, but this work has not come to my attention.
4. He died at Poitiers in the reign of Valentinian and Valens.!® NOTES 1.]. Doignon, Hilaére de Poitiers (Paris, 1971).
2. The Chronicon (ed. Helm, 240c; trans. Donalson, 48) dates this exile to 356; T. D. Barnes, "Hilary of Poitiers on his Exile," VigChr 46 (1992):
12g—40; D. H. Williams, "A Re-assessment of the Early Career and Exile of Hilary of Poitiers,"
JEH 42 (1991): 202-1%.
8. De Trinitate: Q 4, 38—42; CPL 438; CCL 62 and 62A, ed. P. Smulders; The Trinity, trans. Stephen McKenna, FOTC 25 (1954). For duodecim, see
Jerome, ¢p. 7o (CSEL k4, 707): "Hilarius, meorum temporum confessor et episcopus, duodecim Quintiliani libros et stylo imitatus est et numero."
4. On Synods: CPL 434, 468f., 818; Q 4, 42-43; Sinod: e fede degls orientalt, trans. with intro. and notes by Luigi Longobardo, Collana di testi patristic
105 (Rome: Cittd Nuova, 1993).
5. Commentaries on the Psalms: CPL 208, 428, 502. For Hilary's Tracates on Psalm 63 and on Psalm 132, see PLS 1: 241-246.
ST. JEROME
6. To Constantius: CPL 460; Q 4, 43—44 . See Chron., A.D. 850.
#. This is just a repetition of Chwon., A.D. 359, ed. Helm, 241g.
8. CPL 461; Q 4, 44; Contre Constance, ed. A. Rocher, SC 334 (Paris, 1989).
9. See recent trans. by L. R. Wickham in Hdary of Peitiers. Conflicts of Conscience in the IVih-Cent. Church (Liverpool, 1998), which contains Hilary's
Against Valens and Ursacius and Later to the Emperor Gonstantius, with intro. and notes by Wickham.
10. CPL 450; cf. Jerome, gb. 70 (CSEL 54, 70%7): "brevique libello, quem scripsit Contra Dioscorum medicum, quid in litteris possit ostendit." But in the end, for Jerome, the achievement did not quite measure up to the potential: "Sanctus Hilarius Gallicano coturno adtollitur et, cum Graeciae floribus adornetur, longis interdum periodis involvitur, et a lectione simpliciorum fratrum procul est" (¢b. 58, CSEL 54, 5309).
11. CPL 463, 464;
Q 4, 50-51.
12. CPL 427;
Q 4, 40-50.
13. CPL 430; Q 4, 47—48; Ilario di Poitiers. Commentario a Matieo, trans. with intro. and notes by L. Longobardo (Rome: Cittd Nuova, 1988); see also Dihle, Grezk and Latin, 579-478.
14. "Traciaies on Job, which he freely translated from the Greek of Origen": now lost; CPL 420;
Q 4, 5 1. Jerome in gp. 5%.6 praises Hilary's translations: "Hilary the confessor who has turned some homilies on Job and several treatises on the Psalms from Greek into Latin; yet has not bound himself to the drowsiness of the letter or fettered himself by the stale literalism of inadequate culture. Like a conqueror he has led away captive into his own tongue the meaning of his originals" (NPNF 6, ser. 2, 114~15).
15. CPL 462; Q 4, 44~45.
16. For death see Chron., A.D. 367, ed. Helm, 245e, trans. Donalson, 53.
REFERENCES
Q 4. 4861 — CPL 427-464 — Dr, 21319 — Cath 5, 731-34, P-Th.
Camelot — DHGE 24, 450-61, R. Aubert — DSp 4, 1, 466—g9, C. Kannengiesser — EEC 1%, 527-28, M. T. Clark
— EECh 1, §81-82, M. Simoneti — HLL 8, 5, 447-80 — LThK §, 337-38, A. Antweiler — LThK 53,
100-102, M. Durst — NCE 6, 1114~16, S.]. McKenna — RAC 15, 13967, J. Doignon — TRE 15, 315—22, H. C. Brennecke — Dihle, Gresk and Latin,
547-48 —W. Berschin, Greek Laiters, 45—46, 295 n. 20
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
CI. VICTORINUS THE RHETORICIAN
ARIUS VICTORINUS, an African! by birth, taught rhetoric at Rome in the reign of the emperor Constantius,? and in extreme old age converted to the Christian faith® and wrote books Against the Arians,* extremely obscure and written in a dialectical style, which only experts understand,® also, Commentaries on the Apostle [Paul].®
NOTES 1. Under a.p. 354 (ed. Helm, 239e), Jerome's Chronicon notes: "The rhetorician Victorinus and the grammarian Donatus, my teacher (praeceptor meus), were considered outstanding men (insignes habentur) at Rome.
One of them, Victorinus, was even honored with a statue in the Forum of Trajan" (trans. Donalson, 4%). For more on Donatus, df. Jerome, Comm. in Eed. 1.9-10.
2. Constantius, 337-361.
3. Cf. Augustine, Conf. 8.2.3: "When I mentioned [to Ambrose] that I had read some books of the Platonists, which Victorinus (at one time a rhetorician in the city of Rome, who had,
I heard, died a Christian) had translated into Latin" (trans. V. J. Bourke, FOTC 21, 198). The passage goes on to describe Victorinus's conversion very movingly.
4. Adversus Arium: CPL 95; Victorinus's theological works listed at Q 4, 70; Marius Vicorinus: Traités théologiques sur la Trinité, ed. P. Henry and P.
Hadot, SC 68—69g (Paris, 1960); trans. M. T. Clark, FOTC 6g; see also P.
Hadot, Marius Victorinus. Recherches sur sa vie et ses oeuvres (Paris, 19771).
5. more diglectico: cf. M. P. Corsini, "Il Témeo di Platone negli scritti teologici di Mario Vittorino. L'interpretazione aritmo-geometrica," AMATosc
59 (1996): 61-133; M. T. Clark, "The Neoplatonism of Marius Victorinus,"
StudPat 11 [= TU 108 (Berlin, 19%2)], 13-109; Jerome, Prol. Ep. ad Gal. (PL 26: 308): "because he was immersed in secular literature he was totally ignorant of Sacred Scripture and nobody, however eloquent, can expatiate well on what he does not know."
6. Exegetical works listed: Q 4, 73. Comm. ¢n ¢p. Pauli, on Galatians, Ephesians, and Philippians: CPL g8; text in PL 8, 1145-1294. Cf. Courcelle,
LLW, 127 n. gos: Jerome, Prol. Ep. ad Gal. (PL 26: 308): "Non quod ignorem C. Marium Victorinum, qui Romae me puero [= in my boyhood] rhetoricam docuit, edidisse Commentarios in Apostolum."
ST. JEROME
REFERENCES
Q 4, 69—79 — CPL 9499 — Cath 8, 695-97, P-Th. Camelot — DSp 10, 616—23, A. Solignac — EEC
22, 1159-60, M.
P. McHugh — EECh 1, 525-26, M. Simonetti — LThK 7, go—91, A. Stuiber — LThK 6%, 1387-88,
W. Geerlings — NCE g, 231, P. Hadot — HLL 8, 5, 342-55 — Kelly, Jerome, 10-14
CII. TITUS THE BISHOP
N THE REIGN of the emperors Julian and Jovian,! Titus, bishop of Bostra,? wrote [two] spirited works '
Against the Manicheans® and some others.* 2. He died during the reign of Valens.
NOTES 1. For Julian, see Chron., o.D. 361 (ed. Helm, 242b), trans. Donalson, 5o:
"Julian was the thirty-sixth ruler of the Romans. He reigned for one year and eight months." For Jovian, see Chron., A.D. 363 (ed. Helm, 243b), trans. Donalson: "Jovian was the thirty-seventh ruler of the Romans. He reigned for eight months."
2. Bostra: DHGE ¢, 1399-14085, C. Korolevsky; LThK 28, 62425, E. A.
Knauf-Belleri.
3. Against the Manichees: CPG 3575; J. Ries, "Introduction aux études manichéens," EThL 33 (1957): 453-82, and 35 (1959): 362—409; LThK 6%,
1265-69, H. ]J. Klimkeit; TRE 22, 25—45, art., "Mani, Manichaismus," A.
Bohlig; EECh 1, 519, C. Riggi.
4. See CPG 35976-3578.
5. Valens reigned, 364—378.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 359-62 — CPG 3575-3581 — DSp 15, 999—1006, A. Solignac — EEC 22, 1135, F. W. Norris — EECh 2, 843, E. Cavalcanti — LThK 10, 212, A.
Van Roey — NCE 14, 181, P. Canivet
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
CIII. DAMASUS THE BISHOP
AMASUS, BISHOP of the city of Rome,! had a splendid talent for composing verses® and published many short compositions in hexameters.?
He was close to eighty years old when he died, during the reign of the emperor Theodosius.* NOTES 1. A rather frigid entry from his onetime secretary and confidante.
Damasus was Pope from Oct.
1, 366, until Dec. 11, 384; see Chron., A.D.
365, ed. Helm, 244e, trans. Donalson, 52.
2. What did Jerome really think about Damasus? Is ¢p. 22.28 (auriscalpiuwm matronarum, "an ear-pick of matrons") a thinly veiled attack by a disgruntled former secretary? Praising his poetic talent in the circumstances sounds like a variant on Nero fiddling as Rome was burning. See P. Nautin,
"Le premier échange epistolaire entre Jérome et Damase," Freiburger Zeitschrift fiir Philosophie und Theologie 30 (1983): 331-34. On epp. 15 and 16, see ]. E. Merdinger, Rome and the African Church, 92—93, 366-84.
3. Epigrammata: CPL 1635; A. Ferrua, Epigrammata Damasiana (Rome, 1942); G. Bernt, Das lateinische Epigramm im Ubergang von der Spitantike zum
Jrihen Mittelalter (Munich, 1968).
4. He died on Dec.
11, 384, almost eighty. Jerome had entertained hopes of succeeding him, but had slipped considerably in the polls since the heady days described in ¢p. 45.3: "Before I became acquainted with the family of the saintly Paula, all Rome resounded with my praises. Almost everyone concurred in judging me worthy of the episcopate [omnium paene tudicio dignus summo sacerdotio decernebar]; Damasus, of blessed memory, spoke no words but mine" (CSEL 54, 325; trans. in NPNF 6, ser. 2, 59).
There appears not a word about Damasus's liturgical reforms, on which cf.
M. H. Shepherd, Jr., "The liturgical reform of Damasus 1," Kyriakon, FS J.
Quasten, Vol. 2, 847-63.
REFERENCES
Q 3, 206 — Q 4, 277378 — CPL 1632-1636 — Cath 3, 429-31, G. Bardy — DHGE 14, 4853, A. Van Roey — EEC 1%, 316-1%, M. P. McHugh —
EECh 1, 21820, C. Pietri — LThK g, 136-3%, O. Perler — LThK 25, 1385, J. Speigl — NCE 4, 62425, M. R. P. McGuire — ODP, 32-34 — PL 13,
375-414 — PLS 1, 314-423 — Kelly, Jerome, 80—go — C. Pietri, Roma Christigna (311-440) (Rome, 1976), chap. 6-10
ST. JEROME
CIV. APOLLINARIS THE BISHOP
POLLINARIS, BISHOP of Laodicea in Syria,! son of a priest,2 in his youth devoted himself chiefly to the study of grammar, but later turned to the Sacred Scriptures,® writing innumerable volumes.* He died in the reign of Theodosius.® 2. Thirty volumes of his entitled, Against Porphyry, are extant,® which are particularly appreciated among his other works,
NOTES 1. E. Miihlenberg, Apollinaris von Laodices, FKDG 23 (Gottingen, 1969).
2. Cf. Dihle, Greek and Latin, 605: "His eponymous father is even said to have written tragedies, dramatic pieces, meant for reading, about Biblical subjects." In the same work Dihle, 429, 604-605, deals with a side to Apollinaris completely neglected here: "long poetical works for Christian schools. He recast stories from the Old Testament in Homeric hexameters, but also in the form of tragedies and comedies after the manner of Euripedes and Menander and as Pindaric odes."
E. Muhlenberg, "Zur exegetischen Methode des Apollinaris von Laodicea," Christliche exegese zwischen Niczea und Chalcedon, ed. J. van Oort and U. Wickert (Kampen, 1992), 132—47; E. Miihlenberg, "Apollinaris von
Laodicea und die origenistische Tradition," ZNTW*6 (1985): 270-83.
4. See Chron., A.D. 365 (ed. Helm, 244b), trans. Donalson, 52: "composed a great number of works on our religion." For details, cf. Q 3,
37'7—78. See also Courcelle, LLW, 49 and n. g; A. Tuilier, "Le sens de I'Apollinarisme dans les controverses théologiques du IVe siécle," StudPat
13 [= TU 116] (1975), 295-305; E. Cattaneo, Trois homélies pseudo-Chrysostomiennes sur la Paque comme cuvre d'Apollingire de Laodicée. Attribution et étude théologique = ThH 58 (Paris, 1981); "Apollinare, Epiphanio, Gregorio di
Nazianio, Gregorio di Nissa e altri," Su Cristo. Il Grande Dibattio nel Quarto Secolo, ed. Enzo Bellini (Milan, 1978), esp. 15-107.
5. He must have died c. ggo.
6. Jerome, Praef. in Danielem prophetam (CCL 475A, 17471): " asserted that Porphyry had spoken at length against this prophet and I introduced as witnesses to this fact Methodius, Eusebius, and Apollinaris who answered his nonsense in many thousand verses." Ep. 7o (CSEL 54, 703) is more specific: "Scripserunt contra nos Celsus atque Porphyrius: priori Origenes, alteri Methodius, Eusebius et Apollinaris fortisssime responderunt; quorum Origenes octo scripsit libros [= Conira Celsum]; Methodius usque ad decem milia procedit versuum [cf. supra, DVI 83]; Eusebius [DVI 81.2] et
Apollinaris viginti quinque et triginta volumina condiderunt." In ¢p. 84
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
Jerome is more critical: "Apollinaris is the author of a most weighty book against Porphyry ... yet ... has mutilated Christ's incarnate humanity"
(NPNF 6, ser. 2, 176).
REFERENCES
Q 3, 377-83 — Dr, 22024 — TLG 2074 — CPG 2, 364595 — Cath 1, 706—7, G. Bardy — DHGE 3, g62-8¢2, R. Aigrain — EEC 12, 79-81, C. Kannengiesser — EECh
1, 58-59, C. Kannengiesser — LThK 1, 714, H. de Riedmatten — LThK 1%, 826-28, C. Kannengiesser — NCE 1, 667-68, J.
Bentivegna — RAC 1, 520-22, G. Genz — TRE g, 362—71, E. Mithlenberg
CV. GREGORY THE BISHOP [OF ELVIRA]
> REGORY, A NATIVE of Baetica in Spain,! was bishop of @V% Elvira® and up to extreme old age composed different
2SAl| tracts in a middle style®
and an elegant composition On Faith.* He is said to be still alive.?
NOTES 1. See Chron., A.D. g'70.
2. Bishop of Elvira, c. 359. He was anti-Arian.
3. mediocris = stylus medius. See E. Auerbach, Literary Language and its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, trans. R. Manheim (New
York: Pantheon Books, 1965), 33-39, 190-91, 194.
4. De fide orthodoxa, CPL 551, formerly assigned to Phoebadius (infra, DVI 108), is his; see M. Simonetti, Gregorio di Elvira, La fede (Turin, 1975).
The work is found in CCL 69, 217—47, ed. V. Bulhart and J. Fraipont (Turnholt, 1967).
5. He may have still been alive in 403; see EECh 1, 363.
REFERENCES
Q 4, 8489 — CPL 546-557 — Cath 5, 253-54, G. Jacquemet — DHGE 21, 1501 — DSp 6, 923—2%7 — EEC 1%, 491, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 363,
M. Simonetti — LThK 4, 1193—94, H. Rahner — LThK 4%, 1000, A. Viciano — NCE 6, 790, F. J. Buckley