2 St. Jerome
ST. JEROME
REFERENCES
Q1, 37783 — Dr, 55 — TLG 1163 — CPG 1103 (De Pascha, fragmenta) — Cath 1, 704, G. Bardy — DHGE 3, 959-60, P. de Labriolle — EEC 1%, 79, E.
Ferguson — LThK 1, 713-14, H. Rahner — LThK 13, 826, C. Scholten — NCE 1, 664, E. Day — R. M. Grant, Greek Apologists, 83—91
XXVII. DIONYSIUS THE BISHOP
10NYSIUS, BISHOP of the church of Corinth, was a man of such eloquence and zeal that he instructed by letter not only the people of his own city and province, but also of other provinces and cities.
2. Among his letters' is one, Tb the Spartans, a second, To the Athenians, a third, 7o the Nicomedians, a fourth, 7o the Cretans, a fifith, To the Church of Amastri and the other churches of Pontus, a sixth, To the Faithful of Knossos and to Pinytus, the bishop of that city, a seventh, 7o the Romans, which he addressed to their bishop,
Soter, an eighth, 7o Chrysophora, a holy woman.
3. He lived in the reign of the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.?
NOTES 1. The letters are no longer extant. See Eus., k.e. 4.23, translated in Q 1, 280-82.
2. "in the reign of the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus": 161-192 A.D,; cf. Eus., h.e. 4.14, and Chron., ed. Helm,
PP204-10.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
REFERENCES
Q 1, 28082 — TLG 1329 — CPG 1336 — Cath g, 616-17 — DHGE 14, 261-62 — DSp 3§, 449 — EEC 12, 334, M. P. McHugh — EECh 1, 288, P.
Nautin — LThK g, 404, J. A. Fischer —LThK g°, 245, E. Grinbeck — NCE 4, 874, D. Kelleher — Gamble, Books, 116-18 — Nautin, Lettres @ éerivains chrétiens des Ie et Ille sizcles (Paris, 1961), 13-32
XXVIII. PINYTUS THE BISHOP
STINYTUS OF CRETE, bishop of the city of Knossos,!
J| wrote a very elegant letter To Dionysius, bishop of dd Corinth,? in which he taught that the faithful should not continue to be fed on a milk diet lest they be taken by surprise as children on the last day, but should be fed on solid food?®so that they might advance to a spirited old age.
2. He also lived under Marcus Antoninus and Aurelius Commodus.
NOTES 1. Eus., h.e. 4.21. Knossos was the capital of Crete.
2. h.e. 4.23.
1 Cor 3.2; Heb 5.12-14; k.. 4.23, here abbreviated.
REFERENCES
Q 1, 282-83 — DSp 2, 1, gb2-63
XXIX. TATIAN THE HERESIARCH
small fame for himself for his rhetorical skill,2 became a . dl follower of Justin Martyr,® and flourished in the church as long as he did not depart from his side.
ST. JEROME
2. Later, however, inflated with the pride of eloquence, he founded a new heresy which is called the Encratite,! which Severus further increased, and after whom the heretics of his party are called Severians' down to this present day.
3. Moreover Tatian wrote numerous volumes, one of which, Against the Pagans,® survives, which is the most famous' in repute
.among all his works.
4. And he lived under the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
NOTES 1. R. M. Grant, Greek Apologists, Chaps. 13, 14; idem, "Studies in the Apologists.
1: Tatian's Theological Method," HTAR 51 (1058): 128—28; idem, "Forms and Occasions of the Greek Apologists," Studi ¢ Materiali di Storia delle Religioni 52 (1986): 213—26. For Tatian's life, see L. Leone, "Due date della vita di Taziano," OrChrP 277 (1961): 27-57.
Whittaker, "Tatian's Educational Background,"
StmudPat 1§ (1975/476), 57-50:
P. Yousif, "Il patrimonio culturale greco secondo Taziano," in L'eredita classica nelle lingue orientali
(1085), 73-95.
3. = Eus,, h.e. 4.16. See R. Weijenborg, "Die Berichte uber Justin und Crescens bei Tatian," Aniondanum 477 (1972): §62-go.
4. L. W. Barnard, "The Heresy of Tatian," in Studies in Church History and Pairistics, Analecta Viatadon 26 (Thessalonica, 1979), 181—9g; #dem, "The Heresy of Tatian—once again," JEH 19 (1968): 1~10. On Encratism see La tradizione dell'enkrateia (1085); H. Chadwick, art., "Enkrateia," RAC 5.
5. On Severians cf. h.e. 4.29, quoting Irenaeus, Adv. haer 1.28.1.
6. CPG 1104. Text: Tatian.
"Oratio ad Graecos" and Fragments, ed. and trans. M. Whittaker, OECT (Oxford, 1982); M. Marcovich, Taiiani Oratio ad Graecos. Theophili Anviochens ad Autolycum, PTS 43-44 (Berlin and New
York, 1995); Ruiz Bueno, BAC 116 (Madrid, 1954), 572-628. See also M.
McGehee, "Why Tatian never 'apologised' to the Greeks," JECS1, 2 (1993):
14358 [not an "apology," but a protrepticl; P. Bernard, "Le catalogue des statues dans le Discours aux Grecs de Tatien: Rhétorique ou Réalité?" [résumé] REG g9, 21-22; E. Bolgiani, "Taziano, Oratio ad Graecos cap. 30, L,
Kyriakon, ed. P. Granfield and J. A. Jungmann, FS ]. Quasten, 2 vols., Vol.
(Munster, 1g770), 226~35; S. Di Cristina, "L'idea di Dunamis nel De mundo e nell'Oraitoe ad Graecos di Tazano," AugR
(1977): 485-504; G.
F Hawthorne, "Tatian and his Discourse to the Greeks," HTAR 57 (1964):
161-88; A. E. Osborne, Twian s Discourse ta the Grecks.
A Literary Analysis and Essay in Interpraation (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Cincinnat, 1g69); R. M. Grant,
Greek Apologists, Chaps. 13-14 and p. 246; idem, R. M. Grant, "Five Apologists and Marcus Aurelius," VigChr 42 (1980):
1-1%; J. Beaujeu, "Les apologeétes et le culte du souverain," Le culte des souverains dans U'Empire romain, Fondation Hardt, Eniretiens 19 (1978): 101—42.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
17.See A. J. Droge, Homer or Moses? Early Christian Interpretations of the History of Culture (Tibingen, 1989), 82—101; M. Elze, Tatian und seine Theologie
(Ph.D. diss., Tibingen University, 1958) = FKDG g (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 19g60). See also R. M. Grant, "Tatian and the Bible,"
StudPat 1 (195%): 297—306; idem, HThR 46 (1953): 99—101; idem, JThS 5 (1954): 62-68; idem, "Tatian (Or. 30) and the Gnostics," JThS 15 (1964):
5-69; M. Marcovich, "Codex Arethae and Tatian," JOByz 44 (1994):
307-12; R. Merkelbach, "Tatian 40," VigChr 21 (1967%7): 219—20; M. Naldini, "Dai Papiri della Raccolta Fiorentina. Lettera di Tatianos al padre,"
Chairemon 4 (Athens and Rome, 1967): 163-68; A. Orbe, "A proposito de Gen. 1.3 en la exegesis de Tatien," Greg
42 (1961): 401—43.
REFERENCES
Q 1, 220-28 — Dr, 64-67 — CPG 1104-6 — DSp 15, 52-5%, A. Solignac — EEC 22, 11056, F. W. Norris — EECh 2, 815, F. Bolgiani — Dihle, Greek and Latin, 303
XXX. PHILIP THE BISHOP
HILIP, BISHOP of Crete, or rather of the city of Gortyn,! of which Dionysius makes mention in the letter which he wrote to the church of that city,?
2. published an important work Against Marcion,® and flourished in the time of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.*
NOTES 1. Cf. Eus,, h.e. 4.21, which makes Philip a contemporary of Hegesippus.
Titus 1.5 tells us that Paul left Titus in Crete "to appoint presbyters in every city." Titus himself is credited with having been first bishop of Gortyn.
2. Dionysius, ad Cretenses = h.e. 4.23.5; cf.
DVI 27.2.
3. Against Marcion, named in h.e. 4.25.1, which describes the work, now lost, as very elaborate, and links Philip with Irenaeus and Modestus as antiMarcionite writers.
4. Chron., A.D. 204.
ST. JEROME
REFERENCES
Q 1, 281, 284 — EECh 2, 681, E. Prinzivalli
XXXI. MUSANUS
UsaNUs,! not undistinguished among those who wrote on the doctrine of the church, in the reign of the em4| peror Marcus Antoninus Verus,? composed a work directed at certain brethren who had fallen away from the church into the heresy of the Encratites.?
NOTES 1. Eus., h.e. 4.21,and Ckron., A.D. 204
2. = Marcus Aurelius.
3. Eusebius speaks of an émoTtpentuwdrtaros Aoyos: Liddell, Scott, Jones, s.u: "likely to turn or alter; reflective"; énioTpemTos, "versatile." On Encratites, see h.e. 4.28 (Gk., éyxpateia = contdnence, self-control); cf. DVI
29.2.
REFERENCES
Q 1, 284 — EECh 2, 576, A. Pollastri — LThK 7, 698 — LThK 7%, 542, J.
Kraus
XXXII. MODESTUS
ODESTUS,! who also lived in the reign of the emperor Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus,
4| wrote a work Against Marcion® which is still extant.
2. Other compositions are ascribed to him, but scholars reject them as spurious.®
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
NOTES 1. Eus., h.e. 4.21. See also A. Le Boulluec, "La Bible chez les marginaux de I'orthodoxie," in Le monde grec et la Bible, ed. C. Mondésert, 153—70.
2. h.e 4.25.1.
8. owrtdypara: Liddell, Scott, Jones, sz, "a collection of writings"; thevBemiypada: PGL, s.v., "with false superscription or title"; neut. plur, as substantive; see also EEC 2% 61-64, art..
"Pseudepigraphy,"
Charlesworth.
REFERENCES
Q1,284 — CPL: cf. 2246 — EECh 2, 564, G. Ladocsi — LThK ¥, 5186, ].
Kraus — LThK 4%, 3770, G. Schollgen
XXXIII. BARDESANES THE HERESIARCH
ARDESANES was regarded as famous in Mesopotamia.'
At first he was a follower of Valentinus,? but then became his adversary, and finally started a new heresy.?
He was held in repute by the Syrians for his passionate character and vehemence in debate.*
2. He wrote countless works against almost all heresies which had originated in his time. The most famous and most powerful of his works was On Fate which he presented to Marcus Antoninus,® and many other volumes on persecution which his followers translated from Syriac into Greek."
3. If his efficacy is so splendid and great in translation, what do we think it was like in the originall®
NOTES 1. Bardesanes/Bar Daisan (154—222), a contemporary of Clement of Alexandria; see Eus., h.e. 4.30.1; also Epiphanius, Panarion 6, in The Panarion of St. Epiphanius, trans. P. R. Amidon, 198.
2. h.e. 4.30.3; Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.1.
8. Pan. 56.1: "the founder of the sect of the Bardesanites."
4. h.e. 4.30.5: "very able . .
. very eloquent in Syriac," "very strong at arguing."
ST. JEROME
8. h.e. 4.30.2: "a very powerful dialogue addressed to Antoninus, On Fate (Ilepl. Eipappévngs)." See A. Dihle, "Astrology in the Doctrine of Bardesanes," StudPat 20 (198%), 160-68; H. J. W. Drijvers, Bardaisan of Edessa
(1977); idem, "Edessa und das judische Christentum," VigChr 24 (1970):
4-33; U. Bianchi, "Le fonti del dualismo di Bardesane," in Umaniia ¢ Storia.
Scritti in onore di A. Atisani (Naples, 1970), 1-15.
6. T. D. Barnes, C. gnd E., 141: "Eusebius assigned him to the reign of Marcus Aurelius, even though he was born in 154 and died in 222/3."
Edessa was the capital of the small kingdom of Osrrhoéne.
7. "many other volumes": k.e. 4.30.1-2: "in consequence of the persecution of that time."
8. Cf. Courcelle, LLW, 95 n. 35.
REFERENCES
Q 1, 26364 — TLG 1214 — CPG 1, 1152-53 — Cath
1, 124546, G.
Bardy — DHGE 6, 765-67, G. Bardy — DSp 14, 1430, A. Guillaumont — EEC 1% 164, F. W. Norris — EECh 1, 110, R. Lavenant — LThK 1, 1242—483, J. Quasten — LThK 2%, g, H. J. W. Drijvers — NCE 2, 97, G. W.
MacRae — RAC 1, 1180-86, L. Cerfaux — TRE 5, 206-12, H.
J. W. Drijvers — Dihle, Greedk and Latin, 330-31 — Nag Hammadi Bibliography, 1948-1969, NHS 1 (1971), 50, D. M. Scholer
XXXIV. VICTOR THE BISHOP
ICTOR, THIRTEENTH BISHOP of the city of Rome,' wrote On the Question of the Pasch? and certain other
4l works,® and ruled the church for ten years in the time of the emperor Severus.* NOTES 1. Eus., ke 5.22.1, 5.28.3-5; Chron., A.D. 193, A.D. 196.
2. h.e. 5.23-24. Cf. Ch. Mohrmann, "Le conflit pascal au Ile siécle,"
VigChr 16 (1962): 154—71.
3. This probably refers to Victor's excommunication of Theodotus; see h.e. 5.28.6-7.
4. His death: Chron., A.D 201; see G. La Piana, "The Roman Church at the End of the Second Century," HThR 17 (1925): 201-77.
ON ILLUSTRIOUS MEN
REFERENCES
Q1, 279 — CPG 1338 — EEC 22, 1159, M. P. McHugh — EECh ¢, 86, B.
Studer — LThK 10, 768-69, G. Schwaiger — NCE 14, 646, E. G. Weltin — Kelly, ODP, 12
XXXV. IRENAEUS THE BISHOP
] RENAEUS, A PRIEST of bishop Pothinus who governed the church of Lyons in Gaul,' was sent to Rome as a =2.iii| delegate by the martyrs of that city concerning some questions of the church and brought a letter to bishop Eleutherus? which honored his name.
2. Later, when Pothinus attained the crown of martyrdom for Christ when he was nearly ninety years old, Irenaeus replaced him 2 3. Itis clear that he was a disciple of Polycarp, the bishop and martyr of whom we made mention already.*
4. He wrote Against Heresies, in five books,' a short work, Against the Pagans,® another, On Knowledge," also To brother Marcianus, The Demonstration of the Apostolic
Preaching?® and a Book of Various Discourses, and 7o Blastus, On Schism,® and T Florinus, On the Sole Sovereignty or That God is not the Author of Evils,"° and a famous civTaypa, composition, On the Ogdoad," at the end of which, indicating that he was close to the times of the apostles, he concluded thus:?
5. "I adjure you who will transcribe this work, by our Lord Jesus Christ, and by his glorious coming, when he comes to judge the living and the dead, that you compare what you have transcribed and correct it most diligently with this copy, and that you shall likewise transcribe this oath and put it in the copy."