20: On Propositions in which the Verb 'Become' Occurs

On Propositions with 'Become'

Similarly, it may be clear to the diligent reader that the following consequence is not valid: 'The Son of God begins to be a man; therefore some man begins to be the Son of God'.

Nevertheless, it should be noted that sometimes the saints concede such a proposition, taking it not in its strict and literal sense, but rather in the true sense which they had in mind.

Despite what I have just said, however, it should be noted that whenever two or more incompossible inferiors cannot be truly predicated successively of a thing while the superior remains truly predicable of that thing, then there is always a valid consequence when one argues from such an inferior to such a superior. For example, this follows: 'Socrates begins to be a man; therefore he begins to be an animal'. The reason for this is that it is impossible for anything, while remaining an animal, to be first a man and afterwards not a man, or vice versa. Similarly, in Aristotle's opinion the following is a valid inference: 'Socrates begins to be ra-. tional; therefore Socrates begins to be sentient'. In the same way this follows: 'A donkey begins to be a man; therefore it begins to be an animal'. And yet this does not follow: 'A donkey begins to be black; therefore it begins to be colored'.

20: On Propositions in which the Verb 'Become' Occurs Now just as a proposition containing one of the verbs just discussed has two exponents, so too propositions containing the verb 'become' or some equivalent, such as the expression 'came to be' or 'was made', etc., have two exponents—one presenttense and one pastor future-tense. For example, the proposition 'Socrates becomes white' has these exponents: 'Socrates is white' and 'He was not always white'. Similarly, the proposition

'Socrates will become white' has these exponents: 'Socrates is not white and will not be white for some time' and 'Socrates

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