writers ; St. Paul's riores is reliance upon Christ as the means of salvation in opposition to the
INTRODUCTION.
Kyjpvypa, xjpvé, and xypvoow are none of them ever used in Hebrews.
For the others proportionate numbers are: St. Luke, 27 times; St. Paul, 35 ; all others, 20.
The group xavydopat, kavynua, and xavxnots is almost exclusively Pauline, occurring in his writings 58 times, while it is nearly absent from Hebrews, only xavxyuo being used, and that but once.
These words do not occur in the other New Testament writers except three times in James.
So also AoyiZouar and paxpoOvpia are especially Pauline.
They each occur only once in Hebrews.
The first is found twice, the second not at all in St. Luke; but AoyiZouwar occurs 34 times in St. Paul, four times in other writers, while paxpofvuia is used by St. Paul ten times, and only three times elsewhere.
Mav6dvw is used 16 times by St. Paul, only once each by Hebrews and St. Luke, and seven times elsewhere.
IapaxadAéw and zapaxAyous are much more frequent in St. Paul's writings than elsewhere, but in this case he is more nearly approached by Hebrews than by others — yet with a great difference.
Proportionate numbers are : Hebrews, 81 ; St. Luke, 54 ; St. Paul, 137 ; all others,
22.
The word zpooevyy occurs in Hebrews but once, and zpocevyoua not at all.
This is a noteworthy omission in our epistle, although it is also true that they are not used by St. John, except apocevxy three times in Revelation. The two words are found in St. Luke and St. Paul each 33 times, and in the other writers 43 times.
The words capé and capxtxos are favorites of St. Paul.
They occur seven times in Hebrews, six times in St. Luke, 102 times in St. Paul, and 46 times (of which one-half are in St. John) elsewhere.
Proportionately Hebrews uses them about two-thirds as often as St. Paul, and nearly twice as often as all other writers together.
The group ¢povéw, dpovypa, and ¢povyots is characteristic.
None of them are found at all in Hebrews, and they occur but twice in St. Luke, and twice in the other writers (Matthew, 1, Mark, 1, in parallel passages), both in the record of the words of others ; but St. Paul uses thern 31 times.
(He uses ¢pcvypa, however, only in Romans — four times.) A word used in a figurative sense especially characteristic of St.
John (31 times), @&s, never occurs in Hebrews.
It is used 16 times by St. Luke, 12 times by St. Paul, and ten times by other writers.
It is more or less used by every New Testament writer except the author of Hebrews, and St. Jude in his very short epistle.
Xa/pw is also used by every other writer (St. Luke, 19 times; St. Paul, 27 times), except Hebrews and St. Jude.
St. Paul greatly delights in the word yxapis, and in the idea conveyed by it; he never wrote an epistle without it, and uses it ror times.
In Hebrews it is found eight times, in St. Luke 24, and in all others 22, not occurring in the first two Gospels.
The foregoing list is somewhat long of words characteristic of phases of thought which are especially favorite with St. Paul, and either wholly unused or much less frequently employed in Hebrews.
A corresponding list may be made of other words especially common in Hebrews, but less used by St. Luke and St. Paul.
Before going to this, however, a few words are to be considered which in their frequency of usage are characteristic of all three, or of two of these writers as distinguished from others, although with some differences between them.
Most prominent in this latter class is youos, which we are accustomed to think especially Pauline.
It is indeed used much oftener by St. Paul than by any other writer, yet it also occurs in Hebrews with a frequency distinguishing that Epistle from any other writing.
The proportionate _ numbers are: Hebrews, 162 ; St. Luke, 44 ; St. Paul, 227 ; all others, 33.
Nevertheless, the assimilation here is more apparent than real; for St. Paul employs it chiefly of a method of salvation, while it refers in Hebrews mostly to a definite collection of statutes.
In the same way miovis is usually regarded as a characteristically Pauline word.
It is relatively much more common in Hebrews ; forthe proportionate numbers are : Hebrews, 369 ; St. Luke, 42 ; St. Paul, 262 ; all others,
43.
But here also there is a shade of distinction in the force of the word as used by the two writers ; St. Paul's riores is reliance upon Christ as the means of salvation in opposition to the law and the works of the law, while in the Hebrews it is only a general reliance on God's grace and promises.
Of course, it is not denied that St. Paul sometimes uses a word, so common, in such varied shades of meaning, in a more general way as in 1 Cor. xiii. 2, 13; xvi. 13; 2 Cor. v.