Notabilia Varia
Index V
NOTABILIA VARIA
Aalen, S., Reign, 203 abbreviation of Gospel texts, 94 abbreviations, in MS., 3 Abraham, seal of (i.e. circumcision), 183 accentuation, in MS., 2, 62 Aristotle, Constitution of Athens, attacked as a forgery, 88 n. 1
Archilochus, use of Homer, 143 n. 4 ascension, of Jesus. See Jesus, ascent ascent to the heavens, 216, 226, 229, 230, 236,
237-247, 272, 275; as initiation, 242; by accusative, after είναι, 12; letter's use of, 16;
74, 102, 132 Acts, characteristics, 25 if; relation to Gospels, Jesus' followers, 241 ; connection with spirit,
246, 248; Enoch's, 245; Elijah's, 248; history of, 1 8 1 , 238; in baptism, 179, 181, 245; in 137, 282; secrecy in, 200, 253; two texts of, 93 adjectival use of εις, 99 Christian teaching, 24of; in Judaism, 238f; adjectives, 9; verbal, 13, 15, 54, 75; see also
Isaiah's, 246; Jesus', see Jesus, ascent; magical, 240, 242, 244; Palestinian examples, 238f; epithets adoptionist Christology, 246f Paul's, 238, 24 if; resulted in liberty from the law, 248ff; techniques for, 181, 239, 240, 241, agony (Jesus'), fabulous, 237, 243 agrapha, evidence of oral tradition, 95 Akiba, 252; practiced magic, 220 Alexander of Jerusalem, 285f Alexandria, Christianity in, 36, 56, 82, 85, 271,
242, 244; types, 238, 239; with a companion,
Asia Minor, major source of early Christian literature, 264f Athanasius, vocabulary, 67 276, 281; Gospel text of, 102; relation to secret Mark, 93, 102, 106 atonement (vicarious). See rejection Audollent, A., Defixionum tabellae, 233 n. 13 allegorizations, 186 Alio, E., 1 7gf Amman, E., Protevangile, 190 Angelou, A., 1 Baarda, T., 87, 102, 103, 106, 113, 119, 157
Baird, W., 179 Balaam (Bileam), nickname of Jesus, 230 baptism: terms for, 33, 168; varieties of, 207, 213
- , the Baptist's, 205, 297, 210, 213, 219, angels, called gods, 246 Annand, R., He Was Seen, 165 n. 13 anointing, magical, 223 Antinoiis, 270 antithesis, 13 competition with sacrifice, 208; did not give spirit, 207, 236; differences from Jesus', 213; from Paul's, 215; from Christian, 253; per
Anz, W., Frage, 233 petuated by followers, 174; and in Christianity, 254; source of, 208 - , by entering a cloud (heaven), 244 aorist, 61, 101 (perfective), 133 apocryphal Gospels, relation to canonical, 95,
144, 200; to secret Mk, 95, 132; picture of Jesus, 227 - , Christian, 170, 173, 231; a mystery, 1 78f,
183^ 210; admits to kingdom/Church, 183, Apollonius of Tyana, ascent to the heavens, 242; similarity to Jesus, 222, 224-227 Apollonius Rhodius, use of Homer, 143 n. 4 apologetics (Christian), 156, 257 apologists (Christian), 234 213; (baptism) and burial, 176; and child likeness, 169; and circumcision, 183; and death, 243; and eucharist, 184, 219; and life,
170; and love, 172, 179; and the passion, 173, 217; and possession by the spirit, see spirit; and rebirth, 169; and resurrection, 173^ 177, apostles, accredidation, 24 if; "loss" of their writings, 263 ; see also Peter and others appearance, in Jewish law, 256 Aramaic, behind Mk. andjn. (?), 157, 162; use
1 79, 185, 217, 243, 262; and the spirit, 180, 207, 210, 215, 219, 236, 240 η. 17, 246, 254; ascension in, 179, 181 ; ceremonies, 169, I75f, in magic, 223
INDEX V Boismard, M., Liturgie, 170 Bonner, C., Technique, 223 baptism ( continued ) 1 86; content of, 173; costume for, 116, 1 76f ;
Boobyer, G., Redaction, 178 book-burning, 283 difference from the Baptist's, 253; identifies with Jesus, 187; history in the Church, 183, books, preservation of, 283 Bornkamm, G., 180 231, 240 n. 17, 259, 264; instruction for, 170,
1 71, 173; magical, 232; nocturnal, 175; nudity in, 65, 1 75f, 1 85, 2 1 6 ; origin, 2 1 9, 253 ;
Bousset, W. : Antichrist, 269; Hauptprobleme, 276; Himmelsreise, 239 requirements for, 169, 172, 175, 185; a "seal", boys, as mediums, 223; in early Christianity,
183; substitutionary, 232; terminology, 1 7 1 ; 282; in magic, 223, 242 branding, ears, 268f, 270 Braude, W., 207 "the mystery of the kingdom," 203, 244; underlies Mk. 10.13-45, 167-188 - , Jesus', 1 15, 237, 251, 253; difference from breathings, of MS., 2 the Baptist's, 213; explains Christian practice,
253; explains the coming of the spirit, 252; Bultmann, R., 248; conjecture confirmed, 155;
Geschichte, 2 1 1 ; Johannes, 209 Buonaiuti, E., Fragments, 277 involved ascent to the heavens, 237-247,
240 n. 17; magical, 220-236; "mystery of the kingdom of God" see mystery; origin of, 244; reinterpreted by his followers, 243; related to transfiguration, 243; source of libertinism,
Buri, E., Clemens, 265 burial, costume for, 177 Burkill, A., Revelation, 164 Burkitt, F., Vestigia, 206 n. 2
Burney, C., Origin, 244 259, 262 ; story of, 243 - , of fire, 269 - , Paul's, 1 79f, 2 13-2 19, 240 n. 17; elements
Cadbury, H., 87, iiiff, 120, 123, 190; Case, 146 Calder, W. M. Ill, 6, 9, 1 4G 39, 43, 46, 51, 56, derived from Jesus, 216-250; freed from Mosaic law, 248; led to possession, 215, 217;
58, 67, 87, 99, i o i , 103, 108, 1 14, 1 17, 1 18 Carpocrates: a primitive Christian, 276; and magical, 217, 220-236; rejected by secondcentury Christianity, 264^ secondary ele ments, 216-217; shamanistic, 242; united with Jesus, 215, 217 - , Qumran, 206 n. 3, 219 - , rabbinic, 207, 219 Carpocratians, 266-278; Clement's account of, 46f; commentaries on secret Mk., 90; connection with Alexandria, 82; connection with Jewish Christianity, 268 (Cerinthus),
278; corruption of the Gospel, 89; date, 90, Baptist (the): achievement, 208; beginning of Christian tradition, 206; difference from 267^ Harpocrates, 90; name, 266f; position in lists of heretics, 267; practiced exorcism,
Jesus, 205, 21 1, 213; expected response to, 276; testimonia concerning, 295-350, these
205; importance of, 206; inferior to Jesus' followers, 213; libertine interpretation of, 207 ; discussed, 268-276; the letter's account of,
46f; use of secret Mk., 90; use of a secret rite peculiar, 207; polemic against, 174, 206,
2ogf, 219; role in relation to the Kingdom, Gospel, 46; works on, 276-278 Carpocratianism: based on magic, 276f; diversi
205-208; see also baptism, the Baptist's Barnabas, 257, 267, 276 fication, 267, 277; Platonic traits, 268; primitive Christian traits, 27 if; sources, 273;
Barrett, C., 248; Things Sacrificed, 265 Bartimaeus, 188 Basilideans, 29 testimonia, 268-276 Carpocratians, 11, 13, 16, 79, 173, 185,
266-278; accused of magic, 47; appeal to Salome, igof; attacks on, 47, 58, 273f; cause
Basilides, 90, 272, 277 Bauer, W., 180; Rechtglaubigkeit, 252 Baumstark, A., Lazarusakten, 174 of scandal, 274; Clement's account of, 273; commentaries on secret Gospels, 90; com munism, 274; connection with Ebionites, 276;
Beasley-Murray, G., Baptism, 209 Beelzebub, nickname of Jesus, 229 decline of, 82, 287; denial of resurrection, 186; denial of virgin birth, 191 ; disappearance of,
"beloved disciple," 119, 253 Ben Stada, 269; nickname of Jesus, 230 Benoit, A., Bapteme, 264 275; diversification, 267, 277; doctrine of creation, 273; equalitarianism, 273; founder,
84; importance of, 82, 270, 272f, 275; in Irenaeus, 272; literature, 276; nicknamed
Benoit, P., 1 13, 120, 141 Bethany, 99, 129, i52ff Betz, O., Proselytentaufe, 206 n. 3
Bickerman, E., 6, 27, 55, 67, 142k, 230, 283 Bieler, L., ΰεΐος άνήρ, 228 Bieneck, J., Sohn, 228 "Harpocratians" (?), 65; practice of magic,
90; promiscuity, 273; relation to Salome, 12 1 ; reports of, 64, 274; secret books, 91 ; source of doctrine, 84, 273f, 277; testimonia concerning, binding by Satan, magical, 223 body of Messiah. See Church 295-350; text of secret Gospel, 64, 91; their
4X3
NOTABILIA VARIA
tamination of his quotations from Scripture, Carpocratians ( continued ) 89, 98, 1 T4> 353ff> 388f; demonology, 45, 47; agapai, 273; theology, 27of (Platonic traits),
276; (these overestimated), 273f, 277 (Gospel basis); use of centos, 142; of Gospels and agrapha, 274, 277; of Paul, 274; of secret
Mk., 89, 142 Carrington, P., 97 catacombs, pictures of Jesus in, 227 catechumens, 26; instruction of, 175, 200; exegesis, 8, 22 ("Babylon" = Rome), 58ff,
79 ·, floruit, 89; forms of citation, 52, 55, 5gf, 62f, 656 72f, 79; gnostic traits, 19, 29; Greek style, gf, i2ff, i8f, 39, 46, 54, 57f, 67 (vocabu lary), 7of, 72 (variation), 73f (prepositions),
75» 76» 35 lf; inaccuracy, 353ff, 368f; knowl edge of the letter, 83; letters collected, 285; manuscript tradition, 98, 286; metaphors, 1 1, initiation of, 44 Celsus. See references to Origen, Contra Celsum,
12, 18, 56, 57, 59, 71-72; motives, 90; notions — of baptism, 168, of Christian tradi tion, 37, of Christianity, 80, of gnosis, 31, 34, in Index III censorship, in the N.T., 146, 165 n. 12, 265; of apocryphal texts, 185; of early Christian literature, 279, 286f; of Gospel material, 103,
36, 4of, 56, 8of, of "the true gnostic," 34, 53, 5gf, of the spirit, 59, of teaching, 34f, of truth,
80; on the dangers of writing, 31 ; on the use 122, 1 7 if, 1 76f, 184, 188-192, 258 centos, 1 4 1 fF of oaths, 53; plays on words, 14, 72; practice of secrecy, 26, 35, 36, 41, 54, 56, 57, 60, 61, 81,
Cerinthus, connected with Carpocrates, 268 Chadwick, H., 6, 60, 64, 67, 80, 232; Alexandrian
83, 103; relation to Origen, 284^ selfcontradiction, 84; spuria, 286; unpopularity,
Christianity, 278; St. Paul, 55 children of light, 59, 80 286; uses — of Christian material, 31, of mystery terminology, 44f, of Papias, 22, of Christian teaching, 26, 34-35 Christianity: a mystery religion, 201; a secret
" Peter," 28, of Philo, 1 o, 54, 73 ; of quotations, 58; of scriptures, 18, 58, 79, O.T., 9, 78,
Genesis, Proverbs, and Pss., 55f, N.T., 1 1, 77, society, 201 ; approval of deception, 54; early evidence (predominantly Anatolian and Pauline), 263ff, loss of, 284; early history, 263,
266; elements concealed by the N.T., 252; in Alexandria, see Alexandria; in Egypt, 94, 19 1,
Mk., 98, 168 (cp. 79, interest in Mk. 9-10), 353ff, 368f, Paul, 12, Peter, 28; veracity, 14,
49» 53ff> 6of> δ3» 353ff> 368f Clementine Homilies, 88 n. 1
Columbia University Seminar for the Study of 279ff (Jewish 280); in Syria, 268; in Jerusa lem, 256, 263; initiation into, see initiation; instruction in, see instruction; libertinism in, the New Testament, 87 commentaries on Gospels by early Christians, 90 communism in primitive Christianity, 172, 274 confessions of faith, 154, 171 see libertinism; persecutions of, see persecu tions; rival parties, 256-264; role of magic in, see magic; secrecy in, see secrecy; sects known conflict stories. See dispute stories contamination of Gospel texts. See harmonization
Corinthian church: knew Philo (?), 215 n. 6 to Celsus, 26gf; tradition begins from the Baptist, 206 Christians: accused of magic, 234; freed from civil law, 189; given over to Satan, 260; not cosmic powers equated with Jewish observances, crasis, 14
politically subversive, 234; practiced magic, 23of; why persecuted, 234 Church: body of the Messiah, literally, 215;
Crates, 176 creed : place in baptismal service, 1 73 crucifixion: relation to kingdom secondary, 205
Cullmann, O., Baptism, 169 organization of, 3 if, 42, 47, 81; the present kingdom, 254 circumcision, 180-183 citation, ancient, from memory, 143 cures (miraculous/magical), 225 curses (magical), 231 Clasen, U., Arkandiziplin, 279 clausulae, 19, 75, 35 if Curzon, R., Visits, 288 Cyprus, 276 Clement of Alexandria: acceptance of "noncanonical" works, 37, 78, 92; account of origin of Mk., 19, 27; of secret Mk., 92ff;
Danielou, J., Theologie, 278; Traditions, 237 n. 15
Danker, F., Lk. 16.16, 236 darke shalom, in Jewish law, 257 dative, 74 attitudes — to gnostics, 8off, to Carpocratians,
19, 58, 82, to libertines, 9, to Nicolaitans, 1 1, to Judaism, 7, to Mk., 22, to oral tradition, 31,
David, son of. See son death: connection with baptism, 243 to secret Mk., 92, 194; author of the letter, 76, not of secret Mk., 77 ; claim to secret tradition, deification, 238 ; by initiation, 245 ; magical, 229 ; of Christians, 34 29, 36, 37; classical reminiscences, 56, 79Γ,
Homer, 46, 70, Plato, 15, 54, 70; complacency, deity in disguise (motif), 201, 225f 80; connection with Palestine, 7, 285; con
4l4
INDEX V esoterism. See secrecy Delatte, A., i Essenes, practice of secrecy, 198 demons, 45, 48; power over, 225 descent from heaven in disguise (motif), 179, eucharist, 210; called a mystery, 179; basis for 216, 226, 246 libertinism, 259; Carpocratian, 273; connec tion with persecutions, 234; not from Dialogue of Jason and Papiscus, 78 Dibelius, M., Structure, 140 "normative" Judaism, 218; magical, 2i8f,
226; not from the mystery cults, 218; role in Christianity, 231 ; similarities to baptism, 219; union with Jesus, 218 Dietzel, A., Beten, 232 Dimaras, C., 1 diminuitive, in Mk., ill, 128 Dionysius bar Salibi, 174 Dionysius of Corinth, 94 Dionysus, 8, 18 1 Eusebius: relation to the letter, 33, 286 exegesis, 8f, 137; Carpocratian, 259, 269, 272f,
277; Christian, 171, 176, 208, 241, 244, 269, disciple, the beloved. See beloved 273, 285; Clement's, see Clement, exegesis;
Jewish, 180, i82f, 208, 244; libertine, 258, disciples, described, 112; stories told of them told also of Jesus, 137, 282 dispute stories, 16 1, 272 261 ; Philonic, 215 η. 6 exorcism, 115, 175 (Christian), 223, 225, 231 divine paternity, in magic, 224 docetism, 259, 26if (Jewish-Christian), 258 faith: in magic, 223; increased by learning, 25;
Dodd, C., Close, 162; Fourth Gospel, 209; Frame work, 94, 162; Herrnworte, 95; Historical meaning of, 229; salvation by, denied, 26of; vs. reason, 15, 80 Farrer, A., 97 Tradition, 96, 140, 143^ 155, 162, 209, 230;
New Gospel, 142Ϊ; Parables, 236 Dolger, F., Sphragis, 269 doubling characters, a Gospel practice, 153 dramatic irony, in Jn. and Mk., 155, 163 dressing and undressing, allegorized, 176
Duplacy, J., Oil en est, 95 Dura Europos, 186 fasting, 21 1 ; in magic, 223 de Faye, E., Gnostiques, 277 feeding (miraculous/magical), 225; of the multitude, 210 Fendt, L., Mysterien, 277 "finger of God," in magic, 223 Flemington, W., Doctrine, 207, 209 Flusser, D., Sect, 206 n. 3 footwashing (Johannine), 210 foreknowledge (miraculous/magical), 225 ears, branding, 268ff Easter ceremonies, i68f, 175 Ebion, 269 Ebionites, 2 1 7, 268 (connected with Carpoforgeries, 88 n. 1 ; betrayed by excessive paral crates), 276 lelism, 138; eighteenth century, 85 n. 8; New
Testament and other, 138; origin of, 26 Eckhardt, K., Tod, 165 n. 10 forgiveness of sins, 2 1 1 form criticism, alternate approach to, 149
"economic behaviour," 54
Egerton Papyri, 133, 142k formulae, baptismal, 116, 177; composition in, Egypt, Christianity in, 94, 191, 279-281 ; see also
Alexandria 144; epistolary, 7, 61, 65, 73; Lukan, 12 1; Markan, 99, io6ff, no, 112, 114, 118, 189;
Matthaean, ioof, 107, 116; mnemonic, 171; synoptic, 99 Einarson, B., 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 28, 30, 35, 49, 61,
66f, 289 Eitrem, S., Demonology, 223 Eliade, M., Shamanism, 224 freedom: from civil law, 189; from Mosaic law,
Elijah, 239, 248 Elisha, 248 21 1, 213, 216, 248-251, 255f, 259, 262, 264 Freudenberger, R., Verhalten, 234 Friichtel, L., 6, 67 Elisha ben Abuyah, 248, 250 n. 19
Enoch, 10, 78; ascent to heaven, 245; trans gardens, burial in, 105 figured, 246; legend, 262; relation tojn., 248,
to Phil. 2.5-1 1, 245 enthronement in the heavens, 238 Genesis, Clement's use of, 55 genitive, 73C ablatival, 15; absolute, 45;
Ephesians, authenticity of, 146 Ephraem Syrus, 1 74 Epiphanes, 46, 266f, 273 epistolography, 7, 42, 61, 81, 286; see also adjectival, 9; explicative, 12 Gerasene demoniac, 148 Gethsemane scene: relation to transfiguration, gezerah shawah, 137 formulae, epistolary epithets, patristic, 7 Erhard, A., Kloster, 288 Glaucias (Peter's interpreter), 29 gnosis, given by instruction, 34; types of, 36 gnosticism, 26, 1 7 1 , 231, 277 escapes (miraculous/magical), 225
MOTABILIA VARIA
Herod Agrippa I, 255 gnostics, ii, 14; accused of envy, 41, 92; appeals hiatus, 4, 14, 66, 75 to apostolic authorities, 29, 49; = CarpoHilgenfeld, A., Ketzergeschichte, 276
"historical" explanations, 164 hitzonim, 197 cratians, 92; in lists of heretics, 268; reaction ary, 240 η. 17; secret books of, 43; use of Paul, 265 homosexuality, 154, 185 God, doctrine of, 171; image of, 226; kingdom
Hornshuh, A., Anjange, 48 of, see kingdom; knowledge of, magical, 226; located in heavens, 203 Huffmann, Sources, 162 human sacrifice, in magic, 234 "gods": include angels, 246 Goguel, M., Persecutions, 172 Goldammer, K., Schamanismus, 243 Goodenough, E., 177; Jewish Symbols, 215 n. 6;
Hymenaeus and Alexander, 260; and Philetus,
I am, in magic, 226 Iannes and Iambres, 260 Gospels, apocryphal. See apocryphal Gospels
Gospels, characteristics of: concentration on Iliad: formulae in, 144; internal parallels, 378f image of god, magical, 226 "imitation," by secret Mk., 144 imperfect, 133 Jesus, 134, doubling minor characters, 153, eliminating Jesus' emotions, 104, 154 (and companions, 134, and manual labor, 158, Jesus conceived as a deity in disguise, 201, as impurity, not sin, 208 incest, 269; connection with magic, 234 initiation: by ascent to the heavens, 242; a hierophant, 80), naming unnamed charac ters, 120, 153, relating unrelated characters,
Christian, 30, 168, 175, 179, 180, 199, 201, 12 1, i53f, telling stories in various versions,
231, 237, 242, 257, 283 (see also baptism); Jewish, 1 8 1 ; magical, 221, 269; pagan, 244 intermediaries, in Roman imperial thought, i48f, stories mostly not messianic, 227; magic in, 224ff; originally exoteric, 251 ; parallels to Mk., 373ff, to Mt., 376f, to secret Mk.,
1 35-44, 37off; pretended autographs, 42f; question of priority comparatively unimpor tant, 96; read to catechumens, 44; relation to 27of instruction, Christian, 170, 173, 200, 258 invisibility (miraculous/magical), 225 Irenaeus, 16, 95, 96 tradition, 95f; texts, corruption, by con tamination, 353ff, 357-367, 368f, by expan irony. See dramatic irony Isaiah, ascent to the heavens, 246 Ishodad of Merv, 6 sion, 94, by harmonization, see harmonization, by interpolation, 97 ; why preserved, 94
Gottstein, M., Traits, 206 n. 3
Grant, F., Idea, 203 Jacob of Sama, 230 Jaeger, W., 6, i2f, 18, 23, 26ff, 38, 67;
Christianity, 38 Grant, R., 6, 67, 141 ; Gnosticism, 265, 278 Gregoire, H., Persecutions, 234 Gregory of Nyssa, 38 Grundmann, W., 169 Ja'irus' daughter, 1 47f James, Jesus' brother ("the Just"), 29, 255^ 263
Jeremias, J., Gleichnisse, 178; Herrenworte, devastated by Koster, 96 ; Jerusalem, 1 98
Hadas, M., 6, 67; and Smith, M., Heroes and Jericho, 188 Jerusalem, Christian parties in, 256ff, 263
Gods, 228 Jervell, J., Imago, 246 Jesus: accused of homosexuality (?), 154, of hand, used in miracles, 109, 110, 129, 158, 223 harmonization of Gospel texts, 98f, 1038 108, magic, 229f, 269; agony (fabulous), 237, 243; ancient opinions of, 209, 229-231, 271; arrest, 237; ascent to the heavens, 24 iff, 245, ii2ff, 1 17, 122, i35ff, 183, 353ff, 357-369
Harnack, A. von, 22, Pistis Sophia, 233 Harpocrates, 278; = Carpocrates, 90 Harpocratians (Carpocratians), 65 Harvey, W. : conjectures confirmed, 16, 83
Hawkins, J., Horae, 99, 128 heavens, ascent to, descent from. See ascent and 247f; attitude to the law, 249-251 ; attraction for followers, 224, 252; baptism of, 243f; baptisms by, see baptism; baptized his followers, 209-213; birth stories, igof, 271; brothers, 256; compared with pagan gods, descent heavens, the kingdom of God, 203f Hebrews (Christian), 262 Hebrews, Gospel according to. See Gospel i54f; conceived as a hierophant, 80; deity in disguise, 201, 225; difference from the Baptist, 205 (cf. 209), 21 1, 213; differences from other religious types — messiahs, 227, preachers, 21 1, 224, prophets, 205, 21 1, 227,
Helios, in Jewish prayers, 220 Hellenists (Christian), 262 heresies, Samaritan and Jewish, 268, 270 rabbis, 227; disagreement about 201; ex heretics, lists of, 267, 296f pected response to, 21 if; followers — admitted
INDEX V Judas Iscariot, 202 Jude, 8, 10, 79 Jesus ( continued ) to the Kingdom, 210, 212, 236, claimed ascent to the heavens, 24 iff, displaced by converts, 191, freed from the law, 256, greater than the Baptist, 213, practiced magic,
Kasemann, E., Analyse, 246, 262; Ketzer, 253 keys, to the heavens, 221; see also kingdom of God, keys of Khirbet Mird, 288 Kilpatrick, G., 114 199, 221-236; iconography of, 227; legal authority, 250 n. 19, 272; letters to Peter and Paul, 230; libertine, 262; link between the kingdom of God, 202-213; already entered,
Baptist and Paul, 204; Gospels' treatment of, 2i2f; both present and future, 203; entrance see Gospels; "loss" of his writings, 263; love life, 1 19, 137, 172, 190, 226, 251; magician, of, 203, 2i2f, 236, 242, 262, 273; in the heavens, 203^ 236, 241 ; replaced by Church,
1 19, 221-237; messiah, 227; miracles (magical parallels), 222, 224ff; name, used in magic,
254; Jesus' role in, 203ff, 2ioff, 236; keys of, 203f, 225, 231; local, 203; mystery of, see mystery; presence of, 205, 21 iff, 247, 250, in the Church, 203, 213, 254; relation to passion and resurrection, 205; suffers violence,
230; nicknamed Beelzebub, 229; not a penitent, 21 1 ; notion of himself, 246; prophet,
227; rabbinization of, 250; relations — to the Baptist, see Baptist, to Carpocratians, 27 iff, to Joshua ben Perahya, 230, to libertines, 262,
Klijn, A., Question, 1 93f Klostermann, E., 180 to prophets, 225, to the spirit, 219-224, 229,
252f; religious teachings, 224, 226; resem blance — to Apollonius of Tyana, 222, 224ff, to Simon Magus, 235, 272 (see also differences) ; knowledge, magical, of God, 226; relation to libertinism, 25pf role in the kingdom, 203ff, 21 off, 236; secret
Koster, H., 87, io8f; ΓΝΩΜΑΙ, 262; Haretiker, 257; on Jeremias, 96; Vberlieferung, 95 Kournoutos, G., 1 teachings, 199-202, 204, 25of, 272; shamanistic traits, 224; Son of God, 221; source of Kraft, H., Gab, 278 libertinism, 262f, of Pauline baptism, 2 1 7-250 ; stories told of him told also of his disciples,
Kragerud, A., Lie b ling sj linger, 253 Kretschmar, G., 278 Kutter, H., 78 137, 282; thought to be the Baptist, 209; transfiguration, see transfiguration; union with, 2 1 7ff ; why a scandal, 229; worshiped as a magician, 227 Jewish revolts: effect on Christianity, 263
Jews: denunciation of Christians, 234; in Jn., Ladd, G., Reign, 202f ladders to the heavens, 241 Lampe, G., 6, 67, 168 n. 15 law, freedom from. See freedom law (rabbinic), connection with magic, 250 n. 19
Lazarus, 99, 104^ 107, 109, 119, 121, 124, 1 47f, 154; practice of magic, 220.
Jezebel (of Thyatira), 11, 261, 268 John (apostle) : secret tradition, 29 John (evangelist): apologetics, 154, 156; charac
153, 155» 1 57? 165 η. io, 1 74f, 184 Lazarus story: connection with baptism, 173, teristics, 155; claim to secret teachings, 200;
1 74, with prophecies of passion, 1 73 ; magical traits, 224; parallels to resurrection, 163;
"historical" explanations, i53ff; partisan, 256; polemic against the Baptist, 174, 209,
219; self-contradiction, 209; style and motives, 1 53ff ; treatment of his sources, relation to secret Mk., 148-158 legalists/ism (Christian), 256ff, 263 Legg, S., 98 152-163; use of dramatic irony, 155, 163, of letter, the: attitude to gnostics, 82; authorship,
"misunderstanding," 153; use of "the Jews,"
I54f Jn. (Gospel) : parallels to, 120; phraseology, 120; 67-85, 287; characteristics compared with Clement's, 67-85; classical reminiscences, 45,
80; commentary on, 5-66; content, 77-85; polemic against the Baptist, 174, 209, 219; relations — to Mk. 1 56ff (common source), date, 31, 33, 85 n. 9, 285, 287; destination,
285; disappearance, 287; heading, 77, 286; 158-163 (parallelism), 161 (independence),
194, to Lk., 162, to Q., 120, to secret Mk., 98 history of, 285-290; inculcation of secrecy, 81 ; language, 67-76, 380-389 (vocabulary) ; manuscript of, see manuscript; not a cento,
(stylistic), 119, 124, 127, 132, 136, 149-163, to Synoptics, 96; secrecy in, 200; sources, i56ff (of 10. 40-1 1 .54), i6off (of 6.1-19.42); two editions of, 93; vocabulary, 127 John of Damascus, 6, 285^ 288 John the Baptist. See Baptist Joshua ben Perahya, relation to Jesus, 230
Judaism, a mystery religion, 181, 197 76; not interpolated, 76; notion of Christiani ty, 80; origin, 48, 285; purpose, 3 iff; relation to Ignatius, 289, to secret Mk., 77; statements confirmed, 83; style, 67-76, 35 if; use of "gnosis," 8of, of scripture, 77ff letters, collection of: in early Christianity, 286
NOTABILIA VARIA
Levi, 238 Mar Saba: history, 287ff; library, 288f Marcellina, 267 Levy, L, Legende, 228 Marcion, 171, 268 Marcosians, 1 7 1 libertines/ism, 9, 1 1 , 8 1 f, 207, 2 1 1 , 247, 250 n. 1 9,
26gf, 272, 278; connection with persecutions, Mark (evangelist) : connection with Alexandria,
261, 284; evidence for, 254-264; exegesis, 258, 261; extent and date, 258fF, 266, 270; 33, with Egypt, 31, 28of, with Peter, 22, 29,
33; traditions about, 79, 83; works attributed to, 35, 37 history — source, 254, 2626, decline, 270, disappearance, 283; opposition to, 215, by Mk. (Gospel) : preservation in several forms,
Paul, 245, in N.T., 258-261; practices — 258, neglect of food laws, 261, nocturnal cere monies, 260, prophesy, 258, 261, refusal to 92ff, including Mt. and Lk., 94, 145 Mk. (Gospel, canonical) : connection with work, 258, secrecy, 258, 263, sexual license,
Egypt, 280, with Rome, 280; dramatic irony, 259ff; relation to Garpocratians, 277; 163; esoteric traits, 93; history — 97, 194, 280, origin, 19, g2ff, abbreviated, 92, 94, 163-193, expanded, 93, 145, two editions?, 93, har monization, 98, influence on Western text, teachings, 258-262; use of Paul's, baptismal doctrine, 265 Liboron, H., conjecture confirmed, 83; Karpokratianische Gnosis, 277
Lieberman, S., 176, 207 Lietzmann, H., Korinther, 215 n. 6.
168, popularity with gnostics, 16, neglect by "orthodox," i43f, pretended autograph, 43;
"primitive traits," 140; purpose, 83, for supplementary teaching, 166; realistic details, life, as goal, 170 Logos, incarnate (in Moses and Jesus), 215 n. 6;
1 40 ; relations— to canonical Gospels, 138-14^ union with, 217 145, 373-376, to Jn., 158-163, 194, to Paul,
166, to secret Mk., 97, 138-141, 1446, 193E secrecy in, 200; sources, 162; structure, 97,
Lohmeyer, E., 21 1 love: of the truth, 14; union by, 226; see Jesus, love life 168; style — 98-135, 357-367, diminutives, iii, 128, grammar, 134, pleonasm, 108, 110,
128, position of verbs, 134, repetition, 103, Luke (evangelist), 78; apologetics, 257; claim to secret teachings, 200; editorial activity,
258; knowledge of secret Mk., 188; relation to Paul, 29; treatment of Mk., 143, 167; unreliability, 25 if 1 1 of, 1 14, 1 1 7, 124, 1 36f, 177, tenses, 133, ver bosity, 140, vocabulary, 127; suitability for secret rites, 93; text, 353-369; theological patterns, i65ff; unreliability, 164; use by Clement, 353^ 368f Lk. (Gospel): agreements with Jn., 162; an expanded text of Mk., 94, 145; relation to Mk., 143, 167, to secret Mk., 114, 121, 128,
Mk. (Gospel, secret) : Clement's knowledge/ 1 3 1 ; secrecy in, 200; sources, 258; style, report of, 91, 194; connection with Salome,
90; content, 91; date, 8gf, 123, 135, 145; 357-367 disappearance, 94, 283^ history, use and influenGe, gof, 123 (liturgical), 1 74f, 192,
280-285; influence on Western text, 99, 104, 106, 1 10, ii2f, 122, 135, 137, 164η., 1 68 ;
Machen, J., Origin, 248 magic: connection with Carpocratianism, 27 if, with halakah, 250 η. 1 9, with libertinism,
258ff, with women, 270; criminal, 220; origin, 77 (not by author of letter), g2ff, 135,
1 4 1 fE (not a cento), 142 (not gnostic); parallels to the Gospels, 123, 135144, 148,
37off; preservation, 91, 123 (why secret, 184); extent — in Christianity, 227, 23off, in Judaism, 181, 2i7ff, 220, 247, 270, in paganism, 220, 239, 242, in Palestine, 2176,
2i9> 235> in the Gospels, 154, 223-227; purpose, 91; relations — closer to canonical than apocryphal Gospels, 95, ignores Mt., language ("magical words"), 232f; meaning of the term, 220; papyri, 229; practiced by Lk., and Jn., 145, known to Mt. (and Lk?),
102, 107, 1 1 9, 121, 145, 172, 188, 281, relation to baptismal service, 184^ to Jn., 1 19,
Jesus, 199, 221-236, by Paul, 260; relation to miracles, 223-227, to mysteries, 218; religious side of, 222, 226-229 magician: image of god, 226; meaning, 220,
124, 127, 132, 136, 148-163 (to Lazarus story, 148-158, more primitive than Jn.'s source,
1 56-158, independent, 148-158), to Lk., 114, 228, 229; realtion to, Ρεϊος άνηρ and "son of god," 227-229 magicians, messianic, 235 (see also Jesus);
1 2 1, 128, 1 3 1 , to Mt., 1 3 if, to canonical Mk., 92 (Clement's story), 97, 123, 1388) 144^
164 (explains 10.48), 167-188 (to Mk.
10.13-45), 172 (explains 10.21), 177 (explains I4-51)* 1 93f (summary); style, 70, 76, 98-135
(grammar, 1336, phraseology, 1306, position of verbs, 134, repetition, 116, tenses, 133, religious teachings, 226 Manousakas, M., 1 manuscript of the letter: origin, 289; palaeog raphy, 2f, 293 manuscripts: correction of, 289; survival, 288f
INDEX V Mk. (Gospel, secret) ( continued ) Munck, J., 6, 22, 24, 27f, 33, 36f, 47, 67, 85, 287
Muratorian canon, 22 vocabulary, 70, 124b 380-389) ; stylistic data, mysteries (rites): Christian, 44, 80, 88, 93, iggf;
135, their value, 146; texts — Carpocratian Eleusinian, 8; means of resurrection, 181; and "orthodox," gif, 185, corrupted by har monization, 98, 1 14, 1 35ff, 183, fragment in Origen on Mt. (?), 123 Mk. (longer text). See Mk. (Gospel, secret)
Mk. (shorter text). See Mk. (Gospel, canonical) Mesopotamian, 182; relation — to baptism,
217, to Christianity, 38, 200, to the eucharist, 218, to Judaism, 181, 197; terminology, 24,
36, 38, 40, 44 (in Clement and Philo). See Mk. 9—10 + secret Mark: influence on West μυστήριον in Index IV mystery of Israel, 181 ; of the kingdom of God, ern text, 168; interest for Clement, 353ff,
1 1 7, 178-184 (baptism), 236, 242, 244, 251 (content) 368f Markan formulae. See formulae, Markan Marsh, H., 44 martyrs, acts of, 234 Naassenes, 171, 277 Marxsen, W., 97 Mary and Martha, 154, 190 Mary Magdalene, 12 1, igof Mary, mother of James and Joses, 121, igof
Mary, mother of Jesus, 121 Mary of Klopas, 121 Massaux, E., 98 names: magical, 230, 246; of demons, 223 naming unknown characters (a Gospel practice),
120, 152 Nautin, P., Lettres, 6 Nesbitt, C., Bethany, 99 New Testament (N.T.), partisan and misrepresentative, 252, 265; predominantly
Pauline, 263!!
Nicholas, 262 Matthew (evangelist) : interest in proskynesis, 1 01; knowledge of secret Mk., 102, 107, 119,
121, 145, 172, 188; treatment of Mk., 102, Nicolai'tans, 8, 1 1 , 79, 26 if Nineham, D., Order, 162 Nock, A. D., i, 6, i off, 1 5G 23ff, 28ff, 33, 36,
143, 167 Mt. (Gospel) : an expanded text of Mark, 94, 145; parallels to canonical Gospels, 3 76f; relation to secret Mk., 13 if; secrecy in, 200;
41 f, 44, 47, 49, 52, 55, 57f, 61, 65, 67, 87f, 9 if, 105, 216, 287; Mysteries, 45; Mysterion, 180 nocturnal ceremonies, 175 style, 357-367 Mayeda, G., Leben-Jesu-Fragment, 95 Mehat, A., Etude, 6; Ordres, 34f Meleager of Gadara, 257 Merkabah literature, 198 messiahs: called magicians, 235 messiahship: irrelevant to most Gospel stories,
Notopoulos, J., Hymns, 144 nudity, 1 75T, 185; allegorized, 65; in baptism, 65, 216; in initiations, 221 ; in magic, 223
Oksala, P., 49 Ophites, 268, 277 optative, 13, 14 "Messianic secret" in secret Mk., 164; in Mk.
200ff Metatron, 246 Origen: apologetic misrepresentation, 269; belief that the evangelists concealed secret
Metzger, B., 78 n. 6 minim, 197 teachings, 24, 36; commentary on Mk., 123; ignorance of secret Mk., 284^ relation to Clement, 284f miracle stories: apologetic traits, 153, 156;
Osborn, E., Teaching, 32 growth, 153, 155, 158; magical traits, 222227; ofjesus, 222, 224ff; types, 139, 1 47f miracles: in response to intercession, 147, palaeography of MS, 2f, 293 magical, 222-227; see also resurrection mnemonic formulae. See formulae, mnemonic
Mondesert, C., 6, 10, 24, 26f, 37, 44f, 46, 52f, 67; Palestine, magic in, 217, 219 Papias, 22f, 90, 95, 96 Clement, 36 papyri, magical, 229 parallels, between and within Gospels: signi
Mosaic law, freedom from. See freedom Moses, 238; ιΐεΐος άνηρ, 228; incarnate logos, ficance, 138; varieties, 139, I48f (non synoptic) 215 n. 6; magician, 181 Mossbacher, H., 74 mother of the sons of Zebedee, 10 if, 12 1
Parker, P., 87, 123, 132, 139, i48f, 280; Gospel, 102, 127, 138 Parry, M., Studies, 144 Moule, C., 33, 35, 87, 105, 1 15, 121 mountain of God, the, 238 mountains: sites of revelation, 238 participles, 33, 73, 118; redundant, 101 passion: connection with baptism, 173, 217;
Muller, H., Verklarung, 243 prophecies of, 1 73, 202 4*9
NOTABILIA VARIA
Paul: ascent to the heavens, 241; baptismal purity (ritual) : factor in reshaping Gospel stories?, 158 doctrine, see baptism, Paul's; common sense,
264; friend of Theodas, 29; influence, 263!!; Pythagoras, 228 letters esoteric, 251; magical powers, 23of,
260; mediating position, 254, 263; mis represented by opponents, 262 ; notion of Jesus, 201, 246; on law and liberty, 257, 259,
Q., 21 1, 212; disappearance of, 284, 287; relation to Jn., 1 20 Quispel, G., Syrian Thomas, 247 Qumran, 166, 173, 181, 206 n. 3; 208 n. 4, 239,
262 (opponent of libertines), 264; persecution of Christians, 255; practice of secrecy, 180,
240, 288; secrecy in, 29, 197 201, 251, 257; relation to James, 263, to Mk., 166; schizoid, 232; similarities to Carpocrates, 272; social teaching, 264; source
Rabba: said to have practiced magic, 220 rabbinic parallels, 40 of secret tradition, 2gf; use of μυστηριοη, i8o
Paulinism: reasons for its triumph, 263^ "rare" words, 49 rabbinic use of μυστήριον , 1 8 1 f second-century rejection of Paul's baptismal doctrine, 264ff raz = mystery, i8of rebirth, 246
peace with neighbors: in Jewish law, 257 perfect, frequency of the, 39, 51, 75 perfection, attainment of, 34 persecutions of Christianity, 234, 254^ 284
Reitzenstein, R., 238 rejection-and-vicarious-atonement pattern (?), i65ff religious teaching: by magicians, 226; of Jesus,
Peter, 255, 257, 263; appearance to, 165 n. 13; his interpreter Glaucias, 29; magical powers,
231; relation to Mark, 22, 33; source of reminiscences (verbal) : not reliable evidence of dependence, 96, 99-118, 120, 132, 148 repetition of words, when returning to a source secret tradition, 29; works attributed to, 28,
Pharisees, 198, 255^ 263 after interpolation, i54f resurrection: allegorized, 64, 186; Christian
Philo, 10, 44, 54 (Clement's debt to), 68 practice of, 185; connection with baptism,
(vocabulary), 181, 215 n. 6, 217, 280 philosophy, claim of secret teachings, 26, 38
Phokylides, I., Laura, 288f Plato, 15 177, 185, 217, 243, 262; costume for, 177;
(bodily) denied by Carpocratians, 271 n. 20, by libertines, 259^ how effected, 64, 181; iconography, 157; magical, 221, 225; moral consequences, 255; relation to kingdom, 205, to transfiguration, 243f; stories of, 156, 163 pleonasm: in Gospels, 1 1 3 ; in Mk., 108, 110,
128, 358, 367 possession by spirits, 2i5ff, 2i9flf, 224, 252f; see (parallel), 1 736, 225; third day vs. fourth day, also baptism, Christian, and baptism, Paul's prayer: in magic, 221, 223, 232f; Christian,
163 n. 8
Reumann, J., 6, 14, 29, 54, 59, 67, 70, 87 revelation, magical, 226 Richard, M., 1, 6, 67 232f Preisendanz, K., 233 n. 10
Preisker, H., 170 Richardson, C., 6, 33, 52f, 67, 87, 161 n. 7, 168, prepositions, 73f presbyters, 47f 175, 189, 195, 209, 271 n. 20
Riesenfeld, Η., ΠΑΡΑ, 2o3 present, historical, 101, 115, 133, 357, 36sf pronouncement stories, 198 Rigaux, B., 180 Roberts, C., 7, 8, 12, 30, 39, 53 pronouns, 112 (personal, in Mk.), 120 (pleonas
Robinson, F., Gospels, igof tic personal), 357f Robinson, J., Problem, 228 Robinson, W., Survey, 170 Ropes, J., 17 Ruwet, J·, 78 property: abandonment required for baptism,
1 72 prophecies of passion and resurrection, 1 73 (credal), 202 prophecy, 225 sacrifice, undercut by baptism, 208 Sadducees, 255 prophets, libertine, 258, 261; Jesus' difference from, 205, 21 1, 227 proselytes, 207 Salome, 70, 90, loif, ngff, 129, 166 n. 14, iSgfT, 270 proskynesis, 101 Samaritans, practice of secrecy, 29, 198
Proverbs (O.T. book), 9; Clement's use of, 55f; Satan, 244, 26of; binding by, 223; Christians cited as "the Wisdom of God," 55
Psalms: Clement's use of, 55 Ptolemaeus, 1 7 1 given over to, 231 Schapiro, M., 157
INDEX V Schippers, R., 6, 62, 67, 87, 101, 104, 112, 114, spirit, 229, 252; gift of the, 210, 248; gifts of the,
118, 121, 157 224 (deification), 232, 246, 252f, 264; possessed by magicians, 221; relation to ascension, 246, 248, to baptism, 207, 210, 215, schizophrenia, in early Christianity, 232, 252f
Scholem, G., 195, 237 n. 15; Gnosticism , 40, 240 Schrade, H., Ikonographie, 244 Scouvaras, V., if 219, 236, 240 η. 17, 246, 252, 254, to Jesus,
219, 224, 229, 252f (gradual separation); role in Church, 252f; union with, 2i7f Scriptures, corruption of, 89 spirits, control of, 225 seals/sealing. See circumcision; baptism secrecy: in Acts, 253; in antiquity, 197; in spittle, in magic, 223k Stahelin, H., 284, 287 Christianity, 38, 44, 9if, 94, 198, 201, 283^
Stahlin, O., 57, 79, 83, 285 in Jesus' practice, 199-202; in Judaism, 1 97f ; in Gospels, 20off; in magic, 223 Stendahl, K., 85 n. 9, 87, 97, 165 η. 12,
166 n. 14; School, 164η., 1 7 1 Stephen, teaching of, 255 secret gospel. See Mk. (Gospel, secret) secret Gospels, 81 Stoic traits in Carpocratian theology, 2 7of storms, stilling, 225 secret teachings, 24, 26, 29, 36ff, 40, 44, 65, 81 ; in Christianity, 173, 183, 237 n. 15, 248, 251,
Strycker, E. de, 191 257, 258, 263, 283^ leaked, 81; of Jesus, Strzygowski, Kloster, 288 199-202, 204, 25of, 272 (in Carpocratian text) ; preserved by presbyters, 48 stylistic data, as criteria of authenticity, 146
Swanson, R., Text, 78 n. 6, 98, 354f (notes) swearing, morality of, 53 Seitz, O., Criteria, 199 Semitisms in the Gospels, 99k, 1 18, 120, 133, 136; in secret Mk., 133 Swete, W., 101 sentence structure, 10, 55, 57, 73, 75, 99, 10 1,
Syria, Christianity in, 268 Syriac evidence for Gospel text, 209 Syriac parallels to secret Mk., 113, 157
104, hi, i i6f, 132, 134, 360 sermons, 186 shamanism, 224, 242 Syrophoenician woman, iooff, 106 shema', the, 171 Tatian, 268 Shemtov ben Shaprut, 202 tatooing, in magic, 269 Taubes, J., 80 Sherwin-White, A., Letters, 234 Sidebottom, E., Ascent, 247 Simon Maccabaeus, 238 Simon Magus, ascent to the heavens, 241 ; deity
Taylor, V., 92, 101, 180, 21 1 ; Origin, 202 Temple (Jerusalem), cleansing of, 272, veils allegorized, 4of temptation, 238 in disguise, 201 ; core in lists of heretics, 267; similarities to Jesus, 201, 235, 272 sin, difference from impurity, 208 ten commandments: in baptismal teaching,
Sinai, 238
tenses, sequence of, 1 o 1 ; see also aorist, perfect, six/seven day periods, 175, 223 (in magic)
Smith, M., Comments, 237; Description, 198; etc.
Testuz, M., 191 Elements, 250; 'Ελληνικά Χειρόγραφα, 290; Image, 245; Jesus ' Attitude, 249, 251 n.;
Monasteries, 290; Observations, 24of; Problems, texts preserved in multiple redactions, 93ff
Theodas (Paul's friend), 29 Theodore (addressee of letter), 77, 285 Theophrastus, 176 231 ; Reason, 253, 256; and Hadas, M., Heroes and Gods, 228 Therapeutae, practice of secrecy, 1 98 Thomas (apostle), 166 n. 14, 191; see also Gospel sod = mystery, i8of son of David: of Jesus, 103, 154 (not in Jn.), of Thomas in Index III 164 (in Mk. and secret Mk.) three day periods, 163, 175; in magic, 223 tongue, in magic, 223 "son of god": discussions of, 228; magical title,
221, 226; of Jesus, 103, 221, relation to
tongues, speaking with, 232f Topping, P., i tradition, Christian, 17, 31, 95k (relation of oral ΰεΐος άνηρ and "magician," 227ff Son (the), title of Jesus, 221 ; of magicians, 221 sons of Zebedee, 186; mother of the, ioif, 121 and written), 136, 138, 144, 149, 162, 206
Sophronius, 288 Soulis, G., i (began from the Baptist); Homeric, 143 n. 4,
speaking with tongues, 232f transfiguration: of Enoch, 246; of Isaiah, 246; spelling (of MS.), 2, 65, 75 {see also hiatus) spells : not necessary for magical operations, of Jesus, 225, 238, 243f; relation to Jesus' baptism, 243k, to his resurrection, 149, 166,
Speyer, W., Vorwiirfen, 234
NOTABILIA VARIA
Werner, M., Einfluss, 187 Trocme, E., Formation , 93, 164 n., 256 Westcott and Hort: conjecture confirmed, 105 truth: of two kinds, 80; vs. opinion, 15
Turner, C., Readings, 1 1 4 ; Usage, 120, 128, 134 two roads, 9 "western text" of Gospels, 65, 99, 104, 106, i22f,
137; dependent on secret Mark, not vice versa, 100, 106, 122, 135; in Clement and Typhon, 221 letter, 78 n. 6; see also Syriac Wetter, G., Sohn, 228 white garments, 177 Widengren, G., 238 union (magical): with deity, 221, 226; with disciples, 226; with Jesus, 2i7ff; with logos,
217; with men, 226, with spirit, 2i7f Wiener, L., Tacitus' Germania, 88 n. 1
Wifstrand, A., 6, 9, 12, 27, 30, 35, 39, 51, 61, 65, 67 Vaganay, L., Absence, 102 Vailhe, J., Ecrivains, 288 wigs, forbidden, 232 Wilamowitz, U von: conjecture confirmed, 41
Windisch, H., and Preisker, H., Briefe, 241 "Wisdom," used for Proverbs, 55 Wolfson, H., Philo, 245 n. 18 women, in early Christianity, 100, iSgf, 260,
Valentinians, 29, 14T, 268, 272, 277 verbal auxiliaries, 364 verbs, position of, 134 vocabularies: of Athanasius, Clement, and Philo,
67; of canonical Mk., 127; of secret Mk., 70, 124k, 380-389; of the canonical Gospels,
2^7-367; of the letter, 67, 380-389 Volker, W ., 6, 28, 3of, 42, 49, 67, 287 Volkmar, G., Haeretiker, 278 270; in magic, 270; in the Gospels, ioof, 147
Wrede, W., Λ lessiasgeheminis, 1 99 f writer, of MS., 2, 3, 28 Yahweh, 246 vowels, use in prayers, 233 n. 10
Yohanan ben Zakkai, 198, 250 η. ig Wagner, G., Problem, 217 Walter, N., Analyse, 170 n. 16 water, walking on, 225 Zacchaeus, 188 Zealots: practice of secrecy, 198 Zeitlin, S., 89 n. 1
Zelomi, 190 Wendling, E., Ur-Marcus, 93 Werblowski, Z., Rite, 207