Index
Index
(Note: Anglo-Saxon proper names often survive in more than one form. This is partly because they were translated into Latin, when the letter ‘thorn’ was read as a ‘d’, partly because greater simplification was sometimes desirable, particularly for names difficult to pronounce. Sometimes the less correct form, such as ‘Wilfrid’, ‘Ceolfrid’, ‘Sigfrid’ has become more popular, similarly ‘Oswy’ is more widely used than ‘Oswiu’. Absolute consistency has not been possible in this volume; it is hoped that the index will make it clear when the same person is referred to under a slightly different form of name.)
Acca, bishop of Hexham, 27, 107, 170–71, 180, 208
Aebbe (Ebba) of Coldingham, 57–8, 148
Aelffl(a)ed, abbess, 20, 27, 74–5, 87, 153, 173–6
Aelfwini, sub-king of Deira, 133
Aelwine, king, 125
Aethelwine, bishop of Lindsey, 26
Aethilberg, abbess, 173
Aethilred, king of Mercia, 149, 153–4, 157, 159, 162, 167, 171–2
Aethilthryth (Etheldreda), St, 24, 127–8, 130
Aethilwald, abbot of Melrose, 84
Aethilwald, hermit, 102–3
Aethilwalh, king of Sussex, 150
Agatho, pope St (678–681), 137, 140–41, 154, 156, 161, 162,163, 166–7, 192, 203, 218, 220
Agilberht, bishop, 116–17, 120
Aidan of Lindisfarne, St, 15, 19, 22, 49–50, 65
Alcfrith (Alhfrith, Alchfrid), sub-king of Deira, 22–3, 29, 53, 114–15, 116, 188
Aldfrith (Aldfrid), king of Northumbria, 27, 76–7, 153, 154, 155, 167, 172–5, 196, 203, 219
Alexandria, 23
Alfrith, 172
Andrew, bishop of Ostia, 137
Annadown, 11
Annas, high priest, 262
Annemundus, archbishop of Lyons, 113 (note)
Antony of Egypt, St, 71
Ardfert, 11
Armagh, 13
Atla, great-grandfather of Brendan, 233
Augustine of Canterbury, St, 14, 65
Augustine of Hippo, St, 94
Austerfield, council of, 26, 155–9, 175
Badwini, abbot, 172
Baldhild, queen, 113
Bamburgh (Northumberland), 175
Barinthus, monk, 233–5
Bede the Venerable, St, 10, 16–18, 20, 22, 24, 28–36, 37, 38–9, 213
Benedict Biscop, St, 10, 28–34, 36, 39, 110, 216, 218, 219, 220
founder of Wearmouth, 187, 190–91, 215
journeys to Rome, 188, 189, 190, 192, 196, 216, 217, 218
brings masons and glaziers from France, 191, 215–16
appoints Eosterwine abbot, 193–4, 217
deathbed instructions, 197–9
Benedict (of Nursia) St, 187
Rule of, 10, 12, 19, 22, 30, 32, 36, 71, 122, 158, 198, 204, 218
Benedict II, pope (684–685), 154, 156, 161, 163, 167, 221
Berhtfrith, nobleman, 174–5
Ber(h)twald, archbishop of Canterbury, 27, 155–8, 160, 164, 168, 172, 174
Berhtwald of Mercia, 149
Boisil, St, 18–19, 52, 55–6, 74
Boniface, St, 25
Bosa, bishop of York, St, 168
Brandon, Mount, 11
born in Munster, 233
seeks Land of Promise, 235
makes coracle, 236
sets sail, 236–7
reaches an island, 237
buries one of his monks, 239
anchors to a great fish, 241
conversation with birds, 242–3
finds an island monastery, 245–9, 257
leaves after Epiphany, 249
returns to first island, 250
goes to Island of Birds, 251–2
sea-monster is killed and eaten, 253
goes to island of three bands, 253–6
eats miraculous fruit, 254–7
meets iceberg, 258–9
reaches volcanic island, 259–61
meets Judas Iscariot, 261
meets Paul the Hermit, 263
finds Land of Promise, 266
returns home, 267
Brixworth, 26
Caiaphas, high priest, 262
archbishops of, see Augustine, Bertwald, Deusdedit, Theodore, Wighard
Carlisle, 81–2
Cassiodorus, abbot of Vivarium, 33–4
Ceadwalla, king of Wessex, 151–2
Cenowald, monk, 137
Centwini, king of Wessex, 149
Cenwalh, king of Wessex, 30, 190
Ceolfrith, St, 10, 28, 31, 34–8, 39, 211–29
becomes abbot of Jarrow, 193, 216–17
chooses Sigfrid as abbot, 197, 218
is chosen abbot of Wearmouth – Jarrow, 200, 218–19
character, 202–4
decides to resign, 204
miracles at tomb, 228–9
Chester-le-Street, 21
Chilperic II, king of Neustria, 225
Clonfert, 11
Cluny, 33
Coelred of Mercia, king, 179
C(o)enwalh, king of Wessex, 30, 114
Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne, 15, 17, 23, 116–17
Cologne, 12
Columbanus, 9
Coquet Island, 76
Cornu Vallis, 224
Cosmographers, book of the, 203
Cudda, nobleman, 109–10
Cudda, abbot, 91
Cummian, abbot, 23
Cuthbert, St, 9–10, 15–22, 38, 39, 43–104
childhood, 45–9
becomes monk, 52–3
reforms Lindisfarne, 65–7
lives as hermit on Inner Farne, 67–77
is chosen as bishop, 77
predicts death of Ecgfrith, 79–81
predicts his own death, 81–2
last illness and death, 89–96
incorrupt body discovered, 98–9
Cynithrith, abbess, 182
Dagobert II, king of the Franks, 25, 135–6, 142–3
Dalfinus of Lyons, III, 113–14
Dalton-le-Dale, 203
Deusdedit, archbishop of Canterbury, 122
Dunbar (Scotland), 147
Dunstan, St, 38
Durham, 20–21
E(a)dber(h)t, bishop of Lindisfarne, 20–21, 96, 99–100
Eadwulf, king of Northumbria, 173
Eata, bishop of Lindisfarne, 52–3, 55, 65
Ebba, see Tibba
E(c)gfrith (Egfrid), king of Northumbria, 20, 24, 25, 30, 63, 76–81, 125, 127–9, 132, 142, 149, 154, 187, 193, 196
Eddius Stephanus, 10, 22, 24, 38, 107
Edfrith (Eadfrid), bishop of Lindisfarne, 21
Egbert, king of Kent, 29, 122, 189–90
Egfrith, king of Northumbria, 215, 216, 217
Ely, 25
Enda, St, 236
Enfleda (Eanfled), queen, 22, 109–10
Enoch, Book of, 12
Eosterwine, abbot, 28, 31–2, 36, 193–5, 196–7, 202, 208, 216, 217
Erconbert, king of Kent, 110
Ermenburga, queen, 25
Ethelbert, king of Kent, 14
Eltheldreda, see Aethilthryth Evesham, 26
Felgild, hermit, 102–3
Findlug, father of Brendan, 233
Francis of Assisi, St, 17
Glastonbury, 38
Godfrith, monk of Lindisfarne, 44
Gregory the Great, St, 14, 17, 65, 187, 194
Gregory II, pope, 36, 37, 206–7, 224, 227–8
Hadrian, abbot of Canterbury, 30, 189
Hathufrith and Alnhfrith, monks, 179
Hereberht (Herbert) of Derwentwater, 81–2
Herefrith, monk (later bishop) of Lindisfarne, 20, 43, 55, 91, 95
Hermas, Shepherd of, 12
Herod, king, 262
Hertford, synod of, 24
Hexham, 19, 24, 26–7, 130–31, 162, 176
Hilda, abbess of Whitby, St, 167
Hilperic, king of Neustria, 225
Hinba (Argyll), 11
Hwaetber(h)t, abbot of Wearmouth, 36, 37, 206–8, 223–4, 227–8
Icanho (Iken, Suffolk), 31
Ingwald, monk of Wearmouth, 51
Inishadroum, 11
Iurminburgh (Irminburga), 132, 149
Jarrow, 30–31; see also
Wearmouth
John, abbot (cantor of St Peter’s, Rome), 30, 192
John, bishop of Porto, 137
John of Tours, abbot, 216
John the Evangelist, St, 55–6, 114, 117, 146, 192
John VI, pope (701–705), 160–69
John of Beverley, bishop of Hexham, St, 27, 168
Kells, Book of, 11
Langres (Burgundy), 36, 37, 225, 226–7
Lawrence, St, chapel of, 205
Leicester, 26
Leonilla, 210
Liège, 12
Lindisfarne, 9–10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 43, 65–7, 73, 97
bishops of see Aidan, Colman, Cuthbert, Eata, E(a)dber)(h)t, Edfrith Gospels, 17, 21, 35
Liutprand, king of the Lombards, 225
Llancarvan, 11
London, 14
Lowe, E. A., 35
Malo, St, 11
Melrose, 9, 18–19, 22, 52–3, 65, 74
Mernoc, monk, 233–5
Metz, 12
Nidd, River, synod of, 27, 174–6
Norham, 21
Osfrith, sheriff, 145
Osred, king of Northumbria, 27, 173–4, 203
Oswald, king of Northumbria, St, 15
Oswiu (Oswy), king of Northumbria, 22–3, 29, 57, 187–8, 213 (note)
Perctarit, king of Campania, 136
Peter, St, 35, 110, 112, 115, 117–18, 140, 174, 187, 191, 192–3, 194, 203, 205, 206, 220
Peterborough, 26
Pilate, 262
Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, St, 117
Putta, bishop, 122
Ripon, 9, 18–19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26–7, 31, 53, 116, 157, 162, 177–8, 181, 214
Rome, 10, 22, 23, 25, 29, 36, 37, 110, 112, 160–68, 188, 190, 192, 205, 209, 216, 217, 220, 227
Ronan, 23
St Albans, monastery of, 37
Saint-Gall, 9
Sambuce, township of, 203
Sergius I, pope (687–701), 154, 156, 161, 163, 167, 203, 220
Severin, Timothy, 11
Sigfrith, abbot, 28, 32, 36, 197, 200–201, 202, 208, 218, 219
Sigfrith, monk of Jarrow, 52
Speusippus, Eleusippus and Meleusippus, 209 (note), 210, 227
Strasbourg, 25
Tatber(h)t, abbot of Ripon, 27
Theodore of Canterbury, St, 14–15, 16, 23, 24, 26, 29, 77, 123, 132, 137, 139, 142, 152–4, 167, 175, 189–90
Theodoric, king of the Franks, 135
Tibba and Ebba, Mercian abbots, 179
Torthelm, abbot, 215–16
Trier, 11
Trumwine, bishop of Aberdeen, 46
Tunbert, bishop of Hexham, 213, 214
Tydlin, sheriff, 147
Tynemouth, 18
Utrecht, 12
Vienne, 190
Vitalian, pope (657–672), 188
Wahlstod, 94
Wearmouth and Jarrow, monasteries of, 17, 28–34, 36, 38, 187–210, 215–24
Whitby, synod of, 9, 10, 15, 16–17, 22, 29
Wighard, archbishop elect of Canterbury, 29, 189
Wilfrid, St, 10, 15, 16, 22–8, 29, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 53, 214, 215
boyhood, 109–10
travels to Rome, 110–12
returns to Lyons, 113
returns to Northumbria, 114
founds monastery at Ripon, 115
ordained priest, 116
at Synod of Whitby, 116–18
consecrated bishop, 118–20
in Sussex, 120–22
reinstated by Theodore, 123
restores church at York, 124
builds church at Ripon, 125–6
builds church at Hexham, 130–31
expelled from Northumbria, 132
goes to Friesland (Frisia), 134
meets kings Dagobert and Perctarit, 135–6
reaches Rome and prosecutes his appeal, 137–43
makes peace with Theodore, 152–3
returns to Northumbria, 154–5
at council of Austerfield, 155–9
appeals again to Rome, 160–69
returns to Northumbria, 169–73
restored at synod of River Nidd, 174–6
last instructions, 177–9
death and burial, 180–82
Winfrid, bishop of Lichfield, 133
Wing, 26
Wulfhere, king of Mercia, 123, 128–9
bishops of, see Bosa, Chad, John of Beverley, Paulinus, Wilfrid
1. cf. Apoc. (Rev.) xiv, 4.
2. This was in 653, with Wilfrid as far as Lyons. Pilgrimages to Rome and the Holy Land were already of long standing.
3. This visit should be dated about 666, a few years after the Synod of Whitby.
4. Founded by St Honoratus about 410, on the island off Cannes. In spite of its remote situation, It was an important centre of classical and Christian learning. St Vincent of Lérins was the most famous of a series of erudite bishops and monks educated there.
1. cf. Bede, Ecclesiastical History, iii, 29 and iv, 1. The choice of the Archbishop of Canterbury was particularly crucial after the Synod of Whitby. Wighard was chosen by Oswiu, king of Northumbria and bretwaida as well as by the king of Kent.
2. A native (like Paul) of Tarsus in Cilicia, Theodore had been educated at Athens before becoming a monk. He was a member of one of the Greek monasteries in southern Italy and a subdeacon. At the time of his consecration he was about sixty-five years old. He died in 690 at the age of about eighty-seven after a fruitful and eventful episcopate.
3. Hadrian was from North Africa, like Tertullian, Cyprian and Augustine of Hippo.
1. These paintings, comparing Old Testament scenes with appropriate ones from the New, gave visible expression to a whole range of patristic thought known as Typology. cf. J. Danlelou, Sacramentum Futuri (1960) and G. W. Lampe, K. J. Woolcombe, Essays on Typology (1957).
2. Egfrid was killed on 20 May 685 by the Pict sat the battle of Nechtansmere. The mention of Aldfrid’s councillors (or Witan) in this connection is significant, as is the value attached to the silken cloaks.
1. Speusippus, Eleusippus and Meleuslppus. These, with their grandmother Leonilla, were believed to have been martyred for the Christian faith c. 155, presumably at Langres, where their supposed relics were venerated from the fifth century, and where a church and monastery were dedicated in their honour. Their legend, however, is connected with Cappadocia. cf. Acta Sanctorum s.d. 17 January; Propylaeum ad Acta Sanctorum Decembris s.d. 17 January and H. Delehaye in Anakcta Bollandiana xiii (1904), 427 ff.; xxvi (1905), 505 ff.; xxvi (1907), 334 ff. Later Ceolfiith’s body was brought back to Jarrow where, like Benedict Blscop, he was venerated as a saint.
2. Thus he was born in 642 and ordained priest in 669. St Peter’s, Wearmouth, was founded in 673, St Paul’s, Jarrow, in 681.
1. This passage occurs in the oldest (tenth-century) manuscript of this work, but Is most probably not part of the author’s original text: Bede died about twenty years after this Life was written.
2. Heb. xiii, 7.
3. Gilling (Yorkshire) was a monastery founded by King Oswy in reparation for the murder of his relative and rival Oswin, king of Deira, in 651. Queen Eanfled obtained this favour on behalf of Trumhere who built the monastery as a place of prayer ‘for the salvation of both kings, slayer and slain alike’. Trumhere became a bishop in Mercia c. 658. See Bede, Ecclesiastical History, iii, 14 and 24.
4. Tunbert was consecrated bishop of Hexham in 681.
1. Botulf (d. 680), an East Anglian monk, built a monastery at Iken (Suffolk) from 654. He had previously been chaplain to a nunnery, one of whose inmates, Uobsynde, became first abbess of Wenlock (Shropshire), initially dependent on Botulf. Her monastery was large and its estates were of comparable size to those of Wearmouth and Jarrow. Liobsynde was of royal birth and her monastery estates formed an Important block of land in a border area. See Oxford Dictionary of Saints, s.v. Botulf and references.