Reflections on the Preceding Memoirs (part 2 of 2)

292 REFLBCTIONS ON THE

in a great measure ceased for a long time among themselves, with a most visible and astonishing manifestation of God’s power on subjects so unprepared, and who had been brought up and lived, some of them to old age, in the deepest prejudices against the very first principles of Christianity; the divine power accompanying his labours, producing the most remarkable and abiding change, turning the wilderness into a fruitful field, and causing that which was a desart indeed to bud and blossom as the rose? And this although he was not only one of their greatest opponents in their errors; but also one of those they call the standing ministry; first examined and licensed to preach by such ministers, and ‘sent forth among the Heathen by such ministers; and afterwards ordained by such ministers; always directed by them and united with them in their consistories and administrations; ' and even abhorring the practice of those who give out that they ought to be renounced and separated from, and that teachers may be ordained by laymen.

It cannot be pretended by these persons that Mr. Brainerd condemned their religion, only because he was not acquainted with them, and had not opportunity for full observation of the nature, operation and tendency of their experiences: for he had abundant and peculiar opportunities of such observation and acquaintance. _ Hé lived through the late extraordinary time of religious commotion, and saw the beginning and end, the good and the bad of it. He had opportunity to see the various operations and effects that were wrought in this season, more extensively than any. person I know of. His native place was about the middle of Connecticut, and he was much conversant in all parts of that colony. He was conversant in the eastern parts of it, after the religion which he condemned had began to prevail there. He was conversant with the zealous people on Long-Island, from one end of the island to the other; and also in New-Jersey and Pensylvania, with people of various nations. He had some special opportunities in some places in this province, (Massachusets Bay,) where there has been much of this sort of religion, and at a time when it greatly prevailed. He had conversed and disputed with abundance of this kind of people in various parts, as he told ‘me; and also that he had seen something of the same appearances in some of the Indians to whom he preached,

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and had opportunity to see the beginning and end of them. Besides, Mr. Brainerd could speak more feelingly and understandingly concerning these things, because there was once a time when he was drawn away into an efteem of them, and for a short season had united himself to this kind of people, and partook in some respects of their spirit and behaviour. ss

But I proceed to another observation on the foregoing memoirs.

iI. This history of Mr. Brainerd’s may help us to make distinctions among the high religious affections, and remarkable impressions made on the,minds of persons, in a time of great awakening and revival of religion; and may convince us that there are not only distinctions in theory, invented to save the credit of pretended revivals of religion, and what is called the experience of the operations of the Spirit; but distinctions that do actually take place in the course of events, and have a real and evident foundation in fact.

Many do and will confound things, blend all together, and say, “It is all alike; it is all of the same-sort.” So there are many that say concerning the religion most generally prevailing among the Separatists, and the affections they manifest, “ It is the same that was all over the land seven years ago.” And some that have read Mr. Brainerd’s Journal, giving an account of the extraordinary things that have come to pass among the Indians in New- Jersey, say, “ It is evidently the same thing that appeared in many places amongst the English, which has now proved naught, and come to that which is worse than nothing.” And all the reason they have thus to determine all to be the same work, and the same spirit, is, that the one manifested high affections, and so do the other; the great affections of the one had some influence on their bodies, and so have the other; the one use the terms “ conviction, conversion, humiliation, coming to Christ, discoveries, experiences,” &c. and so do the other; the impressions on the one are attended with a great deal of zeal, and so it is with the other; the affections of the one dispose them to speak much about things of religion, and sa do the other; the one delight much in religibus meetings, and so do the other.——The agreement that appears in these and such like things, make them

; us conclude that surely all is alike, all is the same work: Whereas, on a closer inspection and critical examination, it would appear, that notwithstanding an agreement in such circum#ances, yet indeed there is a vast difference, both in essence and fruits. A considerable part of the religious Operations that were six or seven years ago, especially towards the latter part of that extraordinary season, was doubtless of the same sort with the religion of the Separatists, but not all. There were many whose experiences were, like Mr. Brainerd’s, in a judgment of charity, genuine and incontestable.

Not only do the opposers of all religion consisting in powerful operations and affections, thus confound things, but many of the pretenders to such religion do so. They that have been the subjects of some sort of vehement, but vain operations on their mind, when they bear the relation of tne experiences of some real and eminent Christians, they say, their experiences are of the same sort: so they say, they are just like the experiences of eminent Christians in former times, which we have printed accounts of. So, I doubt not, but there are many deluded people, if they should read the preceding account of Mr. Brainerd’s life, who reading withe out much understanding or careful observation, would say, without hesitation, that some things which they have met with are of the very same kind with what he expresses; when the agreement is only in some general circumstances, or some particular things that are superficial, and belonging as it were to the profession and outside of religion; but the inward temper of mind, and the fruits in practice, are as Opposite and distant as east and west.

Many honest good people also, and true Christians, do not very well know how to make a difference. The glittering appearance and glaring show of false religion dazzles their eyes; and they sometimes are so deluded by it, that they look on some of these impressions, which hypocrites

tell of, as the brightest experiences. And though they have experienced no such things themselves, they think it is because they are vastly lower in attainments, and but babes in comparison of these flaming Christians. Yea, sometimes from their differing so much from those who make so great a show, they doubt whether they have any grace at all. And it is a hard thing to bring many well-meaning people to make proper distinctions in this case; and especially to

maintain and stand:-by them, through a certain weakness they | ‘unhappily labour under, whereby they are liable to be over-_ come with the glare of outward appearances. Thuy if ina, sedate hour they are by reasoning brought to allow such and

such distinctions, yet the next time they come in the way

of the great show of false religion, the dazzling appearance. swallows them up, and they are carried away. Thus. the

devil by nis cunning ertifices, easily dazzles the feeble sight

of men, and puts them beyond the capacity of a proper

exercise of consideration, or hearkening to the dictates of calm thought and cool understanding. When they perceive

the great affection, earnest talk, strong voice, assured looks,

vast confidence, and bold assertions, of these empty assuming

pretenders, they are overborne, lose the possession of their

judgment, and say, “ Surely these men are in the right, God

is with them of a truth:” and so they are carried away, not with light and reason, but like children, as it were with a

strong wind.

This confounding all things together which have a fair shew, is but acting the part of a child, that going into a shop, where a variety of wares are exposed to sale, (all of a shining appearance; some vessels of gold and silver, and some diamonds and other precious stones; and other things that are toys of little value, which are of some base metal. gilt, or glass polished, and painted with curious colours, or. cut like diamonds,) should esteem all alike, and give as great a price for the vile as for the precious: or it is like the conduct of some unskilful rash person, who finding himself deceived by some of the wares he had bought at that shop, should at once conclude, all he there saw was of no value; and pursuant to such a conclusion, when afterwards he has. true gold and diamonds offered him, enough to enrich him and enable him to live like .a prince all his days, he should throw it all into the sea.

* But we must get into another way. The want of dis. tinguishing in things that appertain to experimental religion, ia one of the chief miseries of the professing world. It ie attended with many dismal consequences: multitudes of souls are fatally deluded about. themselves, and their own state, and so are eternally undone. Hypocrites are con. firmed. in their delusions, and exceedingly puffed up with u 4 pride; many sincere Christians are dreadfally perplexed,

darkened, tempted, and drawn aside from the way of duty ;. and sometimes sadly tainted with false religion, to the great

dishonour of Christianity and hurt of their own souls. Some

of the most dangerous and pernicious enemies of religion in. the world, though called bright Christians, are encouraged

and honoured, who ought to be discountenanced and shunned

by every body; and prejudices are begotten and confirmed. in vast multitudes, against every thing wherein the power and essence of godliness consists; and in the end Deism and

Atheism are promoted.

Ill. The foregoing account of Mr. Brainerd’s life may afford matter of conviction, that there is indeed such a thing as true experimental religion, arising from immediate divine influences, supernaturally enlightening and convincing the mind, and powerfully impressing, quickening, sanctifying, and governing the heart; which religion is indeed an amiable thing, of happy tendency, and of no hurtful consequence to human society; notwithstanding there having been so many pretences and appearances of what is called experimental vital religion, that have proved to be nothing but vain, pernicious enthusiasm.

If any insist that Mr. Brainerd’s religion was enthusiasm, and nothing but a strange heat and blind fervour of mind, arising from the strong fancies and dreams of a notional whimsical brain; I would ask, if it be so, that such things as: these are the fruits of enthusiasm, viz. a great degree of honesty and simplicity, sincere and earnest desires and endeavours to know and do whatever is right, and to avoid every thing that is wrong; a high degree of love to God, delight in the perfections of his nature, placing the happiness of life in him; not only in contemplating him, but in being active in pleasing, and serving him; a firm and undoybting belief in the Messiah, as the Saviour of the world, the great Prophet of God, and King of God’s church; together with great love to him, delight and complacence in the way of salvation by him, and longing for the enlargement of his kingdom; earnest desires that God may be glorified and the Messiah’s kingdom advanced, whatever instruments are made use of; uncommon resignation. to the will of God, and that under vast trials; great and universal

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‘benevolence to mankind, reaching all sorts of persons without distinction, manifested in sweetness of speech and behaviour, kind treatment, mercy, liberality, and earnest seeking the good of the souls and bodies of men; attended with extraordinary humility, meekness, forgiveness of injuries, and love to enemies; and a great abhorrence of a contrary spirit and practice; not only as appearing in others but whereinsoeyer it had appeared in himself; causing the most bitter repentance, and brokenness of heart on account of any past instances of sucha conduct; a modest, discreet, and decent deportment, among superiors, inferiors, and equals; a most diligent improvement of time, and earnest care to lose no part of it; great watchfulness against all sorts of sin, of heart, speech, and action: and this example and these endeavours attended with most happy fruits, and blessed effects on others, in humanizing, civilizing, and wonderfully reforming and transforming some of the most brutish savages; idle, immoral, drunkards, murderers, gross idolaters, and wizards; bringing them to permanent sobriety, diligence, devotion, honesty, conscientiousness, and charity: and the foregoing amiable virtues and successful Jabours all ending at last in a marvellous peace, unmoveable stability, calmness, and resigtion, in the sensible approaches of death, with longing for the heavenly state; not only for the honours and circum-. stantial advantages of it, but above all for the moral perfection and holy and blessed employments of it; and these things in a person indisputably of good understanding and judgment: I say, if all these things are the fruits of enthusiasm, why should not enthusiasm be thought a desirable and excellent thing? for what can true religion, what can the best philosophy do more? If vapours and whimsy will bring. men to the most thorough virtue, to the most benign and fruitful morality; and will maintain it through a course of life (attended with many trials) without affectation or self- ' exaltation, and with an earnest constant bearing testimony against the wildness, the extravagances, the bitter zeal, assuming behaviour, afd separating spirit of enthusiasts; and will do all this more effectually, than any thing else has ever done in any plain known instance that can be produced; if it be so, I say, what cause then has the world to prize and pray. for this blessed whimsicalness, and these benign sort of —vapours?

- It would perhaps be a prejudice with some against the whole of Mr. Brainerd’s religion, if it had begun in the time of the late rekgious commotion; being ready to conelwde, however unreasonably, that nothing good could take its rise from those times. But it was not so; his conversion was before those times, in a time of general deadness, (as has been before observed;) and therefore at a season when it. was impossible that he should receive a taint from any

corrupt notions, examples, or customs, that had birth im —

those times. And whereas there are many who are not professed

opposers of what is called experimental religion, who yet doubt of the reality of it, from the bad lives of some profes- _

sors; and are ready to determine thas there is nothing in all the talk about being born again, being emptied of self, brought to a saving close with Christ, Xe. because many that pretend to these things, and are thought by others to have been the subjects of them, manifest no abiding alteration in their moral disposition and behaviour; are as

eareless, carnal and covetous as ever; yea, some much —

worse than ever: it isto be acknowledged and lamented,

that this is the case with some; but by the preceding account —

they may be sensible, that it is not so with all. There are some indisputable instances of such a change as the scripture speaks of; an abiding great change, a “renovation of the spirit of the mind,” and a “ walking in newness of life.”

In the foregoing instance particularly, they may see the | abiding influence of such a work of conversion, as they have

heard of from the word of God: the fruits of such experi-

ences through a course of years; under a great variety of.

cireamstances, many changes of state, place, and company $5 and may see the blessed issue and event of it in life and death.

IV. The preceding history serves to confirm those doctrines usually called the doctrines of grace. For if it be allowed that there is truth, substance, or value in the main of Mr. Brainerd’s religion, it will undoubtedly follow that those doctrines are divine: since it is evident that the whole of it, from beginning to end, is according to that scheme of things; all built on those apprehensions, notions and views, that are

produced and established in the mind by those doctrines. He

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was brought by doctrines of this kind to his awakening, and deep concern about things of a spiritual and eternal nature; and by these doctrines his convictions were maintained and carried on; and his conversion was evidently altogether agreeable to this scheme,. but by no means agreeing with the contrary, and utterly inconsistent with the Arminian notion of conversion or repentance. His conversion was plainly founded jn a clear strong conviction, and undoubting per. suasion of the truth of those things appertaining to these doctrines, which Arminians most object against, and which his own mind had contended most about. And his conversion was no confirming and perfecting of moral principles and habits, by use and practice, and his own labour in an industrious discipling himself, together with the concurring suggestions and conspiring aids of God’s Spirit; .but entirely a supernatural work, at once turning him from darkness to marvellous light, and from the power of sin to the dominion of divine and holy principles; an effect, in no respect produced by hés strength or labour, or obtained by his virtue; and not accomplished till be was first brought to a full conviction, that all his qwn virtue, strength, labours and endeavours, could never avail any thing to the producing or procuring this effect.

A very little while before, his mind was full of the same cavils against the doctrines of God’s sovereign grace, which are made by Arminians, and his heart full even of a-raging opposition to them. And God was pleased to perform this good work in him just after a full end had been put to this cavilling and opposition; after he was entirely convinced that be was dead in sin, and was in the hands of Ged as the. absolutely. sovereign, unobliged, sole disposer and author of true holiness. God’s shewing him mercy at such a time is a confirmation, that this was a preparation for mercy; and consequently that these things which he was convinced of were true. While he opposed these things, he was the subject of no such mercy ;. .though he so earnestly sought it, and. prayed for it with'so much painfulness, care and strictness in religion: but when once his opposition is fully subdued, and heis brought to submit to the truths which he before had opposed, with full conviction, then the mercy he sought for is granted, with abundant light, great evidence. and.exceeding joy; and he reaps the fruit of it all his life after, and in the valley of the shadow of death.

In his conversion, be was brought to see the glory of that way of salvation by Christ that is taught in what are called the doctrines of grace; and thenceforward, with unspeakable joy and complacence, to embrace and acquiesce in that way of salvation. He was in his conversion, in all respects, brought to those views and that state of mind, which these doctrines shew to be necessary. And if his conversion was any real conversion, or any thing besides a mere whim, and if the religion of his life was any thing else but a series of treats of a whimsical mind, then this one grand principle, on which depends the whole difference between Calvinists and Arminians, is undeniable; viz. that the grace or virtue of truly good men, not only differs from the virtue of others in degree, but even in nature and kind. If ever Mr. Brainerd was truly turned from sin to God at all, or ever became truly religious, none can reasonably doubt but that his conversion was at the time when he supposed it to be. The change he then experienced was evidently the greatest moral change that ever he passed under; and he was then apparently first brought to that kind of religion, that remarkable new habit and temper of mind, which he held all his life after. The narration shews it to be different, in nature and kind, from all that ever he was the subject of before. It was evidently wrought at once without fitting and preparing his mind, by gradually convincing it more and more of the same truths, and bring- ‘ing it nearer and nearer to such a temper: for it-was soon after his mind had been remarkably full of blasphemy, and a vehement exercise of sensible enmity against God, and great opposition to those truths which he was now brought with his whole soul to embrace and rest in, as divine and glorious, and to place his happiness in the contemplation and improvement of them. And he himself (who was surely best able to, judge) declares, that the dispositions and affections which were then given him, and thenceforward maintained in him, were most sensibly and certainly, perfectly different in their nature, from all that ever he was the subject of before, or that he ever had any conception of. This is what he constantly affirmed, even to his death. He must certainly be considered as capable of judging; he had opportunity to know; he had practised a great deal of -religion before, was exceeding strict and conscientious, and had continued so for a long time; had various religious affections with which he often flattered himself, and sometimes pleased himself as being now in a good estate; and after he had those new experiences that began in his conversion, they were continued to the end of his life; long enough for him thoroughly to observe their nature, and compare them with what had been before. Doubtless he was compos mentis; and was at least one of so good an understanding and judgment, as to be pretty well capable of discerning and comparing the things that passed in his own mind.

- Jt is further observable, that his religion all along operated in such a manner as tended to confirm him in the doctrines of God’s absolute sovereignty, man’s universal and entire dependence on God’s power and grace, §c. The more his religion prevailed in his heart, the fuller he was of divine love and of clear and delightful views of spiritual things, and the more his heart was engaged in God’s service; the more sensible he was of the certainty, excellency and importance of these truths, and the more he was affected with them and rejoiced in them. And he declares particularly, that when he lay for a long while on the verge of the eternal world, often expecting to enter upon it in a few minutes, yet at the same time enjoying great serenity and clearness of thought, and being most apparently in a peculiar manner at a distance from an enthusiastical frame, he “ at that time saw clearly the truth of those great doctrines of the gospel, which are lastly stiled the doctrines of grace, and never felt himself so capable of demonstrating the truth of them.”

So that it is very evident, Mr. Brainerd’s religion was wholly correspondent to what is called the Calvinistical scheme, and was the effect of those doctrines applied to his heart; and certainly it cannot be denied that the effect was good, unless we turn Atheists or Deists——I would ask, whether there be any such thing in reality as Christian devotion? If there be, what is it; what is its nature, and what its just measure? should it not be in a great degree? We read abundantly in scripture, of “ loving God with all the heart, with all the soul, with all the mind, and with all the strength; of delighting in God, rejoicing in the Lord, rejoicing with joy unspeakable and full of glory; the soul’s magnifying the Lord, thirsting for God, hungering and ' thirsting after righteousness; the soul’s breaking for the longing it hath to God’s judgments, praying to God with groanings that cannot be uttered, mourning for sin with a broken. heart and contrite spirit,” 5c. How full is the book ‘of Psalms, and other parts of scripture, of such things as these! Now wherein do these things, as expressed by ard appearing in: Mr. Brainerd, either the things themselves or their effects and fruits, differ from the scripture representa tions? These things:he was brought to by that strange and wonderful transformation of the man, which he called his conversion. And do not.this well agrée with what is so often said in the Old and New Testament, concerning the * giving of a new heart, creating a right spirit, a being: renewed in the spirit of the mind, being’ sanctified throughout, and becoming a new creature?”

Here also is worthy to be considered, not only the effect. of Calvinistic doctrines (as they are called) on Mr. Brainerd himself, but also the effet of the same doctrines, as taught and inculcated by him, on others. It is abundantly. pretended and asserted of late, that these doctrines tend to undermine the very foundations of all religion and morality, and to enervate and vacate all reasonable motives to the exercise and practice of them, and lay invincible stumbling- | blocks before Infidels, to hinder their embracing Christianity; and that the contrary doctrines are the fruitful principles of virtue and goodness, set religion on its right basis, represent it in an amiable light, give its motives their full force, and recommend it to the reason and common sense of man+ kind.— But where can they find an instance of so great and signal an effect of their doctrines, in bringing Infidels, who were at such a distance from all that is civil, human, sober, rational, and Christian, and so full of inveterate prejudices against these things, to such a degree of humanity, civility, exercise of reason, self-denial and Christian virtue? ~ Let those who place religion in morality, bring an instance of their doctrines producing such a transformation of a people in point of morality. It is strange, if the allwise God so orders things in his providence, that reasonable and proper means, and those which he himself: has appointed, should in no known remarkable instance be instrumental to produce so good an effect; an. effect so agreeable to his own word, and that very effect for which. he appointed these excellent means; that they should not be so successful as those means which are not his own, but contrary to them and of an opposite tendency; means that are in themselves very absurd, and tend to root all religion and virtue out of the world, to promote and establish infidelity, and to lay an insuperable stumbling block before Pagans, to hinder their embracing the gospel. I say, if this be the true state of the case, it is certainly pretty wonderful, and an event worthy of some attention.;

I know that many will be ready to say, “ It is too soon yet to glory in the work that has been wrought among Mr. Brainerd’s Indians; it is best to wait and see the final event; it may be, all will come to nothing by and by.” To which Lanswer, (not to insist that it will not follow, according to Arminiaa principles, they are not now true Christians, really pious and godly, though they showed fall away and come to nothing,) that I never supposed every one of those Indians, who in profession renounced their Heathenism and visibly embraced Christianity, and have had some appearance of piety, will finally prove true converts. If two thirds, or indeed one half of them (as great a proportion as there is in the parable of the ten virgins) should persevere; it will be sufficient to shew the work wrought among them, to bave been truly admirable and glorious. But so much of permanence has already appeared in their religion, as shews it to be something more than an Indian humour or good mood, or any transient effect in the conceits, notions and affections of these ignorant people, excited by artful management. For it is now more than three years ago since.this work began, and a remarkable change appeared in many of them. The number of visible converts has also greatly increased: and by repeated accounts from several hands, they stili generally persevere in diligent religion and strict virtue, I think worthy to be here inserted, a Jetter from a young gentleman, a candidate for the ministry, one of those before mentioned, appointed by the honourable commissioners in Boston, as missionaries to the Heathen of the Six Nations 80 called; who dwelt with Mr. John Brainerd among these Christian Indians, in order to their being prepared for the business of their mission. The letter was written from thence, to his parents here in Northampton, and is as follows.

Bethel, in New-Jersey, Jan. 14. 1747-8.

AFTER a long and uncomfortable journey, by reason of bad weather, I arrived at Mr. Brainerd’s, the 6th of this instant, where | design to stay this winter; and on many accounts 1 feel well satisfied with my coming hither. The state and circumstances of the Indians, spiritual and temporal, much exceed what I expected. 1 have endeavoured to acquaint myself with the state of the Indians in general, with particular persons, and with the school, as much as the short time I have been here would admit of. And notwithstanding my expectations were very much raised, from Mr. David Brainerd’s Journal, and from particular informations from him; yet 1 must confess that in many respects they are not equal to that which now appears to me to be true, concerning the glorious work of divine grace amongst the Indians.

The evening after I came to town, I had opportunity to see the Indians together, whilst the Rev. Mr. Arthur preached to them. There was a very general and uncommop seriousness and solemnity in the congregation, which appeared to be the effect of an inward sense of the importance of divine truths, and not because they were hearing & stranger. This was abundantly confirmed to me the next Sabbath, when there was the same devout attendance on divine service, and a surprising solemnity appearing in the performance of each part of divine worship. Some, who are hopefully true Christians, seemed at that time much enlivened and comforted; not from any observable commotions then, but from conversation afterwards: and others —seemed to be under deep concern about their souls. I have endeavoured to acquaint myself with individuals, many of whom seem to be very humble and growing Christians; although some of them, as I am informed, were before their conversion most monstrously wicked.

Religious conversation is very pleasing and delightful to many, and especially that which relates to the exercises of the heart. Many here seem to be not only real Christians, but growing Christians, as well in doctrinal as experimental knowledge. Besides my conversation with particular per- Sons, | have had opportunity to attend upon one of Mr.

Brainerd’s catechetical lectures; when I was surprised at their readiness in answering questions which they had not been used to, although Mr. Brainerd complained of their uncommon deficiency. It is surprising to see these people who not long since were led captive by Satan at his will, and living in the practice of all manner of abominations, without the least sense even of moral honesty, now living soberly and regularly, and not seeking every man his own, but every man in some sense his neighbour’s good; and to see those who but a little while past knew nothing of the true God, now worshipping him in a solemn and devout ‘manner; not only in public, but in their families and in secret; which is manifestly the case, it being a difficult thing to walk out in the woods in the morning, without disturbing persons at their secret devotion. And it seems wonderful that this should be the case, not only with adult persons, but with children also, many of whom retire into secret places to pray. And as far as I can judge at present, this is not the effect of custom and fashion, but of real seriousness and thoughtfulness about their souls. I have frequently gone into the school, and spent con-~ siderable time there amongst the children; and have been surprised to see, not only their diligent attendance upon the business of the school, but also the proficiency they have made in reading and writing, and in their catechisms. It seems to be as pleasing and as natural to these children, to have their books in their hands, as it does for many others to be at play. I have gone into a house where there has been a number of children accidentally gathered together, and observed that every one had his book in his hand, and was diligently studying it. About thirty of these children can answer to all the questions in the Assembly’s catechism, and the greater part of them are able to do it with the proofs, to the fourth commandment. Oh that what God has done here, may prove to be the beginning of a far more glorious and extensive work of grace among the

- Heathen! Jos STRONG.

V. Is there not much in the preceding memoirs of Mr. Brainerd to teach and excite to duty, those who are called to the work of the Ministry, and all that are candidates for that great work? What a deep sense did he seem to have of the greatness and importance of that work, and with what weight did it lie on his.mind. How sensible was he of his own insufficiency, bow great his dependence upon God, and how solicitous that he might be fitted for it! To this end, how much time did he spend in prayer and fasting, as well as in reading and meditation; “ giving himself to these things.” How did he dedicate his whole life, all his powers and talents to God; and forsake and renounce the world, with all its pleasing and ensnaring enjoyments, that he might be wholly at liberty to serve Christ, and to “ please him who had chosen him to be a soldier, under the Captain of our salvation!’ With what solicitude, solemnity and diligence did he devote himself to God our Saviour, and seek his presence and blessing in secret, at the time of his. ordination; and how did his whole heart appear to be constantly engaged, his whole time employed, and his whole strength spent in the business he then solemnly undertook. His history also shews the right way to success in the work of the ministry. He sought it ag a resolute soldier seeks victory, in a siege or battle; or as a man that runs a race for a great prize. Animated with love to Christ and souls, how did he labour always fervently, not only in word and doctrine, in public and private, but in prayers day and night, “ wrestling with God” in secret, and “ travailing in birth,” with unutterable groans and agonies, “ until Christ were formed” in the hearts of the people to whom he was sent! How did he thirst for a blessing on his ministry; “ and watch - for souls as one that must give account!” How did he “ go forth in the strength of the Lord God ;” seeking aud depending on the special influence of the Spirit to assist and succeed him. And what was the happy fruit at last, after long waiting and many dark and discouraging appearances: like a true son of Jacob he persevered in wrestling through all the darkness of the night, until the breaking of the day. His example of labouring, praying, denying himself, and enduring hardness, with unfainting resolution and patience, and his faithful, vigilant, and prudent conduct in many other respects, (which it would be too long now-particularly to recite,) may afford instruction to missionaries in particular.

VI. The foregoing account of Mr. Brajnerd’s life. may afford instruction to Christians in general; as it shews in many respects the right way of practising religion, in order to obtaining the ends and receiving the benefits of it. Here we may see how Christians should “run the race set before them,” if they would not “ run in vain, or run uncertainly,” but would honour God in the world, adorn their profession, be serviceable to mankind, have the comforts of religion while they live, be free from disquieting doubts and dark apprehensions about the state of their souls; enjoy peace in the approaches of death, and “ finish their course with joy.” In general, he much recommended for this pur pose, the redemption of time,. great diligence and watchfulness in the business of the Christian life; and he exemplified these things in an eminent degree.

His example and success with regard to one duty specially, may be of great use to both ministers and private Christians; I mean the duty of secret fasting: The reader has seen how much Mr. Brainerd recommends this duty, and how frequently he exercised himself in it; nor can it well have escaped observation, how much he was owned and blessed in it, and of what great benefit it evidently was to his soul. Among the many days he spent in secret fasting and prayer, of which he gives an account in his Diary, there is scarcely an instance of one but what was either attended or followed with a remarkable blessing, in special incomes and consolations of God’s Spirit; and very often before the day was ended. But it must be observed that when he set about this duty, he did it in good earnest; “ stirring up himself to take hold of God,” and “ continuing instant in prayer,” with much of the spirit of Jacob, who said to the Angel, “ I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.”

VII. There is much in the preceding account to excite and encourage God’s people to earnest prayers and endeavours for the advancement and enlargement of the kingdom of Christ in the world. Mr. Brainerd set us an excellent example in this respect: he sought the prosperity of Zion with all’ his might, and preferred Jerusalem above his chief joy. How did his soul long and pant after it; how earnestly and often did ‘he wrestle with God for it; and how far did he, in these desires and prayers, seem to be carried beyond all private and selfish views; being animated by a pure love to —

x 2 Christ, an earnest desire of his glory, and a disinterested affection to the souls of mankind.

The consideration of this, not only ought to be an incitement to the people of God, but may also be a just encouragement to them, to be much in seeking and praying fora general outpouring of the Spirit of God, and an extensive revival of religion. I confess that God’s giving so much ef a spirit of prayer for this mercy to so eminent a servant of his, and exciting him in so extraordinary a manner, and with such vehement thirstings of soul, to agonize in prayer for it from time to time, through the course of his life, is one thing among others, which gives me great hope, THAT GOD HAS A DESIGN OF ACCOMPLISHING SOMETHING VERY GLORIOUS FOR THE INTEREST OF HIS CHURCH BEFORE LONG.

One such instance as this, I conceive, gives more encouragement than the common, cold, formal prayers of thousands. As Mr. Brainerd’s desires and prayers for the coming of Christ’s kingdom, were very special and extraordinary; so I think we may reasonably hope, that the God who excited those desires and prayers will answer them with, something special and extraordinary. In particular, 1 think it worthy to be taken notice of for our encouragement, that he had his heart (as he declared) unusually and beyond what had been before, drawn out in Jongings and prayers for the flourishing of Christ’s kingdom on earth, when he was in the approaches of death; and that with his dying breath he did as it were breathe out his departing soul into the bosom of his Redeemer, in prayers and pantings after this glorious event; expiring in great hope that it would soon begin to be. fulfilled. And I wish that the thoughts which he in his dying state expressed of that explicit agreement and visible union of God’s people, in extraordinary prayer for a general revival of religion, lately proposed in a memorial from Scotland which has been dispersed among us, may be well considered by those that hitherto have not seen fit to fall in with that proposal———But I forbear to say any more on this head, having already largely published my thoughts upon it, in a discourse written on purpose to promote that affair; which, I confess, I wish that every one of my readers might be supplied with; not that my honour, but that this excellent design might be promoted.

As there is much in Mr. Brainerd’s life to encourage Christians to seek the advancement of Christ’s kingdom in general; so there is in particular, to pray for the conversion of the Indians on this continent, and to exert themselves in the use of proper means for its accomplishment. For it appears that in his unutterable longings and wrestlings of soul for the flourishing of religion, his mind was peculiarly intent on the conversion and salvation of these people, and his heart more especially engaged in prayer for them, And if we consider the degree and manner in which he from time to time, sought and hoped for an extensive work of grace among them, there is reason to hope that the wonderful things which God wrought among them by him, are but a forerunner of something ‘yet more glorious and extensive of that kind; and this may justly be an encouragement to welldisposed charitable persons, to “ honour the Lord with their substance,” by contributing, as they are able, to promote the spreading of the gospel among them. This also may incite and encourage gentlemen who are incorporated and intrusted with the care and disposal of those liberal benefactions, which have already been made by pious persons to that end; and likewise the missionaries themselves that are or may be employed; and it may be of direction to both, as to the proper qualifications of missionaries, and the proper measures to be taken in order to their success.

One thing in particular I would take occasion from the foregoing history to mention and propose to the consideration of such as have the care of providing and sending missionaries among the heathen; viz. Whether it would not ordinarily be best to send two together? It is pretty manifest that Mr. Brainerd’s going as he did, alone into the howling wilderness, was one great occasion of such a prevailing melancholy on his mind, which was his greatest disadvantage. He was much in speaking of it himself, when he was here in his dying state; and expressed himself to this purpose, that none could conceive of the disadvantage a missionary in such circumstances was under by being alone; especially as it exposed him to discouragement and melancholy. He spoke of the wisdom of Christ in sending forth his disciples by two and two; and left it as his dying advice to his brother, never to go to Susquahannah to travel about in that remote wilderness, to preach to the Indians there, as he had often done, without the company of a fellow missionary.

x 3 VIII. One thing more may not be unprofitably observed in the preceding account of Mr. Brainerd; and that is the special and remarkable disposal of divine providence, with regard to the circumstances of his last sickness and death.

Though he had been long infirm, his constitution being much broken by fatigues and hardships; and though he was often brought very low by illness before he left Kaunaumeek, and also while he lived at the Forks of Delaware; yet his life was preserved till he had seen that which he had so long and greatly desired and sought, a glorious work of grace among the Indians, and had received the wished-for blessing of God on his labours. Though as it were “ in deaths oft,” yet he lived to behold the happy fruits of the long continued travail of his soul and labour of his body, in the wonderful conversion of many of the heathen, and the happy effect of it in the great change of their conversation, with many circumstances which afforded a fair prospect of the continuance of God’s blessing upon them; as may appear by what I shall further observe presently.-—Thus he did not “ depart, till his eyes had seen God’s salvation.”

Though it was the pleasure of God, that he should be taken off from his labours among that people to whom God had made him a spiritual father, who were so dear to him, - and for whose spiritual welfare he was so greatly concerned; yet this was not before they were well initiated and instructed in the Christian religion, thoroughly weaned from their old heathenish notions and practices, and all their prejudices and jealousies, which tended to keep their minds unsettled, were fully removed. They were also confirmed and. fixed in the Christian faith and manners, were formed into a church, had ecclesiastical ordinances and discipline introduced and settled; were brought into a good way with respect to the education of children, had a schoolmaster sent to them in providence, excellently qualified for the business, and had a school set up and established in good order among them. They had been well brought off from their former idle, strolling, sottish way of living; had removed from their former scattered uncertain habitations, and were collected in a town by themselves, on a good piece of land of their own; were introduced into the way of living by husbandry, and begun to experience its benefits. These things were but just brought to pass by his indefatigable application and carey and then he was taken off from his work by illness. If this had been but a little sooner, they would by no means have been so well prepared for such a dispensation; and it probably would have been unspeakably more injurious’ to their spiritual interest, and to the cause of Christianity among them. _ The time and circumstances of his illness were so ordered, that he had just opportunity to finish his Journal, and prepare it for the press; giving an account of the marvellous display of divine power and grace among the Indians in New-Jersey, and at the Forks of Delaware: his doing which was of great consequence, and therefore urged upon him by the Correspondents, who have honoured his Journal with a Preface. The world being particularly and justly informed of that affair by Mr. Brainerd, before his death, a foundation was hereby laid for a concern in others for that cause, and proper care and measures to be taken for maintaining it after his death. It has actually proved to be of great influence and benefit in this respect, having excited and engaged many in those parts and also more distant parts of America, to exert themselves for the upholding and promoting so good and glorious a work, remarkably opening their hearts and hands to that end: and not only in America, but in Great Britain, where that Journal has been an occasion of some large benefactions, made for promoting the interest of Chris. tianity among the Indians. Had Mr. Brainerd been taken ill but a little sooner, he would not have been able to complete his Journal, and prepare a copy for the press.

He was not taken off from the work of the ministry among his people, till his Brother was in a capacity to succeed him. Happily too he succeeds him in the like spirit, and under his prudent and faithful care the congregation has flourished, which probably could not otherwise have been so well provided for. If Mr. Brainerd had been disabled sooner, his Brother would by no means have been ready to stand up in his place; having taken his first degree at college but about the very time he was seized with his fatal consumption.

Though in the winter that he lay sick at Mr. Dikinson’s in Elisabeth-Town, he continued for a long time in an extremely low state, so that his life was almost despaired: of, and his state was sometimes such that he was hardly expected to live a day; yet his life was spared a while longer.

x 4 He lived to see his Brother arrived in New-Jersey, being come to succeed him in the care of his Indians; and he himself had opportunity to assist in his examination and introduction into his business; and to commit the conduct of his dear people to one whom he well knew and could put confidence in, and use freedom with in giving him particular instructions and charges, and under whose care he could leave his congregation with great cheerfulness.

The providence of God was remarkable in so ordering it, that before his death he should take a journey into New- England, and go to Boston; which was in many respects of very great and happy consequence to the interest of religion, especially among his own people. By this means, as has been observed, he was brought into acquaintance with many persons of note and influence, ministers and others, belonging both to the town and various parts of the country; and had opportunity, under the best advantages, to bear a testimony for God and true religion, and against those false appearances of it that have proved most pernicious to the interests of Christ’s kingdom in the land. And the providence of God is particularly observable in this circumstance of the testimony he bore for true religion, viz. that he was there brought so near the grave, and continued so long on the very brink of eternity; and from time to time considered himself and was considered by others, as just leaving the world; and that in these circumstances he should be so particularly directed and assisted in his thoughts and views of religion, to distinguish between the true and the false with such clearness and evidence; and that after this he should be unexpectedly and surprisingly restored and strengthened, so far as to be able to converse freely; and have such opportunity and special occasions to declare his sentiments in these apparently dying circumstances; and to bear his testimony concerning the nature of true religion, and concerning the mischievous tendency of its most prevalent counterfeits and false appearances; as things he had a special distinct view of at that time, when he expected in a few minutes to be in eternity; and the certainty and importance of which were then, in a peculiar manner, impressed on his mind.

Among the happy consequences of his going to Boston, were those liberal benefactions before-mentioned, which were made by pious disposed persons for maintaining and-promoting the interest of religion among his people: and also the meeting of a number of gentlemen in Boston, of note and ability, to consult upon measures for that purpose; who were excited by their acquaintance and conversation with Mr. Brainerd, and by the account of the great things God had wrought by his ministry, to unite themselves, that by their joint endeavours and contributions they might promote the kingdom of Christ, and the spiritual good of their fellowcreatures, among the Indians in New-Jersey and elsewhere.

It was also remarkable that Mr. Brainerd should go to Boston at that time, after the honourable Commissioners of the corporation in London for propagating the gospel in New-England and parts adjacent, had received Dr. William’s legacy for the maintaining of two missionaries among the Heathen; and at a time when they having concluded ona mission to the Indians of the Six Nations, were looking out for fit persons to be employed in that important service. This proved an occasion of their committing to him the affair of finding and recommending suitable persons, which has proved a successful means of two persons being found and actually appointed to that business; who seem to be well qualified for it, and to have their hearts greatly engaged in it.

These happy consequences of Mr. Brainerd’s journey to Boston would have been prevented, in case he had died, when he was brought so near to death in New-Jersey. Or if after he came first to Northampton, (where he was much at a loss and long deliberating which way to bend his course,) he had determined not to go to Boston.

The providence of God was observable in his going to Boston at a time when not only the honourable Commissioners were seeking missionaries to the Six Nations, but just after his Journal, which gives an account of his labours and success among the Indians, had been received and spread in Boston; whereby his name was known, and the minds of serious people were well prepared to receive his person and the testimony he there gave for God; to exert themselves for upholding and promoting the interest of religion in his congregation, and amongst the Indians elsewhere; and to regard his judgment concerning the qualifications of missionaries, &c. If he bad gone there the preceding autumn (when he had intended to have made his journey into New-England, but was prevented by a sudden increase of his illness,) it would not have been likely to answer so good a purpose, nor if he had not been unexpectedly detained in Boston; for when he went from my house, he intended to make but a very short stay there; but divine providence by his being brought so low there, detained him long, and thereby to make way for fulfilling its own gracious designs.

The providence of God was remarkable in so ordering it, that although he was brought so very near the grave in Boston, that it was not in the least expected he would ever come alive out of his chamber; yet he wonderfully revived, and was preserved several months longer: so that he had opportunity to see, and fully to converse with both his younger Brethren before he died. This was what he greatly desired, especially to see his brother John, with whom was left the care of his congregation; that he might be fully - informed of their state, and might leave with him such instructions and directions as were requisite in order to their spiritual welfare, and to send to them his dying charges and counsels. He had also opportunity, by means of this suspension of his death, to find and recommend a couple of persons fit to be employed as Missionaries to the Six Nations, as had been desired of him.

Thus, although it was the pleasure of a sovereign God, that he should be taken away from his congregation, the people whom he had begotten through the gospel, and. who were so dear to him; yet it was granted him before he died that he should see them every way well provided for. He saw that they had one to instruct them, and take care of their souls; his own brother, in whom he could confide. He saw a good foundation laid for the support of the school among them, those things that before were wanting in order toit being supplied; and he had the prospect of a Charitable Society being established, of able and well-disposed persons, who seem to make the spiritual interest of his congregation their own. Whereby he had a comfortable view of their being well provided for in future: he had also opportunity to leave all his dying charges with his successor in the pastoral care of his people, and by him to send his dying councels to them. Thus God granted him to see all things happily settled, or in a hopeful way of being so, before his death, with respect to his dear people.—And whereas not only his own congregation, but the souls of the Indians in Narth- America in general, were very dear to him, and he had greatly set his heart on propagating and extending the kingdom of Christ among them; God was pleased to grant to him, (however it was his will that he should be taken away, and so should not be the immediate instrument of their instruction and conversion, yet,) that before his death, he should see unexpected extraordinary provision made for this also. And it is remarkable that God not only allowed him to see such provision made for maintaining the interest of religion among his own people, and the propagation of it elsewhere; but honoured him by making Aim the means or occasion of it. And notwithstanding Mr. Brainerd, was in an extremely weak and low state during the last four months of his life, yet it is very probable that he was made the instrument or means of much mare good in that space of time, than he would have, been if he had been well and in full strength. Thus “God’s power was manifested in his weakness, and the life of Christ was manifested in his mortal flesh.” Another thing in which the merciful designs of providence appears with respect to his death, was, that he did not die in the wilderness, among the savages at Kaunaumeek, or the Forks of Delaware, or at Susquahannah; but in a place where his dying behaviour and speeches might be observed and remembered, and some account given of them for the benefit of survivers; and also where care might be taken of him. in his sickness, and proper honours done him at his death. The providence of God is also worthy of remark, ia so overruling and ordering the matter, that he did not finally leave absolute orders for the entire suppression of his private papers; as he had intended and fully resolved, insomuch that all the i importunity of his friends could scarcely restrain hima from doing it while sick at Boston. One thing relating to this is very remarkable, viz. that his brother, a little before his death, should come from the Jerseys unexpectedly, and bring his Diary to him, though he had received no such order. So that he had opportunity of access to these papers, and for reviewing them; without which it appears he would at last have ordered them to be wholly suppressed. But after this, he the more readily yielded to the desires of his friends, and was willing to leave them in their hands to be disposed of as they thought might be most for God’s glory:

316 REFLECTIONS, &c.

by which means, “he being dead, yet speaketh,” in these memoirs of his life, taken from those private writings. It is therefore to be hoped he may still be as it were the instrument of promoting the interest of religion in this world; the advancement of which he so much desired, and hoped would be accomplished after his death.

If these circumstances of Mr. Brainerd’s death be duly considered, I doubt not but they will be acknowledged as a notable instance of God’s fatherly care and covenant-faithfulness towards those who are devoted to him, and faithfully

serve him while they live; whereby “he never fails nor for-.

sakes them, but is with them living and dying; so that whether they live, they live to the Lord; or whether they die, they die to the Lord ;” and both in life and death they are owned and taken care of as his ——Mr. Brainerd himself, when near his end, often noticed the merciful circumstances of his death; and said from time to time, that “ God had granted him all his desire.”

1 would not conclude my observations on the merciful circumstances of Mr. Brainerd’s death, without acknowledging with thankfulness, the gracious dispensation of providence to me and my family, in so ordering it that he should be brought to my house in his last sickness, and should die here, though the ordinary place of his abode was more than two hundred miles distant; so that we had opportunity for much acquaintance and conversation with him, to shew him kindness in such circumstances, to see his dying behaviour, to hear his dying speeches, to receive his dying counsels, and to have the benefit of his dying prayers. May God in infinite mercy grant that we may ever retain a proper remembrance of these things, and make a due improvement of them. The Lord grant also, that the foregoing account of Mr. Brainerd’s life and death may be for the great spiritual benefit of all that shall read it, and prove a happy means of

promoting the revival of true religion in these parts of the world! Amen.

THE