Front matter
The First Urban Churches 5 Colossae, Hierapolis, and Laodicea
Edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn
Writings from the Greco-Roman World Supplements
The First Urban Churches 5 Colossae, Hierapolis, and Laodicea
Writings from the Greco-Roman world Supplement series Clare K. Rothschild, General Editor Number 16
The First Urban Churches 5 Colossae, Hierapolis, and Laodicea Edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn
Atlanta Copyright © 2019 by Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data First urban churches / edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn. volumes cm. — (Society of Biblical Literature. Writings from the Greco-Roman world Supplement series ; Number 7) Includes bibliographical references.
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1. City churches. 2. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30–600.
3. Cities and towns—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Harrison, James R., 1952– editor.
BV637.F57 2015
270.109173'2—dc23 2015021858
Contents Abbreviations....................................................................................................vii Part 1. Introduction to the Lycus Valley
Perspectives on the Lycus Valley: An Inscriptional, Archaeological, Numismatic, and Iconographic Approach Alan H. Cadwallader and James R. Harrison..........................................3
Part 2. Responses to Ulrich Huttner's Perspectives on the Lycus Valley Colossians, Hierapolitan Coins—and the Young Bearers of Hope
Ulrich Huttner...........................................................................................73
Unraveling the Threads of Identity: Cloth and Clothing in the Lycus Valley Rosemary Canavan...................................................................................81
On the Question of Comparative Method in Historical Research: Colossae and Chonai in Larger Frame
Alan H. Cadwallader..............................................................................105
Salience, Multiple Affiliation, and Christ Belief in the Lycus Valley: A Conversation with Ulrich Huttner's Early
Christianity in the Lycus Valley Harry O. Maier........................................................................................153
Part 3. Thematic Essays on the Lycus Valley Initiation, Vision, and Spiritual Power: The Hellenistic
Dimensions of the Problem at Colossae Clinton E. Arnold...................................................................................173
vi Contents Everyday Life in a Roman Town Like Colossae:
The Papyrological Evidence Peter Arzt-Grabner.................................................................................187
A City with a Message: Colossae and Colossians Angela Standhartinger...........................................................................239
Employing Numismatic Evidence in Discussions of Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley: A Case Study from Laodicea
Michael P. Theophilos............................................................................257
Rome's Market Economy in the Lycus Valley: Soundings from Laodicea and Colossae Michael Trainor.......................................................................................293
Has the Vita Abercii Misled Epigraphists in the Reconstruction of the Inscription?
Allen Brent...............................................................................................325
The Inscriptions and Oracular Prophecy in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin: Assessing the Book of Revelation in Its Graeco-Roman Revelatory Context James R. Harrison...................................................................................363
Contributors...................................................................................................417
Primary Sources Index..................................................................................421
Modern Authors Index.................................................................................447
Abbreviations Primary Sources 2 Clem.
2 Clement Acts Phil.
Acts of Philip Adv. pag.
Orosius, Adversus paganos Aen.
Vergil, Aeneid A.J.
Josephus, Antiquitates judaicae Alex.
Lucian, Alexander Amic.
Cicero, De amicitia Anab.
Arrian, Anabasis; Xenophon, Anabasis Ann.
Tacitus, Annales Anth. Pal.
Palatine Anthology Apol.
Seneca, Apolocyntosis; Apuleius, Apologia Arch.
Vitruvius, De architectura Att.
Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum Avod. Zar.
Avodah Zarah Bapt.
Tertullian, De baptismo Bell. Mith.
Appian, Bellum Mithridaticum Bib. hist.
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica C Codex Coislinianus Carm.
Horace, Carmina Chron.
Eusebius, Chronicon; John Malalas, Chronicle, Michael Choniates, Chronicon, Theophanes, Chronicle
Civ.
Augustine, De civitate Dei Clem.
Seneca, De clementia Comm.
Commodus Cor.
Clemens Romanus, Epistula ad Corinthios Descr.
Pausanias, Graeciae descriptio Dial.
Justin Martyr, Dialogus -vii -
viii Abbreviations Dig.
Digest Disc.
Epictetus, Discourses Dom.
Suetonius, Domitianus Ecl.
Calpunius Siculus, Eclogue; Titus Calpurnius, Eclogues; Vergil, Eclogae Eleg.
Propertius, Eligiae Ep.
Epistle Eph.
Ignatius, To the Ephesians Epigr.
Martial, Epigrams Epist.
Justin, Epitome historiarum Trogi Pompeii Ethn.
Stephanus, Ethnica Fam.
Cicero, Epistulae ad familares Flac.
Cicero, Pro Flacco Flacc.
Philo, In Flaccum Frag. ep.
Julian, Fragmentum epistolae Gal.
Julian, Contra Galilaeos Geogr.
Strabo, Geographica H Codex Hierosolymitanus Sabaiticus Hipp.
Apollonius Citensis, In Hippocratis de articulis commentarius Hist.
Herodian, History of the Empire; Herodotus, Historiae; Polybius, Histories; Tacitus, Histories; Zonaras,
Epitome historiarum Hist. Aug.
Historia Augusta Hist. eccl.
Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica; Socrates; Historia ecclesiastica; Sozmen, Historia ecclesiastica; Theodoret, Historia ecclesiastica
Hist. rom.
Dio Cassius, Historiae romanae Hom.
Asterius of Amasea, Homilies Hom. Col.
John Chrysostomus, Homilies on Colossians Leg.
Philo, Legum allegoriae Legat.
Philo, Legatio ad Gaium LXX Septuagint m.
Mishnah M Codex Mosquensis Magn.
Ignatius, To the Magnesians Mart. Phil.
Martyrdom of Philip Metam.
Apuleius, Metamorphoses Myst.
Iamblicus, De mysteriis
Abbreviations ix Nat.
Pliny, Naturalist historia Od.
Homer, Odyssey Or.
Aelius Aristides, Orationes; Dio Chrysostom, Orations; Julian, Orations; Gregory of Nazianzus,
Orations P Codex Parisianus graecus Pasch.
Melito of Sardis, Peri pascha Phld.
Ignatius, To the Philadelphians Phil.
Polycarp, To the Philippians Pol.
Ignatius, To Polycarp Protr.
Clement, Protrepticus Quaest. conv.
Plutarch, Quaestionum convivialum libri IX Ref.
Hippolytus, Refutatio omnia haeresium Res. gest. divi Aug.
Res gestae divi Augusti Sib. Or.
Sibylline Oracle Sim.
Shepherd of Hermas, Similitudes Smyrn.
Ignatius, To the Smyrnaeans Strateg.
Polyaenus, Strategemata Them.
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De thematibus Tib.
Suetonius, Tiberius Trall.
Ignatius, To the Trallians Trist.
Ovid, Tristia Vit. Aberc.
Vita Abercii Vit. soph.
Philostratus, Vita sophistarum Secondary Sources AA Archäologischer Anzeiger AAT Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino
AB Anchor Bible ABR Australian Biblical Review AÉ Cagnat, Ren., et al., ed. L'Année Épigraphique. Paris:
Presses universitaires de France, 1888–.
Aeg Aegyptus Aev Aevum: Rassegna de scienze, storiche, linguistiche, e filologiche AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJEC Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity AJP American Journal of Philology
x Abbreviations AKG Arbeiten zur Kirchengeschichte AncSoc Ancient Society Annales Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociale ANRW Temporini, Hildegard, and Wolfgang Haase, eds. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt:
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1972–.
APB Acta Patristica et Byzantina APF Archiv für Papyrusforschung AS Anatolian Studies BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BARIS British Archaeological Reports International Series
BASP Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists BCH Bulletin de correspondance hellénique BE Bulletin épigraphique BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BGU Schubart, W., et. al., eds. Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Königlichen (later Staatlichen) Museen zu
Berlin, Griechische Urkunden. Berlin, 1895–2005.
Bib Biblica BL Preisigke, Friedrich, et al., eds. Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Ägypten. 12 vols.
Leiden: Brill, 1922–2009.
BL Add MS British Library Additional Manuscript BMC Phrygia Head, Barclay V. A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Phrygia. London: British
Museum, 1906.
BMC Sicily Poole, R. S., ed. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Sicily. London: British Museum,
1876.
BN Biblische Notizen BNP Brill's Neue Pauly BNTC Black's New Testament Commentaries BR Biblical Research BSac Bibliotheca Sacra
Abbreviations xi BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentlich
Wissenschaft C.Epist.Lat.
Cugusi, P., ed. Corpus Epistolarum Latinarum, papyris tabulis ostracis servatarum. 3 vols. Florence:
Gonnelli, 1992–2002.
C.Ptol.Sklav.
Scholl, R., ed. Corpus der ptolemäischen Sklaventexte. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1990.
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CdE Chronique d'Égypte Ch.L.A.
Bruckner, A., et al., eds. Chartae Latinae Antiquiores. 49 vols. Basel: Dietikon-Zurich, 1954–1998.
CIG Boeckh, August, ed. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. 4 vols. Berlin: Reimer, 1828–1877.
CIJ Corpus inscriptionum judacarum. Vatican City:
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CIL Corpus inscriptionum Latinarium. Berlin, 1862–.
ClQ Classical Quarterly CP Classical Philology CPR Corpus Papyrorum Raineri CurBR Currents in Biblical Research DEG Chantraine, Pierre. Dictionnaire étymologique de langue grecque: Histoire des mots. 5 vols. Librairie
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DNP Cancik, Hubert, and Helmuth Schneider, eds. Der neue Pauly: Enzyklopädie der Antike. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1996–.
EA Epigraphica Anatolica EBGR Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion ECAM Early Christianity in Asia Minor ECL Early Christianity and Its Literature EJJS European Journal of Jewish Studies GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament
xii Abbreviations HThKNT Herders Theogischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological Studies ICC International Critical Commentary ICUR Inscriptiones christianae Urbis Romae IBoubon Kokkinia, Christina, ed. Boubon: The Inscriptions and Archaeological Remains, a Survey 2004–2006.
Meletemata 60. Athens: de Boccard, 2008.
IDidyma Rehm, R., ed. Die Inschriften. Vol. 2 of Didyma.
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IEph Wankel, Hermann, et al., eds. Die Inschriften von Ephesos. 8 vols. Bonn: Habelt, 1979–1984.
IG Inscriptiones Graecae. Editio Minor. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1924– IGBulg Mihailov, Georgi. Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria pertae. Sofia: Academiae Litterarum Bulgaricae,
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IGRR Cagnat, René, J. Touvain, Pierre Jouguet, and Georges Lafaye, eds. Inscriptiones graecae ad res romanas pertinentes. 4 vols. Paris: Leroux; Rome:
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IGSK Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien IJO Noy, David, et al., eds. Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis. 3 vols. TSAJ 99, 101, 102. Tübingen: Mohr
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IK Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien IstForsch Istanbuler Forschungen IstMitt Istanbuler Mitteilungen ILaodikeia Corsten, Thomas. Die Inschriften von Laodikeia am
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IMagnesia Kern, Otto. Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Maeander. Berlin: Spemann, 1900.
Abbreviations xiii IMilet Rehm, Albert. Milet. 9 vols. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1908–1928.
IMylasa Blümel, Wolfgang. Die Inschriften von Mylasa. 2 vols. Bonn: Habelt, 1987–1988.
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IStratonikeia Şahin, Mehmet Çetin. The Inscriptions of Stratonikeia. IGSK 68. Bonn: Habelt, 2010.
JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion JAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JECH Journal of Early Christian History JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies JGRChJ Journal of Greco-Roman Judaism and Christianity
JIWE Noy, David. Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe.
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JNG Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte JJP Journal of Juristic Papyrology JÖAI Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen
Instituts in Wien JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology JRASup Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement Series
JRS Journal of Roman Studies JSJSup Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods Supplement Series
JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series
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Meyer, Paul Martin, ed. Juristische Papyri. Berlin:
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xiv Abbreviations KEK Kritish-exegetische Kommentar über das Neue Testament LBW Le Bas, Philippe, and William Henry Waddington, eds. Inscriptions grecques et latines. Paris: Didot,
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LGPN Balzat, Jean-Sébastien, Richard W. V. Catling, Édouard Chiricat, and Thomas Corsten. Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. Oxford: Clarendon, 2018.
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LSJ Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Roderick McKenzie. A Greek-English
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Med Arch Mediterranean Archaeology MOTP Bauckham, Richard, James R. Davila, and Alexander Panayotov, eds. Old Testament Pseudepigrapha:
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NCB New Century Bible NCBC New Cambridge Bible Commentary NEASB Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin
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Abbreviations xv NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary
NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTS New Testament Studies NovTSup Novum Testamentum Supplement NTTSD New Testament Tools, Studies and Documents
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Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt, ed. The Amherst Papyri, Being an Account of the Greek Papyri in the Collection of the Right Hon. Lord Amherst of Hackney, F.S.A. at Didlington Hall, Norfolk. 2 vols.
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P.Ant.
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Maspero, Jean, ed. Papyrus grecs d'époque byzantine, Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire. 3 vols. Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 1911–1916.
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Abbreviations xix P.Turner Parsons, Patricia J., and Helen Cockle, eds. Papyri Greek and Egyptian Edited by Various Hands in Honour of Eric Gardner Turner on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. London: Egypt Exploration
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P.Ups.Frid.
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P.Warr.
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PIR Prosopographia Imperii Romani PKNT Papyrologische Kommentare zum Neuen Testament
PSI Vitelli, G., et al., eds. Papiri greci e latini. 15 vols.
Florence: Pubblicazioni della Società Italiana per la ricerca dei papiri greci e latini in Egitto, 1912–1957.
PzB Protokolle zur Bibel RBPH Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire RECAM Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor
RevExp Review and Expositor RGRW Religions in the Graeco-Roman World RIC 1 Sutherland, C. H. V. 31 BC to AD 69, Augustus to Vitellius. Vol. 1 of Roman Imperial Coinage.
London: Spink, 1984.
Abbreviations xx RIC 2 Mattingly, Harold, et al. Vespasian to Hadrian. Vol.
2 of The Roman Imperial Coinage. London: Spink, 1972.
RPC Amandry, M., and A. Burnett. Roman Provincial Coinage. London: British Museum; Paris: Bibliothéque nationale de France, 1992–.
RPC CS Ripollès, P., A. Burnett, M. Amandry, I. Carradice, and M. Spoerri. Roman Provincial Coinage, Consolidated Supplement I–III. Oxford: Ashmolean
Museum, 1992–2015.
RPC Supp. 1
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, and P. P. Ripolles. Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement I. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 1999.
RPC Supp. 2
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, P. P. Ripollès, and I. Carradice. Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement II.
London: British Museum Press, 2006.
RPC Supp. 3
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, I. Carradice, P. P. Ripollès, and M. Spoerri. Roman Provincial Coinage,
Supplement III. New York: The American Numismatic Society, 2014.
RPC Supp. 4
Amandry, M., A. Burnett, A. Hostein, J. Mairat, P. P.
Ripollès, and M. S. Butcher. Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement 4. London: British Museum Press,
2017.RPC Supp. 5
Amandry, M., A. Burnett, A. Hostein, J. Mairat, P. P.
Ripollès, and M. S. Butcher. Roman Provincial Coinage, Supplement 5. London: British Museum Press,
2019.
RRA Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity SB Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten
SBLSBS Society of Biblical Literature Sources for Biblical Study SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers
SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum SIG Dittenberger, Wilhelm. Sylloge inscriptonum graecarum. 4 vols. 3rd ed. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1915–1924.
SNG Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph
Series
Abbreviations xxi SNTSU Studien zum Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt SP Sacra pagina SPP Wessely, C. Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde. Leipzig: Avenarius, 1901—1924.
STOA Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments StPatr Studia Patristica SUNT Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments T.Dacia Russu, I. I., ed. Tablitele Cerate Dacice. Bucharest:
Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1975.
T.Hercul.
Camodeca, Giuseppe. "Tabulae Herculanenses:
Riedizione delle emptiones di schiavi (TH 59–62)."
Pages 53–76 in Quaestiones Iuris: Festschrift für Joseph Georg Wolf zum 70. Geburtstag. Edited by Ulrich Manthe and Christoph Krampe. Freiburger rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlungen 2/36. Berlin:
Duncker & Humblot, 2000.
T.Jucundus Zangemeister, K., ed. Tabulae ceratae Pompeis repertae annis MCCCLXXV et MCCCLXXXVII. CILSup
4.1. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1898.
T.Sulpicii Camodeca, G., ed. Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum: Edizione critica dell'archivio puteolano dei
Sulpicii. 2 vols. Rome: Quasar, 1999.
T.Vind.
Speidel, Michael Alexander, ed. Die römischen Schreibtafeln von Vindonissa. Brugg: Gesellschaft Pro
Vindonissa, 1996.
T.Vindol.
Bowman, A. K., an J. D. Thomas, ed. Vindolanda:
The Latin Writing Tablets. 3 vols. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1983–2003.
TAM Kalinka, E., et al., eds. Tituli Asiae Minoris. 5 vols.
Vindobonae: Hoelder-Pichler-Tempsky; 1920– 1989.
THKNT Theologischer Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament TPINTC TPI New Testament Commentaries TSAJ Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum TU Texte und Untersuchungen TynBul Tyndale Bulletin VCSup Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae
Abbreviations xxii VeEc Verbum et Ecclesia W.Chr.
Mitteis, L., and U. Wilcken, eds. Grundzüge und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde. 2 vols. Leipzig:
Teubner, 1912.
WBC Word Biblical Commentary WD Wort und Dienst WUNT Wisssenschaftliche Untersuchungenzum Neuen
Testament ZKT Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
ZSS Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte
Part 1 Introduction to the Lycus Valley