8. The Sentences, Book IV, Distinctions 43-50:
NOTES TO PAGES I 74 —182
Testamento de minoribus bonis, et de minoribus malis. De minoribus bonis est coniugium, quod non meretur palmam, sed est in remedium. De mino ribus malis, id est de venialibus, est coitus qui fit causa incontinentiae. Illud, id est coniugium, indulgetur: id est conceditur; illud vero, id est coitus talis, permittitur: id est toleratur, ita quod non prohibetur." Brady's lection permissio does not make sense, which is why I have replaced it with the con jectural indulgentia.
90. Ibid., chap. 5, no. 1 (p. 419).
91. Ibid., chap. 5, no. 2 (p. 419).
92. Ibid., dist. 26, chap. 6, no. 1 (pp. 419^).
93. Ibid., dist. 28, chap. 3, no. 1 (p. 434).
94. Ibid., dist. 27, chap. 6, no. 3 (p. 421).
95. Ibid., dist. 28, chap. 3, no. 2 (p. 435).
96. Ibid., dist. 27, chap. 2 (p. 422).
97. Ibid.
98. Ibid., dist. 28, chap. 4, no. 1 (p. 435): "Quia enim non ancilla vel domina datur."
99. See ibid., dist. 30, chap. 2, no. 3 (p. 440).
100. See Colish, Peter Lombard, 695; and Joseph de Ghellinck, S.J., "Pierre Lombard," Dictionnaire de theologie catholique XII/2 (1935): 1941—2019, at 2000. De Ghellinck speaks of "sa conception incomplete de la collation de la grace par le mariage."
101. Colish, Peter Lombard, 695.
8. THE SENTENCES, BOOK IV, DISTINCTIONS 43 —50: ON THE
RESURRECTION AND THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF JUDGMENT
1. Sentences 4, dist. 43, chap. 1, no. 1 (p. 510).
2. See Colish, Peter Lombard, 700-703.
3. Sentences 4, dist. 43, chap. 1, no. 2 (p. 510).
4. Ibid., dist. 47, chap. 1, no. 1 (p. 537).
5. Ibid., nos. 2-3 (p. 510).
6. Ibid., chap. 3 (p. 512).
7. Ibid., chap. 4, no. 1 (p.512).
8. Ibid., no. 2 (p. 513).
9. According to Marcia Colish, "facts that occurred openly will be known openly in the next life" (Peter Lombard, 711), but there is nothing in the text to support this interpretation.
10. Ibid., chap. 6, no. 5 (p.515).
11. Ibid., dist. 44, chap. 2, no. 3 (p. 518).
12. Peter does not use the expression "spiritual body" (corpus spintuale)
NOTES TO PAGES 182—I9O
in the eschatology of book 4, although it occurs, in book 2 to describe the bodies of the resurrected; see Sentences 2, dist. 19, chap. 2, no. 2 (p. 423).
13. Sentences 4, dist. 44, chap. 3, no. 2 (p. 519).
14. Ibid., dist. 45, chap. 2, no. 2 (p. 524).
15. Ibid., chap. 4, no. 2 (p. 526).
16. Ibid., chap. 6, no. 3 (p. 527).
17. Ibid., no. 5 (p. 528).
18. Ibid., no. 6 (p. 529).
19. Ibid., dist. 46, chap. 3, nos. 1—2 (pp. 532f.).
20. Ibid., chap. 5, no. 5 (p. 537).
21. Ibid., dist. 47, chap. 2, no. 3 (p. 538).
22. Colish, Peter Lombard, 712.
23. Sentences 4, dist. 47, chap. 3, no. 2 (p. 539).
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., no. 3 (p. 539). Colish describes this group as being composed of people "who died with unexpiated but repented sins on their consciences"
(Peter Lombard, 712). This statement is not borne out by the text of the Sentences.
26. Sentences 4, dist. 47, chap. 3, no. 3 (p. 539).
27. Ibid., chap. 4, no. 4 (p. 541).
28. Ibid., dist. 48, chap. 1, no. 1 (p. 542).
29. Ibid., chap. 2, no. 3 (p. 544).
30. Ibid., chap. 5, no. 3 (p. 546).
31. Ibid., no. 7 (p. 547).
32. Ibid., dist. 49, chap. 1, no. 5 (p. 549).
33. See Thomas Aquinas, Scriptum super libros Sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi, book 4, dist. 49, qu. 1, art. 3, quest. 3, resp.
34. Sentences 4, dist. 49, chap. 1, no. 7 (p. 550).
35. Ibid., no. 8 (p. 551).
36. Peter Lombard's ideas on the beatific vision are treated, albeit only in passing and in a broader historical context, in Nikolaus Wicki, Die Lehre von der himmlischen SeligCeit in der mittelalterlichen Scholastic von Petrus Lombardus bis Thomas von Aquin, Studia friburgensia N.F. 9 (Freiburg, Switzer land: Universitatsverlag, 1954).
37. Sentences 4, dist. 49, chap. 1, no. 1 (p. 548).
38. Ibid., nos. 1—2 (p. 548).
39. Ibid., no. 2 (pp. 548f.).
40. Dist. 49, chap. 1, no. 2 (p. 551) speaks, in passing, of people of greater and lesser merit: aliquis magis meritus . . . aliquis minus meritus.
41. See Wicki, Die Lehre von der himmlischen SeligCeit, ii5f. with nn. 10 and 11.
NOTES TO PAGES I9O—I99
42. Sentences 4, dist. 49, chap. 2, no. 2 (p. 551).
43. Ibid., chap. 3, no. 2 (p. 552).
44. Ibid., no. 3 (p. 552).
45. Ibid., dist. 50, chap. 1, no. 4 (p. 554).
46. Ibid., chap. 2, no. 1 (p. 555). The scriptural text underlying this ques tion is Matthew 8:12.
47. Ibid.
48. Colish, Peter Lombard, 715.
49. Sentences 4, dist. 50, chap. 2, no. 3 (pp. 555Q.
50. Ibid., chap. 7, no. 2 (p. 559).
51. Ibid., explicit (p. 560): "Haec de pedibus Sedentis super solium excelsum, quos Seraphin duabus veils velabant, scriptori, etsi non auditori, commemorasse sufficit, qui a facie exorsus Sedentis, per media ad pedes usque
Via duce pervenit."
52. For an elucidation of the closing sentence, see Ceslao Pera, O.P., "Postilla alia conclusione delle 'Sentenze' di Pietro Lombardo," in Miscellanea lombardiana, 103—8. Pera gained inspiration from Aquinas's commentary on the passage.
CONCLUSION
1. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans.
Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage Books, 1990), 20.
2. Colish, Peter Lombard, 2.
3. In the following pages, I will frequently refer to contributions in the volume entitled Mediaeval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard:
Current Research, vol. 1, ed. G. R. Evans (Leiden/Boston/Cologne: Brill, 2002).
Moreover, a good selection of literature on the history of commentaries on the Sentences is available in John Van Dyk, "Thirty Years since Stegmiiller:
A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Medieval Sentence Commen taries since the Publication of Stegmiiller's Repertorium commentanorum in Sententias Petri Lombardi (1947)," Franciscan Studies 39 (1979): 255-315.
4. Many of Landgraf's and other scholars' studies on the earliest reception of the Sentences are listed in Artur Michael Landgraf, Einfuhrung in die
Geschichte der theologischen Literatur der Fruhscholastf unter dem Gesichtspun\te der Schulenbildung (Regensburg: Gregorius-Verlag, 1948), 96-109.
5. See John Marenbon, "Medieval Latin Commentaries and Glosses on Aristotelian Logical Texts, before c. 1150 A.D., in idem, Aristotelian Logic,
Platonism and the Context of Early Medieval Philosophy in the West, Variorum Collected Studies Series CS 696 (Aldershot, Hamps., and Burlington, Vt.:
Ashgate, 2000), article 2.
248 NOTES TO PAGES I99-203
6. Ibid., 80.
7. Ibid, 88.
8. Ibid, 96.
9. See ibid, 93.
10. See Olga Weijers, Le maniement du savoir: Pratiques intellectuelles a I'epoque des premieres universites (XI11'1—XIV' siecles), Studia Artistarum, Subsidia (Turnhout: Brepols, 1996).
11. See Raymond-M. Martin, O.P, "Filia Magistri: Un abrege des Sen tences de Pierre Lombard," Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 2 (1915): 370—
79> esP373-7512. See Martin Grabmann, Die Geschichte der scholastischen Methode, vol.
2, Die scholastische Methode im 12. und beginnenden 13. Jahrhundert (Freiburg, Germany: Herder, 1911; reprint, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1988), 389.
13. Artur Landgraf has partially edited an abbreviation from the 1180s in his article "Friihscholastische Abkiirzungen der Sentenzen des Lombarden," in Studia mediaevalia in honorem admodum Reverendi Patris Raymundi
Josephi Martin (Bruges: De Tempel, 1948), 171—99.
14. See Martin, "Filia Magistri," 372.
15. Hugh of St. Cher's authorship of the Filia Magistri is established in Artur Landgraf, "Mitteilungen zum Sentenzenkommentar Hugos a S.
Charo," Zeitschrift fur katholische Theologie 58 (1934): 391—400, at 392b 16. See Artur Landgraf, "Problemes relatifs aux premieres Gloses des
Sentences," Recherches de theologie ancienne et medievale 3 (1931): 140—57, esp.
142b Also see the same author's "Sentenzenglossen des beginnenden 13. Jahrhunderts," Recherches de theologie ancienne et medievale 10 (1938): 36—55, esp.
54b (which has a slightly dibferent taxonomy of the Sentences glosses).
17. See Joseph de Ghellinck, S.J, "Les notes marginales du Liber sententiarum," Revue d'histoire ecclesiastique 14 (1913): 511—36 and 705—19.
18. Ibid, 717.
19. See Artur Landgraf, "Drei Zweige der Pseudo-Poitiers-Glosse zu den Sentenzen des Lombarden," Recherches de theologie ancienne et medievale 9
(1937): 167-204.
20. See O. Lottin, O.S.B, "Le prologue des Gloses sur les Sentences attribuees a Pierre de Poitiers," Recherches de theologie ancienne et medievale 7
(r935): 7°-73Also see the detailed discussion in Philip S. Moore, C.S.C, The Works of Peter of Poitiers, Master in Theology and Chancellor of Paris (11931203) (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America, 1936), 145—64.
21. See Raymond-M. Martin, O.P, "Notes sur l'ceuvre litteraire de Pierre le Mangeur," Recherches de theologie ancienne et medievale 3 (1931): 54—66, esp.
60-64. On PP63b of this article, Pere Martin has edited the prologue of the Pseudo-Poitiers gloss. An additional section of the prologue was subsequently
NOTES TO PAGES 203-205
discovered and edited by Dom Lottin (see the article cited in the preceding note). In addition, Ludwig Hodl has recently edited the glosses on Sentences
1, dist. 25, chap. 3; see his article "Die Sentenzen des Petrus Lombardus in der Diskussion seiner Schule," in Mediaeval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, 25—40, at 37—40.
22. A curious literary genre that came into existence in the early stages of the reception of the Sentences is exemplified by Master Udo's Summa super sententias, a text dating from around 1160-1165. Neither an abbreviation nor a gloss of the Master's work, the Summa follows the arrangement of topics, and sometimes even the words, found in the Boo\ of Sentences, without how ever intending to serve as a tool for the study of the Lombard. In fact, the Summa super sententias seems to have been conceived as an independent the ology. See O. Lottin, O.S.B., "Le premier commentaire connu des Sentences de Pierre Lombard," Recherches de theologie ancienne et medievale 11 (1939):
64-71.
23. See Artur Landgraf, "The First Sentence Commentary of Early Scho lasticism," The New Scholasticism 13 (1939): 101—32, esp. upf. Similar remarks occur in the preface to Landgraf's edition of the work: Der Sentenzenkpmmentar des Kardinals Stephan Langton, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Philoso phic und Theologie des Mittelalters 37:1 (Munster: Aschendorff, 1952), xxxvii.
24. Landgraf, Der Sentenzenhpmmentar des Kardinals Stephan Langton, 18.
25. See Magistri Alexandri de Hales Glossa in quatuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi, vol. 1, In librum primum, Bibliotheca Franciscana Scholastica
Medii Aevi 12 (Quaracci and Florence: Typographia Collogii S. Bonaventurae, 1951).
26. See Ignatius Brady, O.F.M., "The Distinctions of Lombard's Boo\ of Sentences and Alexander of Hales," Franciscan Studies 25 (1965): 90—116.
27. See, for instance, Magistri Alexandri de Hales Glossa, lib. 1, dist. 3, nos. 54-55 (pp. 73-74)- 28. One such exception occurs right at the beginning of the commentary on the prologue; see ibid., expositio prologi, no. 1 (p. 5).
29. See S. Bonaventurae Commentana in quattuor libros Sententiarum Mag istri Petri Lombardi, vol. 1, In primum librum Sententiarum, S. Bonaventurae
Opera Omnia 1 (Quaracchi: Typographia Collegii S. Bonaventurae, 1882).
30. See Philipp W. Rosemann, "What Is an Author? Bonaventure and Foucault on the Meaning of Authorship," Fealsunacht: A Journal of the Di alectical Tradition (Belfast) 2 (2001-2002): 23-45.
31. See Russell L. Friedman, "The Sentences Commentary, 1250-1320:
General Trends, the Impact of the Religious Orders, and the Test Case of Predestination," in Mediaeval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard,
41—128, esp. 84—100.
NOTES TO PAGES 205—207
32. See S. Thomae Aquinatis Scriptum super libros Sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi, ed. P. Mandonnet, O.P., vol. i (Paris: Lethielleux,
1929).
33. See Martin Grabmann, Die Werke des hi. Thomas von Aquin: eine literarhistorische Untersuchung und Einfuhrung, reprint of the 3d ed., Beitrage zur
Geschichte der Philosophic und Theologie des Mittelalters 22, 1/2 (Munster:
Aschendorff, 1967), 289.
34. On the composition of the Ordinatio, see C. Balic, Les commentaires de Jean Duns Scot sur les quatre livres des Sentences, Bibliotheque de la Revue d'histoire ecclesiastique 1 (Louvain: Bureaux de la Revue, 1927). Balic sum marizes his findings on pp. 239—46. Several aspects of his account have been challenged by Vladimir Richter, S.J., Studien zum literarischen Wer\ von Jo hannes Duns Scotus, Veroffentlichungen der Kommission fur die Herausgabe ungedruckter Texte aus der mittelalterlichen Geisteswelt 14 (Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1988).
35. See Ioannis Duns Scoti Ordinatio—Prologus, Opera Omnia, ed. C.
Balic, vol. 1 (Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1950).
36. See Friedman, "The Sentences Commentary, 1250—1320," 92.
37. See Ioannis Duns Scoti Ordinatio—Liber primus: Distinctio prima et secunda, Opera Omnia, ed. C. Balic, vol. 2 (Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis
Vaticanis, 1950), dist. 1, pars 3, qu. 5 (p. 124, 11. n—15).
38. Ioannis Duns Scoti Ordinatio—Prologus, ed. Balic, Introductio, p. 165*.
39. See Guillelmi de Ockham Scriptum in primum Sententiarum—Ordi natio: Prologus et distinctio prima, ed. G. Gal, O.F.M., and Stephen Brown,
O.F.M., Guillelmi de Ockham Opera philosophica et theologica, Opera theologica 1 (St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: Franciscan Institute, 1967).
40. See Maarten J. F. M. Ploenen, "The Commentary on the Sentences of Marsilius of Inghen," in Mediaeval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter
Lombard, 465—506, esp. 466.
41. See Paul J. J. M. Bakker and Chris Schabel, "Sentences Commentaries of the Later Fourteenth Century," in Mediaeval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, 425—64, esp. 428.
42. See Marsilius von Inghen, Quaestiones super quattuor libros Sententia rum, vol. 1, Super primum, Quaestiones i-y, ed. Manuel Santos Noya, Studies in the History of Christian Thought 87 (Leiden: Brill, 2000), xxvii-xxviii.
Hoenen presents a table that shows the correlation between Peter Lombard's distinctions and Marsilius s quaestiones; see Hoenen, "The Commentary on the Sentences of Marsilius of Inghen," 495.
43. Hoenen, "The Commentary on the Sentences of Marsilius of Inghen,"
496.
NOTES TO PAGES 207—210
44. See Marsilius von Inghen, Quaestiones super quattuor libros Sententiarum, vol. 1, ed. Santos Noya, xxvii n. 55.
45. John Van Dyk, "The Sentence Commentary: A Vehicle in the Intel lectual Transition of the Fifteenth Century," in Fifteenth-Century Studies, vol.
8, ed. G. R. Mermier and E. E. DuBruck (Detroit, Mich.: Fifteenth-Century Symposium, 1983), 227—38, at 230.
46. See ibid., 234.
47. Ibid., 232.
48. See Martin Grabmann, "Johannes Capreolus, O.P., der 'Princeps Thomistarum' (t 1444), und seine Stellung in der Geschichte der Thomistenschule," in idem, Mittelalterliches Geistesleben, vol. 3 (Munich: Hueber,
1956), 370-410.
49. See D. Martin Luthers Wer\e: Kritische Gesammtausgabe, vol. 9 (Wei mar: Bohlau, 1893), 28—94.
50. Apart from several articles, there are three monographs devoted to Luther as commentator on the Sentences-. Paul Vignaux, Luther, Commentateur des Sentences (Livre I, distinction XVII), Etudes de philosophic medievale 21
(Paris: Vrin, 1935); Lawrence F. Murphy, S.J., Martin Luther, commentator on the Sentences of Peter Lombard: Theological Method and Selected Theological
Problems, Marquette Univ. diss. (Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Dissertation Serv ices, 1970); and Josef Wieneke, Luther und Petrus Lombardus: Martin Luthers
Notizen anlafilich seiner Vorlesung uber die Sentenzen des Petrus Lombardus, Erfurt 1509/11, Dissertationen, Theologische Reihe 71 (St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 1994). Parts of Father Murphy's excellent study later appeared in article form.
51. D. Martin Luthers Wer\e, 9:30.
52. Sentences 3, dist. 22, chap. 1, no. 3 (p. 136).
53. D. Martin Luthers Werhe, 9:29. The translation is Murphy s, with some slight modifications (Murphy, Martin Luther, Commentator on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, 77E). The last sentence of the quotation is difficult to translate.
The Latin reads: "Dilige ergo integros et fideles purosque authores aut saltern (si ita fieri sit necesse) populari fac sint tibi familiaritate conjuncti, philosophos inquam i.e. opiniosos dubitatores." Murphy, in his detailed commentary on the prologue, conjectures that it could be "a hastily written sentence" (ibid.,
98 n. 34).