Index
Index
abstract cognition, see cognition
abstraction, ontological, xxviii
Academic Scepticism, see Scepticism
Achilles, 48, 68, 103, 135, 162, 222
Aesop, 57
Aeschylus, 103, 155
Agricola, Rudolf, xiii, xxvi n. 21, 227–35, 249
agriculture, 72, 122, 124, 134
Albategnius, see Al-Battani
Al-Battani, 116 n. 5
Alexander of Aphrodisias, 86
Alexander the Great, 45, 52, 116, 125, 135, 162 172, 175, 207f., 222, 234
Alfraganus, 241
Ambrose, 32
Amsdorff, Nicholas, xvf.
Anabaptists, xvii, 5 n. 2, 18, 130, 137
as uneducated or self-educated, 185
analogy, xxiv
anatomy, xix, 134, 145f., 155f., 158–66, 171, 214, 224
as part of natural philosophy, xix, 159
Anaxagoras, 95, 136
Anshelm, Thomas, xiii
Antipater, 209
Apelles, 66, 102, 146
Apuleius, 61
Aquinas, Thomas, see Thomas of Aquinas
Aratus, 232
Arcesilaus, 68, 85
Archidamus, 191
Archimedes, 108
Archytas of Tarentum, 108, 193
Argyropoulos, Johannes, 35
Aristides, 177, 260
Aristippus, 100, 196
Aristophanes, 148
Aristotle, xiii, xvii, xix, xii, 10, 25, 32f., 36, 80, 86, 88, 92, 102, 109, 112, 130, 140f., 148, 151, 196, 201, 202, 204–11, 231f.
Categories, xvi, xxiv
compared with Plato, xxii, 201f., 210f.
Metaphysics, xv, xvi
Meteorology, xvi, xix, 109
Nicomachean Ethics, xvi, xviii, 102, 140f., 211
On Generation and Corruption, xvi
On the Generation of Animals, 232
On the Heavens, xix, 8
On the Soul, xvi, xviii, xix, xxiv, xxviii, 151
Physics, xvi, xix
Politics, 10 n. 3, 211
Posterior Analytics, xvi
Prior Analytics, xvi
Problems, 92 n. 3
Rhetoric, xxx
to be read in Greek, 33
arithmetic, 90–97
and justice, 102
as a wing of the soul, 93
as gift of God, 87
figurative use of, 96
necessary for astronomy, 93
proportions, 102f.
taught after grammar in Greece, 96
useful for syllogisms, 96
arts, liberal, 3–8, 79, 129
as alphabets, 4f.
hated and spurned, 31, 34, 39f.
see also education and individual disciplines
astrology, xi, xix, xxi, 7, 107, 110, 120–
and medicine, 124
as part of natural philosophy, xix, 111, 122
see also astronomy; divination
astronomy, xi, 7, 24, 48, 68, 94, 99, 104, 105–12, 130
and geography, 113–9
as beginning of reasoning, 95
in agreement with Christian doctrine, 109
inseparable from astrology, xxi
requires arithmetic and geometry, 93
see also astrology
atheists, 94, 106, 183, 202
Athenaeus of Naucratis, 210, 214f.
Augustine, 25, 31, 63, 64 n. 7, 257f.
Augustus, Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, 173, 175, 257
Aulus Gelius, 121
Autolycus, 86
Averroes, 114 n. 3, 223
Avicenna, 114 n. 3, 220–6
Barbaro, Ermolao, 63 n. 4
Basil of Caesarea, 14, 146, 184, 257
Batt, Jacob, 250
Baumgartnerus, Hieronymus Jr, 152
Baumgartnerus, Hieronymus Sr, 144, 156
Berlinghieri, Francesco, 240
Bessarion, Johannes, Cardinal, 108 n. 4, 200, 239–41
Bianchini, Giovanni, 240
Blount, William, Lord Mountjoy, 250 n. 4
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, 43, 86
Bombace, Paolo, 251
Brück, Gregor, 139 n. 1, 142
Cadmus, 201
Caesar, Julius, 10, 114, 205
Caesarius, Johannes, 88
Callicles, 98
Callimachus, 211
Calvin, John, xxv
Calvinists, xxviif.
Camerarius, Anna, 84 n. 2
Camerarius, Joachim, 84 n. 2 148, 155
Camerarius, Johannes, 84
Capnio, see Reuchlin
Caracalla, Bassianus, 178
Carlstadt, Andreas, xiv
Carneades, of Cyrene, 141
Casmannus, Otto, xxviii
Cataline, 121
Centaurs, 138, 175, 205, 210
certainty
criteria of, xviii, 84
of astrology, 121
Charles V, Emperor, xv, 114
Chiron, 114, 135, 222 n. 4
Chrysostom, John, 49, 51, 52, 64 n. 7, 76
Cicero, xi, 43, 69, 70, 73, 79, 121, 129 n. 6, 142, 179, 200, 202, 249
Academics, 85 n. 3, 211
Brutus, 70, 255 n. 20
Dream of Scipio, 24 n. 4
For Milo, 176
Letters to Atticus, 23 n. 3, 140
On Divination, 69
On Duties, 47 n. 1, 69, 79–83; taught by Melanchthon, 79 n. 1
On Friendship, 142 n. 5
On the Nature of the Gods, 141 n. 4
On the Orator, 45, 70, 142 n. 5, 198 n. 6
Philippic, 74 n. 22
Republic, 128
Tusculan Disputations, 73, 155
Cimon, 177, 260
cognition, abstract, xxiif.
intuitive, xxiif.
Commonplaces, 82
Copernicus, Nicholaus, xix, xxi, xxix
Crassis, Lucius Licinius, 142
Cruciger, Caspar, 3, 182
Cusanus, Nicholas, 241
Cyclopes, 11, 19, 115, 170, 175, 180, 213f., 243
Cynics, 204
Dalbert, Johann von, 231
Darius, King of Persia, 173
de la Ramée, see Ramus, Petrus
Democritus, 48, 151, 159, 206
demonstration, xvii, 24, 81, 96, 98, 101, 131, 133, 141, 200, 216
Demosthenes, xi, 34, 69–72, 179, 198
Letters, 45
On the Crown, 82 n. 3
The Olynthiac Orations, 71, 179 n. 7
Devil, the, xx, 16, 111, 146, 164, 176, 178
dialectics, xxi, 6, 34, 84–9, 86, 128, 210
Agricola's, xiii, 228, 231
arithmetic as its beginning, 96
as a knife for division, 87
as chain of concord, 86
for the church, 86
necessary for divine invocation, 87f.
scorned, 85
Dietrich, Veit, 29
Dio, of Syracuse, 195f.
Diogenes Laertius, 192, 193, 207, 209
Dionysius, 195f.
Dioscorides, 217
divination, 111, 118, 121; see also astrology
Duns Scotus, Johannes, 61
Eber, Paul, 156
education, importance of, xiv–vii, 9–22, 110, 119
as learning Gift of God, 87, 115, 117
for the Church, 6, 12–22, 100, 126f., 137, 149, 184
for the State, 6, 8, 100
necessity of practice, 95
neglected, 9, 20f., 85
to be protected by the state, 6f., 15, 21, 145
see also arts
eloquence, see rhetoric
Empedocles, 116
Epaminondas, 131
Epicurus, 25, 94, 130, 140
Epicureans, 94, 108, 136, 140, 150f., 172, 176, 208
epideictic orations, see orations, demonstrative
Epiphanius, 14
Erasmus, Desiderius, xiii, xxix, 31, 230, 248–55, 258f.
Adages, 6 n. 3, 6 n. 4, 8 n. 6, 38 n. 2, 43 n. 6, 64 n. 8, 65 n. 9, 72 n. 16, 73 n. 17, 86 n. 6, 98 n. 2, 102 n. 5, 102 n. 6, 119 n. 6, 127 n. 3, 129 n. 5, 138 n. 8, 155 n. 5, 165 n. 6, 251, 252 n. 11
Annotationes in Novum Testamentum, 32
ethics, see moral philosophy
Euclid, xv, 36, 193
Eudoxus, 193f., 239
Euripides, 43, 141, 193, 251
Eurybates, 86
Eusebius, 15 n. 4
experience, 40, 84, 118, 122, 169
fables, 54–59
Fend, Melchior, 169
Flaccius Illyricus, Matthias, xvi
Frederick II, Emperor, 114, 223
Frederick III, the Wise, Elector of Saxony, xiv, 254
Fuchs, Leonhard, xxvii, 156
Galen, xiii, xix, 122, 135, 156, 173, 193, 206, 212–19, 222–5
Gansfort, Wessel, 233
Gaza, Theodorus, 201, 230, 231
geography, 113–9
geometry, xi, 91, 92, 98–104
and justice, 102f.
as a wing of the soul, 93
as beginnings of natural philosophy, 98
as necessary for astronomy, 93, 99
as necessary for philosophy, 98
as useful for the Church, 103
to be taught after dialectics in Greece, 96
George, of Trebizond, 201, 241f.
Gerard, of Cremona, 108 n. 4, 108 n. 5, 241
Goclenius, Rudolf, Sr, xxviii
Greek
important for philosophy, 229
study of, 29–37
Gregory of Nazianzen, 14, 176, 184
Gregory of Nyssa, 136, 146, 184, 257
Grimani, Domenico, 252
Grynaeus, Simon, 105, 112
Guarinus, Battista, 230
Halen, Goswin van, 233
Hegius, Alexander, 249
Heidelberg, University of, xii, xv, 228
herbs, medicinal, 171f., 213, 214f., 225
Herodotus, 45, 69, 149, 173, n. 4, 234
Hesiod, xi, 56
Works and Days, 57, 60, 123, 212
Hezekiah, 173
Hipparchus, 116
Hippocrates, 222, 109, 123, 205f., 216, 222f.
history, 12–15, 33, 34, 111, 129
Homer, 34, 40–53, 66, 68, 69, 142, 249
Batrochomyomachia, 56
Iliad, xxvi, 8, 42, 44, 65, 67, 68, 86, n. 7, 103, 129 n. 5, 162, 209
Odyssey, 43, 44, 45, 50, 66, 127
Horace
Art of Poetry, 58, 67, 92, 109 n. 10, 128, 137
Letters, 8, 10, 44, 68
Odes, 200
Holywood, John, see Sacrobosco
humours, medical, 110, 112, 134, 171f., 214, 224
image of God, 146, 161, 162, 163
internal senses, xxiii, xxiv
intuitive cognition, see Cognition
Irenaeus, 14, 15 n. 4, 184
Isocrates, plato, 249
Jerome, 31, 185
Jesuits, 29
John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, xv
Julian, the Apostate, 23
Julius, Pope, 252
justice, 102, 139, 161
Kepler, Johannes, xxviii
‘Know Thyself’, 165
knowledge
a posteriori, xxv, xxviii
innate, xviii,
uncertain, 144
see also education; philosophy
Laelius, Gaius, 142
Lagus, Conradus, 191
law
from Plato, 202
philosophy needed for, 32–5
study of, 175–81
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, xxix
Leipzig, University of, xv, 239
Leipzig Interim, xv
Livy, 57 n. 1
Longinus, Cassius, 177f.
Longueil, Christophe de, 251
Lonicer, Johannes, xxiv
Lothar, 223
Lucan, 114
Lucius of Cyrne, 14
Lucretius, 94
Luther, Martin, xi, xiii–xvii, xxiii, xix, 31, 253, 256–64
Lysander, 176 n. 3, 192
Magirus, Johannes, xxviii
Malchion, 186
Manicheans, 136
Manilius, 47
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, 135, 173, 178 n. 5, 217
Marius, Gaius, 164, 176
Martial; Epigrams, 6 n. 4, 105
Maternus, 14, 15 n. 4
mathematics, 7, 33, 90, 129, 133, 215, 243
see also arithmetic; astronomy; geometry
Matthias Corvinus I, 242, 245
Maurice of Saxony, xv
medicine, 121, 124, 169–74, 176, 205, 213–9, 220–6
and natural philosophy, 134f.
knowledge of Greek needed for, 34
philosophy needed for, 32f.
see also astrology and divination
Melanchthon, Philip
Augsburg Confession, xi
Book on the Soul, xix; xxi n. 13, xxiv n. 16
Commentary on the Soul, xix
Elements of Natural Philosophy, xix, xxi, xxvi n. 20
Elements of Rhetoric, xxxi
Four Books on Dialectics, xviii
Loci communes, xi, xiv, 84 n. 1
‘On Correcting the Studies of Youth’, xiv
‘On Orthotomein’, 87 n. 8
Questions on Dialectics, xviii, xxiv n. 18
Three Books on Rhetoric, xxx
Menander, 126, 200
Method, 87, 128f., 140f., 201
habit in, 128
see also demonstration
Meton, 116, 239
‘microcosmos’, 106
Milich, Jakob, 104, 112, 125, 126, 147, 156, 212, 220
miracles, 110
mirandola, Giovanni Pico della, 63, 108
moral philosophy, xi, xv, xviii, xxv, 6f., 23f,. 44f., 79–83, 128, 129, 139–43, 202
and geometry, 103f.
and natural philosophy, 136, 139f.
necessary for theologians, 139f.
Müntzer, Thomas, xiv, 5 n. 2
Musa, Antonius, 173
Musurus, Marcus, 251
natural philosophy, xi, xv, xvi, xxf., xxv, xxvii, 6f., 23, 98, 100, 111, 128, 133–38, 139f., 144–57, 202
and astrology, 111, 118, 122
and moral philosophy, 136, 139
as starting-point for medicine, 134f.
necessary for a theologian, 129
needed for the Church, 135f.
navigation, 117, 124
Nemesius of Emesa, 136 n. 5, 146 n. 3
Nero, 111, 175 n. 2, 177
Nicander, 213
Nonnos, 64 n. 7
ontological abstraction, see abstraction
optics, 85
orations, demonstrative, xxxf.
didactic, xxxi
see rhetoric
Origen, 14, 203
Orion, 114, 239
Ovid, xi, 206
Heroides, 86 n. 7
Letters from Pontus, 53
Metamorphoses, 44, 108 n. 6, 249
Padua, University of, 241
painters, 85, 210
see also Apelles
Palladius, Peter, 182
Papinianus, Aemilius, 177f.
Paris, University of, 31, 74f., 233
Paul, of Samosata, 185 n. 3, 186, 232 n. 7
Paul, St, 17f., 23, 63, 74–7, 87, 110, 152, 182f., 233, 258, 260, 263
Peasants' War, xiv, 5 n. 2
Peisistratus, 68, 175
Pericles, 136, 179, 192
Peuerbach, Georg, 104, 107, 108 n. 4, 239–41
Peucer, Kaspar, 156 n. 7
philosophy, 7f., 125, 126–32, 133–43, 215, 229–31
and knowledge of Greek, 229
as distinct from the Gospel, xviif. 23–25, 81f. 129f.
as knowledge of Law, xvii–xxii, 24f.
content of, 23
geometry necessary for, 98, 104
humanism and, xxixf.
knowledge of languages necessary for, 29–37
led out of darkness by the Greeks, 33
Lutheran, xxii–xxvii
needed for Church, 126f.
neglected, 100, 112
pagan, defended, 81
Stoic, xviii, 24f., 51, 140f., 155, 162
true, 203
see also moral philosophy and natural philosophy
Philostratus, 47, 48
Pindar, 205
Plato, xiii, xxii, 34, 49–52, 78, 93, 96, 89f., 102f., 106, 118f., 124, 129, 136, 140, 176, 191–203, 206, 211, 238f.
compared with Aristotle, xxii, 201f., 210f.
his Academy, 85, 130, 200
to be read after Aristotle, 201
Epinomis, 194
Gorgias, 98, 140, 197–9
Laches, 44
Laws, 91, 202, 238
Phaedrus, 93, 129, 136
Philebus, 211
Republic, 7, 50, 106, 202
as irony, 200
Timaeus, 106, 193
Plautus, 130
Pliny, the Elder, 215
Natural History, xv, 7, 20, 115, 231
Pliny, the Younger, 73
Plutarch, 44, 71, 104, 132, 141, 260, 177 n. 4, 207, 208, 210, 260
Polycarpus, 14, 184
Pompey, the Great, 178f.
Pomponzzi, Pietro, xxi
Pontanus, Christianus, 139, 142
praise and blame, see orations, demonstrative
predication, non-essential, xxvi
Prometheus, 211
Providence, xix, xxi, xxv, xxvii, 84, 94, 106, 109, 110f., 118, 134, 136, 139, 160, 163, 212, 216
‘psychology’, xxviii
Ptolemy, xi, 36, 107f., 111, 116f., 124, 223, 239–41, 244f.
Almagest, xv, 108 n. 4, 240
Geography, 240, 244
Tetrabiblos, 107, 122
Pyrrho of Etis, 85, 217 n. 4
Pyrrhonians, see sceptics
Pyrrhus, 222
Pythagoras, 95f.
Quaestio method, xv, xxix
Quintilian, Marcus Fabius, 47, 64, 67, 69, 73, 79, 231
Ramus, Petrus, xxvii
Regiomontanus, Johannes, xiii, 36, 107, 108 n. 4, 236–47
as philosopher, 246
Reiffensteyn, Johannes, 98
Reinhold, Erasmus, 236
Reuchlin, Johann, xiii, xiv, 35f., 233
Revelation, divine, xviii Rhazes, 222f.
Rheticus, Georg Joachim, 90
rhetoric, xi, xxi, 6f., 23, 34, 54–59, 60–78, 79f., 198–200, 207f., 228, 234, 261
Roder, Christian, 244 n. 23
Sabellius, 185
Sachs, Johannes, 227
Sacrobosco, John, xv, 105
Sallust, 133
Scepperus, Cornelius Splicius, 217
sceptics, 208, 217
see also Archesilaus; Carneades; Plato; Pyrrho of Elis
scepticism, Academic, 85
Schöner, Johannes, 236, 244, 246
Scipio, 24, 39, 205, 257
Seidel, Bruno, xxviiii
Sextus Empiricus, 85 n. 3
Sibelinus, Petrus, 169
Silius Italicus, 49, 133
Sisyphus, 86
Sixtus, Pope, 245
Snell, Rudolph, xxviiii
Socrates, 92, 139, 144, 193–5
Solon, 68, 175, 177, 192, 257
soul, xixf., 48, 51, 129, 136, 144–57
as image of the Trinity, 163
wings of, 93
spirits, medical, xx, 160, 163f.
Stadianus, Franciscus, xiii
Steward, Alexander, 252
Stigelius, Johannes, xxviii
Stöffler, Johannes, xiii, 123 n. 4
Stoics, 130, 132, 137, 140, 155, 208
see also philosophy, Stoic
Strabo, 39
Strigelius, Victorinus, xxviii
Suffenus, 126
Suleiman, 113 n. 2
Sulla, 164, 208
syllogisms, 96
Taurellus, Nicholaus, xxvii
Terence, xiii, 76, 251
Theletes, 239
Themistocles, 24, 177, 257, 260
theology, 182–7
knowledge of languages necessary for, 30–2
knowledge of rhetoric necessary for, 73–7
knowledge of the soul necessary for, 146f.
philosophy necessary for, 129–32, 139f.
theologians,
as outcasts, 9
uneducated and unlearned, 6, 127, 130, 131 185
Theon, 241f., 245
Theophrastus, 231
Theorica Planetatum, xv, 108 n. 5, 241
Thersites, xxvi, 67
Thomas, of Aquinas, xxiv, xxv
Thucydides, 36, 156, 191, 233, 234
Timon of Athens, 155
Tiphernas, Gregorius, 31
Triptolemus, 108
Trutvetter, Jodocus, 148
Tübingen, University of, xii, xv, xxvii, xxviii
Trks, the threat of, 36, 42f., 113, 180, 244, 263f.
Vadianus, Paulus, 158
Valla, Lorenzo, 25
Varro, Marcus Terentius, 135
Velcurio, Johannes Bernhardi, 147f.
Vesalius, Andreas, xix, xxix, 156
Virgil, xi, 69
Aeneid, 35, 48, 51, 227, 259
Georgics, 41, 72, 84, 97, 118, 134, 149
Vitez, Johannes, 242 n. 16
Vives, Juan Luis, 147
Vogelin, Johannes, 98, 104
Volmar, Johannes, 90
Walter, Bernhard, 243, 246
Warham, William, 251 n. 5
Willichius, Jodocus, 88
Winsheim, Veit, 38
Wittenberg, University of, arts curriculum, xivf.
Xenocrates, 207
Xenophon, 3, 69, 115, 139, 234
Ziegler, Bernhard, 9
Zwickau Prophets, the, xvii
Biblical Citations
Genesis 1:14, 94, 107, 112, 115 14:18, 76
Numbers 11:16, 14
Deutronomy, 6:5, xx 17:8–12, 11
Judges, 14:18, 19
I Samuel 2: 30, 132
I Kings I:11–15, 13
I Kings 17:10–16, 187
II Kings 9:7, 187 Psalms 119:105, 148 133:3, 20
Isiah 38:1–16, 173 n. 4
Jeremiah, 1:9–10, 259 10: 2, 110, 124
Matthew 10:41, 186 10:42, 186f. 17:5, 258 18: 28, 113 19:18, 151 25:21–3, 20
Mark 9:7, 162
Luke 9:35, 11
John 1:14, 25 1:51, 262 2: 10, 186 15:18, 183 8:25, 64
Acts 13. 1, 15 n. 4
Romans 1:14, 18 1:15, 183 1:16, 182 15:4, 18
I Corinthians 12:12, 57 n. 1 3:12, xxiii 14:15, 77 15:58, 152
II Corinthians 1:11, 63 2: 17, 74
Philippians, 4:8, 260
Colossians 2: 8, 23 3:1, 257
I Timothy 2: 15, 76
Sirach, 38:1, 170, 226 38:4, 170