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1. 1.A translation of Pliny’s letter will be found in Excursus V. (Ep.ix. 21.) ↩
2. 2.Ver. 5, πρὸς … εἰς. ↩
3. 3.Ver. 9, τοιοῦτος ὢν ὡς is not unclassical, as Meyer asserts. (See instances in Lightfoot, Col., p. 404.) St. Paul must at this time have been sixty years old, and people of that age, particularly when they have been battered, as he had been, by all the storms of life, naturally ↩
4. 4.ἀχρ. Litotes; erat enim noxius (Bengel). ↩
5. 5.Ver. 11. There seems here, as Baur acutely observes, to be a double paronomasia, which I have endeavoured to indicate. For Χριστὸς and Χρηστὸς were confused with each other, and the Christians did not dislike this. Ἐκ τοῦ κατηγορουμένου ἡμῶν ὀνόματος χρηστότατοι ὑπάρχομεν χριστιανοὶ γὰρ εἶναικατηγορούμεθα τὸν δὲ χρηστὸν μισεῖσθαι οὐ δίκαιον (Justin, Apol.i. 4). (Tert. Apol.3.) supra, i., p. 300. ↩
6. 6.“Son of my bowels, Anselm!” (Browning, The Bishop’s Tomb.) Σπλάγχνα = corculum, “my very heart;” “the very eyes of me;” םימתר. The elliptic form of the sentence, so characteristic of St. Paul, is filled up in some MSS. by Σὺ δὲ αὐτόν, τούτεστι τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα προσλαβοῦ. ↩
7. 7.Ἀντὶ γραμματίου (a bond) τήνδε κατέχε τὴν ἐπιστολὴν πᾶσαν αὐτὴν γέγραφα (Theodoret). Some have supposed that Paul here took the pen from the amanuensis, and that this is the only autograph sentence. Oosterzee, &c., treat this as “a good–humoured jest;” and others think it unlike the delicacy which never once reminds the Judaisers of the chalukawhich St. Paul had toiled to raise. But a slave ↩
8. 8.Ver. 20, ὀναίμην. “I send you back an Onesimus now worthy of his name; will you be my Onesimus?” It is vain for critics to protest against these plays on names. They have been prevalent in all ages, and in all writers, and in all countries, as I have shown by multitudes of instances in ChaptersonLanguage, ch. xxii. As a parallel to this play on Onesimus, compare Whitefield’s personal appeal to the comedian Shuter, who had often played the character of Ramble— “And thou, poor Ramble, who hast so often rambled from Him. …. Oh, end thy ramblings and come to Jesus.” ↩
9. 9.Paul had been trained as a Rabbi. To see what Christianity had taught him we have only to compare his teachings with those of his former masters. Contrast, for instance, the Rabbinic conception of a slave with that tender estimate of human worth—that high conception of the dignity of man as man—which stands out so beautifully in this brief letter. The Rabbis taught that on the death of a slave, whether male or female—and even of a Hebrew slave—the benediction was not to be repeated for the mourners, nor condolence offered to them. It happened that on one occasion a female slave of Rabbi Eliezer died, and when his disciples came to condole with him he retired from them from room to room, from upper chamber to hall, till at last he said to them, “I thought you would feel the effects of tepid water, but you are proof even against hot water. Have I not taught you that these signs of respect are not to be paid at the death of slaves?” “What, then,” asked the disciples, “are pupils on such occasions to say to their masters?” “The same as is said when their oxen and asses die,” ↩
10. 10.The ecclesiastical traditions about Philemon’s episcopate, martyrdom, &c., are too late and worthless to deserve mention; and the same may be said of those respecting Onesimus. As far as dates are concerned, he might be the Onesimus, Bishop of Ephesus, mentioned forty–four years later by St. Ignatius. A postscript in two MSS. says that he was martyred at Rome by having his legs broken on the rack. ↩
11. 11.Farrar, F. W. 1879-80. TheLifeandWorkofSt.Paul.(2:438-478). Cassell, Petter, Galpin & co.: London; New York [etc. ↩
12. 12.The reading is uncertain, but א, A, D, E, F, G (B is here deficient) read ἀδελφῇ, and we judge from Theodore of Mopsuestia that ἀγαπήτῃ may in his age, and perhaps in the Apostle’s, have given rise to coarse remarks from coarse minds. ↩
13. 13.speak of themselves as old. I cannot think that this means “an ambassador” (Eph. 6:20). To say nothing of the fact that the reading is πρεσβύτης, not πρεσβευτής, and allowing that this two might often have been confused (just as, indeed, πρεσβὺς and πρεσβευτὴς interchange the meanings of their plurals), yet would Paul have said “an ambassador” without saying of whom? ↩
14. 14.was valuable, and something in the character of Philemon may have led to the remark. Bengel rightly says, “Vinctus scribit serio,” as a father pays the debts of his son. Schrader, Lardner, Bleek, Hackett regard it as “no better than calumny” to say that Onesimus had stolen anything. ↩
15. 15.answered the Rabbi—“May the Lord replenish thy loss.” They were not even to be mourned for by their masters; Rabbi Jose only permitted a master to say—“Alas, a good and faithful man, and one who lived by his labour!” But even this was objected to as being too much (Berachoth, f. 16, 2; Maimonides, Hilch.Aval., § 12; Hal.12). ↩

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