The Life and Work
of St. Paul

INTRODUCTORY

Various types of the Apostolate — St. Peter and St. John — The place of St. Paul in the History of the Church — His training in Judaism — What we may learn of his Life — Modern Criticism of

BOYHOOD IN A HEATHEN CITY

Date of his Birth — Question of Birthplace — Giscala or Tarsus? indifference to the beauties of Nature — His Parentage — Early Education — Contact with Paganism — Paganism as seen at Tarsus

THE SCHOOL OF THE RABBI

Roman Citizenship — School Life at Tarsus and Jerusalem — Gamaliel — Permanent effects of Rabbinic training as traced in the Epistles — St. Paul’s knowledge of the Old Testament Instances —

SAUL THE PHARISEE

Early struggles — The minutiæ of Pharisaism. Sense of their insufficiency — Legal blamelessness gave no peaco Pharisaic hypocrisies — Troubled years — Memories of these early doubts never ob

ST. PETER AND THE FIRST PENTECOST

Saul’s First Contact with the Christians — Source of their energy — The Resurrection — The Ascension — First Meeting — Election of Matthias — The Upper Room — Three Temples — The Descent of

EARLY PERSECUTIONS

Beauty and Power of the Primitive Christian Life — Alarm of the Sanhedrin — Peter and John — Gamaliel — Toleration and Caution — Critical Arguments against the Genuineness of his Speech exam

THE DIASPORA: HEBRAISM AND HELLENISM

Preparation for Christianity by three events — Spread of the Greek Language — Rise of the Roman Empire — Dispersion of the Jews — Its vast Effects — Its Influence on the Greeks and Romans —

WORK AND MARTYRDOM OF ST. STEPHEN

Success of the Seven — Pre–Ominent faith of Stephen — Clear Views of the Kingdom — Tardier Enlightenment of the Apostles — Hollow Semblance of Union with Judaism — Relation of the Law to the

SAUL THE PERSECUTOR

Age of Saul — His Violence — Severity of the Persecution underrated — “Compelled them to blaspheme” — Flight of the Christians — Continued Fury of Saul — Asks for Letters to Damascus — The H

THE CONVERSION OF SAUL

The Commissioner of the Sanhedrin — The Journey to Damascus — Inevitable Reaction and Reflection — Lonely Musings — Kicking against the Pricks — Doubts and Difficulties — Noon — The Journey’

THE RETIREMENT OF ST. PAUL

Saul a “Nazarene” — Records of this Period fragmentary — His probable Movements guided by Psychological Considerations — His Gospel not “of man” — Yearnings for Solitude — Days in Damascus —

THE BEGINNING OF A LONG MARTYRDOM

“To the Jew first” — Reappearance in Damascus — Saul in tho Synagogues — No ordinary Disputant — The Syllogism of Violence — First Plot to Murder him — His Escape from Damascus — Journey to

SAUL’S RECEPTION AT JERUSALEM

Visit to Jerusalem — Apprehensions and Anticipations — St. Peter’s Goodness of Heart — Saul and James — Contrast of their Character and Epistles — The Intervention of Barnabas Trance and Vis

GAIUS AND THE JEWS — PEACE OF THE CHURCH

“Then had the Church rest” — Survey of the Period — Tiberius Persecution of the Jews of Alexandria — Fall of Flaccus — Madness of Gaius — Determined to place his Statue in the Temple — Angui

THE SAMARITANS — THE EUNUCH — THE CENTURION

The brightening Dawn of the Church — “Other Sheep not of this Fold” — Consequence of Saul’s Persecution — Philip in Samaria — Simon Magus — The Ethiopian Eunuch — Significance of his Baptism

THE SECOND CAPITAL OF CHRISTIANITY

Hellenists boldly preach to the Gentiles — Barnabas at Antioch The Third Metropolis of the World, the Second Capital of Christianity — Site and Splendour of Antioch — Its Population — Its Mo

A MARTYRDOM AND A RETRIBUTION

A Year of Happy Work — Another Vision — Agabus and the Famine — Collections for Poor Brethren of Jerusalem — Paul and Barnabas sent with the Chaluka — The Royal Family of Adiabene — The Poli

JUDAISM AND HEATHENISM

The Church at Antioch — Stirrings of the Missionary Spirit — The Prophets and the Gentiles — Difficulties of the Work — Hostility of the Jews to the Gospel — Abrogation of the Law Gentiles f

CYPRUS

“Sent forth by the Holy Ghost” — Ancient Travelling — Prospects of the Future — Paul, his Physical and Moral Nature — His Extraordinary Gifts — Barnabas — Mark — Arrival at Cyprus — The Paga

ANTIOCH IN PISIDIA

Perga — Defection of Mark — Passes of the Taurus — St. Paul’s Absorption in his one Purpose — Pisidian Antioch — Worship of the Synagogue — The Parashah and Haphtarah Method — Power of his P

THE CLOSE OF THE JOURNEY

Iconium — Persistent Enmity of the Jews — Lystra — Healing of the Cripple — Unwelcome Honours — The Fickle Mob the Journey — Effects of Experience on St. Paul — The Apostle of the Gentiles

THE CONSULTATION AT JERUSALEM

“Certain from Judæa” visit Antioch — A Hard Dogma — Circumcision — A Crushing Yoke — Paul’s Indignation — Reference to Jerusalem — The Delegates from Antioch — Sympathy with them in their Jo

ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL AT ANTIOCH

Joy at Antioch — Ascendency of St. Paul — St. Peter at Antioch Arguments of St. Paul — Character of St. Peter — A Public Rebuke — Effects of the Rebuke — Malignity of the Pseudo Clementine W

BEGINNING OF THE SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY — PAUL, SILAS, TIMOTHY — PAUL IN GALATIA

Paul and Silas — The Route by Land — The Cilician Gates — Derbe — Where is Barnabas? — Lystra — “Timothy, my Son” — His Circumcision and Ordination — The Phrygian and Galatian District — Sca

PHILIPPI

The Sail to Neapolis — Philippi — The Place of Prayer — Lydia Converts — The Girl with a Spirit of Python — The Philippian Prætors — Their Injustice — Scourging — The Dungeon and the Stocks

THESSALONICA AND BERŒA

Thessalonica and its History — Poverty of the Apostles — Philippian Generosity — Success among the Gentiles — Summary of Teaching — St. Paul’s State of Mind — The Mob and the Politarchs — At

ST. PAUL AT ATHENS

The Spell of Athens — Its Effect on St. Paul — A City of Statues Paul — Altar “to the Unknown God” — Athens under the Empire — Stoics and Epicureans — Curiosity excited — The Areopagus — A M

ST. PAUL AT CORINTH

Corinth — Its Population and Trade — Worship of Aphroditè Character of the Corinthian Converts — Effect of Experience on St. Paul’s Preaching — Rupture with the Jews — Another Vision — Galli

THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS

Timothy with St. Paul — Advantages of Epistolary Teaching — Importance of bearing its Characteristics in Mind — Vivid Spontaneity of Style — St. Paul’s Form of Greeting — The Use of “we” and

THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS

News from Thessalonica — Effects of the First Letter — A New Danger — Eschatological Excitement — “We which are alive and remain” — St. Paul’s Meaning — The Day of the Lord Object of the Sec

THE STYLE OF ST. PAUL AS ILLUSTRATIVE OF HIS CHARACTER

(P. 26)

RHETORIC OF ST. PAUL

(P. 26)

THE CLASSIC QUOTATIONS AND ALLUSIONS OF ST. PAUL

(P. 39)

ST. PAUL A HAGADIST: ST. PAUL AND PHILO

(P. 58)

GAMALIEL AND THE SCHOOL OF TÜBINGEN

(P. 114)

CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS: THE STONING OF ST. STEPHEN

(P. 165)

THE POWER OF THE SANHEDRIN TO INFLICT DEATH

(P. 166)

DAMASCUS UNDER HARETH

(P. 179)

SAUL IN ARABIA

(P. 213)

ST. PAUL’S “STAKE IN THE FLESH”

(P. 221)

ON JEWISH SCOURGINGS

(P. 226)

APOTHEOSIS OF ROMAN EMPERORS

(P. 250)

BURDENS LAID ON PROSELYTES

(P. 329)

HATRED OF THE JEWS IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

(P. 330)

JUDGMENTS OF EARLY PAGAN WRITERS ON CHRISTIANITY

(P. 330)

THE PROCONSULATE OF SERGIUS PAULUS

(P. 351)

ST. JOHN AND ST. PAUL

(P. 440)

THE ATTACKS ON ST. PAUL IN THE CLEMENTINES

(P. 448)

PAUL AT EPHESUS

St. Paul leaves Corinth — Nazarite Vow — Ephesian Jews — Fourth Visit to Jerusalem — Cold Reception — Return to Antioch — Confirms Churches of Galatia and Phrygia — Re– visits Ephesus — Its

FIRST LETTER TO THE CHURCH AT CORINTH

Difficulties of Converts from Heathenism — Letter from Corinth Party — Petrine Party — The Judaic Teacher — Disorderly Scenes in Church Assemblies — The Agapæ — Desecration of the Eucharisti

SECOND LETTER TO THE CHURCH AT CORINTH

Anxiety of St. Paul — Short Stay at Troas — Meeting with Titus Opposition to his Authority — Return of Titus to Corinth — Trials in Macedonia — Characteristics of the Epistle — Greeting — Tr

SECOND VISIT TO CORINTH

Second Sojourn in Macedonia — Brief Notice by St. Luke — Illyricum the furthest point of his Missionary Journey — Institution of the Offertory — His Fellow Travellers in the Journey to Corin

IMPORTANCE OF THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS

Judaising Opponents among the Galatian Converts — Galatian Fickleness — Arguments against St. Paul — Circumcision the Battle–ground — Christian Liberty at Stake — Instances of Proselytes to

THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS

Brief Greeting — Indignant Outburst — Vindication of his Apostolic Authority — Retrospect — Slight Intercourse with the Apostles — Co–ordinate Position — Kephas at Antioch to the Gospel — Bo

THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS, AND THE THEOLOGY OF ST. PAUL

The Jews at Rome — Numbers of the Christian Converts — Christianity Introduced into Rome — Not by St. Peter — Was the Church mainly Jewish or Gentile? — Solution of Apparent Contradictions —

PREDESTINATION AND FREE WILL

Rejection of the Jews — Foreknowledge of God — The Resistance of Evil — The Potter and the Clay — Man’s Free Will — Fearlessness and Conciliatoriness of St. Paul’s Controversial Method — Rej

FRUITS OF FAITH

Break in the Letter — Practical Exhortation — Christian Graces Functions of Civil Governors — Payment of Civil Dues — Ebionitic Tendencies — Advice to “Strong” and “Weak” — Entreaty for the

THE LAST JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM

Preparing to Start for Jerusalem — Fury of the Jews — Plot to Murder St. Paul — How defeated — Companions of his Journey — He Remains at Philippi with St. Luke for the Passover — Troas — Eut

PAUL AND FELIX

Trial before Felix — Speech of Tertullus — St. Paul’s Defence and Drusilla — Riot in Cæsarea — Felix recalled — Two Years in Prison

PAUL BEFORE FESTUS AND AGRIPPA II

Fresh Trial before Porcius Festus — His Energy and Fairness Berenice to Festus — A Grand Occasion — St. Paul’s Address — Appeal to Agrippa II., and his Reply — Favourable Impression made by

VOYAGE TO ROME AND SHIPWRECK

Sent to Rome under charge of Julius — The Augustani — Prisoners chained to Soldiers — Plan of the Journey — Luke and Aristarchus — Day spent at Sidon — Voyage to Myra Windbound at Fair Haven

PAUL AT ROME

Received with Hospitality by the Natives of Melita — A Viper fastens on his Hand — Three Months at Malta — The Protos Rhegium — Puteoli — Journey towards Rome — Met by Brethren at Appii Foru

THE FIRST ROMAN IMPRISONMENT

His hired Apartments — His general Position — His state of Mind — His Life and Teaching in Rome — Condition of various Classes in Rome — Improbability of his traditional Intercourse with Sen

THE EPISTLES OF THE CAPTIVITY

The History of St. Paul’s Imprisonment derived from the Epistles of the Captivity — The four Groups into which the Epistles may be divided — The Characteristics of those Groups — Key–note of

THE EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS

Greeting — Implied Exhortation to Unity — Words of Encouragement — Even Opposition overruled for good — Earnest Entreaty to follow the Example of Christ — His hopes of liberation — Epaphrodi

THE CHURCHES OF THE LYCUS VALLEY

Colossians, “Ephesians,” Philemon — Attacks on their Genuineness — Epaphras — Laodicea, Hierapolis, Colossæ Epaphras — A new form of Error — An Essene Teacher — St. Paul develops the Counter

EPISTLE TO THE COLOSSIANS

Greeting — Christ the Eternal Son — Grandeur of the Ministry of the Gospel — The Pleroma — Warnings against False Teaching — Practical Consequences — A Cancelled Bond Reaction against Paulin

ST. PAUL AND ONESIMUS

Private Letters — Onesimus — Degradation of Slaves — A Phrygian Runaway — Christianity and Slavery — Letter of Pliny to Sabinianus — A “Burning Question” — Contrast between the tone of Pliny

THE EPISTLE TO PHILEMON

Paraphrase of the Epistle — Comparison with Pliny’s appeal to Sabinianus — Did St. Paul visit Colossæ again?

THE EPISTLE TO THE “EPHESIANS”

Genuineness of the Epistle — Testimonies to its Grandeur — Resemblances and Contrasts between “Ephesians” and Colossians — Style of St. Paul — Christology of the later Epistles — Doctrinal a

THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY

Did St. Paul visit Spain? — Character of the First Epistle to Timothy — Peculiarities of the Greeting — False Teachers Public Worship — Qualifications for Office in the Church — Deacons — De

THE EPISTLE TO TITUS

Probable Movements of St. Paul — Christianity in Crete — Missions of Titus — Greeting — Character of the Cretans — Sobermindedness — Pastoral Duties, and Exhortations to various classes — Wa

THE CLOSING DAYS

Genuineness of the Pastoral Epistles — The Second Epistle to Timothy — State of the Church in the last year of St. Paul Imprisonment at Ephesus — Parting with Timothy — Companions of his las

ST. PAUL’S LAST LETTER

The Greeting — Digressions — Christian Energy — Warnings against False Teachers — Solemn Pastoral Appeals — Personal Entreaties and Messages — Pudens and Claudia Parallel with Tyndale — Triu

THE END

The Last Trial — The Martyrdom — Earthly Failure and Eternal Success — Unequalled Greatness of St. Paul — “God Buries His Workmen, but carries on their Work” APPENDIX – VOLUME I EXCURSUS I—T

THE MAN OF SIN; OR, “THE LAWLESS.”

(VOL. I., P. 612)

CHIEF UNCIAL MANUSCRIPTS OF THE ACTS, AND EPISTLES OF ST. PAUL

THEOLOGY AND ANTINOMIES OF ST. PAUL

(P. 82)

DISTINCTIVE WORDS, KEY–NOTES, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPISTLES

(P. 413)

LETTER OF PLINY TO SABINIANUS ON BEHALF OF AN OFFENDING FREEDMAN.

(P. 477)

THE HERODS IN THE ACTS

(I. 311, II. 352)

PHRASEOLOGY AND DOCTRINES OF THE EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS

(P. 493)

EVIDENCE AS TO THE LIBERATION OF ST. PAUL.

(P. 513)

THE GENUINENESS OF THE PASTORAL EPISTLES.

(P. 514)

CHRONOLOGY OF THE LIFE AND EPISTLES OF ST. PAUL

TRADITIONAL ACCOUNTS OF ST. PAUL’S PERSONAL APPEARANCE