Chapter III
The efficient causes of this distress. First, the Spirit; whether he hath any hand therein, and hoivfar.
HAVING thus explicated and proved this, that this doth and may befall one who truly fears the Lord, for the more full clearing of it I will further shew
I. The efficient causes ; II. The cases wherein; III. The ends for which, God leaves his children in such distresses.
I. For the efficient causes of this so woeful, desperate, dark condition of God s child; they are three which have a hand in it :
1. God s Spirit. 2. A man s own guilty and fearful heart.
3. Satan.
1. For God s Spirit. Although he hath a hand in some part of this disquietness, yet we must take heed how we put upon him any of those doubts and desperate fears and conclusions whereby the child of God calls his state into question. For the Spirit is not the direct efficient, or positive cause of them.
And to this end we may consider that known place, Eom. viii. 15, Ye have not received the spirit of bondage to fear again, but the spirit of adop tion; the right understanding of which will also prevent an objection. For some have alleged this place, as if the child of God, after he had once the
Spirit, sealing adoption to him, could never after fall into apprehension of bondage that is, into fears of eternal damnation any more, or of beingbound over for hell; and that this can befall him but once, and that at his first conversion.
But if we mark the words well, the Apostle affirmeth not that fears of bondage can never befall God s child again, but his scope is to shew that the
Spirit which we have received, having been once become the spirit of adop tion, that Spirit is never after again the spirit of bondage to us, nor the cause of such fears. Indeed, at first conversion, and before he did witness adoption, he then revealed our estate to us to be an estate of bondage ; which he then doth in love, to drive us out of it; and then indeed he was a * spirit of bondage
: to which he hath reference when he says, to fear again/ because he was once such to them, and such the Holy Ghost then might be, and then witness to them that their estates were damnable ; for then it was a truth, in that they had lived in an estate of bondage, whereunto damnation was immediately due ; and had they died in it, had certainly fallen upon them.^ But when once, by making a man a son, he hath become the spirit of adoption to him, then if ever he should put him into such apprehensions and fears again, he should witness an untruth. Therefore, for the comfort of them and all believers, he tells them that he never crosseth nor reverseth his testimony of adoption, but his office is to be ready as a witness to seal
244 A CHILD OF LIGHT WALKING IN DARKNESS. [PART I.
to it. But yet, though the judge doth not condemn anymore, yet the jailor may trouble and affright us, and our own hearts may condemn us, 1 John
iii. 21. God may give Satan leave to cast us into prison, to clap bolts upon us again, and to become a lying spirit of bondage to us, as he became a
lying spirit in the mouth of Ahab s prophets; and he may give up our hearts
to be fettered with the cords of our own sins, Prov. v. 22, and to be en
snared with its own inventions, and fears, and jealousies.
For a more distinct understanding of this, to manifest how it comes to
pass that all this befalls God s child, I will shew how far the Holy Ghost
proceedeth in it, and puts forth his hand towards it; and what Satan s work
is, where he strikes in, and our own hearts, to work further and deeper dis
tress than the Holy Ghost by himself alone intended. For unto these three
several hands is the whole to be ascribed, and the works of God s Spirit, and
his concurrence therein, carefully to be severed from Satan s, as light from
darkness at the first.
Thus far, then, the Spirit of God may concur in this darkness that befalls
his child :
(1.) Privatively. He may suspend his testimony, and the execution of
his office of witnessing adoption ; he may withdraw his comfortable presence, and hide himself for a moment, and conceal his love, as other fathers will
sometimes do ; as David did, when yet his heart was towards Absalom. He
may not admit him to see his face, he may shut a son out of doors, when
yet he doth not cast him off. He may retain their sins, as Christ s ex
pression is, John xx. 23, -that is, call in the patent of his pardon which he had passed under his hand and seal, in earth, that is, in their own con
sciences; take it out of their hands and custody, and call for it home again into the pardon-office in heaven, Matt, xviii. 18, and there keep it. And
also when Satan comes and gives in a false witness and evidence, and our own hearts thereupon likewise condemn us, the Holy Ghost may stand by, as it were, silent, and say nothing to the contrary, but forbear to contradict
Satan by any loud testimony or secret rebuking him, as he doth at other
times ; as Zech. iii. 1, 2.
(2.) Positively. He may further proceed
[!]j To reveal and represent God as angry with his child for such and
such sins formerly committed, and make him sensible thereof; not barely by
concealing his love, but by making impressions of his wrath upon his con
science immediately, and not by outward crosses only. Thus, Isa. Ivii. 17,
1 8, God not only hid himself and was wroth, that is, expressed his wrath
1 1 smote him and was wroth; and ver. 16, he con
by hiding himself, but
tended and was wroth, that is, fought against him as an enemy, as Isa,
Ixiii. 10, and this with his wrath upon his spirit. For it follows that the
spirit was ready to fail, and the soul which he had made. So as it was the
spirit which was the white God shot at and wounded, and that so deep that
: which Solomon calls by way of dis
it was ready to fail and come to nothing
tinction a wounded spirit, which who can bear ? and differenceth it from all
other afflictions upon the outward man, which strike the spirit but through the
clothes of the body mediately ; for, says he, the spirit of a man will sustain
- that is, aU such outward afflictions wherein it suffers^but by way of sympathy and compassion. But when the spirit itself is laid bare and naked, and wounded immediately by God s wrath, which only can reach
his infirmity
it and wound it, who can bear this ? Thus towards Heman, God did not
only hide his face from him, Ps. Ixxxviii. 14, but his fierce wrath went over
( thy terrors, says he, cut me off, ver. 16 ; not wounded him only,
him/ and
CflAP. III.] A CHILD OF LIGHT WALKING IN" DARKNESS. 245
but even cut him off. And such impressions of immediate wrath, as expres sions and effects of God s anger, the Holy Ghost may make upon the spirit of his child. For it is a truth that God is angry and wroth with them when
they sin; which anger he may make known, not only by dumb signs in out ward crosses and effects, but by an immediate witnessing, and plain and
express speaking so much to their consciences, and making them to feel so much, by scalding drops of his hot displeasure let fall thereon. And as other
fathers shew their anger by whipping the bodies of their children, upon this
ground, as says the apostle, because they are the fathers of our flesh, Heb.
xii. 9 ; so, for the like reason, may God shew his anger and chastise his children by lashing their spirits
: for he is the Father of our spirits, as he,
speaks in the same place. And likewise our spirits, and the very bones and marrow of them, do lie open and naked to him with whom we have to do; and his word and Spirit being quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, are able
i to divide, and cut even to the bones and mar
row, as the same author speaks, Heb. iv. 12, 13. Yet withal, so as when he expresseth his wrath thus upon their consciences, he doth not witness
that this is an eternal wrath which he hath conceived against them ; for it
is but a temporary displeasure, it is but for a moment, as Isaiah speaks, the indignation of a father ; nor is it a wrath which revenging justice hath
stirred in him, btft fatherly affection, Heb. xii. 6. And though the Spirit
tells them that God is displeased, yet never that they are accursed ; that is
a false collection made out of it. Yet
[2.] The Holy Ghost may proceed yet further herein ; so far as to bring
forth, and shew him, and shake over him the rod of his eternal wrath, espe
cially when he hath provoked Christ by presumptuous sins already, and to
prevent his going on frowardly in the way of his heart. And this, both by
presenting to them and setting on all those threatenings, which do hypotheti-
cally and conditionally threaten, even to believers, eternal damnation : such
as that which we find, Rom. viii. 13, If ye live after the flesh, ye/ even you
believers, shall die ; for there is a truth in all such threatenings, so condi
tionally propounded, which reacheth God s dearest children, under a condition, and with relation to going on in sin. To stop him and prevent him in which, when he is agoing on frowardly in the way of his heart, the Holy Spirit may
bring home such threatenings to him, with respect to such a course as he is
entering into, and accordingly stir up the fear of that damnation thus threat
ened, if he should go on in those sins he hath begun to commit. But to
apply threatenings of eternal damnation simply to his person, as that thou
shalt die eternally, this the Holy Ghost doth not speak to the heart of a be
liever, when he is a believer. And again also, the Holy Ghost may repre sent to him and mind him of all those examples of men in whom, for their
going on in sin, his soul hath had no pleasure, Heb. x. 39 ; and of God s
dealings with them, as how he sware against many of the Israelites, for
their provocations of him, that they should never enter into his rest ; and how he rejected Esau for the despisal of his birthright, and all this with this
end, to startle and awaken him ; and with this intimation, that for such and such sins God might in like manner deal with him. For these and the like
examples doth the Spirit of God set before the believing Hebrews, Heb. iii.,
xii. ; and the believing Corinthians, 1 Cor. x. 5-13, to keep them in fearful-
ness to offend. But to apply any such examples absolutely unto them, so
as to say, Thus God intends to do with thee for such and such sins, and that God will never be merciful, this the Holy Ghost doth not speak to a be
liever s heart.
!46 A CHILD OF LIGHT WALKING IN DAKKNESS. [PART L