Outhne: Inferno Xi

a second group of heretics: Pope Anastasius

the stench of sin from lower hell

Virgil’s description of the sins of lower hell: malice resulting in use of violence or fraud

violence (Circle 7) vs. neighbor, self, or God

fraud (Circle 8) vs. others

treachery, a worse form of fraud (Circle 9)

Dante’s question: why are not the inhabitants of Circles 2–5 punished in Dis?

Virgil’s answer: incontinence less offensive to God than malice and mad brutishness

Dante still puzzled by Virgil’s words about usury

Virgil on the sin against art, “God’s grandchild”

coda: Virgil announces it is time to go (ca. 4 am)