Abbreviations
For text-critical symbols see the introduction to Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.).
AB Anchor Bible
Abot R.Nat. Abot de Rabbi Nathan
ACQ American Church Quarterly
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums
AJA American Journal of Archaeology
AJT American Journal of Theology
AnBib Analecta Biblica
ANF The Ante-Nicene Fathers
ANRW H. Temporini, ed., Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
Apoc.Abr. Apocalypse of Abraham
Apoc.Mos. Apocalypse of Moses
Appian
Maced. Macedonian Affairs (History of Rome)
Apuleius
Met. Metamorphoses
Aristides
or.sac. Oraculae Sacrae
Aristophanes
Thes. Thesmophoriazusae
Aristot. Aristotle
Pol. Politica
Oneir. Oneirocriticus
As.Mos. The Assumption of Moses
ASNU Acta seminarii neotestamentici upsaliensis
ASV American Standard Version
ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments
ATR Anglican Theological Review
ATRsuppl Anglican Theological Review supplementary series
Aufl. Auflage, edition
AusBR Australian Biblical Review
AUSSDS Andrews University Seminary Studies Dissertation Series
b.Abod.Zar. Babylonian Talmud, tractate Aboda Zara
Abot. Aboth
B.Mes. Baba Mesiah
Ber. Berakot
Git. Gittim
Hul. Hullin
Ketub. Ketuboth
Moed Qat. Moed Qatan
Pes. Pesahim
Qidd. Qiddusin
Rosh.Hash. Rosh Hashanah
Sabb. Sabbath
Sanh. Sanhedrin
Sot. Sotah
Suk. Sukkah
Taan. Taanith
Yeb. Yebamot
BA Biblical Archaeologist
BAGD W. Bauer, W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (2d ed., Chicago, 1979)
Bar. Baraita (for tractates see under )
BARev Biblical Archaeology Review
BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research
BDAG F. W. Danker, W. Bauer, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (3d ed., Chicago, 2000)
BDF F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago, 1961)
BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
BETS See
BG M. Zerwick, Biblical Greek (Rome, 1963)
Bib Biblica
BiBh Bible Bhashyam
BibInt Biblical Interpretation
BibKirch Bibel und Kirche
BibNotiz Biblische Notiz
BibRes Biblical Research
BibRev Biblical Review
BibSac Bibliotheca Sacra
BibTrans The Bible Translator
BibZeit Biblische Zeitschrift
BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin
BZ Biblische Zeitschrift
c. century
ca. circa, about
CBC The Cambridge Bible Commentary
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CBSC The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
cf. confer, compare
CGTSC Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges
chap(s). chapter(s)
Cicero
Acad. Academica
Att. Epistulae ad Atticum
Cluent. Pro Cluentio
Fin. de Finibus
CJT Canadian Journal of Theology
comm. commentary, commentaries
ConcJ Concordia Journal
CQR Church Quarterly Review
C-R Ciampa and Rosner commentary
CrisTR Criswell Theological Review
CT Christianity Today
CTJ Calvin Theological Journal
CTM Concordia Theological Monthly
CurTM Currents in Theology and Mission
Cyril Cyril of Alexandria
Arcad. de recta fide ad Arcadiam et Marinam
Danby H. Danby, The Mishnah, Translated from the Hebrew with Introduction and Brief Explanatory Notes
DBM Deltion biblikon mekton
Demos. Demosthenes
or. orations
DetBapSJ Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal
Did. The Didache
Dio Chrys. Dio Chrysostom
or. orations
Diod.Sic. Diodorus Siculus
Diog.L. Diogenes Laertius
Vit. Vita (Life)
Dion.Hal. Dionysius Halicarnassus
Ditt. Syl. Dittenberger, ed., Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecorum
DSB The Daily Study Bible
EBC The Expositor’s Bible Commentary
EBib Etudes Bibliques
ed. editor, edited by, edition
e.g. exempli gratia, for example
EGT The Expositor’s Greek Testament
Ep. epistula, letter
ep.Ar. Epistle of Aristeas
Epict. Epictetus
esp. especially
EstBib Estudios Biblica
EstEcl Estudios Ecclesia
ESV English Standard Version
ET English translation
ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses
EvQ Evangelical Quarterly
EvT Evangelische Theologie
Exp The Expositor
ExpT The Expository Times
FBBS Facet Books, Biblical Series
FilolNT Filologia Neotestamentaria
FoiVie Foi et Vie
FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments
Gk. Greek
GNB Good News Bible
GNC Good News Commentary
GOTR Greek Orthodox Theological Review
HeyJ Heythrop Journal
HistR History of Religions
HKNT Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament
HNTC Harper’s NT Commentaries
HPR Homiletic and Pastoral Review
HSW E. Hennecke, W. Schneemelcher, R. W. Wilson, New Testament Apocrypha
HTR Harvard Theological Review
HUT Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie
IB Interpreter’s Bible
IBS Irish Biblical Studies
ICC International Critical Commentary
IDBSup G. A. Buttrick, ed., Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplement
Ignatius
Rom. Romans
impf. imperfect tense
impv. imperative
incl. including
Int Interpretation
Irenaeus
Haer. Adversus haereses
ITQ Irish Theological Quarterly
JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion
JAdvThSoc Journal of the Adventist Theological Society
JB The Jerusalem Bible
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature
JBR Journal of the Bible and Religion
Jerome
vir.ill. De viris illustribus
JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
JHC Journal of Higher Criticism
JITC Journal for the Interdenominational Theological Center
JJS Journal of Jewish Studies
Jos. Josephus
Ant. Jewish Antiquities
c.Ap. Contra Apion (Against Apion)
War The Jewish War
Jos. et As. Joseph and Asenath
JPentTh Journal of Pentecostal Theology
JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament
JSNTSS Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series
JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
JSS Journal of Semitic Studies
JTC Journal for Theology and the Church
JTS Journal of Theological Studies
Jub. Book of Jubilees
Justin Justin Martyr
Apol. Apology
Dial. Dialogue with Trypho
KJV King James Version
LAE A. Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East
LB The Living Bible
LCC Library of Christian Classics
LingBib Linguistica Biblica
lit. literally
Livy
hist. History of Rome
Loeb Loeb Classical Library
LSJ Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford)
Luc. Lucian
Alex. Alexander the False Prophet
dial.het. Dialogoi Hetairikoi (Dialogues of the Courtesans)
fug. Fugitivi (The Runaways)
Tim. Timon (or The Misanthrope)
LumV Lumière et Vie
LWC The Living Word Commentary
LXX The Septuagint
m.Abot, etc. Mishnah (for tractates, see under )
MajT Majority Text
Marc.Aur.Ant. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Mart. Pol. Martyrdom of Polycarp
Mek. Ex. Mekilta Exodus
mg. margin (the reading found in the margin)
Midr.Num. Midrash on Numbers
Midr.Ps. Midrash on Psalms
Midr.Qoh. Midrash on Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes)
MKNT H. A. W. Meyer, Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament
MM J. H. Moulton, G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (1930)
MNTC Moffatt New Testament Commentary
MS(S) Manuscript(s)
MSJ Master’s Seminary Journal
MTZ Münchener theologische Zeitschrift
n. (nn.) note (notes)
NA27 E. Nestle, K. Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.)
NAB New American Bible
NAG Nachrichten von der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen
NASB New American Standard Bible
NCB New Century Bible
NEB New English Bible
NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament
NIDNTT C. Brown, ed., The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary
NIV New International Version (2011)
NJB New Jerusalem Bible
Notes Notes on Translation
NouvRT Nouvelle Revue Théologique
NovT Novum Testamentum
NovTSup Novum Testamentum, Supplements
NRSV New Revised Standard Version
n.s. new series
NT New Testament
NTD Das Neue Testament Deutsch
NTM The New Testament Message
NTS New Testament Studies
Or.Sib. The Sibylline Oracles
OT Old Testament
OTP J. H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
O-W Orr-Walther (commentary; see )
P.Berl.Leibg. Papyrus Berlin Leibgarde
Philo
Abr. De Abrahamo, On Abraham
agric. De Agricultura, On Husbandry
cher. De Cherubim, On the Cherubim
congr.qu.er. De Congressu quaerendae Eruditionis gratia, On Preliminary Studies
det.pot.ins. Quod Deterius Potiori insidiari solet, The Worse Attacks the Better
gig. De Gigantibus, On the Giants
leg.ad Gai. De Legatione ad Gaium, On the Embassy to Gaius
leg.all. Legum Allegoriarum, Allegorical Interpretation
Mos. De Vita Mosis, Life of Moses
mut.nom. De Mutatione Nominum, On the Change of Names
omn.prob.lib. Quod Omnis Probus Liber sit, Every Good Man Is Free
op.mund. De Opificio Mundi, On the Creation
post.Cain. De Posteritate Caini, On the Posterity and Exile of Cain
praem. De Praemiis et Poenis, On Rewards and Punishments
quis rer.div. Quis Rerum Divinarum Heres, Who Is the Heir
sacr.AC De Sacrificiis Abelis et Caini, On the Sacrifices of Abel and Cain
somn. De Somniis, On Dreams
spec.leg. De specialibus legibus, Special Laws
virt. De Virtutibus, On the Virtues
Philostr. Philostratus
V.Soph. Vitae Sophistarum
Plato
Gorg. Gorgias
leg. Leges
Lys. Lysis
Phaed. Phaedrus
Pliny
Ep. Epistles
panegyr. panegyricus
Plutarch
Alex.M. Life of Alexander the Great
Fort.Rom. On the Fortunes of the Romans
lib.educ. De liberis educandis, On the Education of Children
Mor. Moralia
tranq.an. De tranquillitate animi
Polycarp
Phil. Epistle to the Philippians
POxy The Oxyrynchus Papyri
PRS Perspectives in Religious Studies
Ps. Sol. Psalms of Solomon
ptc. participle
PTR Princeton Theological Review
Q Qumran
1QPH Pesher on Habakkuk
1QS Rule of the Community
4QFlor Florilegium
q.v. quod vide, which see
RB Revue Biblique
REB The Revised English Bible (revision of the NEB)
repr. reprint(ed)
RestQ Restoration Quarterly
RevBib Revue Biblique
RevExp Review and Expositor
RHE Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique
RHPR Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses
RivB Rivista biblica italiana
R-P Robertson-Plummer (commentary; see )
RSR Recherches de science religieuse
RSV Revised Standard Version
RTP Revue de Théologie et de Philosophie
RTR Reformed Theological Review
RV Revised Version
Sallust
Jug. Bellum Iugurthinum
SBFLA Studii biblici Franciscani Liber annuus
SBL Society of Biblical Literature
SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series
SBLTT Society of Biblical Literature Texts and Translations
SBT Studies in Biblical Theology
ScEs Science et esprit
Scr Scripture
SD Studies and Documents
SEÅ Svensk exegetisk årsbok
Seneca
benef. De Beneficiis
ep. Epistulae
prov. De Providentia
SewTR Sewanee Theological Review
SJT Scottish Journal of Theology
SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series
SNTSU Studien zum Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt
SR Studies in Religion
ST Studia Theologica
Stobaeus
Ecl. Eclogae
Str-B H. Strack and P. Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
STRev Sewanee Theological Review
StudEv Studia Evangelica
StulosTJ Stulos Theological Journal
SWJT Southwestern Journal of Theology
T.Benj. The Testament of Benjamin
T.Job The Testament of Job
T.Jud. The Testament of Judah
T.Lev. The Testament of Levi
T.Naph. The Testament of Naphtali
T.Reub. The Testament of Reuben
t.Suk., etc. The Tosephta (for tractates, see under )
Tacitus
Germ. Germania
TCNT The Twentieth Century New Testament
TDNT G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
Tert. Tertullian
pudic. de pudicitia (On Chastity)
res. de Resurrectione mortuorum (On the Resurrection of the Dead)
Teub. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana (Leipzig)
Tg.Onq. Targum Onqelos
Tg.Ps.-J. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
ThDig Theology Digest
Theod. Theodotion
ThLZ Theologische Literaturzeitung
THNT Theologischer Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
ThRev Theological Review, Near East School of Theology, Beirut
TNTC The Tyndale New Testament Commentaries
TR The Textus Receptus
trans. translation, or translated by
TrinJ Trinity Journal
TS Theological Studies
TSK Theologische Studien und Kritiken
TU Texte und Untersuchungen
TynB Tyndale Bulletin
TZ Theologische Zeitschrift
UBS4 United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (4th ed.)
USQR Union Seminary Quarterly Review
v. (vv.) verse (verses)
VerbEccl Verbum et Ecclesia
VigC Vigiliae Christianae
VoxR Vox Reformata
WC Westminster Commentaries
WH Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
WMANT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament
WPC Westminster Pelican Commentaries
WTJ Westminster Theological Journal
Xenophon
apol. apologia Socratis
de Rep.Lac. de Republica Lacedaemoniorum
mem. memorabilia
ZKG Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
ZKT Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie
ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft
ZTK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche