dependent on Matthew, and specifically Matthew 24:5 cf. 16 therefore a compilation of various literary texts?26
16.1-8 1. According to the traditional view, chap. 16 is dependent on Matthew, and specifically Matthew 24:5 cf.
Harnack,6 Funk,7 Robinson,8 Vokes,9 Johnson,10 Massaux,11 Richardson,12 Stommel,13 Hagner,14 and others.15 Beyond this, other literary models enter into consideration. Thus the Gospel of Luke could be quoted
(e.g., Connolly,16 Richardson17); Pauline letters could have been used (e.g., Johnson,18 Stommel19); there could be dependence on Barnabas (thus, e.g., Harnack,20
Robinson,21 Connolly,22 Vokes,23 Muilenburg,24 Richardson25). There is no disputing that Did. 16.7 quotes the Old Testament, namely, Zech 14:5. Is chap.
16 therefore a compilation of various literary texts?26
"It will be clearly seen that the Didache's Apocalypse is founded on that in Matt. XXIV, enriched from various New Testament sources, from Barnabas, and from the Old Testament."27 Massaux's opinion is more
4 See above, p. 38 n. 62, and the commentary below on Did. 16.1. From among the other presentations let me mention those of Drews and Bammel. Drews
("Untersuchungen," 69-70) suggested (to list only the most important points) various recensions of the basic document with different conclusions. One
(already shortened) form can still be discerned behind Barnabas 21/Canons 14; another, still fur ther shortened, is in Doctrina. In contrast, Didache
Did. 16.6b/Matt 24:31
[Did. 16.7/Matt 25:31] Did. 16.8/Matt 24:30b; 26:64.
6 Harnack, Lehre, 60.
7 Funk, Patres apostolici, 35: "Summa capitis ex Evangelio secundum Matthaeum 24 hausta est" ("The bulk of the chapter is drawn from Matthew 24").
8 Robinson, Didache, 68.
9 Vokes, Riddle, 111.
10 Johnson, "Motive," 118-19.
11 Massaux, Influence, 3.167-73.
12 Richardson, "Teaching," 165.
13 Stommel, "Erjueiov," 27-42; and A. J. B. Higgins, "The Sign of the Son of Man (Matt XXIV,30)," NTS
9 (1962/63) 380-82.
14 Hagner, Use, 280.
15 There is an original variation on this in Butler, "Relations," 276-83. Aono (Entwicklung, 186, 188) posits indirect dependence on Matthew.
16 Connolly, "Streeter on the Didache," 374-75.
17 Richardson, "Teaching," 165.
18 Johnson, "Motive," 119: "The Antichrist is intro duced into Matthew's scheme in language that sug gests 2 Thessalonians 2:9."
19 Stommel, 27-33, 32: 2 Thessalonians and Galatians.
20 Harnack, Lehre, 60; idem, "Prolegomena," 287-88; idem, Apostellehre, 12-13.
21 Robinson, Didache, 66-68.
22 "Barnabas and the Didache," 166-67; idem, "Streeter on the Didache," 376.
23 Vokes, Riddle, 111.
24 Muilenburg, Literary Relations, 159-60.
25 Richardson, "Teaching "163, 165.
26 Cf., e.g., the judgment of Muilenburg, Literary Relations, 163: "a cento of N. T. writings and 16 is probably closest to the original form because
Drews suspected "that originally a longer apoca lypse constituted the conclusion of D" (p. 70).
Bammel ("Schema," 253-62) differs. He investigates the eschatological epilogues of related documents and comes to the conclusion that these epilogues were subject to extensive changes (p. 257). Hence one may not regard Didache 16 in its present form as simply the original conclusion of the Two Ways tractate in the source. In addition there were two types of eschatological epilogues: "The one looks toward the blessed end, the other points to the judgment, and only in that connection to the /jLLodoq" (p. 258). Bammel assigns Didache 16 to this second type. Chap. 16 is not, however, a unit; vv.
1-2 are an eschatological parenesis while vv. 3-8 are the "depiction of the cosmic eschatology" (p. 259).
In v. 2b the characteristic epilogue type appears, and it leads in vv. 3-8 to a digression (p. 259). The resumption of the thread dropped in v. 3 has been lost from H. The original conclusion should be sought in a formula close to the Georgian text
(p. 260). But what we now read in vv. 3-8 is a subse quent "apocalyptic inflation" (p. 261).
5 Cf. Did. 16.1a/Matt 24:42
Did. 16.1 c/Matt 24:42 and 44 Did. 16.3/Matt 24:11-12 and 7:15
Did. 16.4a/Matt 24:12 and 10 Did. 16.4b/Matt 24:24
Did. 16.4d/Matt 24:21
Did. 16.5b/Matt 24:10
Did. 16.5c/Matt 24:13 (10:22b) Did. 16.6a/Matt 24:30a Barnabas."
27 Vokes, Riddle, 111. The apocalypse in the Didache "is an artificial catena of New Testament and other pas sages" (p. 143). The idea of the Montanist origins of the Didache, which Vokes originally connected with this, can be left entirely out of the discussion here.