Subject and Author Index
A
Abraham
and circumcision, 111–14
and infant baptism, 174, 194–95
à Brakel, Wilhelmus (1635–1711), 136, 195, 198
abyss/abyssos, 301–02
accidents, vs. substance, 241–43
action, sacraments as, 95
activities, of faith, 152–54
and infant baptism, 177, 197, 200
admonition, and ecclesiastical discipline, 48–50
adoption, and infant baptism, 194–95
adults, baptism of, 140–57, 170–71, 183
agape, as the love feast, 208–209
age of discernment, 178, 186–89, 244–45
Agricola, Johann (c. 1494–1566), 84
aiōnios, 306–07
air, the last judgment in, 290
akrobystia, 110–11
“all of you,” 216–17
Ambrose of Milan (d. 397), 126, 135
angels, as judges, 290–91
Anglicans, and baptism, 126, 190, 193
annihilation, 267–68, 304, 309
antinomianism, 86
Antiochus Epiphanes (d. 164 BC), and the antichrist, 282
antiquity/antiquitas, of the church, 28
apokatastasis pantōn, 304, 308
apōleia, 302
Apollos, baptism of, 120
apostasy
and the antichrist, 281–84
and infant baptism, 171–72, 175, 188
as appointing office-bearers, 58–59, 64–65, 70–72
and Christ’s return, 286–87
and extreme unction, 107–08
as judges, 290–91
and the millennium, 297–98
Apostles’ Creed, 18–23
apostolate, 20, 34, 39–40, 53–54
apostolicity, 27
apostolos, 51–52
Aquinas, Thomas (1225–1274), 135, 275
Arabians, and circumcision, 111–12
arlah, 110
assemblies, larger, 72–74
assurance, and the Lord’s Supper, 246
Athanasius (c. 295–373), 135
attributes
of the church, 20–23
of God, 77
Augsburg Apology, 240
Augsburg Confession (1530), 239
Augustine (354–430)
on baptism, 135–37
and eschatology, 259, 274, 279
on the Last Supper, 208, 225, 242
and the sacraments, 89, 93, 99
authority
of the apostles, 52
See also power
autonomy, of the local church, 73–74
B
Babylon, and the antichrist, 282
and confirmation, 105–06
infant, 133, 140–41, 144–45, 158–200
as a sacrament, 91–93
Baptists
and the church, 24–25
and circumcision, 161–63
and immersion, 122–29
and infant baptism, 158–59, 166–67
baptō, 121–24
Baron, Robert (d. 1639), 171
Basil of Caesarea (d. 379), 126
beast, and the antichrist, 283
Belgic Confession (1561), 82, 89–90, 96, 156, 199–200, 223, 232
believers
and the church, 3–4, 16–20, 28
and the last days, 275–77, 290–91, 295–98
Bellarmine, Robert (1542–1621), 12, 15, 27, 135, 247, 281
Bengel, Johann Albrecht (1687–1752), 115, 136
Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), 135
Beza, Theodore (1519–1605), 48, 119, 136, 176, 189–90
birth pain, 285
bishops
vs. apostles, 53–54
in church government, 33–34, 108
blessing
baptism as, 154–56
eternal, 306–10
the Lord’s Supper as, 207, 210–11, 220
blood, and circumcision, 112
and the Lord’s Supper, 203–05, 215–19, 226–28, 233–39, 242
body, the
and baptism, 122–23, 126–27, 177
and death, 256–58, 261–64, 267, 289, 294
resurrection of, 16, 257, 269–77, 309–10
the church as, 3, 8–10, 13–24, 27, 147–49, 152–56, 310
and church government, 34, 38–39, 45–46
in heaven, 232–33, 236–39, 270–72, 310
and the Lord’s Supper, 97, 169, 210–24, 227–28, 231–44, 247–48
Böhmer, Justus Henning (1674–1749), 36
books, and the last judgment, 292
Braun, Johannes (1628–1708), 178
bread, and the Lord’s Supper, 95, 204–05, 209–14, 226–28, 242
breaking, of bread, 207, 211, 214
bride, of Christ, 17
Bucanus, Guilelmus (d. 1603), 266
buildings, church, 12
building the church, 6–8
burial, and baptism, 132
Burman, Franz (1628–1679), 177–78
C
Calixtus, Georg (1586–1656), 119
call, of God, and ekklēsia, 6, 13–14
calling, of office-bearers, 62–70
Calov, Abraham (1612–1686), 119
Calvin, John (1509–1564)
on baptism, 119, 123, 135–36, 139, 145, 147
on the church, 24
on the Lord’s Supper, 217, 222–28, 230–36, 239–40
on the sacraments, 81, 93–94, 107, 110, 151–52
canon, church, 42
Carlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von (d. 1541), 212
Catechism of the Council of Trent (Roman Catechism) (1566), 27, 93, 135, 242, 247
catholicity, of the church, 22–23, 27–28
Catholics
and the antichrist, 281–84
and baptism, 125–26, 137–39, 143, 151
and calling and ordination, 63–65, 68–71
and the church, 4, 9, 12–23, 27–31, 34
and church authority, 37–38, 73
and hell, 303
and infant baptism, 158, 182–83, 190, 193, 196, 199–200
and the Lord’s Supper, 203, 210–12, 216–17, 241–43, 247–49
and purgatory, 258–59
and the sacraments, 79–81, 87–88, 91–93, 97–109
and Scripture, 41
celibacy, 109
change, and the new creation, 274, 308–09
character indelebilis, 64, 101
charisma, extraordinary, 120–21
charismata, 56
children
and ecclesiastical discipline, 47–48
and the limbus infantium, 259–60
and the Lord’s Supper, 244–45
and the resurrection, 275–77
and second probation, 265–66
and Sheol-Hades, 261
See also baptism, infant
chiliasm. See millennium
Christ
and the apostles, 52–53
and baptism, 126–32, 135–36, 147–49, 153–56
and the church, 4–8
and infant baptism, 167, 183–84
and John’s baptism, 116–20
as the judge, 290
and the Lord’s Supper, 203–05, 211, 214–15, 218–44
and office-bearers, 57–59, 62–63, 69
and the resurrection, 270–72, 276
and the sacraments, 77, 80, 88–90, 95–103
See also blood of Christ; body of Christ
Christology, Lutheran, 213, 239–41
Chrysostom, John (347–407), 140
church, 22
and baptism, 131, 138–43, 150, 157
and infant baptism, 166–75, 186–87, 192, 198
and marriage, 108–09
and the sacraments, 80–81, 101
church, local, 10, 35–36, 73–74
and confession, 14–15
and ecclesiastical discipline, 46, 245–46
vs. invisible, 8–9, 13–21, 168–69, 186–87
churches, vs. church, 10–11
church-historical theory, 299
church councils, 38–39, 48–49, 57, 67
Church Order of Dort (1619), 49, 60, 67–68
Cicero (106–43 BC), 266
circumcision
and the sacraments, 98, 103–04, 110–14
cleansing, baptism as. See purification, baptism as
clergy, 19, 37–39, 57, 137–39. See also office-bearers; priests
clinical baptism, 125
clinici, 125
Cloppenburg, Johann (1592–1652), 136
Cocceius, Johannes (1603–1669), 136
coetus fidelium, 19
cognito causae, 292–94
collegial system, 36
command, word of, 99, 102, 204–05
communion of saints, 156, 208, 237
communio sub una specie, 217
company, of believers, 19
concupiscentia, 199
confirmation, as a sacrament, 93, 105–06
and councils, 72–74
and ecclesiastical discipline, 48–49
and office-bearers, 57–59, 63–67, 70
Congregationalists, and the Half-Way Covenant, 170
consciousness
and baptism, 130–31, 143, 148–56
and calling, 63
and death, 255, 257, 264, 267–68, 289
and infant baptism, 164, 187, 190–94
and judgment, 292
and the Lord’s Supper, 211, 215, 221–31, 235–38
and the means of grace, 77, 88, 93, 96, 107
consecration, and transubstantiation, 241–43
consubstantiation, 240
consummation, of salvation, 308
conversion, and baptism, 118, 131, 155–56
conviction, by the law, 84
Council of Constance, (1414–1418), 217
Council of Nicaea (325), 29–30
Council of Trent (1545–1563), 116
covenant
Noahic, 110
old, 102–04
of works, 86
covenant of grace, 85–87
and baptism, 134, 142–43, 157, 165–69
and the church, 4–6
and infant baptism, 114, 161–63, 179–88, 194–95, 198–99
as the last days, 251–52
and the Lord’s Supper, 219–20
and the sacraments, 98–99, 103, 110
creation, new, 308–09
creeds, and dogmatic power, 41
Cremer, Hermann (1834–1903), 111
crux interpretum, 121
cup, and the Lord’s Supper, 205, 209–10, 215–17
Cyprian (d. 258), 93, 137, 216
Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386), 126
D
Daniel, on the antichrist, 280–82
Danz, Johann Traugott Leberecht (1769–1851), 115
Darby, John Nelson (1800–1882), 32
darkness, and hell, 302
Davenant, John (1576–1641), 172–73
day, of judgment, 290
deacons, 61–62. See also office-bearers
dead, the, baptism of, 139–40
death, 289
of Christ and baptism, 127–32, 155–56
Sheol-Hades as, 261–63
spiritual vs. temporal, 257, 276
defects, and the resurrection body, 274–75
degrees, of punishment, 304
Delitzsch, Franz (1813–1890), 115, 271
demons, judgment on, 291–92, 301–02
destruction, place of, 262–63, 302
diaconate, vs. presbytery, 61–62
diakonos, 61
Didache of the Twelve Apostles, 125, 160
disciples
of John, 118–21
discipline, ecclesiastical, 19–20, 24–25, 35, 43–50
and the Lord’s Supper, 245
disposition of faith, 151–53, 176–77
diversity, in heaven, 310
divisions, in the church, 23–24
doctores, 60
doctrine
continuity of, 29
purity of, 26–27
Donatists, and rebaptism, 137
Dorner, Isaak August (1809–1884), 265
drinking
of blood, 226–28
of the cup, 216–17
See also eating, of the Lord’s Supper
E
eating, of the Lord’s Supper, 211–12, 221–41, 246–47
Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August (1818–1888), 244
ecclesia representative, 12
ecclesiolatry, 28
‘edah, 5
Edersheim, Alfred (1825–1889), 115
Egypt, and the Passover, 202–06
Egyptians, and circumcision, 111
ekklēsia, 4–12
elders, 55–60
election
and infant baptism, 165, 176–77, 189–90, 197–98
of office-bearers, 35, 38–39, 57–59, 62
elevation, of the believer, 231–33
envoys, apostles as, 52
episcopal system, 33–34
episcopate, vs. presbyterate, 55–56
episkopos, 55–56
Erastus, Thomas (1524–1583), 32–33
Esau, and circumcision, 112
eschatology, 251–53
general, 269–310
individual, 255–68
essence
of the church, 16–19
psycho-physical, 88
eternity, of hell, 304–07
Ethical theologians, and the means of grace, 79
eunuch, Ethiopian, 141
Eusebius of Caesarea (d. c. 340), 264
evangelist, as an office, 54–55
evidence, and the last judgment, 292–93
examination
of a baptismal candidate, 141–43
and the Lord’s Supper, 244–47
of teaching elders, 65–67
excommunicatio major, 49
excommunicatio minor, 49
excommunication, 49–50
See also discipline, ecclesiastical
ex lex, 86
ex opere operato, 59, 151, 247–49
extra ecclesiam nulla salus, 28, 249
extrema unctio, 105
F
faith
and baptism, 130–31, 141–57, 168–69, 174–78
and church unity, 21
and the covenant of grace, 85–87
and infant baptism, 114, 191–92
and the last judgment, 292–93
and the Lord’s Supper, 212, 221–33, 236–39, 245–47
and the sacraments, 81, 91, 95–97, 106
family, church as, 8
fathers
church, 29–30
Old Testament, 259
feast
harvest, 206
love, 208–09
with Christ, 204, 214, 220–24, 228–35
with an excommunicated person, 49–50
fides implicita, 143
finis primaries, 69
fire
and baptism, 118
and the final destruction, 309
and hell, 300–04
firstfruits, Christ as, 270
flesh, the, resurrection of, 269–70
flesh of Christ
and the Lord’s Supper, 224–28, 233–36
See also body of Christ
“for you,” 219
Forbes, John of Corse (1593–1648), 171
forgiveness
and the Lord’s Supper, 219, 242
and penance, 106–07
form, of the church, 16–17
forma sacramenti, 97–98
Form for Baptism, 110, 134, 142–43, 150, 157, 180, 192, 196–99
Form for the Lord’s Supper, 218, 237, 245
Form of Government (Presbyterian church of the U.S.), 57
formula, baptismal, 135–37, 150
Formula of Concord (1577), 143, 224, 240–41
foundation, apostles as, 51–52
French Confession (1559), 223, 232
fruit
and infant baptism, 173, 177–78, 187–88, 197
and the Lord’s Supper, 222–25, 228–29, 239–42, 271
and the resurrection, 276
G
gemeente, vs. kerk, 12
Genevan Catechism (1541), 231–32
Gerhard, Johann (1582–1637), 88, 98, 308
gerim, 115
gifts, of the Spirit, 120–21, 150
glorification, and the Lord’s Supper, 235
gnōrismata, 23
God
and baptism, 156–57
and the church, 18–19
and heaven, 309–10
and infant baptism, 163, 182–85
and office-bearers, 62–63, 69–70
and the Passover meal, 205–06
and the resurrection, 271
and the sacraments, 77–80, 88–90, 93–94
and sin, 307
and the Word, 83–84
Gomarus, Franciscus (1563–1641), 136
gospel, 179
and the last judgment, 292–94
and second probation, 265–66
government, civil, and ordination, 67–68
government, of the church, 20
grace, 77–78
common, 78
effectual, 82
special, 78
See also means of grace
grave, Sheol-Hades as, 263
Greek church
and the Lord’s Supper, 216, 244, 247
and the sacraments, 105
Gregory the Great (d. 604), 259
groupings-theory, 299
H
habitus. See disposition of faith
Half-Way Covenant, 169–71
Hallel, 205
hands
laying on of, 65, 70–71, 105–08, 119–21, 150
raising of, 65
healing, vs. extreme unction, 107–08
hearing, and the means of grace, 89–90
heart, circumcision of, 113
and the intermediate state, 256–58
heavens, the, signs in, 285–86
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831), 289
Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976), 136, 178
Heidelberg Catechism (1563), 40, 49, 82, 84, 147, 224, 249, 276
hell, 256–58, 260–64, 294, 299–307
Herodotus (c. 484 BC–c. 425 BC), 112
Hinnom Valley, 299–300
history, and the last judgment, 289
Hodge, Charles (1797–1879), 58, 71, 101, 118–19, 169–70, 193
holiness
Holy Land, and the millennium, 279–80, 295
Hort, Fenton John Anthony (1828–1898), 11, 123
house, church as, 8
households
and the Passover, 204–05
Hus, Jan (d. 1415), 281
husband, unbelieving, 167–68
I
identity, of the present and resurrected bodies, 272–75
idolatry, and transubstantiation, 249
Ignatius of Antioch (d. c. 108), 22
immersion, vs. sprinkling, 121–32
immortality, conditional, 267–68, 272
imperishability, of the church, 23
impetratorium, 248
and circumcision, 112–13
and Gehenna, 300
incarnation, and the Lord’s Supper, 223, 227, 235–36
individuals, and the church, 3–4
infallibility, of the church, 22
insight, division of, 23–24
institution, words of, 98–102
for baptism, 132–37
for the Lord’s Supper, 209–20
intention, and the sacraments, 100–01
intermediate state, 255–58
invisibilitas characterum, 17
invisibilitas formae seu essentiae, 16
invisibilitas partium, 16
Irenaeus (d. 202), 159, 271, 279
Irvingites, and the apostolate, 54
Islam, vs. Christianity, 125
Israel
and the church, 7–8, 22, 162, 166, 296–97
national conversion of, 279–80, 295–97
J
jailer, Philippian, and baptism, 124
Jerome (347–420), 55
Jerusalem
destruction of, 285
Jerusalem Council, 72
Jews
and the antichrist, 280–81
and baptism, 115–16, 121–23, 136
and circumcision, 111–12, 162–64
and ekklēsia, 4–6
and excommunication, 44
and John’s baptism, 117
national conversion of, 279–80, 295–97
and the Passover, 202–06
John the Baptist, and baptism, 116–21, 132, 143–45, 175
Judaizers, and Catholics, 18
Judas, and the Lord’s Supper, 216–19
judgment
in ecclesiastical discipline, 46
last, 256, 264–65, 289–94, 298
Junius, Franciscus (1545–1602), 177
justification
and baptism, 127, 130, 154–55, 171–73, 200
and the Lord’s Supper, 222, 240
justificatio passiva, 154
Justin Martyr (c. 100–165), 160, 279
K
Keil, Carl Friedrich (1807–1888), 203
kerk, 12–13
keys, of the church, 37–38, 44, 258–59
king, Christ as, 36–38
kingdom of God
and the church, 8–9
Kliefoth, Theodor (1810–1895), 261, 266, 295
knowledge, and the means of grace, 83, 143–44
kyriakon, 13
Kuyper, Abraham (1837–1920), 120, 148, 188–89, 191, 193, 197, 200, 266
L
Labadistic investigation, 142–43
labor pains, 285
laity
and baptism, 137
and the Lord’s Supper, 217, 242
lake of fire, 301
lamb, Passover, 203–04
and the bread, 210–11
Lange, Johann Peter (1802–1884), 61
Large Catechism (Luther) (1529), 145, 240
last days, the, 251–52
law
and John’s baptism, 117
as a means of grace, 84–85
laws, church, 41–42
lawsuits, and the sacraments, 92
Lazarus, and the rich man, 256–58
Lechler, Gotthard Victor (1811–1888), 61
Leiden Synopsis, The (1625), 177
leitourgia, 208
liberation, and the Passover, 202–03, 206, 210, 215
life, and the Lord’s Supper, 223–31, 234–39, 243–44
Lightfoot, Joseph (1828–1889), 115
Logos, 83
Lombard, Peter (d. 1160), 135
Lord’s Supper, 25, 152, 175, 202–49
and baptism, 147–48, 157, 168–70
and confirmation, 106
and excommunication, 49
and infant baptism, 187–88, 194
and the resurrection, 271
as a sacrament, 91–93
Luthardt, Christoph Ernst (1823–1902), 286
Luther, Martin (1483–1546)
on baptism, 123, 133, 140, 151
on the Lord’s Supper, 211, 224, 232, 240–41
and infant baptism, 172, 190–91
and the Lord’s Supper, 210–13, 221, 224–25, 238–42
and the sacraments, 81–82, 88, 97–98, 100–02
Lydia, and infant baptism, 159
M
Maastricht, Petrus van (1630–1706), 60
manducatio oralis, 213, 224, 240
manducatio spiritualis, 224
Manichaeism, 259
Marcionites, and the baptism of the dead, 140
Marck, Johannes a (1656–1731), 178
Maresius, Samuel (1599–1673), 136
marks
of an apostle, 52–53
marriage, as a sacrament, 93, 108–09
mater fidelium, 19
materia coelestis, 88
materia externa et sensibilis, 94
materia interna, 96
material
internal, 96
outward, 94–95
matter, and the resurrection, 273–75
meal
the Lord’s Supper as, 206–07
the Passover as, 202–06
means of grace/media gratiae, 77–249
baptism as, 144–56
infant baptism as, 188–93
the Lord’s Supper as, 231
Mediator, Christ as, 15, 132, 153–55, 214–15, 218–24, 227–33, 290
Melchizedek, and Christ, 248
membership, and ecclesiastical discipline, 47–48
meritorium, 247
merits, of Christ, 247–48
Messiah, and the last days, 251–52
Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm (1800–1873), 116, 145
millennium, 270, 279, 287–88, 291, 295–99
ministers. See office-bearers
ministry of the Word, 40–41, 50
and baptism, 138
and the means of grace, 24–27, 30, 101
and office-bearers, 56–62, 66–71
See also preaching; proclamation
missa, 208
missionaries, vs. apostles, 51
Moloch, and Gehenna, 300
mother, of believers, 19–20
mulah, 110
Musculus, Wolfgang (1497–1563), 244
mutatis mutandis, 73
mysteries, sacraments as, 92–93
mysterium, the Lord’s Supper as, 208
N
name, and baptism, 133–35
natures, of Christ, and the Lord’s Supper, 243–44
necessitas medii, 102
necessitas salutis, 70
necessitatis ordinis, 70
necessity, of the sacraments, 102
Nero (37–68), as the antichrist, 281
Netherlands Liturgy, 47
New Testament, vs. Old Testament, 87, 102–04
Nicodemus, and baptism, 145–46
Nitzsch, Karl Immanuel (1787–1868), 304
nomine, in, 133
norma nomata, confession as, 41
norma normans, Scripture as, 41
notae, 23
nuda signa, 96
numbers, symbolic, 299
O
oaths, military, and the sacraments, 92
obligation
toward the covenant, 187
toward the law, 86–87
and baptism, 137–39
calling of, 62–70
and church authority, 38–40
See also clergy
offices, of the church, 20, 50–74
oil, and extreme unction, 107
Old Testament
and circumcision, 161–64
death in, 259–63
and John’s baptism, 117
sacraments in, 110–14
Olevianus, Caspar (1536–1587), 179
onoma, eis to, 133
opponents, of the church, 31
ordinances, ecclesiastical, 42
ordines majors, 108
ordines minors, 108
ordo slautis, 150
organs, and the resurrection, 274–75
Origen (d. 254), 111, 160, 274, 292, 304
Otto of Bamberg (d. 1139), 105
outpouring, of the Spirit, 127
outside, hell as, 302
Owen, John (1616–1683), 35
P
paganism
and baptism, 114–15
and circumcision, 111–12
and Sheol, 262
children as, 166–67
and second probation, 265–66
See also unbelievers
pain, in hell, 302–05
parable, of the rich man and Lazarus, 256–58
Paradise, and Sheol-Hades, 262
and infant baptism, 158–59, 162, 165–80, 184–85, 192–98
Pareus, David (1548–1622), 171
Parsiism, 259
Pascha, 203
passing away, 308
Passover
and the Lord’s Supper, 202–06, 209, 215–16, 244
and the sacraments, 103–04, 110
Paul
on the antichrist, 281–83
on baptism, 118, 130–32, 138–40, 155–56, 166–68
and church offices, 51–53, 65, 71–72
on ecclesiastical discipline, 44–46
on the Lord’s Supper, 208–11, 214–15, 218–20, 246–47
on the resurrection, 273, 276–77
Pelagians
and the restoration of all things, 304
Pelagius (d. c. 418), 160
penance, as a sacrament, 105–07
Pentecost, and the church, 7–8
people of God, and children, 166–67
perennis, 23
peritomē, 110
permanence, of the church, 28
Pfaff, Christoph Matthäus (1686–1760), 36
Philo of Alexandria (c. 25 BC–c. AD 50), 112
phylakē, 301
pictura verbi, 89
Plymouth Brethren, 32
poenitentia, 105
Pope
as the antichrist, 281–84
and church government, 33–34, 63
postponement, of baptism, 160–61
potestas, in the church, 37–38
potestas disciplinaris, 43
potestas ecclesiastica, 40
potestas judicialis, 43
potestas ordinis, 41–42
and the antichrist, 281–84
dogmatic, 40–41
in the Lord’s Supper, 231–32, 236–37
prayer
and the Lord’s Supper, 210, 220
Prayer of Thanksgiving, 197–99
and the sacraments, 100–01
and second probation, 266
See also ministry of the Word; proclamation
presbyter, 58
presbyterate, vs. episcopate, 55–56
Presbyterian church, and infant baptism, 194
presence of Christ, and the Lord’s Supper, 213, 238–39
priest, Christ as, 248
and baptism, 137–39
and the Lord’s Supper, 214, 217, 241–43
and marriage, 109
prison, hell as, 301
probation, second, 264–66
and the Lord’s Supper, 215, 220
See also ministry of the Word; preaching
profession of faith
and baptism, 106, 141–43, 174–78, 183, 187
and the Lord’s Supper, 245
professorship, as not an office, 60–61
promise, word of, 99
promises of God
and infant baptism, 183–88, 194
and law vs. gospel, 85–87
pronouncement, of the baptismal formula, 136–37
prophecy, 30–31, 119–21, 251–52, 278–80, 283, 297–99
prophet, as an office, 54–56, 68
prophets, false, 285–86
proselytes, baptism of, 115–16
Prosper of Aquitaine (c. 390–c. 455), 171
prostitute, and the antichrist, 283
providence, and grace, 78
Pufendorf, Samuel (1632–1694), 36
punishment
civil vs. ecclesiastical, 50
after death, 267–68, 259–60, 302–07
purgatory, 258–59
baptism as, 113, 116, 122–23, 126–29, 132, 145–50
and purgatory, 258
Puritans
and baptism, 143
and church government, 34–35
purity
and circumcision, 112–13
of the ministry of the Word, 25–27, 30
Q
quod semper, quod ubique, quod ad omnibus, 243
R
Rathmann, Hermann (1585–1628), 81
rebaptism
and heretical baptism, 137–39
of John’s disciples, 118–21
redemption, and the Lord’s Supper, 222
Reformed system, of church government, 36–74
regeneration
and baptism, 131–32, 144–51, 171–73
and infant baptism, 164, 177–78, 181–83, 188–90, 196–98
remembrance, and the Lord’s Supper, 202–03, 214–15, 219–20
renewal, and regeneration, 146–47
repentance
and ecclesiastical discipline, 45–46
restoration of all things, 304, 308
resurrection
double, 270
of the flesh, 269–77
and the millennium, 297–98
successive, 270–71
return, of Christ, 251–52, 278–88
revelation, 30–31
reward, and the last judgment, 293
S
sacramentalism, and infant baptism, 160–61
sacraments
and the church, 3–4, 14–15, 24–25
and excommunication, 49–50
and faith, 152
as means of grace, 79–81, 87–109, 144
and the ministry of the Word, 138, 149–52
in the Old Testament, 98, 103–04, 110, 202–03
and ordination, 64
and a twofold covenant, 168–70
as universal, 125
sacramentum, 92
sacramentum ordinis, 64
sacrificatur, 249
sacrifice
circumcision as, 112
and the Lord’s Supper, 203–04, 226–27, 237, 247–49
as a sacrament, 103
salvation
and baptism, 159
eternal, 306–07
and infant baptism, 193
and the Lord’s Supper, 215
and the sacraments, 90–91, 102
sanctification
and baptism, 171–73, 176–78, 196–98
and death, 257
sarx, 214
satisfactorium, 248
Schleiermacher, Friedrich (1768–1834), 287, 289, 305
schools, and examination of ministers, 66–67
Schürer, Emil (1844–1910), 115
Scotch Confession (1560), 223
sea
and baptism, 124
of crystal, 301
seal
baptism as, 131, 134, 138, 144, 147, 157
circumcision as, 112–14
infant baptism as, 162–63, 168–71, 174, 184–85, 178–79, 182–83, 190–93
the Lord’s Supper as, 225
sacraments as, 93–97, 100, 103–05
second probation, 264–66
seed
and Abraham’s promise, 4, 111–13, 165, 174–75, 194
and infant baptism, 176–78, 184–88, 192–94, 197
and the resurrection, 263, 271–73
and the Word, 81
Seneca (4 BC–AD 65), 266
senses, and the means of grace, 89–90
sententiae executio, 292
sententiae promulgation, 294
of the bread and cup, 214–17, 227, 230
of the good and evil, 255, 291, 298, 305–06
self-willed, 46–47
servants, office-bearers as, 61
serving of the law, the, 87
Shedd, William G. T. (1820–1894), 307
shepherds, teaching elders as, 59–60
sight
of God, 309–10
and the means of grace, 89–90
sign(s)
baptism as, 126–32, 144, 162, 168–71, 174
circumcision as, 112–14
the Lord’s Supper as, 213–14, 225, 233–34, 237–38
and wonders, 284–86
signa theoretica, 96
sin
and circumcision, 112–13
and judgment, 258, 265–66, 293, 307
and the law, 84
and the Lord’s Supper, 219, 245
and penance, 106–07
public, 48–49
sin, original
and infant baptism, 113, 160, 171–73, 183, 189, 199–200
and the last judgment, 260, 265
Sinai, and circumcision, 163
Smalcald Articles (1537), 240, 281
Small Catechism (Luther) (1529), 151, 240
Socinians, 23
Socinus, Faustus (1539–1604), 264
soma, 214
souls, and the intermediate state, 255–58
sovereignty, of Christ, 8–9, 36–38
Spirit
and baptism, 117–19, 124–27, 133–35, 145–51
and the church, 7–8
and circumcision, 113
and confirmation, 105–06
and infant baptism, 175–76, 197–99
and the Lord’s Supper, 223, 228–39
and the sacraments, 88–89, 96–97, 104
and the Word, 81–82
Spiritism, 258
sponsores, 196
sprinkling, vs. immersion, 121–32
state, and the church, 6–7, 32–33, 43–44, 193, 283
Statenvertaling (1637), 11–12, 119
Strong, Augustus Hopkins (1836–1921), 128–29
Stuart, Moses (1780–1821), 307n1
submersion, in baptism, 130–31
substance, vs. accidents, 241–43
success, as not a mark of the church, 31
successio doctrinae, 29
succession, of bishops, 28–29
suffering of Christ, and the Lord’s Supper, 204, 211, 214–16, 220–23, 233–35
Summus Episcopus, 33
synagōgē, 5–6
synaxis, 208
synecdoche, and the body of Christ, 213, 233–36
synod, 72–74
Synod of Dort (1574), 195–96
Synod of Dort (1618–1619), 172, 194
T
table, of the Lord, 207
tables, serving, 62
taking, significance of, 211–12
Talmud, on proselytes, 115
tartaros, 302
teachers
elders as, 60–61
false, 64
teaching
false, 25–27
Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, 125, 160
tebilah, 115
tertius usus legis, 84
Tertullian (c. 160–c. 230), 92–93, 126, 135, 160, 196, 270–71
thanksgiving, the Lord’s Supper as, 207, 210–11
“this is my body,” 212–14
thusia, 208
time, and departed souls, 289
timing, of Christ’s return, 286–88
Topheth, 300
touto, 212–13
tradition, Catholic, 242–43, 259
transformation, of the earthly body, 277
transubstantiation, 210–12, 217, 241–43, 247–49
tree, illustration of, 166
Trinity
and the resurrection, 271
Turretin, Francis (1623–1687), 24, 43, 68–69, 94, 121, 126, 136, 178
types, Old Testament sacraments as, 104
typus, of the body, 274
judgment on, 291–94
and the Lord’s Supper, 245–46
resurrection of, 275–76
See also pagans
uncleanness. See impurity
unction, extreme, 107–08
and baptism, 130, 147–49, 153–56
and the Lord’s Supper, 216, 228–31, 237–38, 244
See also fellowship, with Christ
Unitarians, 137
unity, of the church, 2–4, 11, 20–21, 30, 204
Ursinus, Zacharias (1534–1583), 176
usus didacticus, normativus, 84
usus elenchticus sive paedagogicus, 84
usus politicus and civilis, 84
V
Vatican Council, First (1869–1870), 34
verbum Dei esse aliquid Dei, 81
verbum praedicatum, 100
Vermigli, Peter Martyr (1499–1562), 176–77
virtue, and second probation, 266
virtus Spiritus extrinsecus accedens, 97
vis inhaerens, 97
visio Dei, 309–10
Vitringa, Campegius, Sr. (1659–1722), 62
Voetius, Gisbertus (1589–1676), 38, 67–68, 74, 85, 135, 190
W
Waldensians, and the antichrist, 281
washing, baptism as. See purification, baptism as
water
as an outward material, 95, 126–32
and wine, 216
Westcott, Brooke Foss (1825–1901), 11, 123
Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), 126
wine, and the Lord’s Supper, 95, 205, 216–18, 242
witnesses
apostles as, 52–53
baptismal, 196
two, 286
Witsius, Herman (1636–1708), 85, 87, 110–12, 172, 177, 189–90, 197
Word
and church authority, 28–29, 40–41
and the means of grace, 78–85
and sacraments, 149–52
words of institution. See institution, words of
works, and the last judgment, 292–93
world, and the church, 282–83
Wycliffe, John (d. 1384), 281
Z
Zaccheus, and infant baptism, 165
Zanchi, Girolamo (1516–1590), 239, 266
zeal, of office-bearers, 63
Zwingli, Ulrich (1484–1531), 32, 120, 135, 221–22, 238
Zwinglians
and the Lord’s Supper, 213–14, 221–23, 228–29, 236–38, 241
and the means of grace, 144