Subject and Author Index
A
Abraham:
blessing of, 154
holiness of, 193
Adam, 24, 113, 138, 193, 217–18
and faith, 201
second, 28
adoption (spiritual), 4, 45, 152
as assurance, 157
and justification, 155
as legal concept, 155
results of, 156
antinomianism, 9, 159, 168, 210
and imputed righteousness, 172
and saving faith, 124
apostasy of the saints, 209, 215–17, 220, 221–22
apparent Scriptural support for, 222–24
view of justification, 177
assurance, 109, 122–23, 124, 125, 127, 148, 150, 152, 193, 215–16, 217; see also perseverance
direct, 129
and election, 218–19
and experience, 217
by Holy Spirit, 220
by Jesus Christ, 219–20
and the syllogism of faith, 129
without good works, 211
B
as means of regeneration, 44–45
as sign of regeneration, 31, 45
Belgic confession, 153
Burman, Franz, 163
C
calling, 3
as act of God, 38
of children, 36
as comfort, 38
as consciously received, 10, 20, 34, 37
effectual, see internal calling
internal, 4, 34, 35–36, 37, 38, 39, 45
applied by Holy Spirit, 39
and regeneration, 34, 35–37, 38, 39, 68
order of, 39–40
as source of sanctification, 68
as teleological act, 34
Calvin, John, 4, 40, 114, 122, 152, 204, 215
Canons of Dort, 2–3
children of the covenant, 132
church:
communion with as regeneration, 56
as bride, 27
as object of faith, 96
purity of, 200
Cicero, 83
Cocceius, Johannes, 152
the coming age, 225
Comrie, Alexander, 114, 122, 123, 144, 145
confession (of sin), 157–58
conscious reception of grace, 7, 8, 10, 29, 34, 37, 58, 63, 65, 139, 149, 150, 162
and children, 181
as change in consciousness, 58–60, 64
as consciously received, 58, 63, 65
description of, 63
double, 3
as extension of regeneration, 63–64
false, 65
and internal calling, 65
Latin words for, 62–63
as re-creating, 63
and regenerate children, 71
as regeneration, 2
repeated, 64
role of Holy Spirit, 70
role of knowledge in, 66–67, 70
temporal aspects of, 64–65, 71
of the will, 59
immediate and mediate aspects of, 69–70
conviction of sin, see under sin
and satisfaction of God’s demands, 148
Council of Trent, 140
covenant:
of grace, 36, 39, 97, 112, 113, 119, 142, 156, 169, 171, 190, 193, 201, 202, 217, 218, 219, 224
of works, 24, 142, 151, 171, 178, 193, 215, 218
Curcellaeus, Stephanus, 177
curse, 154
D
David, 222
E
Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August, 160, 179, 216
election, 3, 13, 17, 38, 145, 147–48, 215
and faith, 128
and regeneration, 15
Emmons, Nathanael, 51
emotions, 48–49
conversion of, 60
Erasmus, 217
Episcopalianism, 45
eternal life, 21, 27, 37, 97, 141–42, 150, 152, 153, 160, 215, 221
and inherent righteousness, 171
and justification, 138, 154, 194
F
of Abraham, 73
absence of, 113
as act of God, 131–33
as act of humans, 132
affective aspects of, 106
antecedent, 79, 81, 82, 99, 106
and apostasy, 221
and knowledge, 102
moral element of, 103
volitional element of, 103–04
before regeneration, 66
as capacity of the soul, 83, 92–93
as a new capacity, 93–94
and certainty, 83, 84–85, 89, 90, 124, 129
and conversion, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66–68, 70
and conviction of sin, 67, 100–01
and death of Christ, 128
as defined in Hebrews 11, 77–78, 84, 86, 98
and desire, 86
disposition of, 132
as distinct from “belief”, 85
Dutch words for, 83
as evidence, 78
“from faith to faith”, 81
formed vs. unformed faith, 96, 141
as ground of holiness, 201
and gospel, 69
good works in, 214
Greek concept of, 75–76
pistis (pistis), 75, 76–81, 82
pistis christou (pistis Christou), 81
Hebrew words for, 72–75
influence on NT, 76
in revelation, 91–92
versus saving faith, 93–94, 97, 99–100, 102, 118
versus temporary faith, 108
and Holy Spirit, 91, 92, 109, 115, 128
in human society, 89
and the intellect, 60, 74, 75, 77, 81–85, 103, 106, 113, 114–15
as internal obedience, 80
and invisible objects, 86–87
and justification, 6, 68, 81, 138, 141, 143, 145, 149, 161–62, 163, 164–66, 168, 176
and knowledge, 83–85, 86–88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96–100, 106, 116–17, 119, 224
overemphasis on, 101
Latin words for, 83
and love, 130–31
miracle faith, 110
versus saving faith, 110–11
as moral act, 84
as obedience, 176
object(s) of, 86–87, 88, 89, 94, 97, 113, 116, 125, 129
church as, 96
election as, 128
grace of God as, 125
promises of God as, 126
Scripture as, 116–17
as testimony or person, 130
personal interest of, 131
as proof, 78
psychological aspects of, 83–92
as receptivity, 179–80
and repentance, 61
order of, 68
Roman Catholic views of, 94–96, 101, 141
and sanctification, 201–03, 204
saving faith, 111–12, 114, 116, 117–25, 223
and antinomianism, 124–25
definition of, 112
importance of, 111
invisibility of, 119
and unique relationship to God, 112
versus historical faith, 93–94, 97, 99–100, 102
versus miracle faith, 110–11
versus temporary faith, 108–10
and sensory experience, 90–91
syllogism of, 129
temporary faith, 14, 107–08, 221–22, 223, 224
versus historical faith, 108
versus saving faith, 108–10
and testimony
of the Holy Spirit, 92
as trust, 75, 77, 80–81, 82, 94, 104–05, 121, 123–27, 129, 130, 180
affective aspect of, 104–05, 106
insufficiency of, 96
intellectual aspect of, 104, 121–23
and preaching, 126
and promises of God, 126, 127, 128
and self-trust, 123–24
volitional aspect of, 105–06
types of, 106–07
as value judgment, 85
objections to, 85–86
as waiting on the Lord, 74
and the will, 60, 80, 82, 85–86, 103, 106, 114–15
feelings, 104–05
as basis of temporary faith, 109
federalism, 2
of future sins, 158–59
ground of, 151
and justification, 150–51, 152, 171, 176
G
encouragement by, 10
and good works, 214
and justification, 143
as result of justification, 156
as absolute reality, 118
antecedent, 19
as attribute of God, 11
and deism, 18
resistance of, 15
withdrawal of, 13
and conversion, 63
covenant of, 36, 39, 97, 112, 113, 119, 142, 156, 169, 171, 190, 193, 201, 202, 217, 218, 219, 224
justification under, 151
as distinct from nature, 11
efficacious grace, 13
and justification, 149
and external calling, 97
habitual, 7
and justification, 22, 143, 152, 171
legal basis of, 23
as object of faith, 125
ordained means of, 17–18
and perseverance, 218
relationship to Holy Spirit, 11–12
relationship to Jesus, 20–21
relationship to Scripture, 10, 15–18
good works, see under works
conviction of, 100
removal of, 44, 45, 139, 151, 153, 159
H
heart, 32–33
as dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, 33
Heidelberg Catechism, 101, 112, 114, 121, 122, 126, 129, 132, 170, 172, 192
Hodge, Charles, 107
holiness:
commands to be holy, 207–08
as conformity to God’s law, 201
at death, 226
as dedication to God, 184–85
disposition of, 212
as distinct from purity, 188
as distinct from righteousness, 188
ethical aspect of, 188
faith as ground of, 201–02
of God:
as God’s self-love, 186
in judgment, 186
impression on the soul, 199
in redemption, 186–87
and righteousness, 187
and good works, 214
hagiazō (hagiazō), 190
hagios (hagios), 187
hagiotēs (hagiotēs), 189
Hebrew words for, 184
imputation of, 192
maturity versus, 208
and moral reform, 201
as relationship with god, 188
as separation:
applied to God, 185–86
for special service, 187
from unholy things, 184–85
unconscious, 202
Holy Spirit:
assurance by, 220
and eternal life, 154
illumination by, 102
internal calling applied by, 39
as bond between Christ and believers, 26
and faith, 91, 92, 109, 115, 128
justification by, 135–36
name of, 187s
regeneration by, 2–3, 6, 14, 32, 41, 44, 52, 53, 54, 93
relationship to operations of grace, 10, 11–12, 20
role in conversion of, 70
resisting, 14
sanctification by, 52, 54, 140, 191, 197, 200
and Scripture, 42–43
and union with Christ, 27
working in nature and working in kingdom of grace, 11
Hume, David, 84
humility, 212
as holiness, 201
I
Illyricus, Flacius, 46
conformity to, 204
immediate acts of God, 30
immutability of God, 46
imputation, 23, 118, 126, 138, 145, 151
and antinomianism, 172
of divine nature, 175–76
eternal, 146
justification by, 134, 135, 141, 148, 153, 158, 160, 161, 164–65, 173, 173, 176, 177, 191
and objective character of righteousness, 137
as surety, 148
inheritance (spiritual), 156, 172
assurance through, 219–20
body of, 21, 23, 25, 27–28, 174, 204, 219–20
giver of life, 28
indwelling the believer, 25, 27
and infusion of righteousness, 191–92
knowledge of, 99
love for, 131
merits of, 5, 22, 70, 80, 118–19, 123, 125, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 151, 153, 158, 162, 164, 165, 170, 173, 176, 193, 203
as model of sanctification, 203
as object of faith, 80, 94, 97, 100, 113, 116, 118–19, 124, 125, 127, 130
obedience of, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154, 173, 192
as public person, 174
relationship with, 120, 127, 130, 155
and sanctification, 196–97
resurrection of, 148
sanctification of, 190–91
and saving grace, 20–21
self-justification, 135
sending of Holy Spirit by, 26, 27
under the law, 173–74
Judas, 222
judgment (final), 171
justice of God, 9, 114, 148, 151, 156
Arminian view of, 177
by baptism, 44
certainty of, 139
as change in man’s condition, 137–38, 139, 142
of children, 181
at Christ’s suffering, 148–49, 154–55, 177
and condition of man, 138, 144
as consciously received, 5, 10, 20, 139, 149, 172, 181
and conversion, 68
corporate, 27
as declaration of righteousness, 133–34, 136, 137, 138, 142, 149, 150, 162, 165, 167, 172
by God the Father, 139–40, 151–52
description of, 138
effective cause of, 151–52
and eternal life, 154
and faith, 6, 27, 68, 81, 100, 121, 138, 141, 145, 149–50, 163, 164–66, 176
as instrumental cause, 161–62, 164
logical aspects of, 163–64
final cause of, 152
Greek words for, 134
dikaioun (dikaioun), 134–36
dikaios (dikaios), 136
dikaiōsis (dikaiōsis), 136–37
Hebrew words for, 133–34
and inherent righteousness, 169–70
injustice of, 172
instrumental cause of, 161–62, 164
by imputation, 134, 135, 141, 148, 153, 158, 160, 164–65
of the just, 166–67
and second justification, 169
Latin words for, 137
as legal ground of sanctification, 193
life by, 27
in Old Testament times, 152–53
meritorious cause of, 152
and objective character of righteousness, 137
and the order of salvation, 141
and perseverance of the saints, 220–21
personal, 27
public, 171
as regeneration, 179
relationship to moral condition, 7, 9
relationship to regeneration, 6, 138, 179
relationship to sanctification, 138–44, 193–94
repeated justification, 157–59
and the resurrection, 148
Roman Catholic view of, 140–44, 146, 154, 157, 160, 169, 173
as sanctification, 135, 157, 221
Socinian view of, 176
and spiritual inheritance, 156
temporal aspects of, 139, 145, 146–50
and treatment of the sinner, 150
by tribunal of God, 144–45, 150, 162
and union with Christ, 21–22, 26, 179
and works, 143
K
knowledge
of faith, 83–85, 86–88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 96–100, 116–18, 224
active aspects of, 119
extent of, 117
overemphasis on, 101
passive aspects of, 119
versus assent, 102
historical knowledge and faith, 91, 116
versus comprehension, 98
L
law, 143, 154, 156, 169, 170, 173–74, 210
of Christ, 207
curse of, 154
of God, 53, 56, 69, 125, 159, 201, 206, 213, 214
and good works, 213
and sin, 213
of love, 80
and sanctification, 54
Leiden Synopsis, 3
libertinism, 210
Limborch, Philippus van, 177
Locke, John, 84
and faith, 130
for God, 130
of God for himself, 186
law of, 80
and law, 156
apostasy of saints in, 215–16
Lydia (character in Acts), 43
M
Major, John, 210
Manichaeanism, 46
Maresius, Samuel, 163
Mediator, see under Jesus Christ
merits, see under Jesus Christ
qualifications for, 214–15
Meyer, F. B., 30
miracle, 20
miracle faith, see under faith
missions, 17
moral condition
relationship to justification, 8–9, 137–38, 157
mystical union, see union with Christ
N
nature
as distinct from grace, 11–12
new creation:
as immediate act of God, 41
and sanctification, 199
by the Holy Spirit, 54
and sinlessness, 208
O
obedience, 143
of Christ, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154
to God’s law, 201
law of, 207
order of salvation, 1–10
different conceptualizations of, 2
importance of, 1–2
justification as central to, 141
temporal aspects of, 145
Osiander, Andreas, 174, 175, 178
P
and apostasy of the saints, 217
view of regeneration, 55–56
passion for God, 109
Paul (apostle), 8, 38, 73, 209
conversion of, 17
view of faith of, 79
shipwreck of, 222
Pelagianism, 10, 41–42, 132, 143, 197, 204, 208, 212, 215
penance, 62
perfectionism, 205–10; see also sanctification
perseverance of the saints, 211, 215–25; see also assurance
as gift of God, 218
and justification, 220–21
and loss of faith, 217
objections to, 221
promises of God, 126, 127, 128
R
view of faith of, 101
reconciliation, 4
regeneration, 2–3, 4, 5, 6, 23, 29–57
as act of God (Father), 40–41, 54
and calling, 34, 35–37, 38, 39, 68
order of, 39–40
and common grace, 13
as conversion, 2
as distinct from sanctification, 6
during Old Testament dispensation, 56
and election, 15
of the emotions, 48–49, 54, 205
and good works, 211
gennēthēnai (gennēthēnai), 30
anōthen (anōthen), 30
palingenesia (palinngenesia), 31
by the Holy Spirit, 2–3, 41, 53
immediate, 29
instrumentality of Scripture in, 16, 41–44
as primary, 49
as irresistible, 57
and Jesus Christ, 40–41
as justification, 179
and justification, 138
metaphors for, 60
pantheistic views of, 55
relationship to conversion, 7, 64, 70
as renewal of the heart, 33
as renewal of life, 47, 50–51, 53, 54–55, 64, 93
as renewal of the soul, 46
and repentance, 67
Roman Catholic view of, 44–45, 50, 207
and sanctification, 6, 51, 139, 140, 194, 195
and seed of faith, 132
as a supernatural act, 56–57
temporal aspects of, 194
trichotomist views of, 55
as unconsciously applied, 5, 29, 34, 57
of the will, 47–49, 50–51, 54, 205
relationship with God, 120, 127
as holiness, 188
Remonstrant(s), 70, 110, 130, 131, 143, 154, 160, 166, 177, 216
and conversion, 60, 66, 68, 70
daily, 64
as death to sin, 69
and faith, 61
order of, 68
and law, 69
metanoia (metanoia), 58–59, 60, 61–62
repeated, 225
revelation, 12
in Roman Catholicism, 111
righteousness, 138; see also justification, sanctification, and imputation
as distinct from holiness, 188
and God’s holiness, 187
inherent righteousness, 169–71, 174
state of, 193
apostasy of the saints in, 216
on faith, 94–96, 101, 116–17, 130
and miracles, 111
revelation in, 111
and salvation by works, 24, 122–23, 141–42, 160, 216
view of good works, 213–14
view of justification, 140–44, 146, 154, 157, 160, 169, 173
view of regeneration, 44–45, 50, 207
view of sanctification, 197, 205, 206–07
S
sacraments, 18–19
sacramentarianism, 25
salvation:
glorification of God by, 112–13
and good works, 80, 143, 154, 211
plan of, 112
objective, 1
subjective, 1
after death, 226
apostasy after, 219
aspects of, 198
as atonement, 190
of the body, 198
and Christ’s sacrifice, 190, 194
as cleansing, 200
completion of, 205–06
as death of sinful nature, 199, 205
definition of, 191
as distinct from justification, 9, 138–44, 202
effective cause of, 203
extent of, 197
false sanctification, 189
Greek words for, 182–83, 189–91
hagiasmos (hagiasmos), 191
hagiazō (hagiazō), 190
hagiotēs (hagiotēs), 189
and good works, 196, 197, 210–11, 212–14
by the Holy Spirit, 52, 54, 140, 191, 197
and holiness, 188–89
indispensability of, 210
as infusion of righteousness, 191
and justification, 68, 172, 193, 210, 221
knowledge of, 196
loss of, 220
of the mind, 197
and moral reform, 201
of passion, 198
perfectionism versus, 206–10
and regeneration, 6, 51, 139, 140, 194, 195
rejection of, 211
Roman Catholic view of, 197, 205, 206–07
legal ground of, 193
supernatural character of, 194–95
temporal aspects of, 139, 193, 194
as unconsciously received, 192
as union with Christ, 203
of the will, 197
as work of God, 192, 194–95, 212–13
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 101
and calling, 38
center of, 117
and conversion, 69
and experience, 17–18
faith in, 92
inherent power of, 18
Lutheran view of, 41–42
and operations of grace, 19–20, 35
partaking of, 224–25
and regeneration, 16–18, 19, 41, 42–44
Roman Catholic view of, 117
and special grace, 15–16
testimony of, 116–17
second probation, 226
Shedd, William G. T., 15
confession of, 157
and misery, 226
as power, 5–6
redefinition of, 206
trichotomist view of, 55
Socinianism, 24, 160, 205, 216
view of justification, 176
Socrates, 17
T
trichotomy (view of man), 55
trust, see under faith
and conversion, 66
disposition of man towards, 42
as highest reality, 59
immutability of, 42
theoretical interest in, 120
and trust/faith, 79, 86, 89, 95, 104, 119–20
universality of, 42
Turretin, Francis, 3
U
unconscious reception of grace, 7, 8, 10, 29, 34, 57, 63; see also conscious reception of grace
union with Christ, 3, 21, 23, 24–27, 56, 130, 175, 180
and assurance, 219
essence of, 25
and faith, 24
as legal basis for justification, 21–22, 26, 179
permanency of, 25
and salvation by works, 24
transformative, 28
as work of Christ, 27
V
Voetius, Gisbertus, 4–5, 114, 123, 144
W
Wesley, John, 207
the will, 47–48
conversion of, 59
and faith, 60, 80, 82, 85–86, 103, 106, 114–15
sanctification of, 198
Witsius, Herman, 95, 107, 108, 130, 167
Wollebius, Johannes, 3
Word of God, see Scripture
covenant of, 24, 142, 151, 171, 178, 193, 215, 218
and faith, 80
good works, 196, 210–11, 212–15
as conformity to God’s law, 213
merit of, 214
Roman Catholic view of, 213–14
salvation by, 24, 112, 113, 122–23, 128, 141–42, 160
wrath, 7
Z
Zwingli, Ulrich, 16