Hildegard to the Abbot Ludwig(?)
The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen Rejoice, however, because God loves you, and He cleanses your soul through that sickness of yours, and He will establish your soul in His inheritance. God is not unmindful of your community, but He will purge it of those unstable dispositions that displease Him. You never knowingly sought to do harm to your monastery, but all that you did you did for its good. Now, therefore, rejoice in the salvation of your soul, for you will be a living stone in the heavenly Jerusalem [cf. I Pet 2.4; Heb 12.22].
Note 1. There is a lacuna in the MS at this point. We translate following Peter Dronke's conjectural emendation. See endnote for Latin text and Dronke's suggestion.
Hildegard to the Abbot Ludwig(?) 1173–74(?) Although Schrader and Fuhrkotter (Echtheit, p. 146, n. 91) express some uncertainty about the recipient of this letter, whether Ludwig or some other abbot at a later date, Peter Dronke (Women Writers, pp. 312–13) argues that the letter is a follow-up to 215r in which Hildegard indicates that she will send her book (the Liber Divinorum Operum) to Ludwig for correction. Here, Dronke is convinced, is the cover letter for the manuscript that Hildegard is now sending. The similarity of language here to that of 215r, unquestionably addressed to Ludwig, as well as the echo of the language of the Liber Divinorum Operum, serves to support Dronke's contention.
The sun rises in the morning, and from its appointed place it suffuses all the clouds with its light like a mirror, and it rules and illumines all creatures with its warmth until evening. Just so, did God fashion all creation—which is mankind—and, afterward, vivified it with the breath of life and illumined it.
Just as morning first arises with damp cold and shifting clouds, so also man in his infancy is damp and cold, because his flesh is growing and his bones are not yet full of marrow, and his blood does not have its full vigor. As the third hour begins to grow warm with the course of the sun, so also man begins to chew his food, and learns to walk.
In his youth when infancy is over, man, becoming bold, happy, and carefree, begins to think of what he will do in life. If in the light of the sun he chooses the good by turning to the right, he will become fruitful in good works. But if he turns to the left to pursue evil, he will become black and corrupt in the evil of sin. When he reaches the ninth hour while doing his work, he becomes arid and weary in his flesh and marrow and the other powers through which he earlier
The Letters
grew and advanced. So also the great Artisan set in order the ages of the world from the first hour until the evening.
Therefore, O father, you who take your name from the Father, reflect on how you began and how the course of your life has proceeded, for in your infancy you lacked wisdom, and in your youth you were happy and carefree. In the meantime, however, you were seeking the affairs of the unicorn, all unbeknownst to yourself.1
This is the subject of my writing, which resonates of the fleshly garment of the Son of God, Who loved a virginal nature and rested in the lap of the Virgin like the unicorn, and with the sweetest sound of beautiful faith gathered all the Church unto Himself.
Be mindful, O faithful father, what you have often heard of that aforesaid garment of the Son of God from this poor weak form of a woman. Now, because the almighty Judge has taken my helper from me, I submit my writing to you, humbly asking you to preserve it carefully and correct it diligently. Then, your name will be inscribed in the book of life. In this you will imitate the blessed
Gregory, who, despite the burden he bore as bishop of Rome, never ceased from his writing, which was infused with the sound of the lyre of the Holy Spirit.
Now, put on the armor of heaven like a valiant knight, and wash away the deeds of your foolish youth. In the angelic vestment of the monk's habit, labor strenuously at noon, before the day ends, so that you will be received joyfully into the company of angels in the heavenly tabernacles.
Note 1. Schrader and Fuhrkotter (Echtbeit, p. 146, n. 91) believe that this sentence refers to a question asked by the person to whom Hildegard's letter is addressed, which, on the face of it, seems unlikely. There are, in fact, so many meticulous connections (interim, tamen, tune) to the preceding sentence that it seems, rather, that the reference is to the ignorance of foolish youth. The point being made seems to be that the person was seeking God even before he himself was aware of it.
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Endnotes Letter 91 a. presentia tangere, reuoluere preterita, futura preuidere. b. Visitauit enim nos oriens et i am ruenti seculo supposuit manum suam. c. cuius interuentu et ueniam peccatorum et remedium laborum et consolationem dolorum obtinere, atque diuine dispositionis secretum cofftoscere gaudemus.
Letter 91r a. Nunc enim suttt tempora in obliuione Dei et lassa in certamine Cbristi. Sed fama uolat in mendaciis per uicissitudinem uanitatum quasi Deum uideant, sed tamen nesciunt eum..
Letter 92 a. Mens etenim tua aliquando est uelut in tanta sanctitate quod eam sustinere non pates, aliquando etiam in lassitudine et in ceteris similibus. b. quamuis quocumque modo sacrificium eius constringas, quoniam constituit te quasi oculum suum.
Letter 94r a. O filia Dei, cum caritate Cbristi circumdata es, sed tamen cum amaritudine tut corporis constricta es bellis et rebellas contradicendo diabolum. Et constructionem populi, cum quo es, Deo placitam video et etiam in meliorem partem strenue ascendentem, et in bona conuersatione plus edificari quam institutus sit. b. Sed tamen nescis nee cogitare potes uincula ligatorum dirumpere, eorum scilicet qui in inuio irrisionis ambulant. Quomodo? Quidam bomo ad magnam turrim aspexit ne se moueret, sed tamen bocprobibere nonpotuit et in inquietis clamoribus clamauit: Ve, ue. Et sic in irrisionem populi ductus est dicentis: Quid proderit tibi semper contra eos bellare qui te nolunt?
The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen Letter 98 a. Nolumus etiam uos ignorare nomen uestrum, personam uestram simulque cum salute super omni diligentia uos amplecti atque honorari, Deumque pro uobis pro posse nostro die noctuque interpellari.
Letter 98r a. Illa scilicet que mibi molendinum carporis mei exhibuis.
Letter 100 a. Bruto ergo animali iure inferior babebitur qui bene dulcia minus bene amplectitur. b. societatem fraternitatis rue.
Letter 102 a. Et o mirandam indesinenter et predicandam circa genus bumanum benigni pietatem
Redemptoris, qui per cum quo mors intrauerat sexum in matre ipsius uita restituitur, et de qua manu pestifer potus perditionis illatus nobis fuerat, de bac eadem manu in le salutaribus doctrinis antidotus recuperationis nobis refunditur.
Letter 103r a. quoniam in speculatiua scientia bonorifica opinione caret. b. et quod propter liberationem banc qua Deus ipsum liberauit, omnem malam consuetudinem peccatorum suorunt conterit, omnemque miseriam et paupertatem quam in celestibus diuitiis babet, supra petram illam, que firmamentum beatitudinis est,proicit. c. quoniam nullam securitatem ullius possibilitatis in me scio. d. Spiritus uero meus,prout Deus uult, in bac uisione sursum in altitudinem ftrmamenti et in uicissitudinem diuersi aeris ascendit, atque inter diuersos populos se dilatat, quamu is in longinquis regionibus et locis a me remoti sint. Et quoniam bec tali modo uideo, idcirco etiam secundum uicissitudinem nubium et aliarum creaturarum ea conspicio. e. illudque umbra uiuentis luminis mihi nominatur. f. Quod autem non uideo, illud nescio, quia indocta sum. g. Dextera ala scientia bona est et sinistra mala scientia est, et mala bone ministrat bonaque per malam acuitur et regitur, atque in cunctis per illam sapiens efficitur.
Letter 104 a. qui in splendoribus sanctorum ex utero Patris ante Luciferum genitus est. b. Nec opinor, inquit, uim et altitudinem quorundam uerborum, in hoc epistola positorum, summos huius temporis Francie magistros, quantouis polleant acumine ingenii, ex integro posse consequi, nisi eo spiritu quo dicta sunt reuelante.
Letter 109 a. Presentes litteras et quascumque bactenus uelfratrum Villarensium diuersis et temporibus et cartis tibi sparsim transmisi, micbi nunc sedulo rogo retransmitti. Volo enim omnia, et tua ad me et mea ad te, sub uno scripta colligere et ad consolationem meam et ad eos, qui forte legere dignabuntur, diuine ammirationis pro muneribus eius excitandos micbi in posterum reseruare.
Endnotes
Letter 113r a. Sed et ipse sacerdos fuit, cum se ipsum in ara cruets pro bominibus immolauit.
Letter 114 a. uelutique humana fragilitas diuine ultionis est ceca, si ob benefactorum increscentiam in morbum seu temptationem inciderim non noui.
Letter 115r a. Lux uera in lumine dicitper of sapientie, Letter 121 a. Hauris enim, mea domina, et effundis et in format specificas et practicis in tbeoriam uis et motus exsistis.
Letter 122 a. Animam autem abbatis tui uideo aliquantulum dissolutam in cruribus eius, sed tamen in uentre et in pectore, ac in cerebro ipsius est adbuc in inquietudine.
Letter 144r a. Pessimus enim accusator retro deiectus est et abscisus ab omni beatitudine. Et quia retro proiectus est, ideo cogitauit in malignitate cordis sui ut bominem duceret retrorsum in contrarium peccatum. Sic relinquit homo formam coste, unde et formatio bominis ibi perit in buiusmodi effuso
Letter 146 a. in extrema ungula schedule rescribere.
Letter 148r a. et millenis artibus uentris sui circuit.
Letter 149 a. non solum operari bonum, uerum etiam propbetare uentura, contemplari celestia.
Letter 149r a. "Quarefremueruntgentes, etpopuli meditati sunt .inaniatAstiterunt reges terre, etprincipes conuenerunt in unum * [Ps 2.1–2]. Nam permissione Dei super uos in iudiciis suis fremere incipient plurime gentes, et multi populi de uobis meditabuntur inania, cum sacerdotale officium uestrum et consecrationem uestram pro nibilo computabunt. His assistent in euersione uestra reges terre, cum terrenis rebus inbiabunt, etprincipes qui uobis dominabuntur conuenient in hoc uno consilio quatenus uos de terminis suis expellant, quoniam innocentem Agnum a uobis perpessima opera fugastis.
The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen b. Cum enim Deus bominem creauit, omnem creaturam in ipso sigtauit, quemadmodum in paruo loco membrane tempus et numerus totius anni describitur. Et ideo Deus bominem nominauit omnem creaturam.
Letter 150 a. Adduco mecum nobile par, monialem scilicet laudabUem, perfectissimarum sororem acceptabilem, quam Spiritu mibi generavit celestis Pater, non minus illi quam mibi cupiens tut notitiam, veneranda et omni laude dignissima mater.
Letter 156 a. Mementote quod pergamenum ea de causa uobis nuper transmisi.
Letter 158r a. Deus opus suum fecit, sed illud uno modo non constituit. b. Spiritales quoque populos Spiritus Sanctus inflauit, qui seculum in semetipsis ftniunt et angelicum ordinem colunt.
Letter 170 a. quam non tetigit uiriditas terrenarum causarum, sed supernus calor in secreto suo. b. quia caro eius suauiter sudauit de Virgine et non defemore viri.
Letter I74r a. quia sepelutum luto abicitur, sicutetiam magister per discipulos et discipuli per magistrum abluuntur. b. Nam propter metum discipulorum se affliget et a tortoribus inquietorum discipulorum punitur, et summum magistrum qui eum precessit sic imitatur.
Letter 17 8r a. Quidam uero uentosi sunt et de uiriditate et bumiditate terre, ac de aere et aquis comprehensionem per sensualitatem babent.
Letter 185 a. Si modus et locus uobis seruiendi mibi adimitur, eo tandem remedio affectus meus utitur ut utriusque hominis uestri incolumitatem per transmissas quantocius litteras experiar.
Letter 185r a. Sed cum in tedio es, ita quod naturalis motio teconcutit, exsilium buius uiteattende, etquod etiam adaliam uitam exspectando anbelas.
Letter 186r a. O filia Ade, Deus rationalitas illa est que nec initium nec finem babet et per quam bomo rationalis est; et eadem rationalitas in ipso animata uita est que numquam deficiet.
Endnotes
b. Deus uero bominem ilium numquam perdet, qui maiorem partem peccatorum suorum ipsi offert, sed aliam partem minorem peccatorum itti remittit.
Letter 187r a. Respice quod in oculo Viuentis in magno studio preuisus es, sicut mitissimus pater ouem suam requirit.
Letter 188 a. Verum, quia meminisse te cupimus, Deo dilecta, quemadmodum ad uicissitudinem buius instrument in quo udut rudes ac delicati milites uersari cupimus, recta speproperamus, idcirco te, mater sancta, adiutorem "in opportunitatibus, in tribulatione " instanterpro nobis interpellate ut uias nostras in te post Deum confidentium dirigat, suppliciter exoramus.
Letter I91r a. De uita etiam ilia spiritus tuus redolebat, qui anima nominatus est quando anima de ipsa processit. Anima namque opera ponit etprobat, et siue bona siue mala sint, et eisdem operibus spiritus fortissima ui molendinum est.
Letter 192 a. 0 magna res, que in nullo constituto latuit, ita quod non estfacta nee creata ab utto, sed in seipsa permanet. O uita, que surrexisti in aurora in qua magnus Rex sapientiam que in antique apud uirum sapientem fuit, misericorditer manifestauit, quia mulier per foramen antiqui perditoris mortem intrauit. 0 luctus, acb merer, beplanctus, qui in muliere edificati sunt! b. O aurora, bec abluisti in forma prime coste. O feminea forma, soror sapientie, quam gloriosa es, quoniam fortissimo uita in te surrexit quam mars nunquam suffocabit. Tesapientia erexit, ita quod omnes creature per te ornate sunt in meliorem partem quam in prime acciperent.
Letter 193 a. Sed etadhuc in aliquo tempore Cbaldei infirmabuntur, Greet robustiorcs efficientur, Romani cum ceteris Romanis silebunt ut ardent ignis qui cadit; et Galli tirones fient. b. nisi millenarius armatus numerus ittorum quipreputium non babent.
Letter 194 a. Nam in altera parte mibi affertis quosdam seculares mores obseruationis legalis discipline, in altera parte disciplinam legis eorum qui sub coniugto iuncti sunt. b. secundum obseruationem iuuencularum illarum que mundo studiose et diligenter uelut disciplinate seruiunt, ut prefatum est. c. In altera autem parte conuertentes uos ad constrictionem et ad placitum uariorum studiorum ittorum qui carnalibus copulis frequenter insudant, quatenus amantes amantibus placeant—quod nee dicto, nee serif to, nee mandate a uobis postulo, quia spiritali copule adhesistis nee ad oculum famulantes—carnali amplexioni uos subiecistis, ubi non in uanam et max cadentem floriditatem putredinis mundi uos coaptaui, sed in uineam uere electionis et uere beatitudinis induxi uos, quatenus in summa electione mercedem laborum uestrorum reeipiatis.
2 06 The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen Letter 195 a. Spiritus prophetic et uisionis in organo masse fragilioris absque adminiculo instrumenti exterioris resuscitates.
Letter 197 a. Hortorum pigmentarii auctores et consiliatores boni consilii habere deberent qui diligentius precepta legis colligant, non aspicientes retro sui arietem, sed uictimam coram sepresentem et diurnam quam Ecclesia babet non facta significatione, sed Filii Dei, ita quod ipse in passione sua doluit et passionem docuit.
Letter 200 a. Tu uero, mater dulcissima, speciali a ceteris Cbristi membris dono Sancti Spiritus finem huius mundi uisitare missa es.
Letter 209r a. cum claue remunerations.
Letter 212 a. /Ifa electio Dei est ita: Deus noluit ut in perditionem et in periculosa peccata ires, sicutpropria uolutttas hominis frequenterpostulat. Et ista electio non est officii tut.
Letter 214 a. Sol quoque esto per doctrinam, luna per differentiam, uentus per strenuum magisterium, aerper mansuetudinem, ignis per pulebrum doctrine sermonem.
Letter 215 a. taate deuotionis affectionem quod, si quis prefer me sciret, uel nibil uel ea que non sunt scibilia sciret.
Letter 216 a. Secreta Dei mysteria ab bis comprebendi uel sciri non possunt que perprincipium exorta sunt. b. De omnibus uero istis qui tales mores habent, Deus ad se colligit, cum in scientia sua ilia que contra salutem anime eorum sunt ad Deum pertimescunt, ut in Saulo et aliis multisfactum est.
There is a lacuna in the MS after Deum. Peter Dronke (Women Writers, 261, 264) suggests adding the following words between Deum and pertimescunt: conuertunt—eos qui tandem eum.
Supplemental Bibliography Adriaen, Marcus, ed. Sancti Gregorii Magni Homiliat in Hiczechihelem Prophetam. In Corpus
Christianorum, vol. 142. Turnhouc, Belgium, 1972.
Blume, Clemens, ed. Analecta Hymnica medii aevi, vol. 53. New York: Johnson Reprint
Corporation, 1961.
Bruylants, P. La Oraisons du Missel Romaitt. Louvain: Centre de Documentation et d'Information Liturgiques, 1952.
Clark, Anne L. Elisabeth of Schonau: A Twelfth-Century Visionary. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
Constable, Giles, ed. Religious Life and Thought (11 th-12th Centuries). London: Variorum
Reprints, 1979.
Derolez, Albert, ed. Guiberti Gemblacensis Epistolae. In Corpus Cbristianorum: continuatio mediaevalis, vol. 66. Turnhout, Belgium: 1988.
Jones, Charles W. Saint Nicholas of Myra, Ban, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Junod, Eric, and Jean-Daniel Kaestli, eds. Acta lobannis. In Corpus Cbristianorum: Series
Apocryphorum. Turnhout, Belgium: 1983.
Lindeman, H. "S. Hildegard en hare Nederlandsche vrienden," Ons Geestelijk ErfL (1928),
128–60.
McDermott, William C., trans. Gregory of Tours: Selections from the Minor Works. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949.
Rissel, H. "Hildegard von Bingen an Elisabeth von St. Thomas an der Kyll." Citeaux4l
(1990), 5–44.
Roth, F. W. E., ed. Die Visionen der hi. Elisabeth und die Scbriften derAebte Ekbert und Emecbo von Schonau. Briinn: Verlag der Studien aus dem Benedictiner-und CistercienserOrden, 1884.
Schaller, Dieter, and Ewald Konsgen, eds. Initia carminum Latinorum saeculo undecimo antiquiorum. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1977.
Van Acker, Lieven. "Der Briefwechsel zwischen Elisabeth von Schonau und Hildegard von Bingen." Instrumenta Patristica 23 (1991), 409–17.
Van Acker, Lieven, ed. Hildegardis Bingensis: Epistolarium, Pars Secunda. In Corpus Cbristianorum: continuatio mediaevalis, vol. 91 A. Turnhout Belgium, 1993.
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Scripture Index Frequency of Scripture cited or alluded to is indicated in parentheses.
Acts 2.2; 2.3; 2.3–4; 2.11; 9.15 (3); 10.42; Ecclesiastes 1.2; 12.1
Ecclesiasticus 1.11; 1.26ff; 2.13; 16.11; 11.5 (2); 17.28; 22.1ff Amos 5.4–6 Apocalypse 1.1-2; 1.4(7); 1.11; 1.16; 2.16;
18.1; 18.5; 18.6; 18.20; 24.8; 24.12; 24.19; 39.8; 42.18; 44.16; 45.23; 47.16; 51.20
Ephesians 3.8; 3.18; 4.1; 4.7; 4.15; 5.2; 5.8; 3.15f; 3.15-16; 3.20; 4.4ff; 4.6; 6.5; 6.6;
6.9; 6.9f; 6.10; 7.10; 7.14; 8.3-5; 9.9; 9.13; 9.19; 12.4; 12.6; 12.9(2); 12.10; 12.14; 13.6; 14.14; 15.1ff; 19.15 (2); 19.16; 20.2; 20.12; 21.5; 21.l0f; 22.14
6.14;6.14ff;6.17
Exodus 3.2; 3.8; 3.14 (6); 13.21f; 14.13; 14.28; 15.4; 18.16; 19.18; 24; 29; 32.4ff Ezechiel 1.18; 3.1ff, 3.13; 7.26; 12.2; 18.23;
Baruch 4.6; 4.36; 5.5
33.11; 45.10
Canticles 1.1 (2); 1.2; 1.3 (2); 1.4 (2); 1.6; Galatians 1.4; 4.26
Genesis 1; l.lff; 1.3; 1.3ff(2); 1.7 (2); 1.14; 2.2; 2.3; 2.4; 2.4–5; 2.12; 2.14 (4);
3.6 (3); 3.7-8; 3.11 (2); 4.4 (3); 4.5; 4.6; 4.11; 4.13; 4.15 (2); 5.2 (2); 5.9;
5.14; 7.1; 8.5; 8.13
Colossians 1.12; 2.3
I Corinthians 1.27; 1.31; 3.8; 4.16; 5.3; 6.17; l.llff, 1.22; 1.26f (2); 1.26ff; 2.6; 2.7
(2); 2.15; 2.16–17; 2.17; 2.21; 2.22; 3.1ff(3); 3.1(5); 3.6 (2); 3.8; 3.15; 3.17;
3.22; 3.24; 4.2ff; 4.4 (2); 4.8; 4.8-16; 4.24; 5.24; 8.20; 9.5; 9.6; 9.11–17; 12.1ff(2); 17.23–24; IS.lff; 18.27; 22.9ff(2); 22.13 (2); 22.15ff(2); 23.89; 24.9; 25.9-10; 27.27; 27.36; 32.Iff; 32.26ff; 42.1; 47.29; 48.15ff; 49.29
6.18; 6.20; 7.7; 7.26; 9.24 (2); 10.13 (2); 11.5ff, 12.3; 12.4; 12.11; 13.1; 15.9(2);
15.10;15.44ff; 15.47–49 II Corinthians 1.8; 1.22; 2.14-15; 2.15 (2); 2.16 (2); 3.18 (2); 4.7 (3); 5.5; 10.18;
11.1; 11.14; 11.25; 12.2-3; 12.11
Hebrews 3.13; 4.13 (2); 6.4; 9.3–4; 9.4; 9.10; 9.15; 10.9; 11.1; 11.5; 12.22 (9);
13.5
Hosea 2.6; 6.3; 6.6 (3); 7..11; 14.2
Daniel 3.19ff, 3.55; 12.3
Deuteronomy 4.23; 5.32 (2); 6.16; 8.11; 31.6ff (2); 32.2; 32.33; 33.2
Scripture Index Isaiah 1.4; 3.16; 5.1f; 5.2 (2); 9.2; 10.27; 11.1
(2); 18.34; 19.26 (5); 20.1ff (2); 21.42
(2); 22.2ff; 22.13; 22.21; 23.5; 25.1ff (5); 25.14–23; 25.14ff(3); 25.21ff(4); 26.26ff; 26.33ff; 26.40; 26.40ff (2); 28.19-20 (2); 11.Iff, 13.9; 19.25; 25.8; 33.17; 40.12; 42.13; 47.6; 55.6; 58.11; 60.8; 63.3 (2); 66.2; 66.8; 66.10; 66.11 (3) James 1.17 (5); 3.2; 3.6; 5.16
Jeremiah 1.1 Iff; 2.13; 2.21; 14.19; 19.3; Numbers 17.2ff; 20.6
25.34; 31.12
Job 5.6; 10.1; 31.6; 33.4; 37.14; 38.37; 40.11
Joel 2.1; 2.28-29 John 1.9 (2); 1.14; 3.3; 3.8 (3); 3.19; 3.33; I Peter 2.4; 2.4–5 (2); 2.21; 4.5; 5.4; 5.8
Philemon 1.20
Philippians 1.6 (2); 2.13; 2.16; 3.1; 3.13 (2); 4.10ff; 4.13-14; 4.14 (2); 4.23 (2); 5.35; 6.31; 7.38; 8.42; 8.44; 9.4; 10.1;
10.1 Iff, 10.12; 11.39; 12.35; 13.37f, 14.2; 14.13; 14.17; 15.16 (2); 15.26
(3); 16.23; 16.24; 19.23; 21.17
I John 1.1; 3.17; 4.8 (3); 4.16 (2) Joshua 1.5; 23.6
Judges 3.1; 4.4–14; 4.4–5.32; 5. Iff Judith 13.17
3.17; 3.20; 4.4; 4.18
Proverbs 4.27; 6.3; 13.24; 14.2; 22.15; 29.27; 31.13; 31.22
Psalms 2.1-2; 2.8; 2.9 (2); 2.12 (3); 4.5 (2); 4.7 (2); 4.9; 6.10; 7.10; 7.13; 9.10; 15.11; 16.15; 17.29; 18.2; 18.3(2); 18.5; 18.6 (2); 18.15; 20.4; 21.7; 21.9;
21.27; 22.4; 22.5; 23.5; 24.1-2; 25.12; 26.7; 27.1; 29.4; 30.21; 32.1; 35.10; 36.13; 36.27 (2); 37.6; 39.4; 40.9; 41.2-3; 41.8; 44.3; 44.4; 44.8; 44.10; 44.11 (2); 47.9; 48.4; 49.14 (3); 49.23
(2); 50.8 (3); 50.19; 52.1; 54.9; 54.15; 54.23; 56.8; 61.12-13; 62.12; 65.5; 67.16; 67.20; 67.36; 68.3; 68.33; 69.6; 73.2; 77.3; 77.29–30; 83.7; 83.17; 84.12; 85.9; 86.3; 88.49; 93.12; 102.5; 103.3; 105.47; 106.14; 106.40; 107.2; 109.2; 109.3; 110.4–5; 113b.l; 115.16
(2); 117.22 (2); 118.72; 120.1; 128.7; I Kings 8.9; 19.9ff; 19.18
II Kings 2.11;4.7;4.16;4.27; 21.12;22.14–20 Lamentations 1.15; 3.27; 3.32
Leviticus 16.15; 19.36; 24.16
Luke 1.26ff; 1.28; 1.37; 1.38 (2); 1.41–44; 1.48f (2); 1.69; 1.77; 1.78 (2); 1.79; 3.8;
4.12 (2); 5.14; 5.30; 10.3; 10.30 (3); 10.33; 10.33-34 (2); 10.34 (2); 10.35; 10.37; 10.38ff(2); 10.42 (6); 11.8; 11.9; 11.17; 11.24; 11.26 (2); 11.33; 12.42; 13.6; 13.7 (2); 13.8 (2); 14.27; 15.11ff;l5.4ff(2);15.5;l5.8ff; 15.1 Iff; 16.1; 16.1 ff (3); 16.8(2); 16.9;
16.19ff; 18.13; 18.27 (4); 19.12ff; 19.12-26; 19.14; 19.17; 19.22; 20.25; 22.33ff;22.45f 128.8; 130.1; 134.8; 136.8; 137.6; 140.1; 140.5; 142.4; 144.19; 145.7
Romans 1.14; 2.29; 3.4; 7.24 (2); 8.5; 8.9; 8.9ff; 9.16; 9.21; 9.29; 11.20; 12.4–5 I Samuel 2.1-10; 2.12; 3.11; 10.27; 13.12;
14.27; 28.7ff; 30.If II Samuel 7.2ff; 12.13; 21.1; 22.29; 23.4
IMacchabees 1.23f;6.12
Malachi 4.2 (4) Mark 1.40–42; 1.44; 2.8; 2.15–16; 4.21; I Thessalonians 3.11; 5.8 (3); 5.14
I Timothy 1.5; 2.8; 2.12
II Timothy 1.5; 2.4; 2.20; 4.1; 4.7; 4.8
Tobias 14.17
10.14; 10.27 (4); 12.17; 12.30f; 14.29ff; 14.37ff(2); 16.15
Matthew 2.10; 3.2 (2); 3.8 (2); 3.17; 4.7 (2); 4.11; 4.17 (2); 5.6; 5.15; 5.16 (2); 5.22;
5.48; 6.8; 6.33; 7.6; 7.7 (2); 7.24ff; 8.4; 8.20; 9.10–11; 9.13 (2); 11.6; 11.15; 12.7; 12.33; 13.7; 13.46; 15.19; 15.27; 18.10; 18.12f; 18.12ff; 18.23ff; 18.32
Wisdom 4.1; 7.26; 11.21; 12.18; 19.17
Zachariah 51If
General Index Barbarossa. See Frederick I Belial, 171 Benedict,St., 10–11, 111, 166,170,195 n. 1
Benedictine, 61 Bernard of Clairvaux, 65 n. 1,176 Bertolf, Abbot, 190–92 Bertolf, Priest, 151–53 Bingen, 45 Bonn, 102 Bovo, 47 Bridegroom, 9, 15–17,19,45, 55,60, 78, Aaron, 17,37, 129,188 Abel, 57–58,116,127,180 Abelard, 39 n. 4
Abraham, 37, 39, 57, 110, 116, 128–29 Adalard, Abbot, 99–100 Adam, 36, 49, 57, 70, 80, 89-90, 92, 106,
116,133–35, 150, 163 Adelbert, Abbot, 5–7 Adelheid, Abbess, 14–15 Agatha, St., 102 Altmunster, 119 Anastasius, St., 155 83,90,92–93,99, 122, 128, 131, 184,
ancient enemy, 105 angel, 21, 24, 27, 37-38, 41, 43, 48–49, 53, 56–57, 101, 106, 109–10, 120, 123, 129, 139–40, 154, 165–66, 170, 176– 79, 185, 188, 199 Anseim, Monk, 35,42 Antiochus, 171 Apostle, the, 29, 31, 36–38, 50, 79,95, Caesarius, St., 117 n. 4
Cain, 36, 58,180 Cathars,4,122–23,125, 181–83 Chaldeans, 164 cherubim, 24, 167 Christ, 5–6, 8–9, 12, 15–16, 19–21, 29, 132, 190. See also Paul ark, 37, 57 Augustinian, 59 33-35,40–45,47–49, 51–52, 54, 55 n. 1, 58–63, 65, 67–68, 77–79, 85–88, 90–93, 97–100, 105, 107–08,110–11, 114,117,122,131,133,141,143, 145–46,149,151,155–56, 163 n. 3, 165, 169, 173–176,184–85, 190, 194 Clark, Anne, 179,185 n. 1
Baal, 70 n. 1,94, 124 Baldwin (of Villers), 40 Baldwin of Utrecht, 121 n. 1
General Index Cologne, 39,99, 102,104–05, 178,179 n. 8
Conrad, Abbot, 82-83, 85 Conrad, Priest, 152–54 Constable, Giles, 7 n. 1
Constantine, Emperor, 39 Cyriacus, Mount St., 8 Eugenius III, Pope, 156 n. 1, 190 Eustachius, Monk, 42 Eve, 160–61, 164 n. 9
Flonheim, 12 Franc, Recluse, 19 France, 26, 29 Frankfurt, 12 Frederick I, Barbarossa, 156 n. 1
Frederick, Monk, 11 Frederick, Provost, 52 French,29 Fuhrkotter, Adelgundis, 198, 199 n. 1
David, 16–17,30,70,90, 182 Deborah, 17, 91, 157 Derolez, Albert, 19 n. 1, 33 n. 5 devil, 9, 11, 39, 48, 56–57, 64, 84, 90, 95,
100-01, 105, 110–11, 120, 124–25, 132–33, 135, 146, 150, 161–64, 172– 73, 175, 180, 182, 184, 188, 195. See also ancient enemy, dragon, leviathan, Lucifer, Satan, serpent Dialogues, 33 Didenkirch, 102 Dieter, Abbot, 130 Dietmar, Abbot, 174 Dietzelinus, Monk, 186 Disibod, Mount St., 33 n. 11, 169–70 dragon, 18, 124 Gandersheim, 14—15 garden, 10, 15, 17, 36,40–41,44, 75, 8384, 100, 120–21, 164, 166, 172, 194 gardener, 10 n. 3, 182 Gauls, 164 Gembloux, 16, 18, 34, 36, 45, 47 Georgen, St., 171 Gerbstadt, 50 German, language, 4, 18 Germans, 67 Gero, Abbot, 174–75 Genvin, Monk and Abbot, 192-93 Giezi, 30 Glodesindis, St., 133 Godfrey of Mount St. Rupert, 194 Gottesthal, 52 Greeks, 164 Gregory of Tours, 39 Gregory, St., 30–31, 33, 35, 199 Guibertof Gembloux, 1–4, 16, 19, 21, 26,
Dronke, Peter, 198, 206 eagle, 13, 24, 30, 110, 115, 159, 194–95 Eberbach, 156 n. 1
Eberhard, Abbot, 155–56 Echternach, 194 Ecktbcit, 198, 199n. 1
Elijah, 36, 70, 94 Elisabeth of Schdnau, 4, 25 n. 3, 176, 179–81, 185 n.l Elisabeth, Abbess, 172 Elisha, 30 Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist, 33,34,39–40,42–44,46,48 Guibert, Monk, 18
Elizabeth, Nun, 11 Elizabeth, wife of Siger de Waura, 27 Ellwangen, 5 Emmeram, St., 145 Emmo, Priest, 19 Enoch, 36 Erfurt, 8 Erlesburen, 10 Esau, 129 Esrum, 11 Ethiopia, 95, 127 Eucharius, St., 4, 190, 194–95 Haina, 53, 55 Hannah, mother of Samuel, 157 Harrowing of Hell, 164 n. 13 hart, 51,173, 195 Hazzecha, 107–09, 111 Heilsbronn, 60 Heinrich, Monk, 131-32 hell, 38–39, 116, 130, 162–63, 183 Heloise, 39 n. 4
Herkenrode, 62 Heth, 37 Hildelin, Abbot, 179n. 3
General Index
Koblenz, 98 Krauftal, 107–08 Kuno, Abbot, 33 n. 11
Himmerod, 63 Hirsau, 64–65, 67–68 Holda, 157 Holy Apostles, church of, 105 Holy Roman Empire, 165 n. 1
Holy Spirit, 8, 11,16, 25, 27, 29, 31, 35, Lamb of God, 24,41, 57,91, 93,167,181 Lamech, 36 Latin, 4,18, 23 Lazarus, 39, 143 Lemphrid, Canon, 77 leviathan, 18,183 Libanus, 17,44 Liber Dhinorum Operum, 197 n. 2,198 lion, 51,123, 182, 195 Living Eye, 66, 81,153–54 Living Light, 23-24, 30, 32, 54, 64,67, 38,40–41,43,48,55,57,61,71, 77-78, 80, 88, 91, 94–95, 97-99, 101, 106, 111, 113-14, 116–20, 133,135,137, 139, 143,150,155, 158–59, 166, 168–70, 173–75, 177,181, 184,186,189,194,196,
homosexuality, 83 Hordt, 77–78 Hugo, brother of Hildegard, 4, 190 100, 107, 152–53,164, 174, 181. See also Living Eye, Secret Light, Serene Light, Shadow of the Living Light, True Light Louvain, 142 Lubolzberg, 114 Lucifer, 27,165–66 Ludwig, Abbot, 4, 194–98 Lutter, 115 Ida, Nun, 19–20 Ida, Penitent, 141–42 Ilbenstadt, 79 Indersdorf, 81 Israel, 24, 70, 94, 127, 151, 170,182 Jacob, 37, 71,104, 129, 170 Jericho, 116 Jerusalem, 7 n. 1, 11, 15, 32, 35,41–42,
Macedonia, 127 Magdalene, Mary, 58 Mainz, 4,118–19,121–22 Manegold, Monk and Abbot, 67–73, 75–77 manna, 37,100,166 Martha, 12,139 Martin, St., 31, 37, 39,46,126 Martin, St., church of (Cologne), 99 Martin, St., church of (Mainz), 119 Mary, the Holy Virgin, 35, 40,44,49, 78,90,94,104,111, 113,116,117 n. 1, 130, 137, 163, 165,173-74,198 Jesse, 40,112, 163 n. 3
Jesus, 21, 34,43,45, 69, 78–79, 90,98,122, 134, 173–74,184–86. See also Christ Jews, 69, 124–25, 163 n. 1
John the Baptist, 157 John the Evangelist, 23,47 John the Revelator, 57 John, Monk, 42 Jonathan, 37 Joseph,104 Judith, 17 Justusberg, 82 147,160–62. See also Virgin, Holy Mary, sister of Martha, 12,122,139 Mary, St., church of, 142 Mathilde, Nun, 46 Maulbronn, 130–31 Metz, 133,136 Michael, Archangel, 188 Michael, St., 3, 186–87 Miriam, 17 Moses, 17, 37, 57,116,128 Kaisheim, 82 Kappenberg, 85 Kaufungen, 87 Kempten, 88 Kerby-Fulton, Kathryn, 165 n. 1
Kirchheim (Kirchheim-Bolanden), 91 Kitzingen, 94 Knechsteden, 97 Nabor,St., 172 Nathan, 30 Neuenburg, 136
General Index Neuss, 138 Newman, Barbara, 33 n. 8, 163–65 Nicholas, Abbot, 60–61 Nicholas, Knight, 19 Nicholas, St., 39 Niedermiinster, 147 Noah, 3 7, 57, 116 Notker Balbulus, 33 n. 6
Rumunda, Lay Sister, 96 Rupert, St., monastery of, 4, 14 n. 1, 15, 33 n. 11,34,43-44,53,60, 81–82,102,105,114,122,126, 155, 157, 159, 168, 189, 194 Rupert, St., 168, 170 Salem, 174–75 Samaritan, 116–17 Samuel, 37, 157 Satan, 39,47, 179n.4 schism, 123,164,167, 172, 183 scholasticism, 33 n. 4 scholastics, 61, 168,169 n. 1
Schrader, Marianna, 198, 199 n. 1
Scivias. 20, 24, 25,141 n. 1, 190 Secret Light, 96 Selbod, 185 Serene Light, 14, 66, 170,180 serpent (=devil), 18, 22, 51, 57, 84, 90,
Obermiinster, 149 Ordo Virtutum, 33 n. 8
Origen, 117n. 4
Otterberg, 139 papacy, 165 n. 1 paradise, 24, 36–37,48, 57, 70, 99, 116, 142,162, 183 Park, 141–42 Passion, 41, 58,94, 117, 129, 165, 172 Patrologia, 13 n. 1, 135 n. 2
Paul, 22, 33 n. 12, 39. See also Apostle, the Pentecost, 37 Peter, Apostle, 17,22,39,87 Peter, Cleric, 35 Pfalzel, 144 Pharaoh, 167 Philip, Abbot, 141–44 pilgrim, 152–53, 166 pilgrimage, 7,43–44,112 n. 1,134,153–54 prodigal son, 120–21 92, 109, 116, 123-25, 161–62, 180,
Shadow of the Living Light, 23-24, 30,
Siegburg, 3, 186–87 Siger de Waura, 19–20, 25, 27, 29, 34,43,
Siger, Monk, 35,42,44 Sigewize, 105–06 simony, 94 n. 2,168 Sion, 71,134, 188 Solomon, 40–41,80 Sophia, Abbess, 94–96 Springiersbach, 189 Sympbonia, 33 n. 8, 163–64 symphony, 80,94, 165 synagogue, 57 Quirin, St., 36,138 Red Sea, 167 Regensburg, 145, 147, 149 Reitinhasil, 175 Reutlingen, 151–-52, 154 Richard, Abbot, 189 Richard, Provost, 81 Richardis von Stade, 14 n. 1
Robert, Abbot, 29 Robert, Monk, 19,47 Romans, 164 Rome, 155,199 Roricus, brother of Hildegard, 190 Roth, F.W.E., 179 n. 1
Rothenkirchen, 157 Rudolph, Monk, 11–12 Rule, Benedictine, 10–11, 59, 103, 110– Tarsus, 127 Tengswich, 21 n. 2, 25 n. 10
Tholey, 190 Thomas, St., an der Kyll, 172 Trier, 190 True Light, 10, 41,49, 61, 69, 94, 96, 107,
Tyre, 127 unicorn, 199 Ursula, St., 104 11, 113,133, 170, 173, 194
General Index
Vita Hildegardis, 25 n. 4, 33 n. 11,194 Volmar,4, 35, 153 n. 1,168,171 n. 2, Van Acker, Lieven, 4,13 n. 1,15,19 n. 1,
46 n. 1, 67 n. 1,121 n. 1, 135n. 2, 146 n. 1, 163 n. 2, 179 n. 1, 185 n. 1
Victor, St., 118 Villa Monasterias, 35 Villers, 34–35, 39–40,42–43,45–46, 48 Virgin, Holy, 16, 20,43,49, 51, 57,64, 196,197 n. 2
Walburga, St., 174 Werner, Priest, 91–92 Wezelinus, nephew of Hildegard, 197 n. 2
William of Namur, 47 winepress, 14, 58, 74 Wisdom, 11, 29, 56, 58–59,61, 66, 116, 128, 143, 159–60,162, 199 virgin, 16, 19-20, 24, 25 n. 10, 34, 41,43–
44, 57, 79, 85, 90, 104, 119, 122, 139, 151-52, 190, 195 virginity, 24, 25 n. 10, 32, 40, 57–58, 8472–74,106,159 Withelo, Abbot, 171 85, 100,162, 188-90