1559. The Reformation In Scotland. 5)

1559. The Reformation In Scotland. 5)

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

5) messe,° and brought unto us certane Articles to be ansuered, as by the contract that after was made, more planely shall appeir.

Whairupon the Nobilitie convened at Striveling, and returned ansuer with diligence.

Whairof the Frenche advertisshed, thei marched to Lynlythqw, spoiled the Duckis house, and waisted his landis of Kynneill;' and thairefter came to Striveling,' whair thei remaned certane dayis: (the Duck, the Erles of Ergyle and Glencarne, with thair freindis, passed to Glaskow; the Erle of Arrane, and Lord James, past to Sanctandrois; for charge was gevin to the haill Nobilitie,

Protestantis, to keap thair awin bodyis, till that God should send thame. farther supporte.) The Frenche took purpose first to assault Fyffe; for at it was thair great indignatioun.

Thair purpose was, to have tacken and fortifyed | the Toune and Abbay, with the Castell of Sanctandrois ; and so thei cam to Culross, after to Dumfermeling, and then to Bruntyland, whair thei began to forte; but desisted stounness, is the property, and was occasionally used as the family residence of the Dukes of Hamilton.—The Treasurer, in October 1558, paid, " Be my Lord Gouernouris commande, to the masonis in Kynnele, in drinksyluer, at the laying of the ground-stane of the Palice of Kynnele."

The house has a beautiful exposure on the south side of the Frith of Forth, near where the old Roman Wall terminated.

600 crowns of the Sun, extending to £765; and on the 30th March 1558-9, he received a similar sum, when " passand of Edinburgh to London and France, on the Quenis grace affairis." aie joined the Protestants in October 1559.

6 Maitland was accompanied by Thomas Randall, under the assumed name of Barnabie, and they were expected at Newcastle on the 21st November. (Sadler's State Papers, vol. 1. p. 592.) Some of Maitland's letters at this time, also the " Instructions for the Lorde of Lidington, how to conceyve and directe the sute and complaynte of us the Nobles, Gentlemen, and Burgesses of Scotland, in this our distresse, to the Quenis Majestie of England," dated 24th November, are preserved by Sad8 In the MS. of 1566, and Vautr. edit., " Stirveling."—It may be remarked that several leaves of the MS. in this place form one of those quires or sets which appear to have been rewritten, about 1570, with very little attention to minute accuracy.

Occasional corrections, chiefly in orthography, have therefore been made on the authority of the Glasgow MS., but few of such importance as to require special notice. ler.

(Ib. pp. 604, 628, 686, 716.) 7 Kinneill House, in the parish of that name, now conjoined with Borrow-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. thairfra, and marched to Kynghorne, upoun the occasioun as followeth.

When certane knowledge came to the Erle of Arrane, and to Lord James, that the Frenche war departed from Striveling, thei departed also from Sanctandrois, and begane to assemble thair forces at Cowper, and send thair men of warr to Kinghorne;! unto whome thair resorted diverse of the coast syd, of mynd to resist rather at the begynnyng, than when thei had destroyed a parte of thair townes.

But the Lordis had gevin ane expresse commandiment, that thei should hasard nothing whill that thei thameselfis war present.

And for that purpose was send unto thame the Lord Ruthven, a man of great experience, and inferiour to few in stowtnes.

In his cumpany was the Erle of Sudderland,? send from the Erle of Huntley, as he alledged, to conforte the Lordis in thair afflictioun; butt otheris whispered, that his principall commissioun was unto the Quene Regent.

Howsoever it was, he was hurte in the arme by the schote of ane haquebute; for the men of warr, and the rascall multitude, perceaving certane boatis of Frenchemen landing, whiche cam from Leyth, purposed to stoppe thair landing; and so, nott considering the ennemeis

THE ERLE

OF SUDDER-

LANDE SCHOTE. that approched from Bruntyland, unadvisedlie thei russhed doune to the Petticurr, (so is that bray be-west Kynghorne?

1 On the 8th of January 1559-60.

(Sadler's State Papers, vol. i. p. 684.) parted home, and shall cause the Erle Huntley performe his promesse." (Vol. i. p.691.) "The Lorde of Southerland, sithens he was hurte, is becom a greate enemye of the Franches." (Letter to Sadler, 4th February 1559-60.

Ib. p. 702.) His wound did not prove fatal, but he died from the effects of poison, in 1567, in the forty-second year of his age.

2 John, tenth Earl of Sutherland.

The Earl of Arran, and Lord James Stewart, in a letter to Sadler, dated Dysart, 19th January, make mention of the Earl of Huntly having sent "in commission to us, his cousen the Erle of Sutherland, to offer unto us adjunction in our common actioun in his name, and all his assistance; and, at the first skirmishe, hazarding himself too farre, was shott in the left arme, and hurt very cyill; for which cause he is de5 In MS. G, "that Bey betuix Kinghorne."—The places here mentioned are all well known, stretching along the coast of Fife, on the north side of the Frith of Forth, to the west of Kirkaldy.

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

called,) and at the sea-coast began the skarmissing, butt never took head to the ennemye that approached by land, till that the horsemen charged thame upon thair backis, and the hole bandis cam directlie in thare faces ; and so war thei compelled to geve backis, with the loss of sex or sevin of thair men, and with the takein of some, amangis whome war twa that professed Christ Jesus, one named Paule Lambert,! a Ducheman, and a Frenche boy, fervent in religioun, and cleane of lyef, whome, in despyte, thei hanged ower the steaple.2

Thou shall revenge, O Lord, in thy appointed tyme! The caus that in so great a danger thair was so small a losse, nixt unto the mercyfull providence of God, was the suddane cuming of the Lord

Ruthven ; for evin as our men had gevin backis, he and his cumpany came to the head of the bray, and did not onlie stay the Frenche footemen, but also some of ours brack upoun thair horsemen, and so repulsed thame that thei did no farther hurte to oure footemen.

In that rencontare was the Erle of Sudderland foirsaid schote in the arme, and was caryed back to Cowper.

The Frenche took Kinghorne, whair they lay, and wasted the countrey about, alsweall Papistis as Protestantis ; yea, even those that war confidderat with thame, suche as Seafield, Weames, Balmowto, Balwearry, and otheris,? ennemyes to God and traytouris to thair countrey.

Of those (we say) thei spaired not the scheipe, the oxen, the kyne, and horse; and some say that thair wyffis'and doughtaris gatt favouris of the Frenche soldiouris.

And so did God recompense the Papistis in thair awin bosomes, for, besydis the defoulling of thair housses, as said is, tuo of thame resavit more damage then did all the gentilmen that professed the Evangell within 1 In MS. 1566, " Paule Lambett." hended by the Earl of Arran and Lord 2 In MS. G, "over the stipell of James Stewart for the assistance they Kinghorne." had rendered to the French. Seafield and 3 The persons here referred to, with . Balmuto are in the parish of Kinghorn ; other gentlemen of Fife, are afterwards Wemyss in the parish of that name; noticed by Knox, as having been appreand Balweary in that of Abbotshall.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Fyff, the Laird of Grange onlye excepted, whose [house!] of THE CASTEIN DOUN OF

THE HOUSE

OF THE GRANGE. the Grange the Frenche owerthrew by gun pouder.

The Quene Regent, proude of this victorie, burst furth in hir blasphemous rayling, and said, " Whair is now Johne Knox his God?

My God is now stronger than his, yea even in Fyff"

Sche posted to hir freindis in France news? that thousandis of the heretickis war slaine, and the rest war fled; and thairfoir requyred, that some Nobleman of hir freindis wald cum and tak the glorie of that victorye.

Upon that informatioun was the Martikkis, with tuo schippis, and sum Captanis and horse, directed to cum to Scotlande; but litill to thair awin advantage, as we sall after heare.

The Lordis of the Congregatioun, offended at the folisheness of the rascall multitude, called to thameselfis the men of warr, and remaned certane dayes at Cowper ; unto whome repaired

Johne Knox, and, in our greatest disperatioun, preached unto us a most comfortable sermon.

His text was, "The danger in whiche the disciplis of Christ Jesus stude quhen thei wer in JOAN, 6. the mydest of the sea, and Jesus was upon the mountaine."

His exhortatioun was, '' That we sould not faint, but that we sould still row aganis these contrarius blastis, till that Jesus

Christ sould come ; for (said he,) I am as assuredlie persuaded that God sall delyver us frome the extreme trowbill, as that I am assured that this is the Evangell of Jesus Christ whiche I preche unto [you] this day.

'The fourth watche is nocht yet come ;' abyde a lytill: the boit salbe saved, and Peter, whiche hes left the boit, sall not droune.

I am assured, albeit I cannot assure® you, be reason of this present rage; God grant that ye may acknawlege his hand, after that your eyes hes seine his delyverance."

In that sermon he comforted manye.

And yit he offended 1 Omitted in the MS.—The House of 2Tn MS. 1566, " of new."

Grange is about a mile to the north-east ® In MS. G, " affirme." of Kinghorn, and in that parish.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

the Erle of Arrane ; for, in his discourse upoun the manifald assaultis that the Churche of God had sustained, he brocht for exampille the multitude of strangeris that persewed Jehosaphat after that he had reformed religioun.

He entreted the fear of the pepill, yea, and of the King himself att the first; but after, he affirmed, that Jehosaphat was stout, and to declair his courage in his God, he conforted his pepile and his souldiouris ; he come fourth in the mydest of thame ; he spak lovinglie unto thame.

He keipit not himself (said he) inclosed in his chalmer, but frequented the multitude, and rejoised thame with his presence and godlie comforte.

These, and the lyik sentences, took the said Erle to be spoken in reproache of him, because he keipit himself more close and solitary then many men wald half wisshed.

After these thingis, determinatioun was tacken that the Erle of Arrane, and Lord James, with the men of warr, and sum company of horsemen, sould goe to Dyserte, and thair lye to wait upoun the Frenche, that they distroyed not the seacost, as thei intendit utterlie to have doun.

The said Erle, and Lord James, did as thei war appointed, albeit thair company was very small; and yet thei did so valiantlie, that it passed all credabilitie:1 for twentie and ane dayis thei lay in thair clothes; thair buttis never come of: thei had skarmissing almost everie day ; yea, some dayis, from morne to evin.2

The Frenche war foure thousand souldiouris,? besyde thair favoreris and factioun of the countrey.

The Lordis war never togidder fyve hundreth horsmen, with a hundreth souldiouris ; and yitt thai held the Frenche so busye, that for everie horse thai slew to the Congregatioun, thai lost foure Frenche souldiouris.

1 Several joint letters written by the are preserved among Sir Ralph Sadler's Earl of Arran and Lord James Stewart, State Papers, (vol. i. pp. 620, et seqq.) between the end of November 1559, and 2 In MS. 1566, " inevin."

February following, communicating in- ' Bishop Lesley estimates their numtelligence of their proceedings in Fife, ber at about 2000.—(Hist. p. 281.)

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Willyeaume Kirkaldie of Grange, the day efter that his housse was cassein doun, send in his defiance to Monsieur

D'Osell, and unto the rest, declaring, that to that hour had he used the Frenche favourablie: He had saved thair lyves, when that he mycht have suffered thair throttis to have been cuttit ; bot seing thai haid usit him with that rigor, let thame not luik for that favour in tymes to cum.

And unto Monsieur D'Osell he said, " He knew that he wald not gett him in the skirmissing, becauis he knew he was bot a cowart; bot it mycht be that he sould quyte him a commoun ather in Scotland, or ellis in France"'

The said Willyeaume Kirkaldie, and the Maister off Lyndsay, eschaped mony dangeris.

The Maister had his hors slaine under him: the said Willyeaume was almost betrayed in his hous at Hawyairdis.!

But yet thei never seased, bot nycht and day thai waitted upon the Frenche.

Thai laid thameselves in a secreit place, with sum gentilmen befoir the day, to await upoun the Frenche, quho usit commonlie to isch in companyis, to seik thair pray; and so cam fourth ane Capitane Battu,? with his hundreth, and begane to spoilzie; quhom the said Maister, now Lord of Lyndsay,' and the said Wilyeaume, suffered, without declaratioun of thameselfis, or of thair cumpany, till that thai had thame more than a myle fra Kinghorne, and then begane the horsmen to brek; whiche perceved, the Frenche altogither drew to a place callit Glenniss* House, and maid for debait :

1 Or, Hallyards, in the parish of Auchtertool.

It afterwards came into the possession of the Family of Skene.

There is a place still named Gleniston, near Loch Gelly, a few miles from Kinghorn, which belonged in the 14th and 15th century, to Glen of Balmuto ; the property, by marriage, afterwards came into the family of Boswell. There was also Glammis Tower, or Castle, an old stronghold which stood upon the rising ground that overlooks the town of Kinghorn. (New Stat. Account, Fife, p. 804.) 2 In Vautr. edit., &c., " Battu," and "Le Battu." Elsewhere he is called Labast, Labatt; by Pitscottie " Labattie."

3 Patrick, Master of Lyndesay, succeeded to the title as sixth Lord Lyndesay of Byris, on the death of his father, in 1563.

4 In Vautr. edit. " Glennish House."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

sum tuik the housse, and utheris deffended the close and yaird.

The hasard appereth verry unliklie, for oure men had na thing bot speris, and war compellit to lycht upoun thair feit.

The other war within dykis; and everie man had culverinis: the schote was feirfull to mony, and dyverse war hourt, amongis quhome war Robert Hamiltoun,! and David

Kirkaldie, brother to the said Laird, quho both war supposed to have bein slaine.

The said Laird perceving men to faynt, and begyne to recule, said, "Fy, lett us never leive efter this day, that we sall recule for Frenche schybaldis ;" and so the Maister of Lyndsay and he burst in at the yett, and so utheris followed.

The Maister struik with his speir at La Battu, ruzs:aven- : z F TER OF A and glansing upoun his harness, for feirceness stamered almost, rrxvcuz

CAPITAN, upoun his kneis.

But recovering suddendlie, he fessned WI HIe BAND, his speir, and bare the Capitaine bakward, who, becauis he wald not be takein, was slaine, and fyftie of his cumpanie with hym. war saved, and [sent] to Dundye to be kept.

Those that war into the house, with sum utheris, This mischance to the Frenche men maid thame to be more circumspect in scatring abrod into the countrie; and so the poore creaturis gat sum releive.

To fourness thame? of victuelis, was appointed Capitane Cullen,® with tuo schippis, quho traveled betuix the 1 This was probably Robert Hamilton whose name occurs in the Treasurer's Accounts in the years 1561 and 1562, In January 1559-60, letters had been sent "to caus all maner of provision, sic as breid, drink, flesche, fische, and utheris necessaris, to follow the Frenche army in Fyffe." (Treasurer's Accounts.) Payments to Captain James Cullen, then as Master of the Artillery.

2In MS. G, "to furneis the Frenche;"

Vautr. edit. has, "to furnish them."

3 The Queen Regent, in 1558, had made Captain James Cullen one of the keepers of the town of Perth.

As noticed, in the following page, on the 24th January 1559-60, he and Captain Farny, " being in ane pink, were taken; and also ane uther schip callit the Hoy, quhilkis were to pas in Fyff, with munitioun to furneis the Frenche Campe."

(Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. 55, 272.) in the Queen's service, occur in the Treasurer's Accounts, June and September

1566.

His ultimate fate is recorded in the Diurnal of Occurrents, and in Richard Bannatyne's Memorials: haying been taken prisoner in the Canongate on the 14th June 1571, he was tried at Leith, and beheaded on the 17th July, at the instigation, it is said, of the Earl of Morton.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. south schoire and Kinghorne, for that purpois.

For his waiges he spoilzied Kinghorne, Kirkaldie, and so muche of Dyserte as he mycht.

For remedy quhairof war appointit tuo schippis from Dundye: Andro Sandis, a stout and fervent man in the cause of religioun, was the principall.

This same tyme arrived the Martekis,! quho, without delay, landit himself, his cofferis, and the principall gentilmen that were with him at Leith,? leiving the rest in the schippis till better oportunitie.

But the said Andro, and his companioun, streicking saill and making as thai wald cast anker hard besyde thame, burded thame both, and carried thame to Dundye. In thame war gotten sum horse, and muche harness, with sum uther triffilis; but of money we hard nocht.

Heareat the Frenche offended, avowed the distructioun of Sanctandrois and Dundye; and so, upoun

1 Count Stephen de Martigues.

In a letter from Sir N. Throkmorton to Queen Elizabeth, 7th October 1559, in reference to the levying of troops to be sent from France to Scotland, he says, "for the transporting whereof, it is said, one Monsieur Martigues is appointed chief conducteur; who is a Gentleman of the Kingis chamber, of the state of a Conte, in good estimacioun, and heretier to the Duke de Temps: and there be ships already in order at enseignes of footemen, and well landed them all," with the exception of one of the ships which was driven away by the violence of the weather, before the men were put ashore, and was supposed to be lost.

(Ib. p. 807.) He also mentions the capture, at night, of one of the ships, after all the stuff had been taken out of it.

On the 22d February he informs the High Admiral of England, that the Marquis D'Elbeuf, " now soddenly, upon the newes of the late overthrow of fyve ensigns of their foote in Scotland, not far from Inskieth, and a good personage lost, (referring to La Battu,) which are lately brought hither, as I wrote to you before, he is now hastened away."

Calais, and other parts upon this side."

(Forbes's State Papers, vol. i. p. 248.) In another letter, it is said, "The Marques

D'Albeuf and Martigues are appointed to take shipping at Calice, the last of this monethe, November," (Ib. p. 257 ;) and letters of a subsequent date contain other allusions to their progress.

See supra, page 4, note 3.

In a let- (Ib. p. 833.) Bishop Lesley calls him "Monsieur Martigo, ane valyant and curageous Capitane," and says, that upon his arrival at Leith, in the month of November, "with ane thousand guid souldiouris, he was appointed crownell of the hoill Frenche army."

(Hist. p.

280.) ter to Cecil, written from Dover, 24th January 1559-60, Throkmorton, reports the information he had then received, "That Martigues hath been all this his missinge tyme in the North Isles of Orkeney; and that he is now salfflie arryved in Scotlande, with his viii 2 Martigues landed at Leith on the 11th January 1559-60, (Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. 55, 272.)

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

a Mononday in the morning, the xxiij. day of Januare,! thai marchit frome Dyserte, and passed the water of Levein;2 ever keaping the sea-cost, be reassoun of thaire schippis and victuallis, as said is.

About tuelf houris thai espyed schippis, (quhiche war seine that morning by us that war upoun the land, but war not knawin.) Monsieur D'Osell affirmed thame to be Frenche schippis, and so the souldiouris triumphit, schot thair volie for salutatioun, and marchit fordward till Kincraige,® fearing no resistance.

But schorte efter, the Ingliche schippis mett with Capitain Culein, and seased him and his schippis,* quhiche maid thame a litill to muse.

But suddentlie come Maister Alexander Wood, who had bein upoun the Admirall,® and assured Monsicur D'Osell, that thai wer Inglissmen, and that thai war the foir-ryderis of a gretter number that followed, who war send for the supporte of the Congregatioun.

Thair mycht have bein seine the ryveing of a baird, and mycht have bein hard suche dispyte, as cruell men use to spew furth quhile as Godé brydellis thair furie.

Weariness and the nycht constrained thame to luge thair.

Thai.sowped skarslie,7 becaus thair schippis war takein, in the quhilk was thair victuellis and ordinance, quhiche thai intendit to have placed in Sanctof aiding the Protestants against the French auxiliaries.

In the Appendix to Keith's History, (vol. i. p. 408,) are inserted the "Instructions given by the Queen's Majesty, to William Winter, Esq., Master of the Ordnance of her Majesty's Admiralty, sent at this present to the seas with fourteen armed ships to sail to Scotland," from a MS.

1 Monday was the 22d of January.

2 The Water of Leven is a small river which comes from the celebrated Loch of that name, in Kinross-shire, and flows into the sea at the town of Leven on the Frith of Forth.

8 Kincraig is in the parish of Kilconquhar, and the headland under the name of Kincraig Hill, rises to the height of about 200 feet above the level of the sea, with a small bay between Earlsferry point. in the Cottonian Library, written in the hand of Secretary Cecil, and dated 16th December 1559.

6 In Vautr. edit. "when God"

4 Sce note 8, page 11.

5 Mr. Winter, Vice-Admiral of the English fleet, which arrived at this time in the Frith of Forth, in the view 7 In Vautr. edit. " they supped scarsly."

MS.

GQ. reads, " they sleiped scarsly."

THE HISTORY OF

Book III. androis.

Thai thameselvis durst nocht stray abrod to seake; and the Laird of Weymmes cariage, whiche lykwyis was cumming with fournissing unto thame, was stayit.

And thairfoir, bytymes in the mornyng, thai retired towardis Kinghorne, and maid more expeditioun in one day in returning, then thai did in two in marching fordward.

The storme, whiche had continuit neire the space of a moneth, brak in the verry tyme of thair reteiring, quhairby mony thocht thei sould have bein stayit, till that reasonabill cumpanie mycht have bein assemblit to have fouchtein thame; and for that purpois did Wilyeaume Kirkcaldy cut the Brig of Toullibody.!

But the Frenche, expert aneuch in suche factis, tuik doun the roofe of a parish kirk, and maid a brig over the same watter,? called Dovane ; and so thai eschapit, and come to Striveling, and syne to Leith.

Yit in thair retourning thai lost dyverse ; amongis quhome thair was one quhois miserable end we man rehers.

As the Frenche spoilyied the countrye in thair retourning, one capitaine or soldiour, we cannot tell, bot he had a reid cloik and a gilt morrion,? entered upoun a poore woman, that dwelt in the Whytsyd, and began to relates, that they had to remain " all that night in Fotherik Muire, without either meat or drink, and many

Lord Abercromby, is situated near the banks of the Forth.

The Church, which was partially demolished by the French in January 1559-60, is a building of great antiquity.

In the course of the last century, it was new roofed and repaired, to serve as the burial-place of the family, and has occasionally been used as a preaching station.

The destruction of the Church of Tullibody is mentioned in the several histories of the time. Although the French were enabled to "make ane sure passage, baith for horsemen and footemen," to 1 The village of Tullibody, in the parish of Alloa, and county of Clackmannan.

Tullibody House, the seat of of them were slaine or they could get the bridge prepaired."

2 In MS. G, "the said water ;" in Vautr. edit. "the same water."

Evidently the Black Devon, a small river which rises in the western part of Fife, and falls into the Forth below the town of Clackmannan; and, therefore, to be distinguished from the Devon itself, which has its source on the northern declivity of the Ochil Hills, and after passing through Glen Devon, celebrated for its romantic scenery, falls into the Frith of Forth about two miles above Alloa. cross the water, and came to Stirling on the 28th of that month, Pitscottie 3 In MS. 1566, " morrow."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

spoyle.

The poore woman offered unto him suche breid as sche had reddy prepared.

But he, in no wayis thairwith content, wald have the meill and a lytill salt beiff whiche the poore woman had to susteine hir awin lyfe, and the lyves of hir poore chylderein; neather could tearis, nor [pitifull] wourdis,! mittigat the merciles man, but he wald have quhatsoever he mycht carie.

The poore woman perceving him so bent, and that he stoupped doun in hir tub, for the taking foorth of suche stufe as was within it, first cowped up his heillis, so that his heid went doun; and thairefter, outher? by hirself, or if ony uther cumpanie come to help hir, but thair he endit his unhappie lyfe; God so punissing his crewell hairt, quho could nocht spair a misserable woman in that extremetie.

" Let all suche soldiouris receve suche rewaird, O Lord, seing that thou art the revenger of the oppressed."

And now, because that frome this tyme forward, frequent mentioun will be maid of the comfortable support that we, in oure greattest extremetie receved, by Goddis providence, frome oure nychtbouris of Ingland, we think it expedient simply to declair by quhat instrumentis that mater. was first moved, and by quhat meanis it come to passe, that the Quene and Counsell of Ingland schew thameselves sa favorable unto us.

As Jhonne Knox had foirwairned us, by his letteris frome Geneva, of all dangeris that he foirsaw [to] ensew on our enterpryse ; so quhen he come to Deip, myndfull of the same, and revolveing with himself quhat remedy God wald pleis to offere, he tuike the boldnes to wreit to Sir Williame Cycill,

© Secretarie of Ingland, with quhome the said Jhonne had bein 1 Both MS. G, and Vautr. edit. have, 2 Tn MS. 1566, " houyer :" MS. G has "nor pitifull words."

" quhidder ;" and Vautr. " whither."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ITI. befoire familiarlie acquented, intending thairby! to renew acquentence, and so to oppen farther of his mynd?

The tennour of his first Letter followis :— " The Spreit of Jugement, Wisdome, and Sanctificatioun,

I wishe unto you, by Jesus Chryst.

JHONE

KNOX FIRST

LETTER TO

SIR WILLIAME CECYLL.

"As I have no plaisour with long wretting to trouble you, Rycht Honorable, quhois mynd I knaw to be occupyed with most grave maters,3 so mynd I nott greattlie to lawboure by long preface to conciliat your favouris, quhilk I suppoise I have allreddy, (howsomer rumouris bruit the contrarie,) as it becummeth one member of Chrystis body to have of ane uther.

The contentis, thairfoire, of these my presentis sal be absolved in tuo pointis.

In the former, I purpois to discharge, in breve wordis, my conscience towardis you: and in the uther, somguhat must I speik in my awin defence, and in defence of that poore floke, of lait assembled in the most godlie Reformed

Churche and citie of the warld, Geneva.

To you, Sir, I say, that as frome God ye have receavit lyfe, wisdome, honoris, and this present estait, in the quhilk now ye stand, so aucht you whollie* to employ the same to the advancement of his glorie, who onlie is the author of lyef, the fountaine of wisdome, and quho most assuredlie doeth, and will honour and glorifie these, that, with sempill hairtis, do glorifie him; quhiche, allace, in tymes past ye have nott doun; bot bein overcum with comoun iniquitie, ye have followed the warld in the way of perditioun.

For to the suppressing of Christis trew Evangell, 1In MS. 1566, "in sending." we need not be surprised to find Cecil, in a letter dated "from the Court," on the last of October, saying to Sadler, 2 In Vautrollier's editions, and in the later MSS. (A., E., I., L 2, &c.) the whole of this paragraph is omitted, and also the following Letter from Knox to Cecil, written from Dieppe in April 1559. The free strain of the letter was not calculated to conciliate the favour of the English statesman; and " Of all others Knoxees name, if it be not Goodman's, is most odious here; and therefore I wish no mentioun of hym hither." —(State Papers, vol. i. p. 582.)

3 In MS. 1566, " grevous matter."

4In MS. 1566, "holylie."

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

to the erecting of idolatrie, and to the schedding of the blood of Goddis most deare childrein have you, by silence, consented and subscryvit.

This youre most horrible defectioun frome the treuth knawin, and anis professed, hath God to this day mercifullie spared; yea, to manis judgement, he hath utterlie forgottin and pardoned the same.

He hath not intreated you as he hath done utheris, (of lyke knawlege,) quhome in his anger, (bot yet most justlie, according to thair desertis,) he did schoirtlie stryk efter thair defectioun.

But you (gyltie in the same offenses) he hath fostered and preserved, as it wer in his awin bosome, during the tyme of that most miserable thraldome of that professed ennemie of God, mischeivous

Marie: and now hath he sett you at such liberty, as the furie of Goddis ennemeis can nott hurt you, except that willinglie aganis his honour, ye tak pleisour to conspyre with thame.

As the benefeit quhiche ye hath received is greit, so most Goddis justice requyre of you a thankfull hairt ; for seing that his mercie hath spared you, being trator to his Majestie ; seing farder, that amanges youre ennemeis he hath preserved you; and, last, seing, although wourthie! of hell, he hath promoted you to honoris and dignitie,? of you must he requyre (becauis he is just) earnest repentence for your former defectioun, a hairt myndfull of his mercifull providence, and a will so reddy to advance his glorie, that evidentlie it may appeire, that in give him leave to chuse an everlasting rather than a momentary service."

From the strain of Knox's letter to him, it might be inferred he had complied more ostensibly with the Romish party; but immediately upon Queen 1In MS. 1566, &c., "that you, wourthie of."

2 Sir William Cecil, the eminent statesman, had been Secretary of State in the reign of Edward VI.

Under Queen Mary, he acted with so much caution, although known to be a Protestant, that he remained unmolested, professing, among other reasons, " that he thought himself bound to serve God Elizabeth's accession to the throne, Cecil became a Privy Councillor, and was reinstated in his office of Secretary.

He was afterwards raised to the peerage as Lord Burghley, and was appointed Lord High Treasurer.

He died in 1598. first, and next the Queen; but if her service should put him out of God's service, he hoped her Majesty would B VOL. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ITI. vaine ye have nott receved these graces of God; to performance quhairof, of necessitie it is, that carnall wisdome and wardly policie, (to the which both, ye are bruitted too muche inclyned,) gif place to Goddis simple and naked treuth.

Verry love compellit me to say, that except the Spreit of God purge youre hairt frome that vennum, which your eis have seine to have bein distructioun till utheris, that ye sall nott lang escaip the rewaird of dissembleris.

Call to mynd quhatt your earis heard proclamed in the chapell! of Sanct James, quhen this verse of the first Psalme was entreated, " Not so,

O wicked, nott so; bot as the dust which the wind tossed," ete.

And consider, that now ye travaill in the same way which then thai did occupy ; plainlie to speak, now are ye in that estait and creddit, in the whiche ye sall ather confort the sorrowfull and afflicted for rychteousness saik, or ellis ye sall molest and oppugne the Spreit of God speaking in his messingeris.

The confortares of the afflicted for godlines have promise of confort in thair greatest necessiteis ; but the trubleris of Goddis servandis, (how contemned that ever? thai appeir befoire the warld,) are threatned to leive thair names in execratioun to the posteriteis following.

The examples of the one and of the uther are nott onlye evident in Scriptures, bot also have bein laitlie manifested in England.

And this is the conclusioun of that, whiche to youre self, I say, Except that in the cause of Chrystis Evangell ye be found semple, sincear, fervent, and unfeaned, ye sall taist of the same copp, whiche politick headis have drunkein in befoire you.

"The uther poynt concerning my self, and that poore flocke now dispersed, and (as I heir say) rudelie intreated, is this:

By dyverse messingeris I have requeisted suche previleges as Turkis comounlie do grant to men of everie natioun; to wit,

1 In MS. G, "what youhard proclamKing's chaplains, before Edward the ed in the chapell."—This probably reSixth. fers to a discourse by Knox himself, 2 In MS. 1566, "how contemp that in 1658, when preaching as one of the __ iver."

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Ne that fredome sould be granted unto me peceablie to travell throucht England,! to the end that with greater expeditioun

I mycht repair towardis my awin countrie, quhilk now beginneth to thrist for Chrystis treuth.

This requeist I thocht sa reassonable, that almost I had entered the realme without licence demandit; and yeit I understand that it had bein so rejected, that the solistaris thairof did hardlie eschaip empresement.

And some of that flocke I heir to be so extremelie handled, that those that most cruellie have shed the blood of Goddis most deare childrein, find this day amangis you greattar favouris then thei do.

Allace, this appereth muche to repugne to Christiane cheritie ; for quhatsoevir hath bein my offence, this I feare nott to affirme in thair causses, that if ony whiche have suffered exyle in these most dolorus dayis of persecutioun, deserve prais and commendatioun, for peace, concorde, sober and quiet liveing, it is thei.

And as for me, how criminall that ever I be in Goddis presence, for the multitude of my synnes; yet befoire his justice-seat I have a testimonie of guid conscience, that sence my first acquentance with England, willinglie I never offended persone within it,

(except in oppin chayre to reprove that whiche God condemtheir favour to Secretary Cecil; and he entreated her Majesty to overlook "his former faultes."

On the 19th of July, after stating "of what importance the successe of thinges touching religion in Scotland is for us,"

Throkmorton strongly urges upon Cecil the expediency "that Knokes have liberty to repair into England, how short soever his abode be there."

(Forbes's State Papers, vol. i. pp. 129, 155, 167.) From 1 This desire of Knox, repeated so frequently in subsequent letters, to be allowed to visit England, was ungraciously refused, or allowed for many months to pass unnoticed.

On the 9th of July, after Knox had reached Scotland, but still expressing the same anxious desire to see his brethren in the North of England, Cecil wrote to Sir Nicholas Throkmorton:

" Knowe desyreth to come hyther: if he might come secretly, I wold allow it; otherwise not." On the 18th of June, Throkmorton, in a letter to Queen Elizabeth, had mentioned that Knox's wife and bis mother-in-law were then in Paris, Cecil's own letter, on the 28th of July,

(see page 34,) it appears that he had requested Knox to meet him at Stamford; but the course of events, as related at page 32, prevented his travelling beyond Berwick. intending to return through England, and that he had promised letters in 2 In MS. G. " imprisonment."

THE HISTORY OF

Book III. neth) can be judged offense.

But I have, (say you,) wreittin a tredssonable [booke] aganis the Regiment and Impyre of Women: If that be my offense, the poore flocke is innocent,

(except suche as this day do fastest cry treasoun:) For, Sir, in Goddis presence I wreitt, with none in that cumpany did I consult befoire the finisheing of the same; and, thairfoire, in Chrystis name, I requyre that the blame may ly upoun me allone.

The wreitting of that Booke I will nott deny, but to prove it treassonable I think it salbe hard.

For, Sir, no more do I doubt of the treuth of my principall propositioun, then that I doubt that this was the voce of God whiche first did pronunce this penaltie aganis woman, "In doloure sall thou beare thy chyldrein."

It is bruitted, that my Booke is or salbe writtin against.

Yf so be, Sir, I greatlie feare that flattereris sall rather hurte nor mend the mater, which thei wald seame to mainteine; for, except that my error be plainlie schawin and confuted be better authoritie then by suche lawis as frome yeir to yeir may and do change, I dar nott promitt silence in so wechtie a besines, leist that in so doing, I sall appear to betray the verretie whiche is not subjected to the mutabilitie of tyme. And if ony think me ather ennemye to the Persone or yet to the Regiment of her quhome God hath now promoted, thei are utterlie deceived of me. For the miraculouse wark of God, conforting his afflicted by ane infirme veschell, I do acknawlege, and the power of his most potent hand (raiseing up quhome best pleiseit his mercie to suppresse such as fecht aganis his glorie) I will obey, albeit that boyth nature and Goddis most perfyt ordinance repugne to suche regiment.

Moir plainlie to speik, yf Quene Elizabeth sall confesse, that the extraordinarie dispensatioun of Goddis great mercie macketh that lauchfull unto her, whiche boyth nature and Goddis law do deny to all women, then sall non in England be more willing to mainteine her lauchfull authoritie then I salbe:

But yf (Goddis wonderouse werk sett asyd) scho ground (as

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

God forbid) the justnes of her title upoun consuetude, lawis, or ordinances of men; then I am assured, that as suche foolishe presumpcioun doeth heyghlie offend Goddis supreame majesty, so do I greatlie feare that her ingratitude sall nocht lang lack punishement.

. And this in the name of the eternall God, and of his sone Jesus Chryst, (befoire quhome boyth you and I sall stand, to mak accomptes of all counsall we geve,) I requyre you to signifie unto Her Grace in my name ; adding, that onlie humilitie and dejectioun of herself before God salbe the firmitie and stabilitie of her throne, quhilk I knaw sall be ™E WARst assulted mo wayis then one.

Yf this ye conceill! frome Her *'* °™* Grace, I will mak it patent to the warld that thus far I have communicated with you, haveing also farther to speik, yf my weik judgement may be hearde.

Allace, Sir, is my offense (althocht in that tyme, and in that mater, I had writtin ten bookis) so haineuse that I can nott have licence, by preacheing of Christ Jesus, to refreshe thoise thrustye saulles whiche long have laicked the watter of lyffe.

No man will I presentlie accuse ; butt I greatlie fear, that the leprouse have no plaisour to behald thair faces in the cleir glasse.

Lett none? be affrayed that I requyre to frequent the Courte, ather yet of any continuance to remaine in England; but onlye thristis in passing furthe to my awin native countrie to communicat with you and sum uther, suche thingis as willinglie I list nott to committ to paper, neither yet to the knawledge and ereddit of many; and then, in the Northe pairtes, to offer

Goddis favouris to suche as I suppoise do murne for thair defectioun.

And this I trust salbe no less profitable to Her Grace, and to all godlie within England, then it sould be pleiseing to me in the flesche.

"This is the thrid tyme that I have beggit licence to visite the hungrie and thristie amangs you, whiche, yf now be denyed, as befoire God I have a testimonie, that so muche I seik nott

1In the MS. of 1566, "thei counsall."

In MS. G, "Lat no man."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. myself, as the advancement of Chrystis Evangell, and the conforte of suche as quhome I knaw afflicted ; so sall the godlie understand that England, in refuseing me, refuseth a friend, how small that ever the power be.

The mychtie Spreit of the Lord Jesus muve youre hairte deaplie to consider youre dewtie unto God, and the estait of that Realme in whiche, by his appointement, ye now serve.

From Deape, the [22d] of Aprile 1559.

(Sic subscribitur,) " Youris to command in godlines, " JHonE Knox."

To this letter was no answer maid ; for schorte thairefter the said Jhone Knox maid forduard to Scotland by sea, where he landed the thrid day of Maij;2 and had suche successe as in the Secound Booke is declaired.

The said Jhone being in Sanctandrois efter Cuper Mure,' entred in deipe discourse with the Laird of Grange: the dangeris war evident, butt the supporte was nott easie to be seine.

Efter many wordis, Jhone Knox burstit furth as followis:

" Yff England wald foirsie thair awin comoditie, yea, yf thai did consider the danger quhairin thei thameselfis stand, thai wald nott suffer us to. perishe in this quarrel; for France hath decreit no less the conquest of England then of Scotland."

After long reassoning, it was concluded betuix thame two, that supporte sould be cravit of England ; and for that purpois, the said Laird. of Grange first wreit to Sir Harie Percie,* and efter raid frome

Edinburgh and spak with him ; to quhome he maid so plaine 1 This date is supplied from the page 318 of vol.i., the 2d of that month original, in the Harl. MSS. (British Museum) No. 7004.

In the MSS. of Knox's History, it is dated the 10th of April. is the day specified.

8 Jn June: see vol. i. p. 825.

4 See infra, note 1, page 83.—Letters from Kirkaldy of Grange to Sir Henry Percy, between the 23d June and Ist July 1559, are preserved in the State Paper Office.

2 There is a slight discrepancy in the date of Knox's arrival in Scotland.

Here it is the 3d of May 1559, but at

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

demonstratioun of the danger appeiring to England, that he tooke upoun him to wreit to the Secretarie Cycill ; quho with expeditioun returned answer bak agane, geving him to understand, thatt oure interpryse altogitther myslyked nott the Counsall, albeit that thei desyrit farther resolutioun of the principall Lordis.

Whiche thing understand, it was concluded by some! to wreitt unto him plainlie oure hoill purpois.

The tennor of oure letter was this :— THE First Lerrer to [Sir] WittyaumE CycIt, FRA

THE LoRDIS.OF THE CONGREGATIOUN.

"THE contentis of a letter direct by you (rycht worschipfull) to Sir Harie Percie, was notifeid unto us by Mr. Kircaldie of Grange, this Sonday the [16th?] of Julij, by the whiche we perceave, that the said Grange, of zeill and faithfull hairt whiche he bereth to the furtherance of this our great, and, befoire the warld, dangerous interpryse, hath travelled with youas with ane unfeaned favorer of Chrystis trew religioun, and of the libertie of our countrye, for knawlege of your myndis towardis us, incais that we be assaulted by ony forayne invasioun, or greater power then we be weill able to resist.

Youre confortable answer to this questioun we have considered, to our joy and conforte, as also youre motiouns, and quhatt ye demand; to witt, What we, the Protestantis within this realme, do purpois?

To quhatt end we meane to directe oure actiouns?

How we will, and how we be? able to accompleis the same?

What doubtis we have of ony adversare powar? And finallie, incais that supporte sould be send frome you, what maner ofamytie mycht insew betuix these twa realmes?

'To the whiche in breve we 1 The words, "by some," are omitted Sounday, the 15 of Julij;" but the 3d in MS. G.

Sunday of July fell on the 16th; and it 2 In Vautr. edit. "the 26th of Julie;" bas been seen, that such mistakes on the MS. G. has "the 25th."

Inthe MS. part of Knox are not unusual.

1566, it might either be 25 or 28.

The 2 Vautr. edit. has, "how we be able;" original letter reads distinctly, "this MS. G, "how we sall be able."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. answer, That oure hoille and only purpois (as knaweth God) is to advance the glorye of Chryst Jesus, the trew preaching of his evangell! within this realme ; to remove superstitioun, and all kynd of idolatrie;? to brydeill to our poweris the furie of those that heirtofoir have cruellie sched the bloode of our bretherein ; and, to our utermest, to meanteine the libertie of this oure countrye frome the tirranie and thraldome of strangeris, as God sall assist us.

How we [sall] be able to accompleiss these premisses, is to us unknawin ; onlye oure hoip is guid that He that hes begune this guid wark in us, and hathe, by LETT THE ENNEMYE SAY, GIF THAIR HOPE BE NOTT

FRUSTRAT.

his power, to this hour confounded the faces of our adversaries, will performe the same to his glorie, whiche chieflie we seik in this oure interpryse.

Because we suppoise, that neither oure present danger, neither yett the weirlyke preparatioun whiche France maketh aganis us, be hyd frome you nor frome the Counsall, we omitt that pairt.

As tuicheing the assurance of a perpetuall amity to stand betuix these twa Realmes ; as no earthlie [thing] of us is more desyred, so crave we of God to mak us instrumentis by whiche this unnaturall debaite, whiche long hath continued betuix us, may anis be composed, to the prais of Goddis name, and to the confort of the faithfull in boyth realmes.

And gif youre wisdomes can foirsie and devyse the meanes and assurances, how the same may be brocht to passe; perswade youreselfis, not onlye of oure consent and assistance, but also of oure constancie, as men may promeise, to oure lyves end; yea, and farther, of a charge and commandement by us to be left to oure posteritie, that the amity betuix [us], in God contracted and begun, may be by thame kept inviolat for ever.

And for the revolting frome you to France, whiche yee seeme to fear and suspect, at thair pleisour, we utterlie abhor that infidelitie ; for now doeth the voyce? of God continualie sound in our earis, 'That suche as profaine the terrible

1 In MS. G, "his holie evangell;" in 2 In MS. G, " externall idolatrie."

Vautr. edit. "his gospell.""

2 In MS. 1566, " wolce."

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

and reverent name of God, sall nott eschaip veangence.'

Oure confederacie, amitie, and leigue, sall nott be lyke the pactions maid by wardlie men for wardlie proffeit ; but as we require it for Goddis caus, so will we incall his name for the observatioun of the same.

Moirover, gif we sould laike any thing to temporall commoditie, yitt sould we never have occasioun to returne to thame ; ffor we now perceave and feill the wecht of thair yoke, and intend (by Goddis grace) to cutt away suche instrumentis! as by quhome this realme wes befoire abused.

'Trew it is, that as yeit we have maid no mentioun of ony change in Authoritie, neither yeit were we myndit to [do] any suche thing, till extreme necessitie compelled us thairto : but seing it is now more than evident, that France, and the Quene Regent heir, with hir preistis, pretend to nothing bot

° the suppressing of Chrystis Evangell, the ruyne of us, and the subversioun of [this] poore realme ; committing oure innocencie to God, and unto the judgment of all godlie and naturall men, we are determined to seik the nixt remedie, in whiche we hairtlie requyre youre counsaill and assistance.

And this far we have interprysit, to mak you participant of oure purpois; becauis in the said letteris you requyred of the [said] Mr.

Kirkealdie sum farther assurance then his awin woord of wreitting, whiche we dout nott bot ye sall schoirtlie receave frome mo then frome us. We dar nott haistellie mak the whole assemblie, neither of noblis, neither of barronis, prevy in this cause, for dangeris that may insew by policie and craft of the adversaries ; youre Wisdomes, we doubt not, will communicat these onlye, with suche as ye knaw favoraris of such ane godlie conjunctioun.

It should much help in oure opinioun, gif the preacharis boyth in persuasioun and in publict prayeris,

(as ouris do heire,) wald commend the same unto the peopill.

And thus, efter oure humill commendatiounis to the Quenis Majestie, (quhois reigne we desyre to be prosperous and long,

1In the original letter, the words, "the papisticall clergye," are added in the margin.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. to the glorie of God, and conforte of his Churche,) we hairtlie committ you to the protectioun of the Omnipotent.

Fra Edinburgh, the [19th1] of Julij 1559."

With this oure letter,2 Jhonne Knox wreat two, one to the said Secratarie, and ane uther to the Quenis Majestie hirself, in tennour as efter followis:

JHonse Knox? secounp Lerrer to Mr. CYcmLL, FOR DELI-

VERANCE OF ANE UTHER TO THE QUEIN OF ENGLAND.

" Wir my humill commendatiounis.

Pleise you, Sir, to delyver this other letter inclosit to the Quenis Grace.

It containeth in few and in semple wourdis my confessioun, quhat I think of hir Authoritie, how it is just, and quhat may mak it odious in Goddis presence.

I heir that thair is ane Confutatioun sett furth in prent aganis 'The First Blast'*

God grant that the wreitter have no more socht the favoris of this present estait, no less the glorie of God, and the stable commoditie of his countrey, then did he quho enterprysed in that 'Blast' to utter his conscience. When I sall have tyme, (whiche now is sumquhatt precious unto me,) to peruse that werk, I will communicat my judgement with you.

1 Tn all the copies of Knox's History, this letter is dated the 17th of July; the original has the 19th. that these letters were purposely suppressed while that edition was at press, in order to avoid giving offence to Queen Elizabeth.—As already mentioned, the originals of several of Knox's

Letters of this period, are still preserved, and copies of them will be inserted in a subsequent volume.

2 The original of this letter, in the hand-writing of Knox, is preserved in the State Paper Office.

It is signed by the Earls of Argyle and Glencairn, the Prior of St. Andrews, and Lords Ruthven, Boyd, and Ochiltree.

The original draft of Cecil's answer, in the same collection, is dated 28th July 1559.

(See Tytler's Hist. of Scotland, vol. vi. pp. 122, 124.) 4 Alluding to the publication by John Aylmer, afterwards Bishop of London, which will be more particularly noticed in a subsequent volume, entitled, "' An Harborowe for faithfull and trewe subjectes, against the late blowne Blaste

8 This second letter to Cecil, and the following one to Queen Elizabeth, are omitted in Vautrollier's edition and the later MSS.

It is highly probable concerninge the Government of We-~ men," &c.

Anno 1559.

4to.

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

"The tyme is now, Sir, that all that either thrist Chryst Jesus to reigne in this yle, or yett the hairtes of the inhabitantes of the same to be joyned togidder in love unfained, aucht rather to studie how the same mycht be brocht to passe, then vanelie to travaill for the mantenance of that, quhairof we have allreddy seine the danger, and felt the smarte.

Gif the most pairt of women be wicked, and suche as willinglie we wald nott reigne over us; and gif the most godlie, and suche as have rare graces be yett mortall, we aucht to tak heid, least in establissing one judged godlie and profitable to hir countrey, we mak ane entres and tytill to mony ; off quhome not only sall the treuth be impugned, bot also sall the countrey be brocht in bondage.

God give you, and utheris favoraris of your countrey, eyis to foirsee, and wisdome to avoyd the ~ dangeris appeareing.

" By dyverse [letteris], I have requyred licence to have visited the North pairtis of England; but as yitt I have ressaved no favorabill answer.!

The longer, Sir, that it be delayed, the less conforte sall the faithfull thair receive, the weaker sall the Quenis Grace be.

Gif I war nott to hir Grace ane unfeaned friend, I wald not instantlie begg suche libertie, whiche to me I knaw sall neither be proffitable nor pleising in the flesche.

The estait of thingis here comoun, I dout nott ye knaw.

Some thingis I have, (as oft I have wreitten,) whiche gladlie I wald communicat, quhilk I mynd nott to committ unto paper and ynk: find, thairfoir, the meanis that I may speik suche one as ye will credit in all thingis.

The grace of the Lord Jesus rest with you.

"T hairtlie beseik you to have my service humblie commended to the Quenis Grace; adding, that quhosoever maketh me odious to hir Grace, seiketh somequhatt besydis the glorie of God, and hir Grace's prosperitie ; and thairfoir can nott be assured and unfayned freindis.

From, &c."

1 See supra, page 19, note 1.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

The letter sent be the said Jhonne, to the Quenis Majestie of England, being inclosed in the foirsaid Mr. Cycillis letter.

"To THE VERTEOUS AND GODLIE ELIZABETH, BY THE GRACE OF

Gop Qurrn oF Eneiann, &c.,

JHONNE KNox DESYRETH

THE PERPETUALL CONFORTE OF THE HoLy SPREIT?.

" As youre Grace's displeisoure aganis me, most injustlie eonceaved, hath bein, and is to my wretched hearte a burdene greavouse, and almost intollerable ; so is the testimony of ane cleir conscience to me ane stay and uphald, that in disperatioun I synk nott, how vehement that ever the tentatiouns appeir.

For, in Goddis presence, my conscience beareth me record, that maliciously, nor of purpoise, I never offended youre Grace, nor youre realme ; and, thairfoir, howsoever I be judged of man, I am assured to be absolved of him quho only knaweth the secreitis of hairtis.

JI can not deny the wreiting of a booke aganis the usurped Authoritie, and injust Regement of Women;! neither [yit] am I myndit to retract or call back any principall point, or propositioun of the same, till treuth and verritie do farder appeir.

But quhy, that either youre Grace, either yitt ony suche as unfeanedlie favore the libertie of England, be offendit at the authore of suche ane warke, I can perceave no just oceasioun.

For, first, my booke tueched nott youre Grace's persoune [in speciall,] neither yitt is it prejudiciall till any libertie of the realme, gif the tyme of my wretting be indifferentlie considdered.

How could I be ennemy to youre Grace's persone, for delyverance quhairof I did more studie, and interpryse farther, then ony of these that now accuise me? And, as concerning youre Regiment, how could or can I invy that whiche most I have thristit, and for the quhilk (as oblivioun will suffer) I render thankis unfeandlie unto God?

That is, 'That he hath pleised him, of his eternall goodness, to exalt your head, (which some tymes was in ' Referring to his " First Blast of the Trumpet," &c., published at Geneva, in 1558.

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

danger,) to the manifestatioun of his glorie, and extirpatioun of idolatrie."

And as for my offense, quhilk I have committed against England, either in wreitting that, or of any uther werk, I will nott refuise that moderat and indifferent man

Judge and discerne betwix me and those that accuise [me]: to witt, quhither of the parties do maist hurt to the libertie of England, I that affirme, ' That no woman may be exalted above any! realme, to mak the libertie of the same thrall to ane strange, proude, and cruell natioun;' or, they that approve quhatsoever plaeseth Princes for the tyme.

Gif I war alsweill disposed to accuse, as some of thame (till thair awin schame) have declaired thame selfis, I no thing doubt, bot that in few wourdis I sould lett reassonable men understand, that some that this day lawlie crouche to your Grace, and laubor to mak me odiuss in your eyes, did, in your adversitie, neather schaw thame selfis faithfull freindis to your Grace, neather so loveing and carefull over thair awin native countrey, as thei wald be estemed.

But omitting the accusatioun of utheris, for my awin purgatioun, and your Grace's satisfactioun, I say, that nothing in my booke contained, is, nor can be prejudiciall to your Grace's just regiment, providit that ye be nott found ungrate unto God: Ungrate ye sallbe provein in presence of his throne, (howsoever that flattereris justifie your factioun,) gif ye transferr the glorye of that honor, in quhilk ye now. stand, to any uther thing, then to the dispensatioun of his mercie, which only maketh that lauchfull to your Grace, quhilk nature and law denyeth to all woman.

Neither wald I that your Grace should feare that this your humiliatioun before [God] sould, in ony caise, infirme or weaken your Grace's just and lauchfull authoritie befoire men.

Nay, Madame, such unfeaned -confessioun of Goddis benifits receaved shalbe the establissement of the same, nott only to youre self, but also to youre seid and posteritie ; whair, contrariwyse, a proude con1In MS. G, "over any."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. ceat and elevatioun of youre self, salbe the occasioun, that youre reigne salbe unstable, troublesome, and schorte.

God is witnesse, that unfeanedlie I boyth love and reverence youre Grace ; yea, I pray, that youre reigne may be long, prosperouse, and quyet; and that, for the quyetnes which Christis membres, befoire persecuted, have receaved under you.

" Bot yett, gif I should flatter youre Grace, I war no freind, bot ane deceavable traitor.

And thairfoire of conscience, I am compelled to say, that neather the consent of people, the process of tyme, nor multitude of men, can establische a law which God sall approve; bot quhatsoever he approveth by his eternall wourd, that shalbe approved, and quhatsoever he condempneth salbe condempned, thocht all men in earth wald hasard the justificatioun of the same.

And, thairfoire, Madame, the only way to reteane and kept those benefites of God, aboundantlie poured now of laitt dayis upoun you, and upoun youre realme, is unfeanedlie to rander unto God, to his mercie, and undeserved grace, the [whole] glorie of this youre exaltatioun.

Forgett youre birth, and all tytill which thairupoun doeth hing; and considder deiplie, how for feir of your lyef, ye did declyne from God, and bow till idollatrie.

Lett it not appeire ane small offence in your eyes, that ye have declyned from Christ Jesus in the day of his batteill.

Neither yett wald I, that ye sould esteme that mercie to be vulgare and commoun which ye have received ; to witt, that God hath covered your former offense, hathe preserved you quhen ye war most unthankfull; and in the end, hath exalted and raiseit you up, nott only from the dust, bot also from the portis of deith, to reule above his people, for the confort of his Kirk.

It apperteneth to you, thairfoire, to ground the justice of your Authoritie, nott upoun that law, which from year to year doeth change, but upoun the eternall providence of Him, who, contrair to nature, and without your deserving, hath thus exalted your head.

Gif thus, in Goddis presence, ye humill

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

your self, as in my heart I glorifie God for that rest granted to his afflicted flocke within Ingland, under you a weik instrument; so will I with toung and penn justifie your Authoritie and Regiment, as the Holy Ghost hath justified! the same in Debora, that blissed mother in Israell.

Bot gif the premisses (as God forbeid) neglected, ye sall begin to bragg of your birth, and to builde your Authoritie and Regiment upoun your awin law, flatter you quho so list, your felicitie salbe schorte.

Interpreit my rude wordis in the best pairte, as written by him who is no ennemye to your Grace.

" By dyverse letteris I have requyred license to veseit your Realme, nott to seik my self, neither yett my awin ease nor commoditie; which, gif ye now refuise and deny, I most remit my caus to God; adding this for conclusioun, that commonlie it is seine, 'That such as refuise the counsaill of the faithfull,

(appeir it never so scharpe,) ar compelled to follow the deceat of flattereris to thair awin perditioun.'

The mychtie Spreit of the Lord Jesus move your hairt to understand quhat is said; give unto you the discretioun of spreittis, and so rewll you in all your actions and interpryses, that in you God may be glorified, his Kirk edified, and ye your self as ane lyvlie member of the same, may be an example of vertew and godlie lyffe till all utheris.

So be it.

Of Edinburgh, the [20th?] day of Julij 1559."

These letters war directed by Alexander Quhytlaw,? a man " being a very honest, sober, and godly man, and the most truely affectionat to England of any Scottishman I know here, hath been with me, and given me 1 Jn the MS. of 1566, " institued."

2 MS. G. makes it the 28th; but the date of the original letter, as Mr. Tytler has noticed, is the 20th of July.

(Hist. diverse advertisements of things which be trew;" and he recommends that he should receive the samepension he had enjoyed, after his lands in Scotland had been forfeited by the Earl of Huntley. vol. vi. p. 122.) 3 See a brief notice of Whytelaw, in vol. i. p. 8938. Throkmorton, in a letter dated at Paris, 21st June 1559, says, " One Sanders Whitlo, a Scottishman, who was heretofore pensioner in England, in King Edward's tyme," and (Forbes's State Papers, vol. i. p. 187.)

On the 28th June, he was the bearer of a

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. that oft hath hazarded him self, and all that he had, for the cause of God, and for his freindis being in danger for the same cause.

Within a day or twa efter the departing of the said Alexander, thair come a lettre from Sir Harye Percye to Jhone Knox, requyring him to meitt him at Annyk,* the threid of August, for such effairis as he wald nott wreit, nor yitt communicat with any but with the said Jhone him self.

While he was preparing him self for the journay, (for Secretary Cycill had appointed to have mett him at Stampfourd,)® the Frenche men furiouslie come furth of Dumbar, of purpose to have surprised the Lordis being in Edinburgh, as in the,

Secound Booke befoir is declared: Which stayit the journay of the said Jhonne, till that God had delyvered the innocentis from that great danger; and then was he, having in his company,® Maister Robert Hamyltoun,' minister of the Evangell of Jesus Christ, directed from the Lordis, with full commissioun and instructiouns to expone thair hole cause and estait quhairin thei stoode.

Thair passage was from Petinweame,® by sea.

Thei arryvit at Holy-Iland ; and being advertissed that Sir Harye Percie was absent from [the North], thei addressed thame selfis to Sir

James Croftis, then Capitane of Berwik, and Wardein of the East Marches of England.

Thei schew unto him thair creddit and commissioun.

He receaved thame gentlie, and comforted letter from Throkmorton to Secretary visible, was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir William Cecil.

Cecil. (Ib. p. 147.) A postscript to the letter adds, '' This bearer is greatly estemyd of John Knokes, and he doth also favour him above other: nevertheles, he is sory for his boke rashly writen."

6 In Vautr. edit. "then was he hated of his companie."

™ Mr. Robert Hamilton was educated at St. Andrews.

As witness of a deed, dated 1558, he is styled Rector of Torrens.—(Lyon's St. Andrews, vol.

'ii.

4In MS. G, " Anwich,". the town of Alnwick, in the county of Northumberland, 34 miles from Newcastle. p. 262.) He afterwards became Minister of St. Andrews.

5 Stamford, an ancient borough town in the county of Lincoln.

The Castle, of which scarcely any vestiges are now § Pittenweem, a royal burgh and seaport on the east-coast of Fife.

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

thame with his faithfull counsall, which was: "That thei sould os JAMES travaill no farther,! neather yitt sould thei be seine in publict, and that for dyverse consideratiouns.

First, The Quene Regent FTIS Co cnsa vie: had her espyellis in England.

Secoundarlie, The Quene and the Counsall that favored our actioun, wald that all thingis should be secreat so long as thei mycht.

And last, (said he,) I think it nott expedient, that in such raritie of preachearis, ye two be ony long tyme absent from the Lordis.

And thairfoire, (said he,) ye shall do best to committ to wreating your hoile mynd and creddit, and I shall promeise to you, upoun my honour, to haif answer at you, and at the Lordis againe, befoire that ye your selfis can be at Londoun.

And quhaire that your letteris can nott expresse all thingis so fully as your presence could, I sall supplie the same, not only by my penne, but also by my awin presence, to suche as will informe the Counsall sufficientlie of all thingis."

The said Jhone and Maister Robert followed his counsall,?

1 As this portion of the History supplies a defect in the previous Book, where the application made by the Protestants for aid from England is scarcely alluded to; and as there is an apparent confusion in some of the dates, owing to the letters being partially or inaccurately copied, a few words of explanation may here be added.

Knox's conversation with Kirkaldy of Grange, (see page 21,) took place at St. Andrews, after Cupar Muir, before the end of June 1559; and letters from Kirkaldy, to Cecil and Percy, on the 23d and 25th of that month, and on the 1st of July, are still preserved. Knox himself wrote to Cecil, on the 28th June.

The result of their correspondence was, that Whytelaw, who had then returned from France, and having passed through England, had brought letters from Sir William Cecil, was sent back on the 20th of July, as the bearer of the letters from the Lords of the Congregation, and from Knox, to Cecil and Queen Elizabeth, which are printed in pages 22 to 80.

After Whytelaw's departure, Knox received a letter from Sir Henry Percy, wishing that they should meet at Alnwick.

His journey thither was delayed, in consequence of the Queen and the French troops having advanced from Dunbar, on Monday the 23d of July, and the Congregation having retired from Edinburgh on the 24th; but Knox, after a short delay, passed through Fife to Pittenweem, and crossed the Firth to Holy Island.

Having acceded to the suggestions of Sir James Crofts, instead of proceeding farther, he remained at Berwick until Whytelaw came with Cecil's letter, on thé 2d or 8d of August :

(see page 35, note 1.) 2The Articles and Instructions, written by Knox, and left with Crofts to be transmitted tothe English Privy Council, are dated 81st July 1559.

(See Tytler's History of Scotland, vol. vi. p. 128.) Cc VOL, I.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. for it was faithfull, and proceidit of luif at that tyme.

Thei taried with him verry secretly, within the Castell of Berwick, two dayis.

In the which tyme, returned Alexander Quhytlaw foirsaid, with answer to the Lordis, and to Jhone Knox ;! the tennour of whose letter was this :— Marster Cycituis Lerrer to Juone Knox.

" Master Knox, " Non est masculus neque foemina, omnes enim, ut art Paulus, unum sumus in Christo Jesu.

Benedictus vir qua confidit in Domino; et erit Dominus fiducia ejus.?

" T have resavit your letteris, at the same tyme that I have thocht to have sein your self about Stampfurd.

Quhat is now hitherto the caus of your [lett], I knaw nott.

I forbeir to descend to the bottome of thingis, untill I may conferr with such one as ye ar; and, thairfoire, gif your chance shalbe heirefter to cum hither, I wishe you furnissed with good credite, and power to mak good resolutioun. Althocht my answer to the Lordis of Congregatioun be some quhat obscure, yitt upoun farther understanding ye sall find the matter plaine.

I neid wishe to you® no more prudence then Goddis grace, quhairof God send you plentie.

And soI end.

From Oxford, the 28th of Julij 1559.

(Sic subscribitur,) Youris as ane member of the same body in Christ, "W. Cxorzt." 4

Albeit the said Jhone ressaved this letter at Berwyk, yett wald he answer no thing till that he had spokein the Lordis ; quhome he fand in Striveling, and unto quhome he delyvered

1MS. G. makes it, "' Maister Knox."

Lord; and the Lord will be his con2 That is, "There is neither male nor _ fidence." female, for as saith Paul, they are all 5 In MS. 1566, " need you writ." one in Christ Jesus.

(Galat. iii. 28.) *In MS. 1566, "M. Cecill;" and this Blessed is the man who trusteth in the mistake is followed in all the copies.

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

the answer send from the Counsall of England; (for Alexander Quhytlaw tuik seakness betwix Berwyk and Edinburgh, and was troubled be the Lord Seatoun, as in the formar booke is declaired.!) The answer send by Maister Cycill, was so generall, that many amanges us war dispaired of ony comforte to come from that countrey ; and thairfoire war determined that thei wald requeast no farder.

Jhone Knox laboured in the contraire ;2 but he could prevaill no farther, but that he should have licence and libertie to writt as he thocht best.

And so tuik he upoun him to answer for all, in forme as follows :— ANSWER TO Mr. Cyortuis Lerrer.?

"Two causes impeded me, Richt Worschipfull, to visite — you at any pairt of England.

Formar, no significatioun of your mynd and plaisour was maid unto me, for only did Sir Harye purpose a commission was granted on the 8th of August to Sir Ralph Sadler, in conjunction with the Earl of Northumberland and Sir James Crofts, to reside at Berwick, ostensibly to settle some Border disputes, and to strengthen the fortifications of that city; and the sum of £3000 was placed at Sadler's disposal.

A similar sum was paid to him on the 5th of October; and a third payment in November.

It was part of this money that was sent to Scotland with Balnayves, and with Cockburn of 1 Dr. M'Crie says, Knox, " at this time, prudently returned by sea to Fife:" the above statement, I think, clearly shows, he must have returned by land.

He set out from Berwick, in company with Whytelaw, on the 3d of August, but the latter being detained on the road by sickness, Knox proceeded, without delay, and reached Stirling on or before the 6th of August, on which day he addressed letters to Sir James Crofts: see Tytler's Hist. vol. vi. pp.

127, 180.

Soon afterwards, Whytclaw having recovered, and set out on his journey, along with William Knox, when between Preston and Edinburgh, they were pursued by Lord Seaton, and narrowly escaped: see vol. i. p. 893.

Ormiston.

(See Letter of Queen Elizabeth to Sadler, in Sir H. Ellis's Original Letters, 3d Series, vol. iii. p. 382.) —Sadler's Correspondence, extending from August 1559 to April 1560, (included in his " State Papers and Letters,"

Edinb. 1809, 2 vols. 4to,) furnish copious and most important materials for illustrating the negotiations and proceedings at this time.

2 The result of Knox's previous communications was very important, having led to the resolution of the English Council to support the Protestants in Scotland in their contest with the Queen

Regent, but with so much secrecy as might not infringe the treaty of peace 8 In MS. G. and Vautr. edit., "to Maister Cicillis writing." between the two. kingdoms.

For this

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Percye! will me to cum and speak him, which, convenientlie at that tyme I could nott do, be reasone that the Frenche men, (which was the Secound cause of my stay,) did then most furiouslie persew us, whill our company was dispersed ; and then durst I nott be absent for dyverse inconvenientis.

Neather did I think my presence greatlie necessarie with you, considdering that the mater, which I desyred maist, was opened and proponed.

'To the quhilk I wald have wished that a more plaine and especiall answer should have bein maid.

For, albeit Mr. Quhitlaw, by his credite, Mr. Kirkcaldie, by his letter, and I, boyth by letteris, and by that which I had ressaved from Sir James Croftis, did persuade your goode mindis ; yitt could not the Counsall be uthairwayis persuaded, but that this alteratioun in France had altered your former purpois.

It is nott unknawin what favor we three do beare to England; and, thairfoir, I wishe, that rather your pen then our credite, or ony thing writtin to ony of us, should assuire the Lordis and otheris, of your goode myndis,

(who ar bot now in nomber fyve hundreth).

Onless that money be fournissed without delay to pay the soldiouris with, for thair servise bypast, and to reteane ane uther thousand footmen, with three hundreth horsmen, till some stay be had in this danger, these gentilmen will be compelled to leave the feildis.

I am assured, as fleshe may be of fleshe, that some of thame will tak a verry harde lyve befoir that ever they compone eather with the Quene Regent, eather yitt with France ; but this I dar nott promeise of all, onless in you they see a 1 « Sir Henry Percy, second son of Sir Thomas Percy, who was executed in 1537, on account of Aske's rebellion, and brother of Thomas seventh Karl of Northumberland.

Having remained attached to the Queen, and even taken arms against the insurgents, in the great northern rebellion, headed by to the family titles and domains upon his brother's execution, in 1572.

But having engaged in Lord Paget's enterprise for setting Queen Mary at liberty, and being imprisoned, he shot himself through the heart to prevent the attainder and forfeiture which must have attended a conviction for treason."— (Note by Sir Walter Scott, in Sadler's State Papers, vol. i. p. 409.) his brother and Westmoreland, he escaped one great peril, and succeeded

1559.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

greatter fordwardness.

To support us will appeir excessive, and to break promeisse with France, will appeir dangeruss.

But the loss of expensses, in my opinioun, aucht nott to be esteamit from the first payment; neather yitt the danger from the first appearance.

France is most fervent to conqueise us, and avoweth, that against us thei will spend thair Croune,

(so did my awin earis heare Buttencourt brag!).

But, most assuredlie I knaw, that onless by us thei thocht to mak ane enteress to you, that thei wald nott bye oure povertie at that price.

Thei labour to corrupt some of oure great men by money, (and some of oure nomber ar poore, as befoire I wraitt, and can nott serve without supporte); some thei threattin ; and against utheris thei have raised up ane partie in thair awin countrey.

In this meane tyme, gif ye lye by as neutrallis, quhat wilbe the end, ye may easellie conjecture.

And, thairfoire, Sir, in the bowellis of Christ Jesus, I requyre you to mak plaine answer; What the gentillmen heir may lippin to, and quhatt the Quenis Majestie will do, may withcut long delay be put in executioun.

Rest in Christ Jesus.

Off Sanct Johnstoun, the &c. day of, &c."' 2 gion, and to dissemble with them; suppos1In Vautr. edit. this name occurs as two words, "' Butteau Court;" in MS.

G, "Buttincourt."

The person referred - ing that to be the best meane to worke theyr purposes."

(Ib. p. 183.) And on the 8th August, he further says, there was "sent by Botuncourt, at his last dispetche, diverse blankes to the Quene Dowager, signed by the French King and Queen."

(Ib. 193.) His arrival in Scotland, with these letters, is noticed by Knox: see vol. i. p. 384. to, the Sieur de Béthencourt, is already mentioned in a note to vol. i. p. 384.

Sir N. Throkmorton, in his correspondence from Paris, notices that on "the 11th of this present, (4. ¢. the month of June) there arrived here in post out of Scotlande, one Butomcourt, a Frenchman, Maister d'hostel to the Quene Dowagier there, &c."

(Forbes's State Papers, vol. i. p. 180.) On the 21st June, he is called " Betoncourt, the Scotishe Quenis Master d'hostel," (ib. p.

141); again, on the 29th July, "' Butomcourt, which I thinke passed through to England, had in charge to will the 2 This date is left blank in the various copies of Knox's History.

But. the above is neither a full or accurate copy of the letter, of which Mr. Tytler has given an extract from the original in the State Paper Office.—(Hist. vol. vi. pp. 136, 886.) It is dated not from St. Johnstone (or Perth,) but from "St.

Andrews, 15th August 1559;" and will afterwards be given entire.

Quene Douagier of Scotland to conforme herself to the Scotts procedings in reli-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox JII.

Answere with great expeditioun was returned to this letter, desyring some men of credite to be sent frome the Lordis to Berwyk,! for the receaving of money for the first supporte, with promeise, that gif the Lordis of the Congregatioun meant no utherwyse then befoire thei had writtin, and gif thei wald enter in league with honest conditionis, thei sould neather lack men nor money to thair just caus.

Upoun this answer, was directed from the Lordis to Berwik, Maister Henrye Balnaves, a man [of] goode credit in boyth the realmes, who suddenlie returned with such a somme of money as served all the publict effaris till November nixt; when Jhonne Cokburne of Ormistoun send? for the second supporte, and receaving the same, unhappelie fell in to handis of the Erlle Bothwell, was wounded, tane, and spoilzed of a great somme.®

Upoun whiche mischance followed all the rest of oure troubles befoire rehersed.

In the Secound Booke preceading, we have declaired how Secretarye Lethingtoun* was directed to England: but one thing we have befoire past by.

In that, oure greatest dejectioun, this ordour was tackin, That the Duike his Grace, the Erlle of Glencarne, Lord Boyd, Lord Uchiltrie, and thair freindis, should remain togither at Glaskow, for conforte of the countrey, and for geving of answeris, as occasioun should requyre ; and that the Erlle of Arrane, the Lord James, the Erlle of Rothess, the Maister of Lyndsay, and thair adherantes,

1 Tn Sadler's State Papers, (vol. i.

On the same day, Sadler and Crofts p. 401), there is a letter, dated 20th August 1559, addressed by Sir James Crofts to Knox, mentioning that Sadler and himself were desirous "to have som conference eyther with Mr. Henry Balnaves, or som other discrete and trusty man, for the better expedicion of this grete and weightie busyness, which you have in hande;" and suggesting, that he should come by sea to Holy Island, and afterwards to be conveyed in secret manner to Berwick. wrote to Cecil, representing that some aid should be granted, along with the sum of 2000 or 8000 crowns, to relieve the Protestant party in Scotland in their present necessities: see page 85, note. 2.

2 In MS. G, "being sent;" in Vautr. edit., "sent."

5 The sum of £1000 sterling, on the last of October : see note in vol. i. p. 455.

* William Maitland, see supra, p. 4, note 2.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

should continew togither within Fyffe, for the same causses, that advertissementis mycht go frome the one to the other, as neid requyred.

In the negotiatioun of the Secretary Lethingtoun with the Quene and Counsall of England, (in whiche he travailed with no less wisdome and faithfulnes then happy successe,) mony thingis occurred that requyred the resolutioun of the hole Lordis,! amanges which thair was one quhairof befoir no mentioun is maid.

Efter that the Quene and Counsall of England had concluded to send thair army into Scotland, for expelling of the Frenche, the Duke of Northfolk was sent to Berwyk,? with full instructionis, power, and commissioun, to do in all thingis concerning the present effaris of Scotland, as mycht the Quene and Counsellis in thair awin personis®? do.

Heirupoun the — said Duke requyred sicke a pairt of the Lordis of Scotland, as had power and commissioun from the whole, to meet him at suche day and place as pleised thame to appoint.

This advertissement came first to Glaskow, by the meanis of the Maister of Maxwell.

Quhilk redd and considdered by the Lordis, conclusioun was takin, that thei wald meitt at Carleill;* and that was the procurement of the said Maister of Maxwell, for his ease.

Heirupoune war letteris direct fra the Lordis, lyeing in Glaskow, to Lord James, requyring him, with all possible expeditioun, to repair towardis thame for the purpois foirsaid.

Which letteris redd and advised upoun, commandment was gevin to Jhone Knox to mak the answer: For so it was apin Haynes's Collection of Original State

Papers, from the Cecil or Burghley 2The Queen's letter to Sadler, intimating the appointment of the Duke

1 In MS. 1566, "holye;" in MS. G, " hail."

Papers. (Lond. 1740, folio.) Sir Ralph Sadler has also preserved several other letters of a less public nature: see note by Sir Walter Scott, in Sadler, vol. i. p. 718. of Norfolk as Lord Lieutenant in the Northern Counties, is dated the last of December 1559.

He arrived at Newcastle on the 6th or 7th of January.

The whole of his correspondence with the Privy Council of England, while he exercised that office, has been printed 3 Jn MS. G, " thair awin proper persons."

4 The town of Carlisle.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. pointed at the devisioun of the Lordis, that he should answer for the pairte of thoise that war in Fyffe ; and Maister Henrye

Balnaves for the pairte of thame that abaide at Glaskow.

The said Jhone answered as followis:— "To tHE Lorp DuxE HIS GRACE, AND THE LorDIS

AT GLASKOW.

" Arter humill commendatioun of my service.

Albeit I have writtin ofter then anes to Mr. Henrye Balnaves, what thingis have myslyked me in youre slaw proceideings, alsweill in supporting youre brethrein, quho many dayes have susteined extreame danger in these pairtes, as in making provisioun how the ennemye mycht have bein annoyed,! quho lay in few nomber nye to youre quarteris in Striveling; and in making lykewayis provisioun, how the expectatioun of your freindis, quho long have awaited for youre answer, mycht have bein satisfied ;—Albeit, (I say,) that of thoise thingis I have befoire complained, yet of verry conscience, I am compelled to signifie unto youre Honoris, that onless of these, and other inormiteis,

I sall espye some redress, I am assured that the end shalbe suche as godlie men shall murne, that ane good cause shall perishe for lack of wisdome and diligence.

In my last letteris to Mr. Henrye Balnaves, I declared, that youre especiall freindis in England wounder that no gritter expeditioun is maid, the weycht of the mater being considdered.

Gif the falt be in the Lord Duke, and his freindis, I wrait also, that the greatest loss should be his and thairs in the end.

And now, I can nott cease, boyth to wonder and lament, that youre hoile Counsall was so destitute of wisdome and discretioun as to charge this poore man, the Priour,2 to come to you to Glaskow, and thairefter to go to Carleill, for suche effearis as ar to be entreated.

Was thair none amangis you, quho did foirsee 1 In the MS. of 1566, "anoyned;"

2 Lord James Stewart, Prior of St.

MS. G. has " anoyit."

Andrews: see vol, i. p. 249, note 5.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

quhat inconvenientis mycht insew his absence frome these partis?

I cease to speake of the dangeris in the ennemy.

Youre freindis have lyen in the Frith now xv. dayis bypast, (what was thair formar travaill is nott unknawin); thei have never receaved conforte of any man (him only excepted), more then thei had lyen upoun the coast of thair mortall ennemye.

Do ye nott considder, that suche a companye sall neide conforte and provisioun from tyme to tyme?

Remove him, and quho abydeth that cairfullie will travaill in that or any uther wechty materis in these pairtis?

Did ye nott farther considder, that he had begune to meddle with the gentilmen! who had declaired thameselfis unfreindis heirtofoir ; and also that ordour wald have bein tackin for suche as haif bein neutrall: now, be reassoun of his absence, the one shall escaip without admonitioun, and the other shalbe at thair formare libertie ?

I am assured that the ennemye sall nott sleip, neather in that nor in uther effairis, to undermynd you and your hoile caus; and especiallie to hurte this pairt of the countrey to revenge thair formare foly.

Gif none of these formar causses should have moved you to have considered that such a journay (at suche a tyme,) wes nott meet for him, neather yit for thame that must accompany him; yit discreit men wald have considdered, that the men that have lyen in thair jackes, and travailled thair horse continuallie the space of a moneth, requyreth some longer rest, boyth to thame selfis, but especiallie to thair horsses, (befoire thei had bein charged to suche ajourney,) then yitt they have had.

The Priour may, for satisfactioun of your unreasonable myndis, interpryse the purposse; but I am assured, he shall nott be able to have sex honnest men in all Fyiff to accompany him:

And how that eather standis with youre Honoris, or with his safetie, juge ye youre selfis.

But yitt, wonder it is, that ye did nott considder, to quhatt paine and fascherie shall ye putt youre freindis of 1 See notes to pages 7 and 48-4.

THE HISTORY OF

Book III.

England, especiallie the Duke of Northfolke, and his Counsall, whome ye shall caus travaile the most wearesoum and fasschous gaitt that is in England.

In my opinioun, quhosoever gaif you that counsall eather laicked rycht judgement in thingis to be done, or ellis had too much respect to his awin ease, and too small regaird to the travaill and danger of thair bretherein.

A comoun cause requireth a comoun concurrance, and that everie man beare his burdein proportionablie.

But prudent and indifferent men espy the contrair in this caus, especiallie of lait dayis; for the weakest ar maist greavouslie charged, and to quhome the mater maist belongeth, and to quhome justlie greatest burthein is dew, ar exempted in a maner boyth from travaill and expensses.

To speik the mater plainlie, wyse men do wonder what my Lordis Dukis freindis do meane, that thei ar so slaike and backward. in this caus:

In uther actionis, thei have bein judged stout and fordward ; and in this, whiche is the greatest that ever he or thei had in hand, thei appeir destitut bayth of grace and of courage.

I am nott ignorant, that thei that are most inward of his counsall ar ennemyes to God, and thairfoire can nott bot be ennemyes to his cause.

But wounder it is, that he and his uther freindis should nott considder, that the tinsale of this godlie interpryse, shalbe the routing of thame and thair posteritie frome this realme.

Considdering, my Lordis, that by Goddis providence ye ar joyned with the Dukis Grace in this comoun cause, admonishe him plainlie of the danger to cum: will him to beware of the counsale of those that ar plainlie infected with superstitioun, with pryde, and with vennome of particulare proffeit; whiche gif he do not at your admonitioun, he shall smarte, befoir he beware: and gif ye cease to putt him in mynd of his deutie, it may be that, for youre silence, ye shall drynk some portioun of the plague with him.

Tak my plaine speking, as proceeding from him that is nott youre ennemye, being also unceartaine when I shall

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

have occasioun to writt heareafter.

God, the Father of oure Lord Jesus Christ, assist you with the spreit of wisdome and fortitude, that to his glorie, and to youre Lordschipis and oure commoun conforte, ye may performe that thing, which godlie wes ones begun.

Amen.

From Sanctandrois, the vj. of Februare, in haist, 1559.1

(Sic subscribitur,) " Your Lordschipis to command in godliness, oer) ae Upoun the receatt of this letter, and consultatioun had thairapoun, new conclusioun was tackin: to witt, that thei wald viseit the said Duke of Northfolke at Berwyke,? quhair | he was.

Thus far have we digressed fra the style of the Historie, to lett the posteritie that shall follow understand, by quhat instrumentis God wrocht the familiaritie and freindschipe, that after we fand in Ingland.

Now we returne to oure formare Historie.

The pairtis of Fyiff sett at fredome frome the bondage of those bloodie wormes, solempned thankis war gevin, in Sanctandrois, unto God for his mychtie delyverance.

Schorte after the Erlle of Arrane and Lord James, apprehended the Lardis of Wemes, Seafeald, Balgonye, and Durye,? and utheris, that Wishart of Pittarrow, and Henry Balnaves, had been appointed by the whole

1 That is 1559-60.

In MS. G. and Vautr. edit. this letter is dated 'the 6th of Februare in haist."

In the former it is signed, " Your Grace's, &c.— Jounse Knox."

The MS. 1566, makes Council to meet with the Duke of Norfolk at Berwick, on the 28d of that month.

(State Papers, vol. i. p. 704.) 3 In MS. G, "Balgone, Durie;" in MS. 1566, '' Bawgane, Druye."'—Supra page 7, Knox alluding to the ravages committed by the French on the coast of Fife, in the beginning of 1560, says, they did not spare even their own friends, the Lairds of Seafield, Wemyss, it " the 5th of Februarie, in Christ."

2 Thomas Randall wrote to Sadler from Glasgow, on the 10th February 1559-60, mentioning that the Lords of the Congregation had, come to that town to consult; and that Lord James, Lord Ruthven, the Master of Maxwell,

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. assisted the Frenche ; but thei war sett schoirtlie at fredome, upoun suche conditionis as thei mynded never to keape: for sick men have neather fayeth nor honnestie.

Mr. James Balfoure,* who was the greatest practiser, and had drawn the band of the Balfouris, eschaiped.

The Ingliss schippis daylie multiplied, till that thei war able to keape the whole Firth: whairatt the Frenche and Quene Regent, enraged, begane to executt their tirranye upoun the pairtes of Lowthiane that lay neye to Edinburgh.

Lett Mr. David Borthwick witnesse quhat favoris® his wyffe and place of Adenstoun? fand of the Frenche, for all the service that he had maid to the Quene

Regent.

6 Mr. David Borthwick of Lochill was appointed Lord Advocate, and one of the Judges in the Court of Session, on 20th October 1573. He was educated at St. Andrews.

His name occurs among the Determinants, in St. Leonard's College, in 1525.

He probably spent some time on the Continent ; and passed Advocate, lst March 1549.

He was twice married; Marion Blyth, his first wife, died 24th March 1570, (Register of Confirmed Testaments.)

His second wife, Margaret Guthrie, having survived him, married Mr. John Lindesay, second son of Sir David Lindesay of Edzell, and Parson of Menmuir.

According to Scot of Scotstarvet, Borthwick had acquired "many lands in Lothian and Fife, as Balnacreiff, Admiston, Balcarras, and others; but having infeft his son, Sir James, therein in his own time, he rested never till he had sold all." BorthBalmuto, and Balweary.

In reference to the statement in the text, Sir Ralph Sadler, in a letter dated 4th February 1559-60, says, "In Fife, all suche gentlemen as were of any power or creditt, that tooke ony parte with the Franches, as the Lorde of Wymes, the Lorde Bawerye,

Syfeld, Bagonye, and other, have promised their fidelitie, and given pledgis never to stand against the Congregation.

This hath bene the Lord James's action since the Franches cam their way." (State Papers, vol. i. p. 701.)

The persons mentioned by Knox; (using Lord for Laird,) I suppose, were, (1) Sir John Wemyss of Wemyss, the ancestor of Lord Wemyss; (2) George Moutray of Seafield, the ruins of whose castle or tower stands close upon the sea, to the west of Kinghorn; (3) Andrew or Robert Lundie or Lundin of Balgonie, in the parish of Markinch, a property that gives a second title of the Earl of Leven and Melville; and (4) David Durie of Durie, in the parish of Scoonie. This property was afterwards acquired by the father of the eminent lawyer, Sir John Gibson of Durie. wick died in January 1581.

® In the MS. 1566, incorrectly written '"¢ Borwick," and " that favoris."

™JIn MS. G, " Audistoun."

The property of Addiston is in the parish of Ratho.

It now belongs to the Earl of Morton; but the old house, situated on an elevated terrace, was pulled down a few years ago.

4 Afterwards Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich : see notes, vol. i. pp. 202, 235.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

In the middest of Februarie war directed to England, frome the Dukis Grace and the Congregatioun, the Lord James, Lord Ruthven, the Maister of Maxweill, the Maister of Lyndsay, Maister Henrye Balnaves, and the Laird of Pittarrow ; who, with thair honnest cumpanyeis and commissioun, departed by sea, all, except the Maister of Maxwell, to Berwick, whair thair mett thame the Duke of Northfolke, lievetennent to the Quenis Majestie of England, and with him a great company of the gentillmen of the north, with some also of the south, having full power to contract with the nobillitie of Scotland, as that thei did, upoun suche conditionis as in the same Contract are specified.

And becaus we have hard the malicious tounges of wicked men mak false reporte of that our fact, we have faithfullie and trewlie inserted in this oure Historie the said Contract, alsweill thatt whiche was maid at Leyth, during the seige, as that whiche first was maid at Berwick, that the memorie thereof may byde to our posteritie ; to the end that thei may judge with indifference, whither that we have doun ony thing prejudiciall to our comoun wealth, or yitt contrarius unto that debtfull obedience whiche trew subjects aw to thair supperiouris whose authoritie aucht to deffend and mainteine the libertie and fredome of the Realmes committed to thair charge; and nott to oppress and betray the same to strangearis.

The tennour of oure Contract followis :— Tur Contract at BERWICK.

" James Duke oF Cuastetaravtt, Erlle-of Arrane, Lord Hamyltoun, second persone of the realme of Scotland, and appearand [air] to the Croune, the Counsalle, Nobilitie, and principall Estaittis of the same:

To all and sindrie, whais knawlege thir presentis shall come, greitting.

We have weill considerat, and be fullie persuaded in what danger, desolatioun, and miserie, the lang enmytie with the kingdome of Ingland, hath brocht oure Countrey heirtofoir: how wechtie and florish-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ITI. ing it shall become, gif those two kingdomes, as thei be joyned in one Iland by creatioun of the warld, so may be knytt in a constant and assured friendschip:

These considerationis, groundit upoun a most infallible treuth, aucht no less to have moved our progenitouris and foirfatheris then us: but the present danger hanging over oure heades, by the injust dealing of those of whome we have alwayis best deserved, hathe caused us to wey thame more earnestlie then thei did.

The misbehaveour of the Frenche ministeris! heere hathe of laitt zeris beine so greatt ; the oppressioun and crueltie of the soldiouris, the tyranny and ambitioun of thair supperiouris and rewlleris so greavouse to the people; the viollent subversioun of our libertie, and conqueast of the land, whair at thei have by maist craftie and subtile meanes continuallie preassit,? so intollerable to us all, that at last, when we could nott obteane the redresse by humill suitis and earnest supplicationis presented to the Quene Dowager, who bayth for deuties saik and place scho did occupy, aucht to have bene most. cairfull of oure estait ; we have bene by verry necessitie, constrained nott only to assay our awin forces, but also to imploir the Quenis Majestie of England aide and supporte, quhilk hir Majestie hes maist gentillie granted upoun certaine covenantes, specified in ane Treaty, past at Berwick, betuix the Duck of Northfolk his good Grace, Lievtennent for hir Majestie, on that ane pairte, and ceartaine our Commissioneris, on that uther parte:

Whairof the tennour followeth :— " Ar Berwick, the twentie sevin day of Februare, the year of our Lord God J™V° fyftie and nyne yeris.

It is appointed and finallie contracted betwix the noble and mychtie Prince, Tomas Duxz or Norruroixg, Erlle Marschell of England, and lievtennent to the Quenis most excellent Majestie of the said realme, in the name and behalf of hir Hienes, on the one

1In Vautr. edit., ""Frenche monsters."

2 In MS. 1566, " pressed."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

pairte, and the rycht honorable Lord James Stewart,! Patrik Lord Ruthven, Sir Jhone Maxweill of Terreglis knycht, William Maitland of Lethingtoun younger, Jhone Wischarte of Pittarrow, and Maister Henry Balnaves of Halhill, in the name and behalf of the noble and mychtie Prince,

James Duke of Chasteaularault, second persone of the realme of Scotland, and the remanent Lordis? of his parte, joyned with him in this cause, for the mainteanance and defence of the ancient rychtes and liberteis of thair countrey, on the other parte, in Forme as heireafter followeth:

That is to say, That the Quenis Majestie, having sufficientlie understanded, alsweill by information sent from the Nobilitie of Scotland, as by the [manifest] proceadings of the Frenche, that thei intend to conqueir the realme of Scotland, suppress the liberties thairof, and unite the same unto the Croune of France perpetuallie, contrarie to the Lawis of the same Realme, and to the pactis, aithes, and promisses of France; and being thairto most humblie and earnestlie requyred by the said Nobilitie, for and in name of the hole Realme, shall accept? the said

Realme of Scotland, the said Duke of Chasteaularault being declared by Act of Parliament in Scotland to be heyre appearand to the Croun thairof, and the Nobilitie and Subjectis thairof, unto her Majesties protection and meantenance, onlie for preservatioun of the same in thair auld fredomes and liberties, and frome conquest during the tyme that the mariage shall continue betwix the Queen of Scottis and the Frenche

King, and ane yeare efter: and for expelling out of the samin realme of suche as presentlie and appearandlie goeth about to practise the said conqueist ; hir Majestie shall with all speid send unto Scotland a convenient aide of men of warr,

1 Knox's amanuensis here introduces, copied in MS. G, are omitted in Vautr. as a parenthetical explanation, "Now edit.

Erve or Muray," a clear. proof of this 2In Rymer, &c., "the remanent of portion of the MS. having been tranthe rest of the Lordis." scribed before 1570.

These words, also 3 In MS. 1566, "except."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. on horse and foote, to joyne with the poware of Scottis men, with artelzearie, munitioun, and all uther instrumentes of warr meitt for the purpoise, alsweill by sea as by land, nott onlye to expell the present poware of Frenche within that realme, oppressing the same, bot also to stopp, als far as convenientlie may be, all greater forces of Frenche to enter thairin for the lyke purpose; and shall continue hir Majesties aide to the said realme, Nobilitie, and Subjectis of the same, unto the tyme the Frenche (being ennemyes to the said realme) be utterlie expelled hence; And shall never transact, compone, nor aggrie with the Frenche, nor conclude any leigue with thame, except the Scottis and the Frenche shalbe agereit, that the Realme of Scotland may be left in dew fredome by the Frenche ; Nor shall leave the maintenance of the said Nobilitie and Subjectis, quhairby thei mycht fall as ane pray unto thair ennemeis handis, alse lang as thei shall acknowlege their Soveraine Lady and Quene, and shall indure thameselfis to mainteine the libertie of thair country, and the estait of the Croun of Scotland: And if in caise any fortis or strenthis within the realme be wonne out of the handis of the Frenche at this present, or at any tyme heareafter, by hir Majesties aide, the same shalbe immediatlie demolished by the Scottis men, or delyvered to the said Duck and his partie foirsaid, at thair optioun and choise; neather shall the power of England fortifie within the ground of Scotland, being out of the boundis of England, but be the advyse of the said Duck, Nobilitie, and Estaites of Scotland.

" For the quhilkis causses, and in respect of hir Majesties most gentle clemencie and liberalle supporte, the said Duck, and all the Nobillitie, alsweill suche as be now joyned, as suche as shall heireafter joyne with him for defence of the libertie of that Realme, shall, to the utermaist of thair powar, aide and supporte hir Majestie's arme aganis the Frenche, and thair partaikaris, with horse men, and foote

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

men, and with victuallis, by land and by sea, and with all maner of uther ayde to the best of thair powar, and so shall continue during the tyme that hir Majesties armye shall remaine in Scotland.

Item, Thei shalbe ennemyes to all such Scottis men and Frenche, as shall in anywyse shaw thame sclfis ennemyes to the realme of Ingland, for the aiding and supporting the said Duck and Nobilitie, to the delyverie of the Realme of Scotland frome conqueist.

Item, Thei shall never assent nor permitt, that the Realme of Scotland shalbe conquered, or utherwyse knett to the Croun of France, then it is at this present only by mariage of the Quene thair Soveraine to the Frenche King, and by the lawes and liberties of the Realme, as it aucht to be.

Item, In caise the Frenche men shall, at any tyme heirafter, invaid, or caus to be invaded, the realme of England thei shall fournishe the nomber of twa thousand horsmen and twa thousand! footmen, at the least, or suche parte of ather of thame, at the choise of the Quenes Majestie of England ; and shall conduct the same to pas frome the Bordaris of Scotland nixt Ingland, upon hir Majesties charges, to anie pairte upoune the realme of England, for the defence of the same.

And in caise the invasioun be upon the northe partes of England, on the northe parte of the water of Tyne, to wardis Scotland, or against Berwick, on the north syd of the water of Tweid, thei shall convent and gather thair haill forces upon thair awin charges, and shall joyne with the Ingliss poware, and shall contenew in goode and earnest prosecutioun of the quarrell of England, during the space of thretty dayis, or so muche langer as thei ware accustumed to tarye in the feildis for defence of Scotland, at the commandiment of thair Soverane, at any tyme bypast.

And also, the Erlle of Argyle, Lord Justice of Scotland, being 1JTn MS. 1566, " ane thousand;" MS. G. has " 200 horsemen and 1000 foot."

VOLS.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. presentlie joyned with the said Duck, shall employe his force and good will, whair he shalbe requyred by the Quenes Majestie, to reduce the north pairtis of Ireland to the perfyte obedience of England, conforme to ane mutualle and reciproque contract, to be maid betwix hir Majesties lieutenent or depute of Ireland being for the tyme, and the said Erlle; quhairin shalbe conteaned what he shall do for his parte, and quhatt the said lieutennent, or depute, shall do for his supporte, in caise he shall have to do with James Mackonnell,! or ony utheris of the Iyles of Scotland, or realme of Ireland; for performance and sure keaping whairof, thei shall for thair pairte enter to the foirsaid Duck of Northfolk the plaiges presentlie named by him, befoire the entrie of hir Majesties armye in Scottis ground, to remaine in England for the space of six monethis, and to be exchanged upoun delyverance of new hostages, of lyke or als goode conditioun as the formare; or being the lauchfulle sones, bretheren, or heires of ony of the Erlles or Baronis of Parliament, that have, or hereinafter schaw thame selfis, and persist open ennemyes to the Frenche in this quarrell; and so forth, from sex monethis to sex monethis, or foure monethis to foure monethis, as shall best pleis the partie of Scotland; and the tyme of continuance of the hostages salbe during the marriage of the Quene of Scottis to the Frenche King, and ane yeare efter the dissolutioun of the by the house of Argyle."

It is further added, that '" Anne Cambell, halfe 517) calls him, "James M'Donell," and 1 In the Cotton. MS., ' Monneil."

Sadler (State Papers, vol. i. pp. 431, syster to the aforesayde Erle, the wife to the Sherif of Bute, by whome she was hardlie entreated; .

. by reason of her hard usadge jorneyinge towards Argeile, she was intercepted by the said James, and marryed; by whome she had five sonnes and a daughter."

(Miscellany of the Maitland Club, vol. iv. p. 44.) As James Stewart, Sheriff of Bute, had lawful issue by a second marriage, he probably had obtained a divorce from his first wife.

"« Macconnell," and says, 8th Sept. 1559, that the Queen Regent had endeavoured to stir him, '' and others of the Scottish

Irishrie, against the Erle of Argyle," to prevent Argyle from rendering aid to his associates, the Lords of the Congregation.

In a Report on the state of the West Isles of Scotland drawn up by the Dean of Limerick, in 1595 or 1596, James M'Connell is specially mentioned as having been "holden in great jealousie

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

said marriage, untill farder ordour may be had betwix boyth the realmes for peace and concorde.

And, farder more, the said Duck, and all the Nobilitie, being Erlles and Barronis of Parliament, joyned with him, shall subseryve and seall these Articles and comptis within the space of xx or threttie dayis, at the uttermost, nixt following the day of the delyverance of the said hostages ; and shall also procure and persuad all utheris of the Nobilitie that shall joyne thame selfis heirefter with the said Duck, for the causses above specified, lykwyis to subscryve and seall these articles at any tyme efter the space of twentie dayis efter thair conjunctioun, upoun requisitioun maid to thame on the partie of the Quenes Majestie of England.

And, finallie, the said Duck, and the Nobilitie joyned © with him, certainlie perceaving, that the Quenis Majestie of England is thairunto moved onlie upoun respect of princelie honour and nychtbourehead, for the defence of the fredome of Scotland from conqueist, and not of any uther sinister intent, doeth by these presentis testifie and declair, that [neither] thai, nor any of thame, meane by this compt to wythdraw ony dew obedience to thair Soveraine Lady the Quene, nor in any lefull thing to withstand the Frenche

King, hir husband and head, that during the marriage shall nott tend to the subversioun and oppressioun of the just and ancient liberties of the said kingdome of Scotland; for preservatioun whairof, boyth for thair Soveranis honour, and for the continuance of the kingdome in ancient estait, thei acknowlege thameselfis bound to spend thair guidis, landis, and lyves.

And for performance of this present Contract for the part of England, the Quenes Majestie shall confirme the same, and all clauses thairinto contained, by hir letteris patentis, under the Great Seall of England, to be delyvered to the Nobilitie of Scotland, upon the entress of the pledges afoirsaid within the ground of England.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

[In witnes wheirof, the Commissionaris for the Ducke of Chasteaularault and Nobilitie of Scotland befoir named, haif subscryved these presentis, and thereunto affixed their seales, the day, zeare, and place afoirsaidis :—

JAMES STEWART.

Parrick L. RurHwen.

JOHNE MAxwELL.

W. Marrianp.

JHONE WYSHART.

Henricus BaLnaveEs. | In witnes quhairof, the said Duck his Grace of Northfolke,' hath subscryved these presentis, and thairinto affixit his seall, the day, yeare, and place foirsaid.

[THo. NorFFOLK. ] Whiche Contract we find honest, reassonable, and that our saidis Commissioneris thair hathe consideratlie respected to 1 Knox has here inserted the Articles of the Convention at Berwick, 27th February 1559-60, as confirmed by the Duke of Chattclherault, at Leith, 10th May 1560, " after the incoming of the English armies," (Calderwood's Hist. vol. i. p. 578.) In this confirmation the signatures of the Scotish Commissioners of these Articles, from a minute endorsed by Secretary Cecil, and printed among the Burghley State Papers, p.

253, omits the testing clause altogether.

In the same volume, there is a letter from the Duke of Norfolk to the Privy Council, last of February, stating,— " that these three daies have we been in conference and consultation with the Lords of Scotland, upon this great and weighty matter."

Copies of this Convention are also preserved among the Cotton. MSS. Calig. B. ix. fol. 34, and B. x. fol. 69.

The Commission, dated 29th March 1560, added to one of these MSS., has the following marginal note by Sir Robert Cotton :—" It seems by the Commission given by the Queen for confirmation of these Articles, dated in the month of March following, that this treaty was concluded before the Queen would openly profess herself a party, which is to be noted." to the Articles are omitted, as the copy it embodied was that exchanged with the said Commissioners, and attested by Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Ear] Marischal of England, as Commissioner from Queen Elizabeth.

The original Articles, with the signatures of the Scotish Commissioners, as given in the text above, along with the clause enclosed within brackets, are inserted in Rymer's Foedera, etc., vol. xy. p. 569; edit. 1740, vol. vi. par. iv. p. 95, under this title, " Conventiones Scotorum contra Reginam Unionem Francie et Scotiz designantem, et pro Defensione contra Francos." A copy

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

the comoun wealth of this realme, of us, and our posteritie ; and thairfoire do ratifie, allow, confirme, and approve the same, with all clauses and articles thairin contained, by thir presentis.

In witnes heirof, to the same subscryved with our handis, our seallis of armes, in sick caises accustomed, are appended.

At the camp foiranent Leyth, the tent day of May, the year of God J™ V° and thriescoir yearis.

(Follow the Subscriptionis. +) Tue Duck or CHAstTEAv-

ERLE OF ARGYLE.

THE

SUBSORIP-

TIONIS.

LARAULT.

Lorp BortHwick.

Ear

LE oF ARRANE.

Lorp JAMES STEWARTE.

Earxe oF Hunt iz.

Lorp oF Sanct JHONE.

EARLE OF GLENCARNE.

ALEXANDER GORDOUN.

Earze oF Mortoun.

Lorp JHONE or ABEREar e or Roruess.

BROTHOK. 2

Ear Le oF Mounteitu.

Lorp Boyne.

Lorp OGULVIE.

Lorp SoMMERVAILL.

Lorp OcHILTRIF.

Aspor or Kintoss.

Lorp Ropert STEWARTE.

ABBOT OF CULROSS.

Gawin HamMyLTouN OF JAMES STEWART OF Sancr Kitwyyina.?

Cotmes Incuex.*

Tur INSTRUCTIONIS GEVIN, SUBSCRYVIT

TO THE

SAID CoMMIS-

SIONARIS [THAT WENT TO BrRWICK, AR THIR AS]> FOLLOW:—

Anp for the first, Gif it shalbe askyt of yow be the said Duck of Northfolk his Grace, and otheris, [by] the Quenes Ma1 These Subscriptions obviously ex- > Commendator of Kilwinning. hibit the names and not the actual sig- * Commendator of the Monastery of natures of the Subscribers.

Inchcolm, or St. Colme's Inch.

2 Lord John Hamilton, Commendator 5 The words enclosed in brackets, are of Aberbrothock. supplied from MS. G.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. jesties appointment, appointed Commissionaris, gif our pledges be in reddines?

Ye shall answer, that thei ar, and in Sanctandrois, the xxiiij of this instant, and shalbe reddy to delyver in hostages for securitie of our promisses, and part of contract, thei offering and macking securitie for thair part by the Quenes Majesties subscriptioun and great sealle, and delyvering the same unto you; provyding that thei chuse and mack thair electioun of the pledges as is convenient.

Secoundlie, Gif the saidis Commissionaris shall demand of yow, what interpryse the armye of England shall tak upoun hand at thair first incumminges? Ye shall answer, in generall the expulsioun of the Frenches soldiouris furth of this realme: and first and in specialle furth of the toun of Leyth, seing thair great forces ar thair.

3. Item, Gif it shalbe askit of yow, at what place our freindis and bretherin of England shalbe mett, and what day, what nomber, and what Nobill men in cumpany? Ye shall referr all those thingis to thair electioun and choise.

4. Item, Gif it shalbe askit of yow how the armyes shalbe fournissed with victuallis, and especiallie the horse men?

Ye shall answer, that with thair advyses ane sufficient order shalbe tackin thairin.

5. Item, Gif it be requyred, how the munitioun shalbe carryed, and oxen furnissed to that effect?

Ye shall answer, as we have gevin in commissioun to Lethingtoun, quhilk we ratifie.

6. Item, Gif it beis asked, wha shalbe Lievtennent to the armie of Scotland?

Ye shall answer, my Lord Duckes Grace.

7. Item, Gif it shalbe inquyred, what nomber our haill armye extendis to? Ye shall answer, thai will, God-willing, be fyve thousand men.

8. Item, Gif it shalbe askit, what maner of way Leyth shalbe assaulted? Ye shall desyre all preparationis to be in reddenes, and the advyse to be taine after the placing of the armyes and view of the strenth schoirtlie.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

9. Item, Gif it shalbe askit of the Castell of Edinburgh, gif thei will stand freindis or nott? Ye shall declair our diligence maid, and to be maid schoirtlie heirinto; but for the present can assure thame of nothing.

10. Item, Gif it beis askit, in caise the Castell be unfriend, whair the armye shalbe placed? Ye shall ansueir, for the first in Musselburgh and Tranent, and thei partis, till the battery, and all preparationis be in reddenes.

11. Item, In caise it beis inquyred of all bye-lyeris, and in speciall of my Lord Huntlie, in the North?

Ye shall ansueir in generall, ane' goode hope is had of the maist pairt thairof ; and tuiching my Lord of Huntlie in speciale, ye shall schaw how he hes send writtingis to my Lord of Arrane, with ane servand in creddite, to assure him of his assistance ; and for that caus hes desyred letteris of suspensioun of the Quene

Dowageris commissioun, to be send to him, to be usit by him in thei partis, and utheris letteris to arreist the Clergies rentis and her's! boyth in thei partis, with proclamationis to cause all men to be in reddines to pass foruardis, for maintening of the religioun and expulsioun of strangeris.

My Lord hes writtein to him, that he may come to him in proper persone, whairof the answer is nott returned as yitt.

12. Item, Gif it shalbe askit, the place and maner of meiting of oure folkis, or of us and thame, in caise Striveling be kept?

We referr the ansueir heirof to youre discretionis.

13. Item, Gif it shalbe askit that thair layed money shall have passage for thair viveris?

Ye shall reasoun the commoditie and incommoditie thairof with the Counsale.?

14. Item, Gif it shalbe askit, what pioneris shalbe had? Ye shall answer, the nomber being expressed, and money be in reddenes to seld? thame, thei shall have sufficientlie.

1 In MS. 1566, " hires;"

MS. G, 3 Tn. MS.G, "to pay ;" in Vautr. edit.

" hyres."

"to sell," and in both copies, " have 2Tn Vautr. edit. "the Comishall." sufficiencic," at.the end of the sentence.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

15. Item, Gif thei shall desyre that we declair our cause unto the Princes of Alamagne, and the King of Denmarke, desyring thair assistance?

Ye shall answere, that we think the same good, and shall speedelie tak ordour thairwith.

16. Item, Gif it shalbe askit of yow to confirme for us, and in oure name, the thingis past and granted be oure formare

Commissionare the young Laird of Lethingtoun? Ye shall in all poyntis for us, and in oure name, confirme the same, sa far as it shall mak either for the weill and conjunctioun of the twa realmes, or this present cause, or yitt for the securitic of oure pairt for fulfilling of the samein: and also, ye shall accept thair offeris, tending to the same fyne, and sic securitie on that parte, as ye may purchese, and espcciallie sic as we heirtofoir exprimit.

Gevin at Glaskow, the tent of Februar 1559.

Item, We gif and grantis you full power to augment, or diminische thir saidis heidis and Articles, as ye think the weall of the cause sall requyre in all pointis.

JOHNNE OF Menvrerru.

JAMES HAMYLTOUN.

ANDRO OF RorTHEss.

ALEX". GORDOUN.

Rk. Boyp.

Ar". ERGYLE.

WitiraMe Murray of Tulli-

GLENCARNE.

bardin.

VCHILTRE.

JOHNNE Ersxkin of Dun.

James HaLipurroun.

Schort efter this Contract, war oure pledgeis delyverit to Maister Winter, Admirall of the Navye, that came to Scotland, aman of great honestie, sua far as ever we could espy of him, quha war saiflie convoyit to New Castell.

And sua the Ingliss 1The names of these Commissioners ander Gordon, Bishop of Galloway, and are mostly well known:—John Eaxl of Commendator of Inchaffray, Archibald Menteith, Andrew Earl of Rothes, RoLEarlof Argyle, Alexander Earl of Glenbert Lord Boyd, Sir William Murray of cairn, Andrew Lord Ochiltre, and James Tullibardine, John Erskine of Dun, JHalyburton, Provost of Dundce.

James Hamilton Harl of Arran, Alex-

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

army began to assembill towardis the Bordour; quhairof the Frensche and Quene Regent assurit, thay began to distroy quhat thay could in the tounis and cuntrey about; for the haill victuallis they careit to Leith; the mylnes thay brak ; the scheip, oxin, and kyne, yea, the horse of poore lauboraris, thay maid all to serve thair tyrannye.

And, fynallie, they left na thyng quhilk the verray ennemeis could have deyvisit, except that thay demolischit not gentilmenis housses, and brunt not the toune of Edinburgh: in quhilk poynt, God brydillit thair furye, to lett his afflictit understand that he tuik eair for thame.

Befoir the cuming of the land armye, the Frensche past to Glasgu, and distroyit the cuntrey thair about.

Quhat Qe ven tyrannye the Martyckis! usit upone ane poore Scottis suldiour, sarryoxrs. it is feirfull to heir, and yitt his fact may not be omittit.

Silver wald thay gif nane to the poore men, and sua war thay slow to depairt of the toun; for albeit the drum struik, the enseingze could not be gottin.

Thair was ane poore craftis man, quha haid bocht for his victuallis ane gray laif, and was eitting ane morsell of it, and was putting the rest of it in his bosome.

The tyranne cam to him, and with the poore catyveis awin quhynger first straik him in the breist, and after cast it at him, and sua the poore man, stagring and falling, the mercyless tyranne ran him through with his rapper, and thairefter commandit him to be hingit ower the stair.

Lord, thow wilt yitt Juik, and recompense sick tyrrannye ; how contemptable that ever the persoun was!

The secunde of Aprile, the yeir of God, J™ V° and threscoir yeiris, the army be land enterit in Scotland, the conducting quhairof was commitit to the Lord Gray," quha haid in his company the Lord Scrope, Sir James Croftis, Sir Hary Peircey,

1 See supra, page 12, note 1. himself on several occasions, and who, 2 William Lord Gray de Wilton, "a in 1559, was appointed Warden of the gallant warrior," who distinguished Middle and Eastern Marches.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Sir Francis Laike, with mony uthir capitaneis and gentilmen having charge, sum of futmen, sum of horsmen.

The armye be land was esteimit to ten thowsand men.

The Quene Regent past to the Castell of Edinburgh,! and sum utheris of hir factioun.2

At Prestoun met thame the Duckes Grace, the Erle of Argyle, (Huntlie came not till that the seige was confirmit,) Lord James, the Erlles of Glencairne and Menteith,

Lordis Ruthwen, Boyd, Ochiltre, with all the Protestantis gentilmen of the West Fyffe, Anguss, and Mearneis.

Swa that for few dayis the armye was greit.

Efter the deliberatioun of twa dayis had at Enneresk,? the haill camp marchit fordwart with ordinance, and all preparatioun necessar for the seige, and came to Restalrig upoun the Palme Sunday Evin.* The Frensche haid put tham1 Tn a letter to Sadler, Randall writes on the 25th January 1559-60,—" It is thought that the Quene Douagier shalbe received very shortlie into the Castell of Edinburgh, for any travaile that can of the Quenis Grace to Monsr. Labroce, rynnand all the nycht."

On the last of January, the Queen herself received the sum of £250.

The actual date when the Queen passed from Holyrood House to the Castle, was the Ist of April.

(Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. 56, 274.) be to the contrarie, with her onlie howsholde servaunts and gentlewoomen."

Two months later, on the 28th March 1560, he says, "It hath been longe in doubte whether the Quene Douagier woolde either to the Castell of Edinburgh or to Lythe; it is saide, that it is now resolved, that it will to the Castell this daye."—(State Papers, vol. i. pp.

696, 712.) That the Queen had the purpose of entering the Castle at the time first specified, is evident from an incidental notice in the Treasurer's Accounts of his having paid £8 on the 26th

January 1559-60, " to Maister Johne Balfour, for transporting of the Quenis Grace cofferis fra the Abbay of Halierudhous to the Castell of Edinburgh."

2 The chief persons who remained in the Castle of Edinburgh with the Queen Regent, were John Hamilton, Archbishop of St. Andrews, William Earl

Marischal, William Chisholm, Bishop of Dunblane, Robert Crichton, Bishop of Dunkeld, Abraham Crichton, Provost of the Church of Douglass, and James Makgill, Clerk-Register.—(Lesley's History, p. 284; Diurnal of Occurrents, p274; Holinshed's Chronicles, &c.) ?In MS. G, " Inneresk;" in Vautr. edit., " Enresk."

The village of Inveresk may be said to form part of Musselburgh, and is situated on the east side of the River Esk, near its confluence with the Frith of Forth, about six miles from Edinburgh.

On the same day, a messenger was sent "with clois writtingis of the Quenis Grace to Monsr. Dosell;" and two days later 17s. was paid " to anc boy passand of Edinburgh, with clois writtingis

4 Saturday, the 6th of April, was the eve of Palm Sunday.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

selffis in battell array upoun the Linkis without Leith, and had send furth thair skyrmissaris ; quha begynning befoir ten houris, contyneuit skyrmissing till efter foure houris at efter none, quhan thair was gevin upone thame ane charge be sum horsmen of Scotland, and sum of Yngland.

Bot because the principall Capitane of the horsmen of Yngland was not present, the haill troupis durst not charge; and swa was not the owerthraw and slawchter of the Frensche sa greit as it anis appeirit to haif bene; for the greit battell was anis at the trote ; bot quhen thay persevit that the greit force of the horsemen stuid still, and chargeit not, thay returnit and gaif sum rescourse to thair fallowis that fled; and swa thair fell onlie in that defait about three hundreth Frenschmen.

God wald nocht gif the victorie swa suddanlie, leist that man sould glorye in his awin strenth.

The small victorie that was gottin, putt baith the Yngliss and Scottis in ower greit securitie, as the ischew declairit.

The Frensche inclosit within the toun, the Yngliss armye began to plant thair palyeanis! betwix

Leith and Restalrig.2

The ordinance of the toun, and especiallie that quhilk lay upoun Sanct Anthonies Stepill? did to shoote at Sanct Anthonyes steeple in Leith, upon the which steeple the Frenche had monted som artillerie, which was very noisome to the campe; bot within a few hours after, the said steeple was broken and shott dounc; likewise they shott doune some part of the east end of the kirk of Leith."

1In MS. G, and Vautr. edit., " pavilliones."

2 The village of Restalrig lies about a-mile to the south-east of Leith.

3 The building thus converted by the French troops into a place of defence, was the Hospital or Preceptory of St.

Anthony, founded by Robert Logan of Restalrig, in 1435.

It stood near the Kirkgate Street, at the south-west corner of what is still called St. Anthony's

Wynd; and is said to have been the only establishment in Scotland belonging to the Canons of St. Anthony.

During the siege in May 1560, the building was probably nearly all demolished.

(Historie of the Estate of Scotland, in the Wodrow Miscellany, vol. i. p. 84.) Another old authority states,—" Upon the 20th day [of April] the principell blokhous within Leith, callit St Anthonies Kirk, was dung doun with cannones, and also the High Street where the viveris (provisions) lay, and many uther houssis upon the east syd of the toun."—(Lindesay of Pitscottie's Chronicles.)

On the 17th of that month, the English troops having raised earthen mounds for their great ordinance, " beganne

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. thame greit annoyance: aganist quhilk place war bent aucht cannounis, quhilkis schott sa continewallie, and sua just, that within few dayis, that Stepill was condemnit, and all the ordinance that was on it dismontit, quhilk maid the Ynglismen sum quhat mair negligent than it became guid men of war to have bene; for persaiving that the Frensche maid na persute without thair wallis, they tuik oppinioun that they wald never ishe mair, and that maid sum of the Capitanis for pastyme, go to the toun:! the soldiouris, for thair ease, did lay thair armour besyde thame, and, as men without daingear, fell to the dice and cairtis.

And sua, upoun the Pasche Mononday,? at the verray hour of noon, the Frenche ischeit baith on horse and fute, and with greit violence, enterit in to the Yngliss trynscheis, slew and putt to flycht all that was fund thairin.

The watche was negligentlie keipit, and so was the succourse slow, and lang in cuming; for the Frenche, befoir that any resistance was made unto thame, approcheit hard to the greit ordinance.

Bot than the horsmen troupit togidder, and the futemen gat thameselffis in array, and sua repulsit the Frenche back agane to the toun.

Bot the slauchter was greit: sum sayis it doubill exceidit that quhilk the Frenche resavit the fyrst day.

And this was the frute of thair securitie and oures, quhilk efter was remeidit ; for the Ynglismen maist wyslie considdering thame selfis not abill to beseige the toun round about, devysit to mak montis at dyverse quarteris of it, in the quhilk thay and thair ordinance lay in as gude strenth as thay did within the toun.

The common soldiouris keipit the trynscheis, and had the said montis for thair saifgaird and refuge, in case of any greiter persute than thay war abill to sustene.

The patience and stowt curage of the Englismen, bot principallie of the horsmen, is worthy of all prayse: for, quhair was it ever hard that aucht thousand 1MS. G. has " go upe to the toun of * Haster Monday fell on the 15th of Edinburgh."

April.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

(thay never exceidit that number that lay in camp) sould beseige four thousand of the maist despairit throt-cuttaris that were to be found in Europe, and lye sua neir unto thame in daylie skyrmissing, the space of thre monethis and mair.

The horsmen nycht and day keipit watche, and did sa valiantlie behaif thameselffis, that the Frenche gatt na advantage fra that day back to the day of the assault, quhairof we shall schortlie heir.

In this meanetyme was this uther Band made of all the Nobilitie, Barronis, and Gentilmen, professing Chryst Jesus in Scotland, and of dyveris utheris that joynit with us, for expelling of the Frenche army; amangis quham, the Erle of Huntlie was principal].

The Band followis :— {Ane Conrract or THE Lorps AND Barons, TO DEFEND THE LipeRty OF THE EVANGELL or Curist.

]1 Ar Epinpurau, the xxvij day of Aprile, the yeir of God ane thousand fyve hundreth threescoir yeiris: We, quhais namis ar underwrittin, haif promittit and oblist oure selffis faithfullie, in the presens of oure God, and be thir presentis promittis, that we altogidder in generall, and every ane of us in speciall, be him selff, with oure bodeis, guidis, freyndis, and all that we may do, sall sett fordwart the Reformatioun of Religioun, according to Goddes word; and procure, be all meanis possibill, that the treuth of Goddes

1 In the MS. copies of Knox, this adopted. It was reprinted in the AppenBand of Association by the Lords and dix to Crawfurd's Officers of State, p.

Barons of Scotland, for setting forward 444; and in Keith's History, vol. i. the Reformation, is simply entitled, p.273.

In all these copies, as well as "The Last Band at Leyth."

It was in Knox, the names of the Lords and printed " from the Original" at HamilBarons who subscribed the Band are ton Palace, by Bishop Burnet, in his omitted.

A contemporary copy in the History of the Reformation, vol. iii. p.

British Museum, among the Harleian 287.

It was probably not very accuMSS. (No. 289. fol. 70.) has enabled me rately transcribed, but some slight corto supply this important omission. rections from that work have been

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. word may haif free passage within this Realme, with due administratioun of the sacramentis, and all thingis depending upoun the said word:

And siclik, deiplie weying with oure selfis the misbehavour of the Frenche Ministeris heir ; the intollerabill oppressiouns commitit be the Frenche men of weir upon the poore subjectis of this Realme, by meyntenance of the Quene Dowager, under cullour and pretence of authoritie ; the tyrannye of thair Capitanis and leadaris ; and manifest danger of conqueist, in quhilk this countrey presentlie standis, be reasoun of dyverse fortificatiouns upoune the sea-coast ; and uther novelties of lait attemptit be thame ; promittis, that We sall, als weill every ane with uther, as altogidder, with the Quene of Englandis armie, presentlie cumit in for oure delyverance, effectuallie concur and joyne togidder, taiking anefald plane pairt,! for expulsioun of the said strangeris, oppressouris of oure libertie, furth of this Realme, and recovery of oure ancient fredomis and liberteis; to the end, that in tyme cuming, we may, under the obedience of the Kyng and Quene our Soveranis, be onlie rewllit be the lawis and customeis of the cuntrey, and borne men of the land: And that never ane of us sall haif pryvey intelligence be writting, message, or communicatioun with ony of oure saidis ennemeis or adversareis in this cause, bot be the advise of the rest (at least of fyve) of the Counsale.

Attour, that we sall tender the commun cause, as gif it war the cause of everie ane of us in particular; and that the causses of everie ane of us now joinit togidder, being leifull and honest, sall be all oure causses in generall: And he that is ennemy to the causses foirsaid, sall be ennemy to us all: in sa far, that quhatsoever persone will planelie resist thir oure godlie interpryseis, and will not concur as 'In MS. G, "taking and hald plain "taking one fold and plain part of the parte;" Vautr. edit. has "take and expulsion." holde ane playne parte."

In Burnet,

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

ane guid and trew member of this Common weill, we sall fortifie the auctoritie of the Counsale, to reduce thame to thair dewitie.

Lyke as we sall fortifie the auctoritie foir- = ked ea said of the Counsale, in all thyngis tending to the furtherance CAva in" of the saidis causses:

And gif ony particular debait, quarrell, or contrayersie, sall arryse, for quhatsoever cause, bygane, present, or to cum, betwix ony of us, (as God forbid,) in that caise, we shall submit our selfis and oure saidis questionis, to the decisioun of the Counsale, or to arbitratouris to be namit? be thame.

And providing alwayis, that this be not prejudiciall to the ordinarie jurisdictioun of Judgeis, but that men may persew thair actiouns by ordour of law civilie or criminallie, befor the Judges Ordinaris3 gif thai please.

[In wytnes of the quhilk we have subscrivit this present Band with our hands, day, zeir, and place above wryttine.

J AMES.

James STEWART.

JamMEs HAMMYLTON.

JHonN Montey'.

HUNTLEY.

RutHweEn.

Ar". ARGILL.

R. Boyp.

GLENCARN.

OGYLWYE.

RotHEs.

VCHILTREE.

Morrown.

JHON MAXvEL.

A. GoRDOoUN.

Patryk Lynpsay.

JHON MaisteR PHOoRBES.

James Jounson, Apparand Pogo Lorp SoMERWELL.

EL ea ie Jamus Hatysurroun.

Parryk Dowat.ass.

Rogpert CAMPBELL.

AxtzEx™. DunBar of Cumnok.

ANDREW JHONSON.

GRAYTLY.

Rosyn Car.

W". Dovatas of Whyttingeym.

Grorae Hwme of Spott.

1 In Vautr. edit. " Now hereupon," &c.

3 In Knox these four words are 2 In MS. G, " to be maid." omitted.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Grorcs Nyspyt, with my Juon Gorvon, of Finlatter.

AEx*®. Seton, Younger of hand at the pen.

CUNNYNGHAYMHYD.

Lustyz of Bowquhane.

Juon Innus of that Ik.

Meldrum.

Henry Granuame, Youngar of Morphy.

AtEx", Gorpoun of Abyr-

ARTHUR PHORBES.

W"™. Lestzy Youngar of zelde.

DRUMLAYNRYK.

Wardes.

Faunnavs.!

JHoN WISHART.

Craynston of that Ilk.

DRUMLOYGHIE.

WEDDERBURN.

CESFUIRD.

ALEx®, HumE.

HuNDHILL.

J HONSON.

Mark Kar. | This Contract and Band came not onlie to the eiris, bot alssua to the sycht of the Quene Dowager ; quhairat sche stormit nott a little, and said, " The maledictioun of God I gif unto thame that counsaleit me to persecute the prechearis, and to

TIE DOCH-

TER WILL NOT TAK MXAMPILG BY THE MOTHER. refuise the petitiouns of the best pairt of the trew subjects of this realme.

It was said to me, That the Yngliss army could not ly in Scotland ten dayis; bot now thay [have] lyin near ane moneth, and ar mair lyk to remane than the first day thay came."

Thay that gaif sick informatioun to the Quene, spak as wardlic wyise men, and as thingis appeirit to have bene ; for the cuntrey being almaist in all the partis thairof waistit, the victuallis nixt adjacent to Leith either brocht in to thair provisioun, or ellis destroyit; the mylnis and uther placeis, as befoir is said, being cassin doun, it appeirit that the camp could not have bene furnissit (except it haid bene by thair awin schippis, and as that could nocht have bene of ony

'T suspect some of these names may have been mistaken; such as " Graytly," and " Faunhaus," which an examination of the original might correct.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

lang continewance, sua sould it have bene nathing confortable:) Bot God confoundit all warldlie wisdome, and maid his awin benedictioun als evidentlie to appeir as gif in ane maner he had fed the army from above.

For all kind of victuallis thair was mair aboundante, and of mair easie priceis, in the camp all the tyme that it lay, efter that aucht dayis war past, than either thay haid bene in Edinburgh any of the twa yeires of befoir, or yit hes bene in that toun to this day. 7#7 0" |

The pepill of Scotland sa mekill abhorrit the tyrrannye of the 1566.'

Frenche, that thay wald have gevin the substance that thay had, to have bene ridd of that chargeable burding, quhilk oure synnis had provockit God to lay upoun us, in geving us in the handis of ane woman, quhom our Nobilitie in thair fulischnes sauld unto strangearis, and with hir the libertie of the Realme.

" God, for his greit mercies saik, preserve us yitt from farther bondage, in the quhilk we ar lyke to fall, gif he provyde not remedy ; for oure Nobilitie will yett remane blynd still, and will follow hir affectiouns, cum efter quhat sua may."

Bot to returne to oure Historie.

The campe abounding in all necessarie provisioun, ordour was taikin for confirmatioun of the Seige ;? and sa the trynches war drawin als neir the toun, as thay gudlie mycht.

The greitt campe removit fra Restalrig to the west syde of the Watter of Leith ; and sa war the cannounis plantit for the batterie, and did schute at the south-west wall.

But be reas1 In all the other copies this marginal First Part of Churchyarde's Chippes," note forms part of thetext.

Itisinthe (a kind of Poetical Miscellany,) "The game hand with the MS.: see notel, Siege of Leith," written in stanzas of page 68. seven lines.

It was first printed at 2Jn Holinshed's ChroniclesiscontainLondon in 1565; again in 1575, and ed a minute account of the Siege of 1578.

This poem referred to, is included Leith, in May 1560.

Thomas Churchin the volume of " Churchyard's Chips yard, the English Poet, who was preconcerning Scotland," edited by George gent among the troops commanded by Chalmers, Lond. 1817, 8vo.

Lord Gray de Wilton, published in "The VOL, II. i

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. sone all was eird, the brek! was nott maid sa greit upoun the day bot that it was sufficientlie repairit upoun the nycht.

Quhairof the Inglismen begynning to weary, determinit to gyve the brusche and assault; as that thay did upoun the sevint day of Maij, beginning befoir the day-licht, and contineuing till it was neir sevin houris.

And albeit that the THE

ASSAULT OF

LEITH, THE

7 OF MAIS

1560.

Ingliss and Scottis, with greit slauchter of the suldiouris of baith, were repulsit, yitt was thair never ane scharpar assault gevin of so few handis; for thay exceidit not ane thousand men that assaultit the haill twa quarteris of the toun, and yitt thay dampnit the haill blok-housses ; yea, thay anis pat the Frenche clene of thair wallis, and were upoun baith the west and eist blokhousses.

Bot thay wantit baking ; for thair ledderis wantit sax quarteris of the just hicht ; and sua quhuill the former wer compellit to fecht upoun the tope of [the] wall, thair fellowis could nott win to support thame, and sa war thay be multitude dung back agane, quhen it was anis thocht the Toune was win.

Sir James Croftis? was blamit of mony for not doing his dewitie that day ; for he was appoyntit, with ane sufficient nomber of the maist abill men, to haif assaultit the northwest quarter upoun the sey-syde, quhair, at ane low-water

(as at the tyme of the assault) [the passage] was easy :3 bot neather he nor his approchit to thair quarter appoyntit.

He had befoir, at thair first cuming in, spokin with the 1Tn MS. G, " Bot be ressoun the wall was eirthe, thebreiche," &c.; Vautr. edit. by Queen Elizabeth, and made Governor of Berwick; an office which he enjoyed at the date of these letters."

(State Papers, vol. i. p. 387.) But Crofts, for his conduct at this time, was impeached by the Duke of Norfolk, and removed from his office as Governor, which was conferred on Lord Gray. He afterwards became Comptroller of the Household, and died in 1595. has, as in the text, " But by reason all was earth, the breache," &c.

2 As mentioned by Knox, supra, page 31, Sir James Crofts was captain of the Town and Castle of Berwick, and warden of East Marches.

" He had," says Sir Walter Scott, "a good military reputation; having governed Ireland, and defended Haddington (in 1547) against the French and the Scotch.

He was attainted by Qucen Mary, but restored 5 Tn MS. 1566, " of the assault it was easy."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Quene Regent! at the foir blok-house of the Castell of Edinburgh.

Quhidder sche had enchantit him we knew nott, but by suspitioun of that day, in the quhilk he desaivit the expectation of many, and, sa far as man could judge, was the caus of that greit repulse ; for sum ascribit the schortnes of the ledderis to him: bot that omittit, quhilk mycht have proceidit of negligence, his absens frome the persute of his quarter, was the cause that sick Frenche as war appointit thair to defend, seing na persewar, came to the releif of thair fellowis, and sa the twa joyning togidder, with greit slauchter gaif the repulse to oure company.

The Frenche menis harlotis, of quhom the maist pairt war Scottis hureis, did na less creweltie than did the souldiaris; for besydis that thay chargeit thair peceis, and ministrit unto thame uther weaponis, sum continewallie cast staneis, sum careit chymnayis of burnyng fyre, sum brocht tymmer and uther impedimentis of wecht, quhilk with great violence thay threw over the wall upoun oure men, bot especiallie quhen thay began to turne backis.

Now, albeit in all this we acknawlege the seereit wark of God, quha by sick meanis wald beat doun alsweill the pryde of Ingland as of Scotland, yitt neather aucht the febilnes nor falsett of man to be excusit, neather yitt the cruelty of the adversareis be conceilit.

The Quene Regent satt all the tyme of the assault (quhilk was baith terribill and lang) upon the foir-wall of the Castell of Edinburgh; and quhen sche perceivit the overthraw of us, and that the ensenycis of the Frenche war agane displayit upoun the wallis, sche gaif ane gawfe of lauchter, and said, " Now will I go to effect (viz. the cause of the coming of the army, &¢.); quha had long conference with hir upoun the blok hous at the uter yeit of the saide Castell, the same day, during the tyme of the scarmishe,"

&e.

(Hist. p. 283.) See also the His1 The interview of Crofts with the Queen Regent that Knox alludes to, took place on the 6th April 1560, during the skirmish at Restalrig.

"In this meantyme (says Bishop Lesley) the Lord Gray, and Sir George Hawart, and Sir James Croftis to the Castell of Hdinburgh, to speik with the Quein to this torie of the Estate of Scotland, in the Wodrow Miscellany, vol. i. p. 82.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ILI. the Messe, and prayse God for that quhilk my eyes have sene !"

And sa was Freir Black! reddy for that purpose, quhom sche hir self a little of befoir had deprehendit with his harlott in the chapell: But huredome and idolatrye aggre weill togidder, and that oure Courte can witnesse this day, 16 Maij 1566.2

The Frenche, prowd of the victorie, strypeit naikit all the

THE INHU-

MANITIE OF THE

MERCY LES

FRENCHE. slayne, and laid thair deid? carcassis befoir the hot sune alang thair wall, quhair thay sufferit thame to lye ma dayis nor ane: unto the quhilk, quhen the Quene Regent luikit, for myrth sche happit and said, " Yonder are the fairest tapestrie

THE QUENE

REGENTIS CREWELL HARY?, that ever I saw:

I wald that the haill feyldis that is betwix this place and yon, war strowit with the same stuiffe."

This fact was sene of all, and hir wordis war hard of sum, and mislykeit of many.

Against the quhilk Johnne Knox spak oppinhe in pulpeit, and baldlie affirmeit, "That God sould reveange that contumelye done to his image, not onlie in the furiouse and godless souldiaris, bot evin in sick as rejoysit thairat."

And the verray experience declairit, that he was nott deceavit ; for within few dayis thair efter, (yea sum say that same day,) began hir bellie and lothsome leggis to swell, and sa continewit, till that God did execute his judgementis upoun hir, as efter we sall heir.

The defait receavit, it was fully perswadit to the Queen Regent and hir factioun, that the Seige wald ryse, and that the Ingliss army wald depairt: and sua began the Papistis wondrouslie to brag; and yitt God did frustratt thair expectation ; for the army concludit* to remane till new adverteisment came fra the Quene in Counsall.

The Duck of Northfolk, quha than lay at Berwick, commandit the Lord Gray to continew the seige, and promcisit

"That he sould not laick men sa lang as ony war to be 1 Some notices of this Frier Black will portion of the volume was written or be given in the Appendix. transcribed in May 1566.

In MS. G.

* This date, like that on the margin the date, by mistake, is May 1560. at page 65, is in the same hand with 5 In MS. G, " dead" is omitted. the MS., and serves to show that this 4Jn MS. G, " determined."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

had betwix Trent and Tweid, for sa far was he lieutennent."

He farther promeisit his awin presens, in caise he sould THE COMFORTABLE

LETTER OF

THE DUICK.

OF NORTH-

FOLK. be requyreit; and for assurance thairof, he send his awin palzeounis,! sic as seldome befoir had bene sene in Scotland, with his officiaris and provisioun.

And with expeditioun war send twa thousand fresche men, quhairby the campe, greitlie confortit, began to forgett the former disconfiture, and to sustene the daylie skyrmissing as thay did befoir; in the quhilk the Frenche, efter the day of the assault, did ever resaif the hurt and the repulse, as the slauchter of many that came to the cockill-raik? did witnesse.

The greatest damage that ather Ingliss or Scottis receavit efter that day, was the slauchter of twa gentilmen, the ane Master

_ of Househald to my Lord James, Robert Colvene of Cleysche,3 ane man stowt, modest, and wise; quha was schot in the thigh with ane falcone or haquebute of crock, and depairtit the miserie of this lyfe within twa houris efter.

The uther was Alexander Lockart, brother to the Laird of Barr,* quha raschelie discovering him selff in the trynschis, was schot in the heid, and immediatlie thairefter depairtit this lyf.

Quhill the seige thus continewit, ane suddane fyre chanceit in Leith, quhilk devourit many housses and mekill victuall ; and sa began God to fecht for us, as the Lord Erskin in plane

? miracle of restoring sight to a blind person at Loretto.—See Row's History, 1In MS. G, " paviliounes;" in Vautr. edit., " pallions."

Wodrow Society edition, pp. 449-455.

He was Master of the Household to Lord James Stewart, Prior of St. Andrews.

2TIn MS. G, " the Cole-raik ;" Vautr. edit. follows the text.

3 Robert Colville of Cleish, has already been mentioned, in a Note to vol.i. p848.

The property of Cleish, in the parish of that name, Kinross-shire, had belonged to William Meldrum of Cleish and Binns, whom Sir David Lyndesay has celebrated in his well-known poem, "The History of Squyer Meldrum."

There is every reason to believe that this Robert Colville was the person who detected the imposture of the pretended 4 This was probably Alexander Lockhart, styled Burgess of Ayr, who was convicted for an unlawful convocation of the lieges within the borough of Ayr,

19th January 1539-40. He had a charter of the lands of Quhitstanes, in that County, in 1547.

His brother, John Lockhart of Bar, is elsewhere mention-~ ed by Knox.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. wordis said to the Quene Regent : "Madam, (quod he,) I can se na mair, but seing that men may not expell injust possessouris furth of this land, God him self will do it; for yon fyre is nocht kindellit be man."

Quhilk words offendit the Quene Regent not a littill; quhais seiknes daylie increassing, greit eraft sche usit that Monsieur D'Osell mycht have bene permitit to have spokin with hir; belyke sche wald have biddin him fairweill (for auld familiaritie was greit) ; bot that denyit, sche wrait as it [had] bene to hir chyrurgian and apothecar, schawing hir seiknes, and requyreing sum droggis.

The letter being presentit to the Lord Gray, he espyit the craft; for few lyneis being writtin above and sa mekill quhyte paper left, he said, " Drogis ar aboundand and freschear in Edinburgh than thay can be in Leith: thair lurkis heir sum uther misterie."

And sa he began to try ; and be halding the paper to the fyre, he persavit sum writting [to] appeir, and sa began he to reid.

Bot quhat it was, na uther man can tell; for immediatelic he brunt the bill, and said to the messinger, " Albeit I have bene hir Secretary, yitt tell hir I sall keip hir counsall.

But say to hir, Sik wairis will nocht sell till a new marcatt."

The answer receavit, sche was nathing content: and than travellit sche earnistlie that sche mycht speik with the Erlles

Argyle, Glencairne, Merschell, and with the Lord James.

Efter deliberatioun it was thocht expedient that they sould speik hir, bot nocht altogidder, leist that sum pairt of the Guysianis practise had lurkit under the cullour of [sik] freindscheip.

Hir regrait was unto thame all, " That sche haid behavit hir self sa fulischlie, that sche had compellit thame to seik the support of otheris than of thair awin Soverane; and said, that sche soir repentit that ever it came to that extremitie.

Bot sche was nocht the wyte, bot the wickit counsell of hir freyndis on the ane pairt, and the Erle of Huntley upoun the uther ; for gif he had nocht bene, sche wald have fully ao greit with thame at thair communyng at Prestoun."

Thay

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

cg gave unto hir baith the counsale and the confort quhilk thai could in that extremitie, and willit her to send for sum godlie learnit man, of quhom sche mycht resaif instructioun; for these ignorant Papistis that war about hir, understude nathing of the mysterie of oure Redemptioun.

Upoun thair motyve was Johnne Willock send for, with quhom sche talkit ane reassonabill space, and quha did planelie schaw unto hir, alsweill the vertew and strenth of the death of Jesus Christ, as the vanitie and abominatioun of that idole the Mess.

Sche did oppinlie confesse "That thair was na salvatioun, bot in and by the death of Jesus Christ."

Bot of the Mess we hard not hir confessioun.

Sum said sche was annoyntit of the Papisticall maner, quhilk was ane sygne of small knawledge of the treuth, and of less repentance of hir former superstitioun.

Yitt quhowsoever it was, Christ Jesus got na small victorie over sick an ennemy.

For albeit before sche had avowit, that in dyspite of all Scotland, the preachearis of Jesus Christ sould ather die or be banischeid the realme; yitt was sche compellit not onlie to heir that Chryst Jesus was precheit, and all idolatrie oppinlie rebuikit, and in many placeis suppressit, bot alssua sche was constraineit to heir ane of the principall ministeris within the realme, and to approve the cheif heid of oure religioun, quhairin we dissent frome all Papistis and Papistrie.

Schort thairefter sche fynischeit hir unhappy lyfe ; unhappy, we say,

THE DEATH

OF THE

QUENE RE-

GENT. to Scotland, fra the fyrst day sche enterit into it, unto the day sche depairtit this lyfe, quhilk was the nynt of June,! the zeir of God J™ V° threscoir zeiris.

"God, for his greit mercyis saik, red us frome the rest of the Guysiane blude.

Amen, Amen."

For of the tyrranie of the Guysiane blud in hir,? that for our 1 Instead of the 9th of June, the Queen _ to notice the delay of her funerals.—See

Regent died on the 10th of that month. _ note on the passage referred to.

Her body, by her own desire, was trans2 Mary of Lorraine was the daughter ported to France, after an interval of of Claude, Duke of Guyse.—See vol. i. several months; and towards the close _ p. 61, note 6. of this Third Book, Knox takes occasion

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. unthankfulness now reignis above us, we have had sufficient experience.

Bot of any vertew that ever was espyit in Kyng James the Fyft (quhais dochter sche is callit) to this houre we have never sene any sparkle to appeir.

Upone the saxtene day of June, efter the death of the Quene Regent, came in Scotland! Monsieur Randan,? and with him the Bischop of Valance,? in commissioun fra France, to entreat of peace.

Fra Ingland thair came Sir Williame Cicill, * chief Secretary, and Doctor Wottoun.?

Thair negotiation was langsum ; for baith Ingland and we feiring deceat, socht be all meanis that the contract sould be sure.

And thay upoun the uther pairt, meanyng to gratifie sick as had send thame, (quha menit nathing bot mere falsett,) protractit tyme to the uttermost; yea, quhill thame of Leith war verray skairce of victualls, and thay of the Insche had perescheit, had not bene that by policy thay gatt ane schip with victuallis, and some munitioun, quhilk was upoun Mydsomer evin, quhairof thay maid no small tryumphe ; quhilk alsua for ane seassone stayit

1The Articles agreed upon, at Berwick, 14th June 1560, are printed by Keith.

3 Monsieur John de Monluc, Bishop of Valence.

On the 13th May 1560, Henry Killegrew, at Cecil's desire, informed Throkmorton, " Yt was lang ere the Bishope of Valence cold have save condyt of the Lords of Scotland, to repaire into the Quyne Doujar, by cause they did mistrust the sufficiencye of his authoritie; bot yet at length yt was granted.

So as he went and spak with the Quyne in the Castell of Edenburgh,"

&c.—(Forbes's State Papers, vol. i. p.

456.) 2 Charles de la Rochefaucault, Seigneur de Randan.

Jn the Latin treaty, he is designed " Dominus de Randan, Miles et Eques Auratus."

In his passage through England, he had an interview with Queen Elizabeth, in May 1560.

Throkmorton, in his letters 4th May, calls him '' Monsieur de Randan, brother to the Comte Rochefaucault, and to the Abbot of Cormery," and says, " he is a 4 See supra, p. 17, note 2.

>In the copies of Knox, " Wittoun."

Dr. Nicholas Wotton, was Dean of Canterbury and York.

"He was much employed (says Sir Walter Scott) in foreign negotiations, during the Reigns of Henry

VIII. and his successor, and died in 1566, after having served in nine embasies to the several States of Europe."

—(Note in Sadler, vol. i. p. 895.) faire spokesman, and a good courtesan, very well esteemed in this court, and of the faction of Guise.'

His journey was delayed for some days; and Cecil, on the 22d May, informs Throkmorton,— " Monsieur de Randan hath taken good leasure, and cam yesterdaye hyther to the Court, with the Embassadoy, and the Bishop of Vallence."—(Forbes's State Papers, vol. i. pp. 432, 438, 449, 460.)

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

the Appoyntment.

Yitt in the end peace was concludit, in forme as follows :—

Tue ARTICLES TRANSACTIT AND AGGREIT BE THE REVEREND

FatHer in Gop, Joune Biscuop or VALANcE, AND MonSIEUR

RaNDAN, DEPUTTIS TO THE KING AND QUENE OF

SCOTLAND, UPOUN THE MATTERIS PRESENTIT TO THAME, BE

WAY OF PETITIOUN, FOR THE PAIRT OF THE NOBILITIE AND

PEPILt oF ScorLanp.!

In the first, Upoun the complaynt and petitioun of the said Nobilitie and pepill of this cuntrey, anent the number of men of weir sustenit be thair Majesties in thir pairtis in tyme of peace; It is humblie requeistit to the saidis Deputis, that thay wald provide oportune remedy thairupoun, to the solace and releif of the cuntrey:

The saidis Deputis considerand the said desyre to be just, and conforme to reasone, concludit, concordit, and affirmit, That the Kyng and Quene sall procure na Frenche men of weir, nor na uther natioun to cum to thir pairtis in tyme cuming; bot gif strangearis wald pretend to enter in this realme with ane navy or army to occupy the same; in the quhilk caise provisioun sall be maid be thair

Majesties, the judgement and counsale of the Estaitis of the realm be haid thairto: And that the Frenche men of weir, being now in the toun of Leith, sall be send to France the same

1 The following Articles form only missioners for a Treaty of Amity and part of the last Convention or Treaty of Peace, which was signed at Edinburgh, on the 6th July 1560.

It is printed at full length in Rymer's Foedera.

See also Keith's History, vol. i. pp. 298-306.

Peace with England, dated 12th May 1560.

(2.) The Convention (also in French) for the demolition of the Fortifications at Leith, 5th July 1560.

(3.) The Treaty or Convention (in Latin) alluded to, as signed at Edinburgh, on the 6th July.

The last two are signed, J. Montwc E. pr Vatencs. W. Crcir.

RANpDAN.

N. Worron.

It has not, therefore, been thought necessary to supply the variations or omissions in this document.

In Rymer's collection there will likewise be found, (1.) The Commission from (4.) Rymer also inserts the Ratification of this Treaty, by Queen Elizabeth, dated at Windsor, 20th September 1560.

Francis and Mary, King and Queen of France and Scotland, appointing Com-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. tyme that the navy and army of Inglissmen and Scottismen has scaillit and depairtit baith be sey and land; the quhilk sall be done in the best maner may be, as at mair lenth consideratioun sall be had thairupone.

As to the bandis of Scottismen of war being at the said place, thay sall be brokin, and the men of war licentiat! to depairt.

Mairover, as to the fortis of Dumbar and Insche Keyth," thair sall remane in thame ane hundreth and twenty Frenche men of weir? allanerlie, quhilkis sall be pairtit and distributit in thir twa placeis; and thair sall remane na ma in Dumbar bot threscoir men of war, sua it be not affirmit be the Capitaneis chosin to that effect be baith the pairteis, that for the keiping of the same ane greitar number is not neidfull ; alssua to depairt quhen the Estaitis of the realme can fynd ane guid and sure remedy, upoun the expensses maid in the saidis placeis, to keip the same fra perell of invasioun, or deprivatioun thairof fra thame that wald pretend to occupy the samyn, thay sall schaw the same to thair Majesties alse haistilie as may be done: and in the menetyme, the number of the said men of war sall not be augmentit.

And in lyk maner it sall nocht be lefull to the said men of war to do ony injureis to ony personis, or yitt to menteyne or defend ony Scottismen, of what qualitie so ever thay be of, againis the will and authoritie of the magistratis of the realme, nor to resaif thame in the saidis placeis that the minister of justice may not putt handis in thame; nor yitt sall intromett with tham any maner of way, with the quarrellis and discordis of the Lordis, or uthir particular men of this realme ; bot thay thame selffis sall be obligit, in caise of ony quarrell to be punischitt efter the lawis and consuetude* of this Realm, and to answer for thame selffis befoir the Judgeis

Ordinaris of the same.

Last of all, that fra this furth5 thay be 1 Vautr edit. "licensed."

*In MS. 1566, it is "constitute;"

2 Vautr. edit. makesit, "Dunbar,and in Vautr. edit. "constitutions." in such that."

® In Vautr. edit., "from henceforth ;"

2 In MS. G, " of weir" is omitted. in MS. G, "fra this tyme furth."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

not compellit to taik ony credeit, they sall be every moneth satisfeit of thair wageis; sua that twa Scottis Lordis chosin be the Counsale, may present it, at weappon-schawing and mustouris of the said men of weir; and alsua to viseit the saidis fortis to se gif the number of thame be eikit ; and it sall not be lesum to the said men of war to tak ony victuallis for thair sustentatioun, to the munitioun of the saidis placeis, bot be payment of reddy money, numerat, and with the plesour of thame that delyveris the same to thame:

And thairfoir, the saidis Lordis oblisses thame to gif thame sa mekill as is neidfull to thame, thay having to pay thairfoir.

Item, Upoun the petitioun presentit to the saidis Lordis Deputis, anent the demolitioun of the fortificationis, the saidis

Deputis consentit, concordit, and affirmit, That the fortificatioun of Leith sall be demolischit, and that twa, thre, or four capitaneis sall be chosin be baith of the pairteis, to visite the Castell of Dumbar ; and gif it beis fundin be thame, that the reparatioun, amplificatioun, and fortifeing! maid thairof now efter the peace, greittar nomber of men to the keiping thairof is requyreit, the reparatioun and fortificatioun thairof sall be demolischeit, sua sone as may be done, and sall remane onlie untuicheit, that. thing quhilk may mak the said Castell mair sure, and leist dainger fra invasioun ; provyding nocht the less that na grettar nomber of men thairin be requyreit for keiping of the same.

Mairover, in tymeis cuming the Kyng and Quene sall mak na ma new fortis within this realme, and sall nocht augment thame that ar ellis maid, nor sall repair thame that are demolischeit, without counsal and consent of the Estaites; nor yitt sall transport to uthir partis ony artailyerie, munitioun of war, powder, or victuallis, bot sa mekill as may gayne for keiping of the saidis placeis be the space of sax monethis or ane yeir.

Item, Anent the petitioun maid anent the debtis contractit 1In MS. G, "fortificatioun."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. be the Frenche men of weir in this countrey, the saidis [Deputis] concordit, That the Kyng and Quene sall cause restoir all that quhilk happinis to be fund gevin and grantit to the Kyngis Lieutennent and his Capitaneis, and uthiris Offciaris, for the nureisment, sustentatioun, and menteinance of the said Frensche men, or that quhilk beis fundin aucht be the lieutennent for service of his Majestie, that may appeir be writt, or confessioun of parteis.

Item, Upoun the petitioun maid anent the Conventioun of Estaitis of this Realme, the saidis Deputis consentit, concordit,

&c., That the Estaites of the Realme may convene and hald Parliament, the twenty day! of the moneth of Julij nixt to cum; upone the quhilk day the Parliament sall be contyneuit, as use is, unto the fyrst day of the moneth of August following. Provyding alwayis, that befoir or thay begin to treat ony thyng in the said Parliament, all tumult of weir be dischargeit and ceise, that they that are present may be free without feir of men of weir or uthiris; and that in the menetyme ane messinger be send be the saidis Deputis to the Kyng and Quene, to certifie thame of thay thyngis aggreit, treatit, and concordit, requeisting thair Majesteis humbillie to be contentit with the samyn: And the said Conventioun sall be alse lauchfull in all respectis, as the samyn had bene ordanit and done be expres commandyment of thair Majesteis; providing that na mater be treatit thairintill befoir the said fyrst day of August.

'Item, Upoun the article presentit anent Weir and Peace, the saidis Deputis consentit, concordit, ete., That the Kyng and Quene neither mak peace nor weir in thir pairtis, bot be counsale, judgment, and consent of the Thre Estaitis, according to the ordinance and consuetudis of the countrey; and as was observit be thair predecessouris.

Item, Upoun the petitioun presentit to the saidis Deputis, 1 See note infra, page 84.

1560,

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

LE anent the governament and regiment of the Policey, thay have consentit, etc, That twenty-four worthy men of this realme be chosin be the Three Estaitis, of the quhilkis the Kyng and the Quene sall chuse sevin, and the Estaitis sevintene ; quhilkis in thair Majesteis absens sall tak ordour, and mak an ordinarie counsall for administratioun foirsaid, sua that na man, of quhatsoever qualitie he be, sall have the power to ordour ony thing to be done touching the saidis busynes, without the mediatioun, authorities, and consent of thame: sua that the saidis counsallaris sall convene togidder alse oft as thay may, but thay sall convene na less nor sax! togidder ;

And quhen ony mater of importance occurris, thay sall be all callit to counsale, and tak ordour be thame, or the maist pairt

_ of thame, gif neid beis.

And gif it happinis ony of the said sevin chosin be the Kyng and Quene to deceis, thair Majesties sal] choise ane uthir furth of the said nomber of xxiv. in place of him that deceassit ; and gif ony of the saidis xvii. chosin be the Estaitis deis, the remanent foirchosen be thame sall name ane uther of the said nomber of twentie foure.

Mairover, gif it beis thocht expedient be'the saidis Estaitis, that uther twa be augmentit to the said nomber of twelf, than and in that caise, the Kyng and Quene sall choise ane, and the Estaitis ane uther.

And sua was this Article aggreit under conditioun, that is to say, That the samyn be na prejudice in tyme cuming to the Kyng and Quene, and rychtis of the Croune: And the saidis Deputis offerrit thair laubouris to mak mediatioun to the Kyng and Quene, for menteining pensiouns and expensses of the said Counsellouris, and ordinar officiaris of the said counsall, to be providit of the rentis and proventis? of the Croun.

Item, Upoun the petitioun maid to the saidis Deputis anent the Officiaris of this realme, thay consentit and concordit, &c.,

That in tyme cuming the King and Quene sall not depute ony 1Jn MS. G, "no les than twelf."

? In Vautr. edit., " rents and rcuenewes."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. stranger in the administratioun of the civile and criminall Justice; and in lykwyise in the office of Chancellarie, Keipar of Seall, Thesaurer, Compttrollar, and uther lyk officeis, and sall not use thame, but sall be content with thair awin subjectis borne in this realme.

Mairover, it sall not be lefull to put the office of Thesaurarie, Comptrollarie, in the handis of any kirk man, or utheris quhilkis ar not abill to exercise the saidis officeis ; the quhilkis Thesaurer and Compttrollar sall be providit of sufficient commissioun to use the saidis officeis.

Bot it sall not be lefull to thame to dispone or sell wairdis of mariageis, or uther casualiteis, or any uther thyngis quhatsumever thay be perteinyng to thair officeis, without counsall or consent of the said Counsale, to that effect that the Counsale may know that all thyngis be done to the proffitt of the Kyng and Quene ; and yitt thay will not bynd, or astrict the Kyng and Quene be this article, that thay may not gif quhen thay think expedient.

Item, Thay concordit, That in the first conventioun of the Estaitis of this Realme, thair sall be constitut, ordanit, and establischeit ane law of oblivioun, quhilk efterward sall be confirmit be the Kyng and Queneis Majesties; be the quhilk all rememberance of beiring of armour, and utheris thyngis quhilk it hes bene done, sall be eirdit and forgett,! fra the saxt day of the moneth of Marche, in the yeir of God J™ V° fyftie aucht yeiris: And be the samyn law, thay quhilkis hes contravenit the lawis of the realme, sall be exemit and fre of all payne contenit thairin, siclik as gif it never had bene contravenit ; providing that the privilegis of the said law be not extendit to thame, quhilkis the Estaitis of the Realme sall judge? unworthie thairof.

Item, It is aggreit and concludit, That in the said Conventioun or Parliament, the Estaitis of the Realme, as use is,

1Tn MS. G, "sall be buryed, earthed, 2 That is, the year 1558-9. and forget ;" in Vautyr. edit., " shalbe 3 In MS. G, "sall think;" in Vautr. buried and forgotten." edit., " shall judge."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

and of the maner is requireit, sall be callit; in the quhilk all thay that hes usit to convene, and be present, may cum without all feir or force done, or to be done to thame be any persone, sua that the saidis sall oblisse thame, that quhair in tyme cuming ony seditioun, or conventioun of men of war sall happin to be, without command of the Counsall, being of the number of twelf, the realme and cuntrey sall repute the causseris thairof, and thame that conveneis as rebellis, and sall persew thame as siclyk, that thay may be punischeit be the Jawis of the Realme, sua that the Kyng and Quene sall not be compellit in tyme cuming to send ony men of war, or strangeris in thir pairtis, for obtenying of dew obedience of thair subjectis.

Item, Thay offerit, concordit, and aggreit, That thair sall be generall peace and reconciliatioun amang all Lordis and subjectis of this Realme; so that thay that are callit of the Congregatioun, and thay quhilkis are not of the samyn, sall put na reproche to utheris of the thingis quhilk are done fra the said saxt day of Marche 1558 [-9.] Item, Thay offerrit, concordit, and affirmit, That the King and Quene sall not persew, revenge, nor mak ony persecutioun of the thyngis that hes bene done, nor yitt sall thay suffer the samyn to be done be thair subjectis, Frenche men, bot sall have all thyngis in oblivioun, as the samyn had never bene done.

And siclyk, the Lordis of this Realme of Scotland sall do of all busynes betwix thame and the Frenche men in thir pairtis. And gif, be sinister informatioun, or ony uther occasioun, thair Majesteis hes conceavit ony evill opinioun against thair subjectis, thay sall alluterlie forgett, and change the samyn; nor thay sall not depryve any of thame, nor denude any of thame, or of thair subjectis, of the officcis, beneficeis, or estaitis, quhilkis thay have bruikit in the said

Realme befoir, be rassone of ony thyngis thay have middillit with, fra the said saxt day of Marche 1558 [-9.]

And farther,

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. sall mak na occasioun of deprivatioun, or deposing of thame be any uther cullour without caus; bot rather thay sall esteme and treit thame in tyme cuming as gude and obedient subjectis, providing that the saidis Lordis and uther subjectis; on thair pairtis, mak to thair Majesteis haill obedience, siclyk as utheris faithfull and naturall subjectis aucht to thair

Soveraneis.

Item, It is concordit and aggreit, That it sall be lefull to nane of the Lordis of the Nobilitie of Scotland, or ony utheris, to mak convocatioun of men of weir, bot in the ordinarie causses approvit be the lawis and consuetude of the Realme ; and that nane of thame sall cause ony men of weir, strangeris, to cum in thir pairtis, and mekill less sall attempt to do ony thyng against the Kyng and Quene, or aganeis the authoritie of the Counsall, and utheris Magistratis of the Realme; and thay quhilkis hes presentit the said petitioun sall be obleist thairunto.

And in caise any of thame, or utheris, find occasioun to invaid, or tak armour aganist any man, as he pretendis, efter that he have communicatit the mater with the counsall of the Realme, he sall present his complaynt to thair

Majesteis: and generallie, thay sall obliss thame, under the saidis paines, to do the thyngis quhilkis pertenis to guid and faithfull subjectis, for the quyetnes and tranquillitie of the Realme, and rychtis of thair Soveraneis.

Item, It is aggreit, &c., That gif ony Bischopis, Abbotis, or uther kyrk men sall playnt, or allege thame to have resavit any injureis, eyther in thair personeis or guidis, the playnt sall be sene and considderit be the Estaitis in the said Conventioun and Parliament ; and thair sall be maid redress, as thay sall find according to reassone:

And in the meinetyme, na man sall stopp thame, bot thay sall bruik thair guddis ; nor sall do any skaith, injurie, or violence to thame: and gif ony dois contravene to this article, he sall be persewit be the Lordis as ane perturbar of ane guid communwelth.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Item, It is concordit, &c., That the saidis Lordis sall obliss thame to observe, and cause be observit, all and sindrie pointis and articleis aggreit in this Treateis: and gif it happinis that any of thame, or ony uther, wald contravene the same, the remanent Lordis and residew of the haill pepill, sall be ennemeis to him, and sall persew him till he be chaistisit and puneisit according to his demereitis.

Item, It is concordit, &c., That all the haill Realme may know that the Kyng and Quene ar not willing to keip any rememberance of the trubillis and differencis bygane; and sa far as concernis the Nobilitie and utheris subjectis of the Realme, that thair Majesteis desyris to treit thame humanelie, and to be favourabill to thame; the saidis Deputis hes promeist and concordit that the Duck of Chastellarault, and all uthiris Nobillmen of Scotland, sall be remittit, and put again in all thair guddis and beneficeis, quhilkis thay haid and joysit in France, that thay may bruik and joyse the same in the samyn maner as thay did of befoir: thay differenceis, the said saxt day of Marche, and yeir foirsaid, evin as the saidis contraverseis had never chanceit.

And alssua, that all capitulatiouns and articleis aggreit upoun in tymeis bigane, and speciallie thay that war appointit in the Kyng and Queneis contract, sall be observit and keipit, alsweill for the pairt ot thair Majesteis as for the pairt of the Nobilitie and pepill of Scotland.

And as concerning David, sone to the said Duck of Chastellarault,! now being in Boys de Vincent, libertie sall be grantit to him to returne to Scotland, and to do as he pleise.

Mairover, quhen the saidis Deputis exponit, that sum tyme it mycht chance that the Kyng mycht mister of his greit gunis and artailyerie in France, the saidis Lordis having consideratioun thairof, concordit, That na uther artailyerie be translatit out of this Realme, bot thay quhilkis war send and brocht in fra the 1 Lord David Hamilton, the third son vol. i. p. 883.

He returned to Scotland of the Duke of Chatelherault : see note, in October 1560.

VOL. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Book ITf. day and deceise of Francis, King of France,! of guid memorie to thir pairtis; and that'all uther artailyerie and munitioun be reponit in placeis quhair: thay war takin furth, and speciallie

[those] that hes the armeis? of Scotland sall be put in the placeis quhair thay war takin furth of; and their sall be Nobill men of Scotland [appointed] thairfoir, and twa for the pairt of the Kingis Majestie is to be deput, to recognosce the samyn befoir the schipping thairof.

And, mairover, that quhair for the pairt of the Nobilitie and pepill. of Scotland, certane Articles concerning the Religioun? and uthiris pointis war presentit, quhilkis the saidis Deputis wald not tuyche, bot considering the wecht and importance of thame, remittit the samyn to be recognoscit and decidit be thair Majesties ; the saidis Lordis and Nobilitie promeisit, that ane certane number of Nobill men sall be chosin in the nixt

Convention and Parliament, to be sent to their Majesties, quhilkis sall expone to thair Hienes the thingis quhilkis sall be thocht neidfull for the estait of thair busyness, and for the foirmentionat and utheris articles and pointis undecidit with the saidis Deputis, to the effect that thay may knaw thair Majesties intention and benevolence upon the thingis quhilkis sall-be exponit for the pairt of the country; the quhilkis alsua sall have with thame ane confirmatioun and ratificatioun be

1 Francis the First, died 31st March 1547. monies conforme to the Order establishit laitly befoir in thair Parliament

2 In MS. G, "and in speciall that have the armes." of Ingland, so that boith the Realmes micht haif ben uniforme in religione and ceremonies; bot the Ministers and Congregatione of Scotland, thinking thair awin profession eftir the order and discipline of Geneva, to be moir puir, as conteyning no uther ceremonies nor is expressely mentioned in the Scriptour, thairfore wald not ressave or admitt any uther; and the Commissioners for France walde not appreve nane of the twa; and thairfoir that mater was delayit."—(History, p. 292.)

3 In mentioning "the soum and effect" of this Treaty, in which, " as to the state of religione, the same was deferrit to ane new Treatie," Bishop Lesley subjoins the following explanation: " Heir is necessar to be rememberit, the caus quhy in this Treatye thair was nothing agegreit tueching Religione; becaus the Commissioners of Ingland wald haif wished the Congregatione of Scotland to haif ressavit the discipline and cere-

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

the Estaitis of the Realme of the Articleis quhilkis ar concordit and aggreit be the saidis Deputis, to quham alsua the same tyme, or of befoir, sall be gevin and delyverit ane lyk confirmatioun and ratificatioun maid be thair Majesties, sua being that the saidis Estaitis send thair ratificatioun foirsaid.

[In witness whereof, &c. ]

THE PROCLAMATIOUN

OF THE THYNGIS

ABOVE WRITTIN,

MAID THE AUCHT DAY OF JULIJ, THE YEIR OF Gop J™ V°

THRESCOIR YEIRIS.

To THE LOVING OF THE MAIST PUISSANT LORD, AND CONFORT OF

ALL CurisT1aNis: The maist puissant Prince and Princess, and maist Christiane Kyng and Quene Francis and Marie, be the © grace of God Kyng and Quene of France and Scotland, and the maist puissant Princess Elizabeth, be the samyn grace Quene of Ingland, Ireland, &c.: It is concordit, and reconciliatioun of peace and amitie maid, quhilk is to be observit inviolablie amangis thame, thair subjects, realmes, and countreys:

Forsamekle in name of the said Prince and Princesses, it is commandit and straitlie chargeit, to all maner of personis under thair obedience, or being in thair service, fra this furth,} to desist fra all hostilitie, baith by sey and land, and to keip ane good peace the ane with the uther; and with charge to the brekaris under their greit parrell, &c.

Thir thingis transactit, and the peace proclamit, as said is, suddane provisioun was maid for the transporting of the Frensche to France, of whom the maist pairt were put into the Ingliss schippis, quha alsua careit with thame the haill spulzie of Leith ; and that was the secund benefite quhilk thay ™» ror.

FITT THAT

c :

; 1a] ;

LEYTH GAT

resavit of thair lait promeisit libertie, the end quhairof is not Re

PROMESI?Y

1In MS. G, "from this tyme furth;" the Diurnal of Occurrents, "fra this day 11BhRTIN. in Vautr. edit., "from henceforth."

In furth, to desist and ceis fra all."

THE HISTORY OF

Book III. yitt cum.

The Ingliss army be land depairtit the sextene day of Julij, the yeir of God J" V° threscoir yeiris.

The maist pairt of oure Nobilitie, Protestantis, honorabillie convoyit thame (as in verray deid thay had weill deservit):

Bot the Lord James wald nocht leave the Lord Gray, with the uther nobill men of Ingland, till that thay enterit in Berwick.

Efter quhaise returnyng, the Counsall began to luik, alsweill upoun the effairis of the commonwelth, as upoun the matteris that mycht concerne the stabilitie of Religioun.

As befoir we have heard, the Parliament [was] concludit to begyn the xx. [10th] of July, and to be contynewit to the first of August nixt;! and thairfoir the Lordis maid the greater expeditioun, that all thyngis mycht be put in convenient ordour.

Bot befoir all thyngis the Preachouris exhortit thame, (for than in Edinburgh war the maist pairt of the cheif Ministeris of the Realme) to be thankfull unto God, and nixt to provyde, that the ministeris mycht be distributeit as the necessitie of the countrey requyreit.

Ane day was statute, quhen the haill Nobilitie, and the greitest pairt of the Congregatioun assembillit in Sanct Geilis Kirk in Edinburgh, quhair, efter the sermond maid for that purpoise, publick thankis war gevin unto God for his mercifull deliverance, in forme as followis :—

THANKIS GEVING FOR OUR DELYVERANCE, WITH PRAYERIS.

O Eternall and Everlasting God, Father of oure Lord Jesus Chryst, quha hes nocht onlie commandit us to pray, and promeisit to heir us, but alsua willis us to magnifie thy mer1 The Treaty of Peace thus concluded and signed, peace was proclaimed, as above, on the 8th of July; and Parliament was assembled on the 10th of that month, to adjourn, as had been determined, until the first of August.

The 10th of July occurs also in the Acts printed immediately after the Confession; but both here, and at page 76,

Knox specifies the 20th of that month.

The solemn public thanksgiving held in St. Giles's Church, on the 19th July, was undoubtedly conducted by Knox himself, although he withholds his own name, in the above narrative.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

cies, and to glorifie thy name quhen thou schawis thy self pitiefull and favorabill unto us, especiallie quhen thow delyveris us frome disperatt daingearis: ffor sa did thy servantis Abraham, David, Jehosaphatt, and Ezekias; yea, the haill pepill of Israell omittit nott the same, quhen thow by thy mychtie hand did confound thair ennemeis, and deliver thame frome feir and daingear of death intentit. We aucht not, nor can not forgett, O Lord, in how miserabill estait stude this poore countrey, and we the just inhabitants of the same, not many dayis past, quhen idolatrie was menteynit, quhen creuell straingearis did impyre, quhen virgennis war deflorit, matronis corruptit, mennis wyfeis violentlie and vylanouslie oppressit, the blud of innocentis sched without mercie ; and finallie, quhen the unjust commandementis of proud tyrannis war obeyit as ane law.

Out of thir miseries, O Lord, could nather our witt, policey, nor strength delyver us ; yea did schaw unto us how vayne was the help of man, quhair thy blessing gevis not victorie.

In thir our anguischeis, O Lord, we suitit! unto thee, we cryit for thy help, and we reclameit? thy name, as thy trubillit flock, persecutit for thy treuth saik.

Mercifullie hes thow hard us, O Lord, mercifullie, we say, becaus that neither in us, neither yitt in our confederatis was thair any caus quhy thou souldest have gevin unto us sa joyfull and suddane a delyverance: for neither of us bayth ceassit to do wickitlie, evin in the myddis of oure greitest trubillis.

And yitt hes thow lukit upoun us sa pitifullie as that we haid gevin unto thee maist perfyte obedience, for thou hes disapoyntit the counsals of the crafty, thow hes brydillit the rage of the crewell ; and thow hes of thy mercie sett this oure perisching

Realme at ane reasonabill libertie.

Oh, gif us hartis (thou, Lord, that onlie gifis all guid gyft,) with reverence and feir, to meditat thy wondrouse warkis lait wrocht in oure eyes.

Let 1 In MS. G, and Vautr. edit., " we 2 In MS. G, " proclaimed ;" in Vautr. sobbed." edit., " reclamed."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. not the remembrance of the same unthankfullie to slip frome oure wavering myndis.

We grant and acknawlege, O Lord, that quhat soever we haif resavit sall fall in oblivioun with us, and so turne to oure condempnatioun, unless thou, by the power of thy Holie Spreit, keip and reteyne us in recent and perpetuall memorie of the same.

We beseik thee thairfoir, O Father of mercyis, that as of thy undeservit grace thow hes partlie removit our darknes, suppressit idolatrie, and taikin frome above oure heidis the devouring sword of mercyless strangearis, that sa it wald pleise thee to proceid with us in this thy grace begune.

And albeit that in us thair is nathing that may move thy Majestie to schaw us thy favour, O yit for Christ Jesus, thy onlie weilbelovit Sonis saik, quhais name we beir, and quhais doctrin we profess, we beseik thee never to suffer us to foirsaik or deny this thy veritie quhilk now we professe.

Bot seing that thou hes mercifullie heard us, and hes caussit thy veritie to triumphe in us, sa we crave of thee continewance unto the end, that thy godlie name may be glorifeit in us thy creaturis, And seing that nathing is mair odiouse in thy presence, O Lord, than is ungratitud and violatioun of ane aith and convenant maid in thy name; and seing that thou hes maid our confederatis of Ingland the instrumentis by quhom we are now sett at this libertic, to quhom we in thy name have promeisit mutuall fayth agane; lett us never fall to that unkyndnes,! O Lord, that ather we declair oure selfis unthankfull unto thame, or prophanaris of thy holie name.

Confound thow the counsalls of thame that go about to brek that maist godlie liegue contractit in thy name, and reteyne thou us sa firmlie togidder by the power of thy Holie Spreit, that Sathan have never power to sett us agane at variance nor discord.

Geve us thy grace to leif in that Christiane cheritie quhilk thy Sone, our Lord Jesus, hes sa earnestlie commandit to all the memberis of his body; that uther natiouns, provockit

1In MS. G, " unthankfulness."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

be our example, may sett asyde all ungodlie weir, contentioun, and stryff, and studie to leif in tranquilitie and peace, as it becumis the scheip of thy pasture, and the pepill that daylie luikis for our finall delyverance, by the cuming agane of oure

Lord Jesus ; to whom with Thee, and the Holie Spreit, be all honour, glorie, and prayse, now and ever.

AMEN.

Heirefter war the Commissionaris of Bruchis, with sum of the Nobilitie and Barronis, appoyntit to see the equall distributioun of Ministeris, to change and transport as the maist pairt sould think expedient.

And sua was Johne Knox appointit to Edinburgh ; Christopher Gudman, (quha the maist pairt of the trubillis had remanit in Ayre,) was appointit to Sanctandrois:

Adame Heryot to Abirdene; Maister Johnne Row to Sanct Johnestoun ; Paull Meffen, (to quhom was no infamie than knawin,) to Jedburgh ; Williame Crystesoun to Dundie ; and David Fergusoun to Dumfermling, and Maister David

Lyndsay to Leith.

Thair war nominat for Superintendantis, Maister Johnne Spottiswod for Lowtheane; Maister Johnne

Wynrame for Fyff; Maister Johnne Willok for Glasgow ; the Laird of Dun for Anguss and Mearnis; Maister Johnne Carswall for Ergyle and the Iles!

Thir to be electit at the dayis appointit, unless that the countreyis quhairto thay war to be appointit could in the menetyme fynd out men mair abill and sufficient, or ellis schaw sick causses as mycht inhabill thame from that dignitie.

The Parliament? approaching, dew adverteisment was maid, quhill the aucht day of the samyn moneth," (pp. 61, 278.) The names of the persons present at this memorable Parliament are preserved among the 1The first appointment of Ministers and Superintendents to the chief towns and districts in Scotland, was made about the 20th of July 1560, or previously te the meeting of Parliament.

Cecil Papers, (MS. Cotton. Calig. ix. fol.

144.) Although printed both in the Acta Parl. Scot. vol. ii. p. 525, and in Keith's History, I shall insert the list

2Jn the Diurnal of Occurrents, it is stated, that "Upon the first day of August, the Parliament tuke begyning, and few or na Lordis came to the saimyn, in the Appendix.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. be the Counsall, to all sick as by law and ancient custome had or mycht clame to have vote thairin.

The assembillie was great, nochtwithstanding that sum, alsweill of thame that be callit Spirituall as Temporall Lordis, contemptuouslie did absent thame selffis: And yit the cheif pillaris of the Papisticall

Kirk gave thair presence, sick as the Bischoppis of Sanctandrois,! Dumblane,2 and Dunkell,? with otheris of the inferiour sort, besydeis thame that had renunceit Papistrie, and oppinlie professit Jesus Chryst with us; sick as the Bischop of Galloway,4 the Abbotis of Lendorse,> Culroiss,6 Sanct Colmeis

Insche,'? Newbottill,8 Halyrudhouse,? the Priour of Sanctandrois,!0 Coldinghame,!! and Sanct-Marie Ile,12 the Suppriour of Sanctandrois,!3 and dyverse otheris quham we observit not.

At the samyn tyme of Parliament, Johne Knox taught publicklie the propheit Haggeus.

The doctrin was proper for the tyme; in applicatioun quhairof he was so speciall and so 1 John Hamilton, Archbishop of St.

Andrews.

8 Mark Ker, Commendator of Newbattle, ancestor of the Earls of Lothian.

2 William Chisholm, Bishop of Dunblane, who suceceded his brother of the half-blood in 1527, and who survived ® Lord Robert Stewart, a natural son of King James the Fifth, Commendator of Holyrood House, afterwards titular Bishop of Caithness and Earl of Orkney: till 1564.

His nephew William Chisholm, was constituted his coadjutor and future successor in the See, by a brief from Pope Pius IV. dated 4 Non, Junij 1561.

(Keith's Catal. p. 180.) see a subsequent note.

10 Lord James Stewart, Prior of St.

Andrews, and afterwards Earl of Murray, and Regent of Scotland.

3 Robert Crichton, Bishop of Dunkeld, who had previously been Provost of St.

Giles's Church, Edinburgh.

1 Lord John Stewart, another natural son of King James the Fifth, was Prior of Coldingham.

In Book Fourth, Knox mentions his death at Inverness.

4 Alexander Gordon, titular Archbishop of Athens, and Bishop of Galloway: see a subsequent note.

% Robert Richardson, Prior of St.

Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright: see note to vol. i. p. 872.

It is a mistake, however, in saying that he died in 1571; as will afterwards be explained.

5 Probably John Lesley: see Abbots of Lindores, in the Appendix to this volume, 6 William Colville, Commendator of Culross: see Appendix.

% John Wynrame, Prior of Portmoak, and Sub-prior of St. Andrews: sce 7 James Stewart, of the family of Beath, Commendator of Inch-Colm, or St. Colme.

He was afterwards knighted, and raised to the peerage. vol. i. p. 150; and a subsequent note in the present volume.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

vehement, that sum (having greater respect to the warld than to Goddis glory,) feilling thair selffis prickit, said in mockage,

"We mon now forget our selffis, and beir the barrow to buyld Wittan | the housses of God."!

God be mercifull to the speikar; for we gop feir that he shall have experience that the buylding of his awin house (the house of God being despisit) sall not be so prosperouse, and of sick firmitie, as we desyre it were.

And albeit sum mockit, yitt utheris were godlie movit, quha did assembill thame selffis togidder to consult quhat thyngis were to be proponit to that present Parliament; and efter deliberatioun, was this subsequent Supplicatioun offerit :—

THE BaRRoNIS, GENTILMEN, BURGESSES, AND UTHERIS, TREW

SUBJECTIS OF THIS REALME, PROFESSING THE Lorp JEsus

CHRYST WITHIN

THE SAMYN:

To THE NOBILITIE AND

Estaitis OF PARLIAMENT, PRESENTLIE ASSEMBLIT WITHIN

THE SAID REALME, DESYRE GRACE, MERCY, AND PEACE,

FROME Gop THE FaTHER OF ouR Lorp Jzsus Curyst, WITH THE INCRESS OF HIS Hoty Spreir:

Puiets youre Honouris to reduce to remembrance, how dyverse and sundrie tymeis we (with sum of youre selffis) maist humbillie suitit at the feit of the lait Quene Regent fredome and libertie of conscience, with a godlie reformatioun of abuseis, quhilk by the malice of Sathane and negligence of men, are cropin in Religioun of God, and are menteynit by sick as tak upoun thame the name of Clergye.

And albeit that oure godlie and maist reassonable suyte was then disdainfullie rejectit, quhairof na small trubillis have ensewit, as your

Honouris weill knaw; yit seing that the same necessitie yit remaneis that then movit us, and, mairover, that God of his mercie has now put into your handis to tak sic ordour as 1 William Maitland of Lethington, ovation, of which Randolph has given who made use of this expression, had us the principal heads."—(Tytler's been chosen Speaker in this Parliament, — Hist. vol. vi. p. 177.) and had "opened the proceedings in an

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

God thairby may be glorifeit, this communwelth quietit, and the policie thairof establischeit: We can not cease to crave of youre handis the redress of sick enormiteis, as manifestlie are (and of lang tyme have bene) committit be the placehalderis of the Ministerie, and utheris of the Clergy within this Realm.

And First, Seing that God of his greit mercy by the lycht of his word, has manifestit to no small number of this Realme, that the doctrin of the Roman Kyrk, resaveit be the said Clergy, and menteynit throu thair tyrannie by fyre and sword, conteinit in the self many pestiferous errouris, quhilk can not but bring dampnatioun to the saullis of sick as thairwith sall be infectit; sick as are the doctrine of Transsubstantiatioun ; of the Adoratioun of Chryst his body under the forme of breid, as thay term it; of the mereitis of Warkis, and Justificatioun that thay allege cumis thairby; togidder with the doctrin of the Papisticall Indulgencis, Purgatorie,

Pilgrimage, and Praying to Sanctis depairtit; quhilk all either repugne to the plane Scripturis, or ellis have no ground of the doctrine of our Maister Jesus Christ, his Propheitis, nor Appostillis.

We humbillie thairfoir crave of your Honouris, that sick doctrine and idolatrie as by Goddis word are condempnit, so may thay be abolischeit be Act of this present

Parliament, and punischement appointit for the transgressouris.

Secundle, Seing that the Sacramentis of Jesus Chryst are maist schamefullie abusit and prophanit by that Romane harlot and hir sworne vassallis; and alssua because that the treu disciplyne of the ancient Kirk is utterlie now amangis that sect extinguischeit: for quha within the Realme are mair corrupt of lyff and maneris than are thay that are callit the Clergye, living in huredome, adultery, defloring virgeinis, corrupting matronis, and doing all abominatioun, without feir of punischement ; We humbillie thairfoir desyre youre Honouris to fynd remedy against the ane and the uther.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Thirdhe, Because that Man of Syn often maist falslie clames to him self the titillis of "The Vicare of Chryst; the successour of Peter; the heid of the Kirk; that he can not err; that all power is grantit unto him," &c., by the quhilk usurpit authoratie, he taikis upoun him the distributioun and possessioun of the haill patrimony of the Kirk, quhairby the trew Ministeris of the word of God lang tyme hes bene altogidder neglectit, the godlie learning dispysit, the sculeis not providit, and the poore not onlie defraudit of thair portioun, but alssua tyrannouslie oppressit ; We lykwise heirof desyre remedy.

And least that your Honouris sould dowt of any of thir premisses, we offer oure selfis evidentlie to prove, that in all the [rabill of the] Clergye thair is not ane lauchfull minister, gif

Godis word, the practise of the Apostillis, and thair awin ancient Lawis, sall judge of lauchfull electioun.

We farther offer oure selfis to prove thame all thevis and murtheraris, yea, rebellis and tratouris to the lauchfull authoritie of Empriouris, Kyngis, and Prenceis; and thairfor unworthy to be sufferrit in any Reformeit Commonwealth.

Quhow malitiouslie thay have murtherit oure brethren, for na uther cause, bot for that thay offerrit to us the licht of Godis word, your

Honouris can not be ignorant; and in quhat hasard thair tyrranie hes brocht this haill Realme, the ages efter will considder.

Gif ye luik of thame any uther fruit in tymeis cuming, than ye have sene in thame quham we accuse, we ar assurit ye sall be desavit.

Now hes God, beyond all expectatioun of man, maid youre selfis, quha sum tymeis war suppliantis with us for Reformatioun, jugeis, as it war, in the caus of God.

At least he hes subdewit your ennemeis unto you, that by violence thay ar nocht abill to suppress the veritie, as heirtofoir thay haif done.

We thairfoir, in the bowellis of Jesus Chryst, crave of your Honouris, that ather thay be compellit to answer to our former accusationis, and to sick uthiris as we justlie have to lay to

THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION.

Boox III. thair chargeis, or ellis that, all affectioun laid asyde, ye pronunce thame be censement of this Parliament sick, and cause thame to be sua reputit, as by us maist justlie thay ar accusit ; especiallie, that thay be decernit unworthy of honour, authoritie, charge, or cure within the Kyrk of God, and sa from hencefurth never to joy vote! in Parliament.

Quhilk gif ye do not, than in the feir of God, and by the assurance of his word,

We foirwairne you, that as ye haif ane grevouse yock, and ane burding intollerabill upoun the kyrk of God within this Realme, so sall thay be thornis in youre eyes, and pryckis in your sydis, quhom efter, quhen ye wold, ye sall have no power to remove.

God the Father of our Lord Jesus Chryst give yow upricht hartis, seiking his glory ; and trew understanding quhat this day he quha delyverit yow fra bondage, baith spirituall and temporall, cravis of yow by his servandis:

And youre Honouris Answer maist humbly we requyre.

This oure Supplicatioun being red in audience of the haill assembly, dyverse men war of dyverse jugementis; for als sone thair war that uprichtlie favourit the cause of God, sa war thair many that for warldlie respectis abhorrit ane perfect

Reformatioun, (for how many within Scotland that have the name of Nobilitie, ar not injust possessouris of the patrimony of the Kyrk.) And yitt war the Barronis and Ministeris callit, and commandement gevin unto thame, to draw, in playne and severall heidis, the summe of that Doctrine, quhilk thay wald menteyne, and wald desyre that present Parliament to establische, as hailsome, trew, and onlie necessarie to be beleivit, and to be resavit within that Realme:

Quhilk thay willinglie acceptit, and within foure dayis presentit this Conrzssroun as it followis, without alteratioun of any ane sentence :— 'In Vautr. edit. " to enjoy voice."

THE CONFESSIOUN OF FAITH PROFESSIT AND

BELEVIT BE THE PROTESTANTIS WITHIN

THE REALME OF SCOTLAND, PUBLISCHEIT

BY THAME IN PARLIAMENT, AND BE THE

ESTAITIS THAIROF RATIFEIT AND APPRO-

VIT, AS HAILSOME AND SOUND DOCTRINE,

GROUNDIT UPOUN THE

INFALLABLE

TREWTH OF GODIS WORD.

MATHEI 24.

AND THIS GLAID TYDINGIS OF THE KYNGDOME SALL BE PRECHEIT

THROUCH THE HAILL WARLD, FOR A WITNES UNTO ALL NATIOUNS,

AND THEN SALL THE END CUM.

(Title-page of the first printed edition.) The Gonfel(ltone of the fapht and Voctrin beleued and profeffed by the Protettantes of the Realme of Scotland exhibited to the eftates of the fam in parliament and by thare publict votes authorifed as a Dortrin grounded bpon the infallable wourd of Gov. e Matth. 24.

And this glatd tydinges of the KingDom shalbe preached throught the hole world for a witnefs to all nations and then shall the end cum.

Imprinted at Edinburgh, be Robert Lekprewik.

Cum priutlegto.

1561.

THE PREFACE

Tur Esrarris or Scortanp, with the Inhabitantis of the samyn, professing Chryst Jesus his Holy Evangell,!

To thair naturall Cuntreymen, and to all utheris Realmeis and Natiouns, professing the samyn Lord

Jesus with thame, wische grace, peace, and mercy from God the Father of our Lord Jesus Chryst, with the Spreit of rychteouse jugement, for Salutatioun.

Lona have we thristit,2 deir Brethren, to haif notifeit unto the warld the summe of that doctrin quhilk we professe, and for the quhilk we haif sustenit infamy and daingear.

Bot sik hes bene the rage of Sathan against us, and against Chryst Jesus his eternall veritie laitlie borne amangis us, that to this day na tyme hes bene grantit unto us to cleir our consciencis, as maist glaidlie we wald have done ; for how we have bene tossit ane haill yeir past, the maist pairt of Europe (as we suppoise) dois understand.

Bot seing that of the infinite gudnes of our God (quha never sufferris his afflictit to be utterlie confoundit) above expectatioun, we have obteinit sum rest and libertie, we could not bot sett furth this breve and playne Confessioun of sik doctrine as is proponit unto us, and as we beleif and professe, pairtlie for satisfactioun of oure

Brethren, quhais hartis we dout not have bene and yitt ar woundit be the dispytefull railling of sik as yitt have not leirnit to speik weill; and pairtlie for stopping of the mouthis of impudent blasphemaris, quha baldlie condempne? that 1In Vautr. edit. &c., " Gospell." the early editions of this Confession 2 In the printed copies 1561, "thrust_ will be given in the Appendix to this ed;" and in the London edit. 1561, lines —_ volume.

5-6, of the title, " by their publicke 8 Jn the printed copies 1561, '" dampvoices authorised."—Some notices of ne," and " damne."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. quhilk thay have neither hard nor yet understand.

Not that we judge that the cankerit malice of sik is abill to be cured be this sempill Confessioun:

Na, we knaw that the sweit, savour of the Evangell! is, and sall be death to the sonis of perditioun.

Bot we haif cheif respect to our weak and infirme brethren, to quham we wald communicat the bottome of oure hartis, least that thay be trubillit or careit away be the diversiteis of rumouris quhilk Sathan sparsis contrar us,? to the defecting of this oure maist godlie interprise ; Protesting, that gif any man will note in this oure Confessioun any article or sentence repugning to Godis holie word, that it wald pleis him of his gentilnes, and for Christiane cherities saik,? to admoneise us of the samyn in writt; and We of our honour and fidelitie do promeis* unto him satisfactioun fra the mouth of God, (that is, fra his holy Scriptures,) or ellis reformatioun of that quhilk he sall prove to be amyss.

For God we taik to record in our conscienceis, that fra oure hartis we abhoir all sectis of heresye, and all techaris of erroneous doctrine; and that with all humylitie we embrace the puritie of Christis

Evangell, quhilk is the onlie foode of our saullis ; and thairfoir sua precious unto us, that we ar determinit to suffer the extremitie of warldlie daingear, rather than that we will suffer oure selvis to be defraudit of the same.

For heirof we ar maist certainlie persuaidit, "That quhasoever denyis Chryst Jesus, or is eschameit of him, in presens of men, sall be denyit befoir the Father, and befoir his holie angellis." And thairfoir be the assistance of the mychtie Spreitt of the same, oure

Lord Jesus, we firmlie purpoise to abyde to the end in the Confessioun of this oure Faith.® 1In Lond. edit. 1561, " Gospell." are here omitted, and the passage reads :

2Jn Lond. edit. 1561, "spreadsabrode " repugnyng to God's holye worde, and against us." do admonishe us of the same in writyng, 3 In Edinb. edit. 1561, "for Christes we by God's grace do promesse,"

&c. and cherites sake."

5 Jn the printed copies 1561, " oure +JIn Lond. edit. 1561, several words Faithe, as by articulis followeth."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Orr Gop.—Cap. 1.1

We confesse and acknawledge ane onlie God, to quhom onlie weg we must cleave, [quhom onlie we must serve,?] quhom onlie we must wirschip, and in quhom onlie we must put our trust ; quha is eternall, infinite, unmesurable, incomprehensible, ome tre nipotent, invysible: ane in substance, and yit distinct in thre Gea.1. personis, the Father, the Sone, and the Holie Ghost:

Be quhom we confesse and beleif all thyngis in hevin and in earth, alsweill visible as invisible, to haif bene creatit, to be reteanit in thair being, and to be rewllit and gydeit be his Bai. inscrutabill Providence, to sick end as his eternall wisdome, gudnes, and justice hes appointit thame, to the manifesta-~ Proverb. 16. tioun of his awin glorie.

OFF THE CREATIOUN oF Man.—Cap. 11.

We confesse and acknawledge this oure God to haif creatit den. 1.2.

Man, (to. witt, our fyrst father Adam) of quhom also God formit the Woman to his awin image and similitude ;3 to quhom he gaif wisdome, lordschip, justice, fre-will, and cleir knawledge of him selff; sua that in the haill nature of man thair could be notit na imperfectioun: Frome quhilk honour and perfectioun man and woman did baith fall; the woman being desavit Gen. s. be the Serpent, and man obeying to the voice of the woman, baith conspyring against the Soverane Majestie of God, quha in expressit wordis of befoir had threatnit death, gif thay presumeit to eit of the forbiddin tree. printed copies," in the following notes to the Confession, is signified the editions

1The numbers of the Chapters, and the marginal Scriptural references are not contained in any of the MS. copies of Knox's History.

They are here supplied from the first edition of the Confession, printed by Lekprevik in 1561, compared with the Acts of Parliament of 1567, printed in 1668. printed in 1561, and the several editions of the Acts of Parliament 1567.

8 The words, "of quhom.also God formit the woman to his awin image and similitude," are omitted in the editions of the Confession 1561, and of the Acts of Parliament 1567: also in Adamson's Latin translation, 1572.

2 These words, and such others as are inclosed within brackets, are omitted in the copies of Knox.

By " the old VOL, II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Orr OricInaLL Syn.—Cap. II.

By quhilk transgressioun, commonlie callit Originall Syn, Ephes. 3.

Rom. 5.

Joan, 3. was the image of God utterlie defaceit in man; and he and.

Rom. 5. 8. his posteritie of nature became ennemeis to God, slavis to Sathan, and servantis to syn; in samekill that death everlesting hes haid, and sall have power and dominioun over all that hes not bene, ar not, or sall not be regenerat frome above : quhilk regeneratioun is wrocht be the power of the Holy

Ghost, wirking in the hartis of the elect of God ane assureit faith in the promeise of God, reveillit to us in his word ; by quhilk faith thay apprehend! Chryst Jesus, with the graces and benefites promesit in him.

Orr THE REVELATIOUN OF THE PRoMEIS.—CaApP. Iv.

For this we constantlie beleif, that God, efter the feirfull and horribill defectioun of man frome his obedience, did seik

Adam agane, call upoun him, rebuk his syn, convict him of the same, and in the end maid unto him a maist joyfull promeisse, to witt, " That the seid of the woman sould brek doun the serpentis heid ;" that is, he sould destroy the warkis of the Gen. 5.

Gen. 12. 15.

Devill.

Quhilk promeis, as it was repeitit and maid mair cleir from tyme to tyme, sua was it embraceit with joy, and maist constanthe retenit? of all the faithfull, frome Adam to Noah, frome Noah to Abraham, from Abraham to David, and sua

Esai. 7. 8. furth to the incarnatioun of Chryst Jesus: quha all (we mene the faithfull Fatheris under the law,) did se the joyfull dayis of Christ Jesus, and did rejoyse.

TuE ConTINUANCE, INCREASE, AND PRESERVATIOUN OF THE

Kirx.2—Cap. v.

We maist constantlie beleif, that God preservit, instructit, Hzech. 16. multipleit, honourit, decoirit, and frome death callit to lyfe his

1JIn the old printed copies, " we ap2Tm the old printed copies, "ressavit." prehend."

* In the editions 1561, " Church."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Kirk in all aiges, fra Adam, till the cuming of Chryst Jesus in Gen. 12.13. the flesche: for Abraham he callit frome his fatheris cuntrey, ee ne him he instructit, his seid he multipleit, the same he marvalouslie preservit, and mair marvelouslie delyverit frome the bondage [and tyranny] of Pharao; to thame he gaif his lawis, constitutiouns, and ceremoneis; thame he possessit in the land 71,73. of Canaan; to thame efter Jugeis, and efter Saule he gaif David 2 Bes. 17. to be kyng, to quham he maid promeise, "That of the fruit of his loynis sould ane sitt for ever upoun his regall saitt."

To this same pepill from tyme to tyme he send propheittis to reduce thame to the recht way of thair God, frome the quhilk often tymis thay declyneit by idolatrie.

And albeit for thair stubburne contempt of justice, he was compellit to gif thame in the handis of thair ennemeis, as befoir was threatnit by the mouth of Moyses, in samekill that the halye citie! was dea hee he stroyit, the tempill brynt with fyre, and the haill land left Je %. desolat the space of sevintie yeiris; yitt of. mercy did he Ae 2. reduce thame agane to Jerusalem, quhair the citie and tempill war reedifeit, and they, against all temptatiounis and assaultis of Sathan, did abyde till the Messias came, according to the promeise.

Orr THE INCARNATIOUN oF Curyst JEsUs\—CapP. VI.

Quhan the fulnes of tyme came, God send his Sone, his Eternall Wisdome, the substance of his awin glory, in this oa. 4 warld, quha tuik the nature of manheid of the substance of ane woman, to witt, of ane Virgin, and that be the operatioun of te. 1, 2. the Holie Ghost: And sa was borne the just seid of David, the angell of the greit counsall of God; the verray Messias proBi mesit, quham we acknawledge and confesse Emanuell ; verray

God and verray man, twa perfyte naturis unitit and joynit in ane persone.

By quhilk oure confessioun we dampne2 the 1In the MSS. of Knox, " the haill 2 In the old printed copies, " contye ? citie." dempne.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. damnabill and pestilent hereseyis of Arrius, Marcion, Eutiches, Nestorius, and sick utheris, as either deny! the eternitie of his

Godheid, either the veratie of his human nature, either confound thame, either yit devyde thame.

Quuy IT BEHOVIT THE MEDIATOUR TO BE VERRAY GOD AND

VERRAY Man.—Cap. VII.

We acknawledge and confesse, that this maist wonderous conjunctioun betwix the Godheid and the Manheid in Chryst

Jesus, did proceid frome'the eternall and immutabill decree of God, quhence alssua oure salvatioun springis and dependis.?

Evectioun.—Oap. VIII.

For that samyn Eternall God, and Father, quha of mere mercy electit us in Chryst Jesus his Sone, befoir the fundatioun of the warld was laid, appoyntit him to be oure Heid,

Iph. 1.

Heb, 2. our Brother, our Pastoure, and greit Bishop of oure Saullis.

Bot becaus that the enmitie betwix the justice of God and our synnes was sick, that no flesche by it self could or mycht

Joan, 10. have atteanit unto God, it behovit that the Sone of God sould discend unto us, and tak him selff ane body of oure body, flesche of oure flesche, and bane of oure baneis, and sua became' the perfyte Mediatour betwix God and man; giffing power to sa.mony as beleif in him to be the sonis of God, as him selff dois witnesse—"I pas up to my Father and unto

Joan 1, Joan 20. your Father, to my God and unto your God."

By quhilk maist halie fraternitie, quhatsoever we have lost* in: Adam ig restoirit to us againe.

And for this cause ar we not effrayit to call God our father, not samekill in that he hes creatit us,5

1Jn the old printed copies, " did deny ;"' and " or," instead of " either," in the two next lines. ment 1567, " fra quhilk all our salvatioun springs and depends."

In the old printed copies, "become."

* In the Acts 1567, " have tint."

2Jn the edition 1561, and MS. G, "whence also our salvation springeth, and dependeth ;" in the Acts of Parlia5 In the cditions 1561, " not so much because he hath created us."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

(quhilk we have common with the reprobat,) as for that he hes gevin to us his onlie Sone to be our brother, and gevin unto us grace to [acknawledge and] embrace him for oure onlie

Mediatour, as befoir is said..

It behovit farther, the Messias and Redeemer to [be] verray God and verray Man, becaus he was to underly! the punishment dew for oure transgresEs. 53. siouns, and to present him selff in the presence of his Fatheris jugement, as in oure persone, to suffer for, our: transgressioun and inobedience, by death to ovircum him that was author of death.

Bot becaus the onlie Godheid could not suffer death, neyther could the onlie Manheid ovircum the same; he joynit baith togidder in ane persone, that the imbecilitie of the ane squid suffer, and be subject to.death, (quhjlk we haid deservit,) and the infinite and invincible power of.the uther, to wit, of the Godheid, sould tryumphe and purchese till us lyfe, libertie, and perpetuall victoric.

And so we confess, and majst undowtedlie beleif.

Curystis Datu, Passtoun, Buryatt, &c.—Cap. rx.

That our Lord Jesus Chryst offerrit him self ane voluntarie sacrifice unto his Father for us; that he sufferrit contradictioun of synneris ; that he was woundit and plaigit for our transgresvee siouns ; that he being the clene and innocent Lamb of God, was dampnit in the presence of an. earthlie juge, that we mycht be absolvit befoir the tribunall seat of our God; that he sufferit not onlie the creuell death of the croce (quhilk was accursit be Pcut. 2). the sentance of God,) bot alssua that he sufferrit for a seassone 1. 3. the wrath of his Father, whilk synnaris had deservit.

Bot yitt we avow, that he remaneit the onlie and'weilbelovit andblissit Sone of his Father, evin in the myddis of 'his anguysche and torment, quhilk he sufferrit in body and saull, to mak the full satisfactioun for the synnis of his pepill.?

Efter the tev. 10.

1—n the London edition 1561, " to 2 In the old printed copies, " the beare upon him." people."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox IIT. quhilk, we confesse and avow, that thair remaneis na uther sacrifice for synnis; quhilk gif any affirme, we nathing dowt to avow that thay are blasphemaris against Chrystis death, and the everlesting purgatioun and sattisfactioun purchessit till us by the same.

REsuRRECTIOUN.—CapP. X.

We undoutedlie beleif, that insamekill as it was impossibill Act. 2. 3. that the dolouris of death sould reteane in bondage the Author

Rom. 6, of lyff, that our Lord Jesus Chryst crucifeit, deid, and buryit, quha discendit into hell, did raise agane for our justificatioun, and distroying [of] him who was [the] author of death, brocht lyfe agane to us that war subject to death and to the bondage of the same.

We knaw that his resurrectioun was confirmit be the testimonye of his verray ennemeis; by the resurrecMat. 28.

Mat, 27. tioun of the deid, quhais sepulturis did oppin, and thay did arise and apperit to many within the Citie of Jerusalem.

It was alssua confirmit be the testimonie of [his] Angellis, and be Joan, 20, 21. the senses and jugementis of his Apostleis, and [of] utheris, quha had conversatioun, and did eit and drynk with him efter his .resurrectioun.

ASCENSIOUN.—OAP. XI.

We nathing dowt, bot that the selff samyn body, quhilk was borne of the Virgine, was crucifeit, deid, and buried, and quhilk did ryse agane, did ascend into the heavinis for the accompleischment of all thingis; quhair, in oure names, and for our conAct. 1. fort he hes resavit all power in hevin and in earth, quhair he

Mat. 28. sittis at the rycht hand of the Father inaugurat in his kingdome, advocat and onlie Mediatour for us; quhilk glorie, honour, and prerogatyve he allone amangis the brethren sall

1 Joan, 2.

1 Tim. 2. possesse, till that all his ennemyes be maid his futestule, as Psal. 110. that we undoubtedlie beleif thay sall be in the finall jugement ; to the execution quhairof we certainlie beleif that the same oure Lord Jesus sall visibillie returne as that he was sene to

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

ascend: And than we firmlie belief, that the tyme of refresching and restitutioun of all thingis sall cum, in samekill that thay that from the begynning have sufferit violence, injurie, and wrang for rychteousnes saik, sall inherit that blissit immortalitie promesit from the begynning ; bot contrariewyse, the Apoe. 20. stubburne, inobedient, cruell, oppressouris, filthy personeis, Esai. 66. adulteraris, and all sortis of unfaithfull [men] sall be cast in the dungeoun of utter darknes, quhair thair worme sall not. dye, neather yitt thair fyre [sall] be extinguischeit.

The remembrance of the quhilk day, and of the jugement to be executit in the same, is not onlie to us ane brydill quhairby oure carnall lustis ar refranit; but alsso sick inestimabill confort, that neather may the threatning of wardlie princeis, neyther yitt the feir of temporall death and present daingear move us to renunce and forsaik that blissit societie, quhilk we the members have with oure Head and onlie Mediatour Christ

Jesus, whome we confesse and avow to be the Messias promissed, the only Head of his Kirk, our just Lawgevar, oure onlie Hie Preast, Advocat, and Mediatour.

In whiche honouris Esai. 7. ollos, 1. and offices, yf man or angell presume to intruse thame selfis, we utterlie detest and abhorre thame, as blasphemous to oure Heb. 9.

10.

Soverane and Supreame Governour, Christ Jesus.

Faitu 1n THE Hoty Guost.—Cap. Xu.

This our Faith, and the assurance of the same, proceidis not Mat. 16. frome flesche and blood, that is to say, frome no naturall poweris within us, but is the inspiratioun of the Holy Ghost: erer

Whome we confesse God, equall with the Father and with the Sone; who sanctifieth us, and bringeth us in all veritie by his awin operatioun ; without whome we should remane for ever enemyes to God, and ignorant of his Sone, Christ Jesus.

For of nature we ar so dead, so blynd and so perverse, that neather can we feill when we ar pricked, see the lycht when it schynes, nor assent to the will of God when it is reveilled ;

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. onlie! the Spreit of the Lord Jesus quickinneth that which is dead, removeth? the darknes from our myndis, and boweth oure stubburne heartis to the obedience of his blessed will.

And so as we confesse that God the Father created us when we war not; as his Sone, our Lord Jesus redeamit us when we war ennemyes to him: so also do we confesse that the Holy Ghost dois sanctifie and regenerat us, without all respect of any merite proceading from us, be it befoir, or be it after oure regeneratioun.

To speak this one thing yit in more plane Rom. 5. wordis, as we willinglie spoyle oureselves of all honour and glorie of oure awin creatioun and redemptioun ; so do we also of oure regeneratioun and sanctificatioun: For of our selves we ar nott sufficient to think ane good thoght ; but he who hes begune the good work in us, is onlie he that continueth us in 2 Corin. 3. the same, to the praise and glorie of his undeserved grace.

THE Cause or Goop WorkIs.—COapP. x111.2

So that the caus of Good workis, we confess to be, nott our:

Joan, 15. free will, but the Spreit of the Lord Jesus, who dwelling in Ephes. 2. oure heartis be trew faith, bringis furth sick good workis as God hath prepared for-us to walk into: for this we most boldlie affirm, that blasphemy it is to say, that Christ Jesus abydis in the heartis of sick as in whome thair is na spreit of Sanctificatioun.

And thairfoir we fear nott to affirme, that murtherraris, oppressouris, cruell persecutaris, adulteraris, whoremongaris, filthy personis, idolateris, drounkardis, theavis, and all workaris of iniquitie, have neather trew faith, neather any portioun of the spreat of Sanctificatioun, whiche proceadeth frome the Lord Jesus, so long as thei obstinatlie continew in thair wickednes.

For how sone that ever the spreit of the Lord Jesus, (whiche Godis elect children resaye by trew fayth,)

1 & ?In the old printed copies, "un_ the Acts of Parliament 1567, this Chapless the Spirite, &c. quickin that;" and ter is numbered 14, and the mistake is * remove the," &c.: " and bow." continued throughout, so that the last * In the old printed copies, including Chapter 25, is numbered 26.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

takis possessioun in the heart of any man, so soon dois he regenerat and renew the same man; so that he begynnis to hate that whiche befoir he luffit, and begynnis to luif that whiche befoir he hated; and from thence cumis that continewall battell which is betwix the flesche and the spreit in Godis children; while the flesche and. naturall man (according, to the awin corruptioun) lustis for things pleasing and gat s. delectable unto the self, grudges in, adversitie, is lyfted up in prosperitie, and at everie moment is prone and reddye to offend the Majestie of God.

Bot the Spreit of God, whiche giveth witnessing till our spreit, that we ar the sones of God, Rom. s. makis us to resist the devill, to abhorr! fylthy pleasouris, to groane in Godis presence for deliverance from this boundage of corruptioun ; and finally, so triumphe over syne that it reigne not in our mortall bodyes.

This battell hes nott the carnall men, being destitut of Goddis Spreitt ; but do follow and obey syn with greadynes, and without repentance, evin as the. devill and thair corrupt lustis do prick thame.

But the sonnes of God (as befoir is said) does feght against syn, do sobb and murne, when they perceave thame selfis tempted to iniquitie ; and gif they fall, they ryse agane with earnest and unfeaned repentance.

And these thingis they do nott by thair awin power, but the power of the Lord Jesus (without whome thai war able to do nothing) wyrketh in thame all that is good.?

Joan 15, Wuat WoRKIS AR REPUTED GooD BEFOIR Gop.—CapP. xIv.3

We confesse and acknawledge, that God hes gevin to man his holy law, in whiche not onlie ar. forbiddin all sick workis oniere

3 The marginal notes on this and the following Chapters, (with the exception of the Scripture references,) are not contained in Lekprevik's edition 1561: they are copied from the edition of the Confession, printed at London by R. Hall,

1In the old printed copies, the words, " the deyill, to abhorr," are omitted.

2 In the editions 1561, and in the Acts 1567, the last seven words are omitted : the sentence runs thus, " but by the power of the Lord Jesus, without whom thai war hable to do no1561, small 8vo. thing."

THE HISTORY OF

Bvox III. theLaw. whiche displease and offend his Godlye Majestie; but also ar commanded all sick as please him, and as he hath promised to rewarde.

And these workis be of two sortis; the one ar done to the honour of God, the other to the proffit of our nychtbouris ; and baith have the reveilled will of God for thair

The workes of assurance.

'T'o have one God, to wirschepe and honour him; to the First Table. call upoun him in all our trubles; to reverence his holy name ; to hear his word; to beleve the same; to communicat with Fphes.6. his holy sacraments ;—ar the workis of the First Table.

To honour father, mother, princes, reullaris, and superiour poweris ; to love thame; to supporte thame, yea, to obey thair charges (not repugnyng to the commandiment of God); to wu. save the lyves of innocents; to represse tyranny; to defend

The workes of the Second Table. linea, the oppressed ; to keep our bodyes cleane and holy ; to lyve cag in sobrietie and temperance; to deall justlie with all men, boyth in word and in deed ; and, finallie, to represse, all appetite of our nychtbouris hurte ;—ar the good workis of the Second Table, whiche ar most pleasing and acceptable unto

God, as those workis that are commanded by him self.

The Things concontrarie whairof is syn most odiouse, whiche always distrari to the :

Firste and Sej } , Fire aneSe pleasses him, and provokes him to anger,—as, nott, to call upoun him allone when we have nead ; not till hear his word, with reverence ; to contempne;and despyse it; to. have or to wyrschipe idolles ; to mainteane and defend idolatrie; lychtlie to esteame the reverent. name of God; to prophane, abuse, or won ~~ contempne the sacramentis of Christ Jesus; to disobey or resist any that God hes placed in authoritie, (while thei pas not ower the boundis of thair office) ; to murther, or to consent thairto, to bear hattrent, or to suffer innocent blood to.be schedd geve we may ganestand! it; and, finallie, the transgressing of any other commandiment in the First: or Secound

Table, we confesse and affirme to be syn, by the. which Goddis hote displeasour is kendilled? against the proude and 1Tn the old printed copies, " with- ? In the old printed copies, " Goddis stand." hait and displesoure is kendlit."

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THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

unthankfull world.

So that Good workis we affirme to be these onlie that ar done in faith, [and] at Goddis commandiment, who in his.law hes expressed what be the thingis that please him: And Evill workis, we affirme, nott onlie those that ar expressedlie done against Goddis -commandiment, but, those also that, in materis of religioun and.wirschipping of God, have no [uther] assurance butt. the inventioun and opinioun of man, Se whiche God .frome the begynning hes ,ever rejected; as by the prophete Esaias, and by our, maister Christ Jesus, we ar taught in these wordis—" In vane do they wirschepe me, teiching the doctrine being preceptis of men." !

THE PERFECTIOUN OF THE Law AND IMPERFECTIOUN

oF Man.—CapP. xv.

The Law of God, we confesse.and acknawledge most just, nom. 7. most equall, most holy, and most perfite ; commanding those Psat 19. thingis, whiche being wrocht in perfectioun, war able to. geve lyfe, and [able] to bring man to eternall felicitie:

But our napeut. 6. ture is so corrupt, so weak, and imperfite, that we ar never able to fulfill the workis of the Law in perfectioun ; yea, " Yf we say nom. 10. we have no. syn, (evin after we ar regenerat,) we deceive our selfis, and the-veritie of. God is not into us."

And-thairfoir it arg behoved us to apprehend Christ Jesus, with his justice and: caus. satisfactioun, who is the end and. accomplishment of the Law, to all that beleve, by whome.we ar sett at this libertie, that the curse and .maledictioun of God,? fall not upoun. us, albeit ere that we fulfill not the same in all pointis.

For God the Rom.4.

Father beholding. us in the body. of his. Sone Christ Jesus, accepteth oure imperfyte obedience as it ware perfite, and coverith our workis, whiche ar defyled with many spottis, with the justice.of his-Sone.

We do not meane that we ar so set at libertie, that we, awe no. obedience to.the Law, (for that 2 In the MSS. of Knox, " maledictioun 1 In the old printed copies, " the docof the Law." trines the preceptes of men."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. befoir we have plainelie confessed) ; but this we affirme, that no man_in earth, (Christ Jesus onlie excepted,) hath gevin, geveth, or, shall geve.in work, that obedience to the Law which..the Law requyreth.

But when we have done all thingis, we must fall doun and unfeanedlie confess, " That we ar unprofitable servandis." And thairfoir whosoever boast thame

Lue. 17. selves of the.merittis of thair awin. workis, or.putt thair trust To put trust in our own workes, is damnable idolatrie. in the workis of supererogatioun, they boast. thame selfis, of that whiche is not, and putt thair trust in damnable idolatrie.

Or Tue Kirx.1—Oap. xvi.

As we believe in one God, Father, Sone, and Holy Ghost, so do we most earnestlie, beleave? that.from the begynning thair hes bein, now is, and to the end of the.warld shalbe a Matth. 28.

Churche ; that is to say,.a company and multitude of men Ephes. 1. chosin of God, who rychtlie worschip and embrace him, by trew fayth.in Christ Jesus, who is the onlie Head of the same

Collos. 3.

Ephes. 5.

Kirk, whiche also is the body and spous of Christ Jesus ; whiche Kirk is Catholik, that is, universall, becaus it conteanes the Elect of'all aiges, [of].all realmes, nationis, and tounges, be thai of the Jewis, or be thai of the Gentiles, who have communioun and societie with God the Father, and with his Sone

Apoc. 7.

Christ Jesus, throcht the sanctificatioun of his Holy Spreit ; and thairfoir itis called [the] communioun, not of prophane personis but of sanctis, who, as citizens of the -heavinlie Jerusalem, have the fruitioun of the most inestimable benefitis, to Ephes. 2. witt, of ane God, ane Lord Jesus, ane faith, and of ane baptisme ; out of the? whiche Kirk thair is neather lyfe, nor eternall felicitie.

And thairfoir we utterlie abhorr the blasphemye of those that affirme, that men quhilk live according to equitie and justice, shall. be saved, what religioun 'soever they have professed.

For as without Christ Jesus thair is neather Joan. 5.6.

1 Here and elsewhere, in the editions 2 In the old printed copies, " con1561, " Church" is uniformly substistanthie believe." tuted in place of " Kirk."

3 In the MSS. of Knox, "without the."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

lyfe nor salvatioun, so shall thair nane be participant thairof but sik as the Father has gevin unto his Sone Christ Jesus, and those [that] in tyme come to him, avow his doctrine, and beleve into him, (we comprehend the children with the faythfull parentis).

This Kirk is invisible, knowin! onlie to 'God, who allone knoweth whome he hes chosin, and comprehendis alsweall (as said is) the Elect that be departed, (commounlie called the Kirk Triumphant), as those that yit leve and feght against syne and Sathan as shall leve hearefter.

THe IMMORTALITIE OF THE SAULLIS.—CapP. XVII.

The Elect departed are-in peace and rest-from thair laubouris; Apo. 14. not that thai sleap and come to ane certane oblivioun (as some fantastick headis! do affirme,) but that thai-ar delivered from Apoc.7. all fear, all torment, and all tentatioun, to whiche we and all

Godis elect ar subject in this lyfe; and thairfoir.do bear the name of .the Kirk militant.

As contrariewyse, the reprobat and unfaythfull departed; have anguishe, torment, and paine, that can nott be expressed.; so that neather ar-the ane nor the -other in sick sleap: that thai feill not 'joy or torment, as the Parable of Christ Jesus in -the saxtene: of Luke, his tue. 16. wordis to, the theaf, and these wordis of the saullis crying under-the altar, " O Lord, thou that arte rychteous and just, Apoe.o. how longe-shalt thow.not'revenge our blude upoun thame that dwell-upoun the earth!" doeth playnlie testifie.

Or tHe Noris BY WHICHE THE TRUE KIRK IS DISCEARNED FROM THE FALS, AND WHO SHALBE JUDGE OF TIE

DOOTRINE.—COAP, XVIII.

Because that Sathan from the begyning hes lauboured to deck his pestilent Synagoge with the title of the Kirk of God, and hes inflambed the heartis of cruell murtheraris to persecute, truble, and molest the trew Kirk and members thairof,

1Jn the old printed copies, " some fantastickis."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Gen.4.21.27. as Cain did Abell; Ismaell, Isaac; Esau, Jacob; and the whole Mat.23. preasthead of the Jewis, Jesus Christ him self, and his apostles

Jom. 12. after him ; it is a thing most requisite, that the trew Kirk be Act. 5. discernit frome the filthy synagoge, be cleare and perfite nottis, least we being deceaved, resave and embrace to our awin condemnatioun the ane for the other.

The nottis, signes, and assured tokenis whairby the immaculat spouse of Christ Jesus is knawin from that horrible harlote the Kirk malignant, we affirme ar neyther antiquitie, title usurped, lineall discente, place appointed, nor multitude of men approving ane errour ; for Cain in aige and title was preferred to Abell and Seth.

Jerusalem had prerogative above all places of the earth, whair also war the preastis lineally descended from Aaron; and greattare multitude! followed the Scribes, Pharaseis, and Preastis, then unfeanedlie beleaved and approved Christ Jesus and his doctrin; and yit (as we suppoise) na man of sound judgment? will grant that any of the foirnamed war the Kirk tewchuen of God.

The Notis, thairfoir, of the trew Kirk of God we beleve, confesse, and avow to be, first, The trew preaching of the word of God; into the whiche God hes reveilled him self to us, as the writtingis of the Prophettis and Apostles do deJoan. 1.10. clair.

Secoundlie, The rycht administratioun of the sacramentis of Christ Jesus, whiche mun be annexed to the worde and promisse of God, to seall and confirme the same in our

Rom.4. artis.

Last[ly], Ecclesiastical discipline uprychtlie ministred, as Godis word prescribed, whairby vice is repressed, and vertew nurished.

Whairsoever then these former nottis ar sene, and of any tyme continew (be the number never so few above twa

10.6. or thre) thair, but all dowbt, is the trew Kirk of Christ, who according to his promeise is in the myddis of thame: not that universal (of whiche we have befoir spokin) but particulare; sick as was in Corinthus, Galatia, Ephesus, and utheris

1Jn the old printed copies, " greater 2Jn the MSS. of Knox, " of holle number." judgment."

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places in whiche the ministerie was planted by Paule, and Act.16.18. war of him self named the Kirkig of God.

And sick kirkis, OE we, the Inhabitants of the Realme of Scotland, professouris of Christ Jesus, confesse us to have in our cities, townis, and places reformed ; for the doctrine taught in our kirkis is conteaned in the writtin word of God, to witt, in the buikis of the Auld and New Testamentis.

In these buikis we meane, whiche of the ancient have bene reputed canonicall, in the whiche we affirme that all thingis necessarie to be beleaved for the salvatioun of mankynd, is sufficientlie expressed ; the interpretatioun whairof, we confess, neather apperteaneth to privat nor publict persone, neather yit to any kirk for any preheminence or prerogative, personall or locall, whiche one hes above another; butt apperteaneth to the Spreit of God, by the whiche also the Scripture was writtin.

When contraversie To whom the interpretation then happinneth for the rycht understanding of any place of fee cet or sentence of Scripture, or for the reformatioun of any abuse 9"¢ within the Kirk of God, we aucht not sa mekle to look what men befoir us have said or done, as unto that whiche the Holy

Ghost uniformelie speakis within the body of the Scriptures, and unto that whiche Christ Jesus him self did, and commanded to be done.

For this is a thing universallie granted, that the Spreit of God, which is the Spirit of unitie, is in nothing contrarious unto himself.

Yf then the interpretatioun, 1 cor. 11. determinatioun, or sentence of any doctour, kirk, or counsall, repugne to the plane word of God writtin in any other place of [the] Scripture, it is a thing most certane, that thairis is nocht the trew understanding and meanyng of the Holy Ghost, supposing that Counsallis,! Realmes, and Nations have approved and receaved the same:

For we dar nott receave and admitt any interpretatioun whiche directlie repugneth to any principall point of our fayth, [or] to any other plane text of Scripture, or yitt unto the rewll of charitie.

1JIn the old printed copies, "although that Counsellis."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Tur AUTHORITIE OF THE SCRIPTURIS.—CaP. XIX.

As we beleve and confesse the Scriptures of God sufficient 1 Tim. 3. to instruct and maik the man of God perfect, so do we affirme' and avow the authoritie of the same to be of God, and neather to depend on men nor angellis.

We affirme thairfoir that sick as alledge the Scripture to have na [uther] authoritie, but that whiche is receaved from the Kirk, to be blasphemous against God, and injuriouse to the trew Kirk, whiche alwayis heareth and obeyeth the voice of hir awin Spouse and pastour, but taketh nott upoun her to be maistres over the same.

Joan. 10.

Or GENERALL CoUNSALLIS, OF THAIR PowznR, AUTHORITIE,

AND CAUSES OF THAIR CoNVENTIOUN.—CapP. XX.

As we do nott raschelie dampne that whiche godlie men, assembled togidder in Generall Counsallis, lauchfullie gathered, have approved! unto us; so without just examinatioun dar we not resave whatsoever is obtrused unto men, under the name of Generall Counsallis: for plane it is, that as they war men, so have some of thame manifestlie erred, and that in materis of great weght and importance.

So far then as the Counsall proveth the determinatioun and commandiment that it geveth by the plane word of God, so far do we reverence and emTlow far the Counsells are to be allowed.

Wherein they brace the same.

But yf men, under the name of a Counsall are to be jected. pretend to forge unto us new articles of our faith, or to maik constitutionis repugnyng to the word of God, then utterlie we mone refuise the same, as the doctrin of devillis which drawis

1 Tim. 4. our saullis from the voice of our onlie God, to follow the docWhy they were assembled. trines and constitutionis of men. The caus, then, why [that]

Generall Counsallis convened, was neather to mak any perpetuall law (whiche God befoir had nott maid,) neather yitt to forge new articles of our beleve, neather to give the word of God authoritie, mekle less to make that to be his worde, or yitt the trew interpretatioun of the same, which was not befoir by 'In the old printed copies, " have proponit."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

his holy will expreassed in his worde.

But the caus of CounWhyCounsels sallis, (we meane of sick as merite the name of Counsallis,) poe was partlie for confutatioun of heresyes, and for geving publict confessioun of thair faith to the posteritie following; whiche baith they did by the authoritie of Goddis writtin worde, and nott by any opinioun or prerogative that they could nott err, be reassoun of thair Generall assemblie: And this we judge to have bene the cheaf caus of Generall Counsallis.

The other was for good policie and ordour to be constitut and observed in the Kirk, in whiche (as in the house of God) it becumis all thingis to be done decentlie and into ordour.

Not that we think that ane policie, and ane ordour in Ceremonies can be appointit for all aigis, tymes, and plaicis; for as ceremonies (sick as men hes devised) ar but temporall, so may and aucht they to be Coens» changed, when they rather foster superstitioun, then that they canged when a they foster suedifie the Kirk using the same. peso.

OFF THE SACRAMENTIS.—CAP. XXI.

As the Fatheris under the Law, besydis the veritie of the sacrifices, had two cheaf Sacramentis, to witt, Circumcisioun and the Passover, the despysaris and contemnaris whairof war not reputed for Godis people ; so [do] we acknawledge and confesse that we now, in the tyme of the Evangell, have two! Sacramentis onlie, institutit be the Lord Jesus, and commanded to be used of all those that will be reputed members of his body, to witt, Baptisme and the Supper, or Table of the Lord

Jesus, called The Communioun of his body and bloode.

And these sacramentis (alsweill of the Auld as of the New Testament) war institut? of God, not onlie to maik ane visible difference betwixt his people, and those that war without his league ; but also to exercise the faith of his children ; and by The use of Saparticipatioun of the same sacramentis, to seall in thair heartis the assurance of his promeis, and of that most blessed con1 & 2 In the old printed copies, " two chief;" and " now instituted." vol. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. junctioun, unioun, and societie, whiche the Elect have with thair head, Christ Jesus.

And thus we utterlie dampne the vanitie of those that affirme Sacramentis to be nothing else but naked and bair signes.

No, we assuredlie beleve, that by Baptisme we ar ingrafted in Christ Jesus to be maid parBaptisme. takaris of his justice, by the whiche our synes are covered and remitted ; and also, that in the Supper, rychtlie used, Christ

Jesus is so joyned with us, that he becumis the verray nurishement and foode of our saullis.

Not that we ymagine any transsubstantiatioun of bread into Christis naturall body, and of wyne in his naturall bloode, (as the Papistis have perThe Lordis

Supoer, perfytiie and plainly described. niciouslie taught and dampnablie beleved ;) but this union and communioun whiche we have with the body and bloode of Christ

Jesus in the rycht use of the sacraments, is wrocht by operatioun of the Holy Ghost, who by trew faith caryes us above all thingis that ar visible, carnall, and earthle, and maikis us to feid upoun the body and bloode of Christ Jesus, whiche was ones brokin and schedd for us, whiche now is in the heavin, and appeareth in the presence of his Father for us.

And yit, notwithstanding the far distance of place, whiche is betwix his bodye now glorifeid in the heavin, and us now mortall in this earth, yit we most assuredlie beleve, that the bread which we break is the communioun of Christis body, and the cupp which we bliss, is the communion of his bloode.

So that we confesse, and undowttedlye beleve, that the faithfull, in the rycht use of the Lordis Table, so do eatt the body, and drynk the bloode of the Lord Jesus, that he remaneth in thame and thai in him: yea, that thai ar so maid flesche of his flesche, and bone of his bones, that as the Eternall Godheid hath -gevin to the flesche of Christ Jesus (whiche of the awin conditioun and nature was mortall and corruptible) lyfe and immortalitie, so doeth

Christ Jesus his flesche and bloode eatten and drunken by us, give to us the same prerogatives:

Whiche albeit we confesse, are neather gevin unto us at that onlie tyme, neather yit by

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

the propir power and vertew of the Sacramentis onlie ; yit we affrme, that the faithfull in the rycht use of the Lordis Table hes sick conjunctioun with Christ Jesus, as the naturall man can not comprehend: yea, and farther we affirme, that albeit the faithfull oppressed be negligence, and manlie infirmitie, doeth not proffeitt so mekill as thei wold att the verray instant actioun of the Supper, yit shall it after bring furth frute, as livelie seid sawin in good ground ; for the Holy Spreit, whiche can never be devided frome the rycht institutioun of the Lord

Jesus, will not frustrat the faythfull of the frute of that misticall actioun.

But all this, we say, cumis by trew fayth, whiche apprehendeth Christ Jesus, who onlie maikis his Sacramentis effectuall unto us; and, thairfoir, whosoever sclandereth us, as that we affirmed or beleved Sacramentis to be onlie naiked and bair signes, do injurie unto us, and speak against a manifest treuth.

But this liberallie and francklie we most confess, that we maik ane distinctioun betwix Christ

Jesus, in his naturall substance,! and betwix the elementis in the Sacramentall signes ; so that we will neather wirschip the signes in place of that which is signifeid by thame; neather yit do we dispyse and interprete thame as unprofitable and vane; but do use thame with all reverence, examyning our selfis diligentlie befoir that so we do, becaus we ar assured by the mouth of the Apostle, " That sick as eat of that bread, and drynk of that cupp, unworthelie, ar guyltie of the body and bloode2 of the Lord Jesus."

Orr tHE Rycut ADMINISTRATIOUN OF THE SACRAMENTIS.— Cap. XXII.

That Sacramentis be rychtlie ministred, we judge twa thingis requisit: the one, That thei be ministred be lauchfull ministeris, whome we affirme to be onlie thei that ar appointed

1In the old printed copies, "in his 2JIn the editions 1561, " and of the eternall substance." blood of Christ Jesus."'

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. to the preaching of the worde, or into whose mouthis God hes putt some sermoun of exhortatioun, thei being men lauchfullie chosin thairto by some Kirk.

The other, That thei be ministred in sic elementis, and in sic sorte as God hath appointed.

Ellis we affirme, that thei cease to be rycht Sacracoy wats x Mentis of Christ Jesus.

And, thairfoir, it is, that we flye the ee societie with the Papisticall Kirk, in participatioun of thair ments Sacramentis ; first, becaus thair ministeris ar no ministeris of we partie" Christ Jesus ; yea, (whiche is more horrible) thei suffer wemen, whome the Holy Ghost will not suffer to teache in the congregatioun, to Baptise.

And, secoundlie, Becaus thei have so adulterat, both the one sacrament and the other, with thair awin inventionis, that na pairte of Christis actioun abydeth in the originall puritie; for oyle, salt, spattle,! and siclyk in baptisme, are but menis inventionis; adoratioun, veneratioun, bearing throcht streittis and townes, and keaping of bread in boxes or buistis, are prophanatioun of Christis

Sacramentis, and no use of the same:

For Christ Jesus said, " Tak, eat, &c.; Do ye this in remembrance of me."

By which wordis and charge he sanctifeid bread and wyne to be the sacrament of his body? and blude; to the end, that the one should be eatten, and that all should drink of the other; and not that thei should be keapt to be wirschiped and honoured as God, as the blynd Papistis have done heirtofoir, who also connitaei Dave committed sacriledge, stealling frome the people the one er parte of the Sacrament, to witt, the blissed cupp.

Moreover, that the Sacramentis be rychtlie used, it is requyred, that the end and caus why the Sacramentis war institut, be understand and observed, alsweall of the minister as of the receaveris ; for yf the opinioun be changed in the receavare, the rycht use ceasseth ; whiche is most evident by the rejectioun of the sacrifices,.

(as also yf the teachar teache? fals doctrin,) whiche war 1 Tn some copies, " spittle."

8 In the old printed copies, " gif the 2 In some copies, " his holy body." teacher plainly teach, &c. befoir God."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Uy odiouse and abominable unto God (albeit thei war his awin ordinances,) becaus that wicked men use thame to ane other Such as think not rightly of end than God hath ordeaned.

The same affirme we of the Hae sacramentis in the Papisticall Kirk, in whiche we affirme the vin haill actioun of the Lord Jesus to be adulterat, alsweill in the externall forme, as in the end and opinioun.

What Christ Jesus did, and commanded to be done, is evident by the three Evangelistis [quho speak of the Sacrament,!] and by Sanct

Paule: What the preast does at his altare we neid not to rehearse.

The end and caus of Christis institutioun, and why the self same should be used, is expressed in these wordis,—" Do this in remembrance of me.

As oft as ye shall eatt off this bread and drynk of this cupp, ye shall schaw furth, (that is, extoll, preache, and magnifie,") the Lordis death till he come."

But to what end, and in what opinioun the preastis say thair masses, lett the wordis of the same, thair awin doctouris and writtingis witness, to witt, that thei, as mediatouris betwix

Christ and his Kirk, do offerr unto God the Father ane sacrifice propitiatorie for the synnes of the quick and the dead.

Which doctrine, as blasphemous to Christ Jesus, and macking derogatioun to the sufficiencie of his onlie sacrifice, ones offered for purgatioun of all those that shalbe sanctified, we utterlie abhorr, detest, and renunce.

To WHOME SACRAMENTIS APPERTEANE.—OaApP. XXIII.

We Confesse and acknawledge that Baptisme apperteaneth alsweall to the infantis of the faithfull, as to those that be of age and discretioun.

And so we dampne the errour of [the] Anabaptistes, who deny baptisme to apperteane to children, befoir that thei have faith and understanding.

But the Supper of the Lord, we confesse to apperteane onlie to sick as? have 1 Supplied from MS. G; but the old 2 Tn the old printed copies, " preach, printed copies also read, "by the Evanmagnifie, and prayse." gelistis, and by Sanct Paule;" omitting 8 Jn the old printed copies, "to sic the word " three." onlie as be of the houshald."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. bene of the houshold of faith, [and] can try and examyn thame selfis, asweill in thair faith, as in thair dewtie towardis thair nychtbouris.

Such as eat [and drink] at that holy table without fayth, or being at dissentioun and divisioun with thare brethren, do eat unworthelye: and thairfoir it is, that in our

Kirkis our Ministeris tackis publict and particulare examinatioun of the knowledge and conversatioun of suche as are to be admitted to the table of the Lord Jesus.

Or THE CivitE Macistrat.—Cap. XXIV.

We Confesse and acknawledge impyres, kyngdomes, dominiounis, and cities to be distincted and ordaned by God: the powers and authorities in the same (be it of Emperouris in thair impyris, of Kingis in thair realmes, Dukis and Princes in thair dominiounis, or of otheris Magistratis in free cities,) to be Godis holy ordinance, ordeaned for manifestatioun of his awin glorie, and for the singulare proffeit and commodite of mankynd.

So that whosoever goes about to tack away or to confound the haill state of civile policies, now lang establisched, we affirme the same men not onlie to be ennemyes to mankynd, but also wickedlie to feght against Godis expressed will.

We farther Confesse and acknawledge, that sic personis as are placed in authoritie are to be loved, honoured, feared, and holdin in most reverent estimatioun; becaus [that] thei are the . lieutennentis of God, in whose sessioun God him self doeth sitt and judge, (yea evin the Judges and Princes thame selfis,) to whome by God is gevin the sweard, to the praise and defence of good men, and to revenge and puniss all open malefactouris.

Moreover, to Kingis, Princes, Reullaris, and Magistratis, we affirme that cheiflie and maist principallie the reformatioun! and purgatioun of the Religioun apperteanes; so that not onlie thei are appointed for civile policey, bot also for mantenance of the trew Religioun, and for suppressing of idolatrie and superstitioun whatsomever, as in David, Josaphat, Eze1Jn the old printed copies, " conservatioun."

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

chias, Josias, and otheris, heychtlie commended for thair zeall in that caise, may be espyed.

And thairfoir we confesse and avow, that sick as resist the Supreme power, (doing that thing which apperteanis to his charge,) do resist Goddis ordinance, and thairfoir can not be guyltless.

And farther, we affirme, that whosoever deny unto thame thair aid, counsall, and conforte, while the Princes and Reullaris vigilantlie travaill in the executing! of thair office, that the same men deny thair help, supporte, and counsall to God, who by the presence of his lieutennent craveth it of thame.

THE GIFTIS FRELIE GEVIN TO THE Kirx.—CapP. xxv.

Albeit that the word of God trewlie preached, [and] the Sacramentis rychtlie ministred, and discipline executed according to the word of God, be the certane and infallible signes of the trew Kirk; yit do we nott so meane, that everie? particulare persone joyned with sick ane cumpany, be ane elect member of Christ Jesus.

For we acknawledge and confesse, that darnell, cokle, and chaff, may be sawin, grow, and in great abundance lye in the myddis of the wheat; that is, the reprobat may be joyned in the societie of the elect, and may externallie use with thame the benefites of the word and sacramentis; but sic being butt temporall professouris in mouth, but not in heart, do fall back and continew not to the end: and thairfoir haif thei no fruit of Christis death, resurrectioun, nor assentioun.

But sick as with heart unfeanedlie beleve, and with mouth boldlie confesse the Lord Jesus, (as befoir we have said,) shall most assuredly resave these giftis ; first, In this lyfe, remissoun of synnes, and that by faith onlie in Christis blude, insamekle, that albeit syne remane and continuallie abyd in these our mortall bodyes, yit it is not imputed unto us, but is remitted and covered with Christis justice.

Secondlic, In the generall judgement thair shalbe gevin 1Tn the old printed copies, "in exe2 Jn the old printed copies, " the trew cutioun."

Kirk; we meane not that every."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. to everie man and woman resurrectioun of the flesche; for the sea shall geve hir dead, the earth those that thairin be inclosed ; yea, the Eternall, our God, shall stretche out his hand upoun the dust, and the dead shall aryse incorruptible, and that in the substance of the [self] same flesche that everie man now bearis, to resave, according to thair warkis, glorie or punishment: for sik as now delyte in vanitie, creueltye, filthynes, superstitioun, or idolatrie, shalbe adjudged to the fyre inextinguishable, in the whiche thei shalbe tormented for ever, alsweall in thair awin bodyes, as in thair saullis, whiche now thei give to serve the devill in all abominatioun.

Butt sik as continew in weall doing to the end, boldlie professing the Lord Jesus, [we constantly beleve, that they sall receive glorie, honour, and immortalitie, to reigne for ever in life everlasting with Christ Jesus,!] to whose glorifeid body all his Elect shalbe [made] lyke, when he shall appeir agane to judgement, and shall render up the kingdome to God his Father, who then shalbe, and ever shall remane all in all thingis, God blessed for evir: To whome, with the Sone, and with the Holy Ghost, be all honour and glorie, now and ever.

AMEN.

Aryse, O Lord, and lett thy ennemyes be confounded: Lett thame flye frome thy presence that hait thy godlie name:

Give thy Servandts strenth to speak thy word in boldnes ; and lett all Nationis atteane to? thy trew knowledge.

Ture Actis AND ARTICLES WAR RED® IN FACE OF PaRLiA-

MENT, AND RATIFIED BE THE THRE ESTAITIS OF THIS

ReEsLME, at EDINBURGH, THE SEVINTENE DAY oF Avgust,4 THE YEAR OF Gop J". V°. AND THRESCOIR YEARIS.

1 This clause, omitted by Knox's 17th July, is given instead of the 17th amanuensis, is not contained in Vautr.

August, as the day when the Confession of Faith was ratified by Parliament.

The same mistake occurs in the rare edition of the Confession, printed at Edinburgh by John Scott, 1561, 4to.

—See Herbert's Typographical Antiquities, vol. iii. p. 1817. edit., or in the later MSS.

2 Jn the old printed copies of the Confession, '' cleif," " cleve," or "cleave to."

3In the Acts 1560 and 1567, "ar red."

4In the MSS. of Knox, and in Vautrollier's edition, the erroneous date,

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Tus oure ConFEssIouN was publictlie red, first in audience of the Lordis of Articles, and after in audience of the haill

Parliament ; whair war present, not onlie suche as professed Christ Jesus, but also a great number of the adversaries of our religioun, suche as the foirnamed Bishoppis, and some others of the Temporall Estate, who war commanded in. Goddis name to object, yf thei could, any thing against that doctrine.

Some of our Ministeris war present, standing upoun thair feit, reddye to have ansuered, in caise any wald haif defended the Papistrie, and impugned oure affirmatives: but whill that no objectioun was maid, thair was a day appointed to voting in that and other headis.

Oure Confessioun was redd, everie article by itself, over agane, as thei war wryttin in ordour, and the vottis of everie man war requyred accordinglie.

Of the Temporall Estate onlie voted in the contrair, the Erle of Atholl,1 the Lordis Somervaill? and Borthwik ;? and yit for thair disassenting thei produced no bettir reassone, but, " We will beleve as oure fatheris beleved."

The Bischoppis, (Papis1 John Stewart, fourth Earlof Atholl. extract from Randolph the English enHe succeeded his father in 1542,

He voy's letter to Sir William Cecil, on the enjoyed the favour of Queen Mary, and 19th of August, in which he says, "of promoted her marriage with Darnley. the Temporal Lords, the Earl of CassilHe afterwards joined in the Associalis, and the Earl of Caithness, said Noe; tion, and signed the warrant for the the rest of the Lords, with common Queen's custody in Loch-Leven.

In consent, allowed the same."

(Tytler's 1577, he became Lord Chancellor of Hist. of Scotland, vol. vi. p. 184, note.)

Scotland, and died 24th April 1579.

Lord Sommerville, who continued his 2 James sixth Lord Somerville, sucadherence to the Queen's party, at the ceeded to the title in 1550.

From Sadbattle of Langsyde, in May 1568, was ler's Correspondence it appears he was severely wounded; and he died in the in England in 1548, as a hostage for his | month of December following. father, who had been taken prisoner at 8 John fifth Lord Borthwick, in 1548, Solway.

(State Papers, vol. i. pp. 182, was served heir of his father, William 348.) His name occurs as signing the fourth Lord Borthwick, (his elder broBond in April 1560: (see page 63.)

It « ther, the Master of Borthwick, having may be questioned, therefore, whether died without issue.) He assisted the Knox is quite correct in the names of Queen Regent in her contests with the the persons whom he mentions as havLords of the Congregation; and died in ing openly opposed the Confession in 1565.

Parliament.

See in the Appendix an

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. ticall, we meane,) spack nothing.

The rest of the haill thre Estaittis, by thair publict votes, affirmed the doctrine; and many, the rather, becaus that the Bischoppis wold nor durst say nothing in the contrair; for this was the vote of the Erle

Merschell, 1—" It is long since I have had some favour unto the THE ERLE

MERSCHEDL-

TIS VOTE IN

PARLIAMENT. trewth, and since that I have had a suspitioun of the Papisticall religioun; but, I praise my God, this day hes fully resolved me in the one and the other.

For seing that my Lordis Bischoppis, who for thair learing can, and for the zeall that thei should bear to the veritie, wold, as I suppose, ganesay any thing that directlie repugnes to the veritie of God; seing,

I say, my Lordis Bischoppis heir present speakis nothing in the contrair of the doctrine proponed, I can nott but hold it to be the verie trewth of God, and the contrarie to be deceavable doctrine.

And thairfoir, so far as in me lyeth, I approve the one and dampne the other: And do farther ask of God, that not onlie I, but also all my posteritie, may enjoy the comforte of the doctrin that this day our earis have hearde.

And yitt more, I man vote, as it war by way of protestatioun, that yf any persones ecclesiasticall shall after this oppone thame selfis to this our Confessioun, that thei have no place nor credite, considdering that thei having long advisement, and full knawledge of this oure Confessioun, none is now found in lauchfull, free, and quyete Parliament to oppone thame selfis to that whiche we professe: And thairfoir, yf any of this generatioun pretend to do it after this, I protest he be repute rather one that loveth his awin commoditie and the glorie of the world, than the trewth of God, and the salvatioun of menis saullis."

After the voting and ratificatioun of this oure Confessioun, ? William Keith, fourth Earl Marispp. 251, note 2.

He died 7th October chall, who succeeded his grandfather in 1581, having spent many of his latter 1580. In 1541 he was appointed Extrayears in retirement, in his Castle of ordinary Lord of Session.

See vol. i.

Dunnottar.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

by the haill body of the Parliament, thair war also pronunced two Actis, the one against the Masse and the abuse of the Sacramentis, and the other against the Supreamacye of the Pape ;! the tenouris whairof followis :-—

THE Act against THE Mxssr. 2

In the Parliament haldin at Edinburgh, the tent of Julij, the year of God J™ fyve hundreth threscoir yearis, the said

Parliament being continewed to the first of August nixt thairafter following, with continewatioun of dayis, upoun the twenty-four day of the said moneth of August, the Thre

Kstaitis then being present: The whiche day, forsamekle as Almychtie God be his maist trew and blessed worde, hes declaired the reverence and honour quhilk should be gevin to him: and, be his Sone Jesus Christ, has declaired the trew use of the Sacramentis, willing the same to be used according to his will and worde:

Be the quhilk it is notour and perfitlie knawin that the Sacramentis of Baptisme and of the body and bloode of Jesus Christ, hes bene in all tymes bygane corrupted be the Papisticall Kirk, and be thair usurpit ministeris ; and presentlie, notwithstanding the Reformatioun allreaddy maide according to Goddis worde, yit nottheless thair is some of the same Papis Kirk that stubburnelie perseveris in thair wicked idolatrie, sayand Messe, and Baptizand conforme to the Papis Kirk, prophanand thairthrow the Sacramentis foirsaidis, in quyett and secreatt places, regardand thairthrow parate form, along with some of a subsequent date, connected with Religion,—

1st, In an edition " Imprintit at Edinburgh, be Johne Ros, Anno Do. 1580,"

4to; and 2dly, at " Edinburgh, prentit be Robert Waldegrave," 1598, 4to.

17The Acts referred to were renewed in the Parliament, held by the Regent Earl of Murray, in December

1567.

There was likewise another Act annulling all former Acts made for the maintenance of Idolatry, or '"' contrary to the Confession of Fayth, published in this Parliament."

It was only by such ratifications that any proceedings of the Parliament in 1560 were recorded.

The Acts alluded to were republished in a se2 The title in the Acts of Parliament 1567, is, ' Anent the Messe abolischit, and punisching of all that heiris or sayis the samin.—Cap. v."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. nowther God nor his worde:

Thairfoir it is statut and ordeaned in this present Parliament, that na maner of persone nor personis, in ony tyme cuming, administrat ony of the Sacramentis foirsaidis secreatlie, or ony other maner of way, but thei that ar admitted and havand power to that effect; nor say Messe, nor yit hear Messe, nor be present thairat, under the paine of confiscatioun of all thair goodis, [movabill and unmovabill,] and punisheing of thair bodyis at the discretioun of the Magistrattis, within whais jurisdiction sick personis happynnis to be apprehended, for the first fault; banisching of the Realme, for the secound fault; and justifieing to the dead, for the thrid falt: And ordainis all Schireffis, Stewartis, Bailleis, and thair deputtis, Provestis, and Bailleis of Burrowis, and otheris judges whatsumever, within this Realme, to taik diligent suyt and inquisitioun within thair boundis, whair ony sick usurped ministerie is used; Messe saying, or thei that beis present at the doing thairof, ratifeand and apprevand the samyn, and tack and apprehend thame, to the effect that the panis above wrettin may be execut upon thame.

Latractum de libro Parliamenti, per me, ete.

(Sic subscribitur,) Jacopus M°Grxt.1!

Tue Act ror ABOLISHING THE JURISDICTIOUN OF THE Parr.

In the Parliament haldin at Edinburgh, the tent day of Julij, the year of God J™ V° lx yearis, and thairefter continewit to the first day of August nixt thairefter following, with continewatioun of dayes, upoun the xxiiij of the said moneth of August :? The thre Estaitis, then being present, understanding that the jurisdictioun and authoritie of the Bis1Mr. James M'Gill, Clerk Register:

Pape, and his usurpit authoritie— see a subsequent note.

Cap. iii."

2 The title in the Acts of Parliament 3 Sec note to the preceding Act, which 1567, is, " Anent the abolissing of the was passed on the same day.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

chope of Rome, callit the Pape, usit [with]in this Realme in tymes bypast, hes [not onlie bene contumelious to the Eternall God, but also] verry hurtsome and prejudiciall to our

Soveranis authoritie, and commoun weall of this Realme:

Thairfoir hes statut and ordainit, that the Bischope of Rome, [callit the Paip,] have na jurisdictioun nor authoritie [with]in this Realme in tymes cuming; and that nane of oure said

Soveranis subjectis sute or desyre, in ony tyme heirefter, tytill or rycht, be the said Bischope of Rome or his sect, to ony thing within this Realme, under the panis of Barratrie; that is to say, proscriptioun, banishment, and never to bruik honour, office, nor dignitie within this Realme: And the contraveaneris heirof, to be callit befoir the Justice or his deputtis, or befoir the Lordis of the Sessioun, and punist thairfoir according to the lawis of this Realme: And the furnessaris of thame with fynance of money, and purchessaris of thair tytle of rycht, or manteaneris and defenderis of thame, sall incurr the samyn panis: And that na Bischope, nor uther

Prelatt of this Realme, use ony jurisdictioun in tymes to cum, be the said Bischope of Rome's authoritie, under the paine foirsaid.

Extractum, ete.

These and other thingis ordourlie done in lauchfull and free Parliament,! we direct to France, to our Soveranis, Sir

James Sandelandis, Lord of Sanct Johne,? with the Actes of the said copy of this abstract will be given in the Appendix, along with the extract of Randolph's letter, mentioned at page 121, note 2.

1 As already mentioned, no record of the proceedings of this Parliament in August 1560, was included in any of the printed collections of the Public Statutes, until Mr. Thomson restored the three Acts, (see page 123, note 1,) along with the Confession of Faith, in his edition of Acta Parl. Scot., vol. ii. pp.

525-535.

An abstract of the proceedings was furnished to Bishop Keith, by Father Innes, from Archbishop Beaton's MSS. in the Scots College, Paris: a

James Sandilands, second son of Sir James Sandilands of Calder, (see vol. i. page 3801,) became Preceptor of Torphichen, (ib. page 249,) and in virtue of this office, under the title of Lord St.

John, he had a seat in Parliament.

He was employed in several embassies; and with the rest of his family he joined

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Parliament, that by thame thei mycht be ratifeid according to the promeisse of thair Heyghness Commissionaris maid to us, as by the Contract of Peace most evidentlie may appear.

Bot how the said Lord of Sanct Johne was entreated we. list nott reherse; but alwyis no Ratificatioun brought he unto us.?

But that we litill regarded, or yit do regarde; for all that we did was rather to schaw our debtfull obedience, then to bege of thame any strenth to our Religioun, whiche from God hes full powar, and neideth nott the suffrage of man, but in so far as man hath neid to beleve it, yf that ever he shall have participatioun of the lyfe everlesting.

But somewhat most we answer to suche as since hes whispered, that it was but a pretended Parliament and a privye conventioun, and no lauchfull Parliament.

Thair reassonis ar, the King and Quene war in France; thair was neather sceptour, sweard, nor croune borne, &c., and some principall Lordis war absent.

We answer, That we rather wishe the Papistis to be quyett, nor too curiouslie to travell in that head; for it may be, that whill thei think to hurte us, thei tack the Quene and hir authoritie a great blawe, and yitt amend thame selffis nothing.

For in whose defalt, we pray yow, was the Quene absent frome this Realme?

We think thei will not be so schameless as that thei will blame the Protestantis thairof.

Her persone was absent, and [that] to no small greaff of our hartis.

But war nott the Estaitis of hir Realme assembled in hir name?

Yea, had thei nott hir full power and commissioun, yea, the commissioun the Reformers; this mission to France shews the estimation in which he was held.

Having obtained a grant of the possessions of the Knights Templars and Hospitallers in Scotland in 1568, the same were erected into a Free Bawith several interesting notices regarding the Templar Lands and Dignities, by Mr. Maidment, in the Spottiswoode Miscellany, (vol. ii. pp. 17-32,) Edinb. 1845,

8vo.

James Lord Torphichen, died 29th November 1596, leaving no issue, rony or a Temporal Lordship, in his fayour, by Queen Mary, as Lord Torphichen; and he relinquished his former and his estates and title devolved on his grand-nephew, James Sandilands of Calder. title of Lord St.

John.

See the copy of the Charter, dated 24th January 1563-4, 3 See note 1, page 181.

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

and commandiment of hir head the King of France, to convocat that Parliament, and to do all thingis that may be done in lauchfull Parliament, evin as yf oure Soveranis had bene thair in proper personis?

Yf thei will limitat the power of princes to the places onlie whair thair bodelye presence is, it will be thocht strange ; for so not onlie shall Kingis be compellit to content thame with one Realme, but also with one citie ; for the bodilie presence of Kingis can no more be in diverse cities in one instant, then that thei can be in diverse

Realmes.

Hitherto we haif understand, that whairsoever the Counsallouris of the King, with his power and commissioun, ar assembled to do any thing at his commandiment, that thair is the Kingis sufficient presence and authoritie, whairsoever his awin body be leving at fredome and libertie.

Which, yf the Papistis deny, we will find faultis with thame, and with the princes whome thei have abused, that more will annoy thame then anything that we can lose by the insufficiencie of that Parliament ; whiche not the less we ar bold to affirme, to have bene more lauchfull, and more free then any Parliament that thei ar able to produce this hundreth year befoir it, or yitt any that hath ensewed since it was; for in it, the votes of men war free, and gevin of conscience: in otheris thei war bought or gevin at the devotioun of the prince.

All thingis in it concluded ar able to abyde the tryall, and nott to be consumed at the prufe of the fyre.

Off otheris the godly may justly call in dowbt thingis determined.

To the sweard and sceptour, nor yitt to the absence of some Lordis, we ansuere nothing; for oure adversaries know weall yneuche that the one is rather a pompe and gloriouse vane ceremonye, than a substantiall point of necessitie, requyred to a lauchfull Parliament ; and the absence of some prejudges nott the poweris of the present, providing that dew advertisement be made unto thame.

But now we returne to oure Historye.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Tuer Parliament dissolved, consultatioun was had, how the Kirk mycht be establissed in a good and godlie Policy, whiche by the Papistes was altogether defaced.

Commissioun and charge was gevin to Mr. Johne Winram! Suppriour of Sanctandrois, Maister

Johne Spottiswoode, Johne Willok, Mr. John Douglas Rectour of Sanctandrois, Maister

Johne Row, and Johne Knox, to draw in a volume the Polecey and Disciplyn of the Kirk, as weill as thei had done the Doctrin; whiche thei did and presented to the Nobilitie, who did peruse it many dayis.

Some approved it, and willed the samyn have bene sett furth be a law.

Otheris, perceaving thair carnall libertie and worldlie commoditie somewhat to be impaired thairby grudged, insomuche that the name of the Book of Discipline became odious unto thame.

LEverie thing that repugned to thair corrupt affectionis, was termed in thair mockage, " devote imaginationis."

The caus we have befoir declaired; some war licentious ; some had greadelie gripped to the possessionis of the Kirk ; and otheris thought that thei wald nott lack thair parte of Christis coat; yea, and that befoir that ever he was hanged, as by the Preachearis thei war oft rebuked.

The cheaf great man that had professed Christ Jesus, and refuissed to subscrive the Book of Discipline, was the Lord Erskyn ;? and no wonder, for besydis that he has a verray Jesabell to his wyffe, yf the poore, the schooles, and the ministerie of the Kirk had thair awin, his keching wald lack two parttis and more, of that whiche he injustlie now possesses.

Assuredlye as one of the compilers of the Book of Discipline.

17In Knox's MS. 1566, the names of Winram and Douglas are added on the margin, apparently in his own hand; in the text being simply styled, " the Suppriour," &c., and "the Rectour," &¢.,

"the," being afterwards deleted.

In Vautr. edit., and the later MSS., the names are introduced into the text. The transcriber of MS. G, has, however, omitted the name of " John Willok,"

2 This charge of avarice was made against John Lord Erskine, afterwards Earl of Mar, and Regent of Scotland; who had married Annabella Murray, eldest daughter of Sir William Murray of Tullibardine, and Catherine, daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenurchy.

1560.

TH REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

some of us have woundered how men. that professe godlynes could of so long continewance hear the threatnyngis of God against theavis and against thair housses, and knowing thame selfis guyltie in suche thingis, as war openlie rebucked, and that thei never had remorse of conscience, neather yitt intended to restore any thingis of that, whiche long thei had stollen and refit.

Thair was none within the Realme more unmercyfull to the poore Ministeris then war thei whiche had: greatest rentis of the Churches.

But. in that we have petceaved the old proverbe to be trew, " Nothing can suffice a wreche;" and agane, "The bellie hes none earis." Yitt the same Book of Discipline was subscrived by a great parte of the Nobilitie: to witt, the Duckis Grace, the Erle of Arrane, the Erles Ergyle,

Glencarne, Merschall, Menteth, Mortoun, Rothes, Lord James, now Erle of Murray ;. Lordis Yester, Boyd, Vchiltree; Maister of Maxwell,! Lord Lyndesay elder, and the Maister now Lord ;?

Baronis Drumlanryg, Lochinwar, Garleise, Bargany; Mr. Alexander Gordoun Byschop of Galloway, Alexander Campbell

Deane of Murray, with a great number mo, subscrived and approved the said Book of Discipline,? in the Tolbuyth of Edinburgh, the twenty-sevin day of Januare, the year of God J™ V° threscoir yearis, by thair approbatioun, in these wordis :— "We quhilk have subscrivit thir presentis, havand advised with the Articles herein specified, and as is above mentionat, from the begyning of this Book, thinkis the samyn goode,

8 Upon comparing this list of names with the signatures attached to the Book of Discipline, it will be seen that Knox's amanuensis has unfortunately copied them only in part, as the names of the Earls of Marischal, Monteith, and Morton, and a few others here specified, are not given.

See the end of Book Third, in the present volume.

1In MS. G, " Maister of Maxwell, thairefter Lord Herise."

Sir John Maxwell, in virtue of his marriage with the eldest daughter and co-heiress of William third Lord Herries, assumed that title in 1567.

2 John fifth Lord Lindesay of Byres, died in 1563, and was succeeded by his eldest son Patrick, Master of Lindesay.

I VOL. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. and conforme to Goddis word in all poyntis, conforme to the notes and additionis thairto eikked ; and promittis to sett the same fordwarte at the uttermost of oure poweris, providing that the Bischoppis, Abbottis, Priouris, and utheris Prelattis and beneficed men, quhilkis ellis have adjoyned thameselfis to us, bruik the revenues of thair benefices during thair lyfetymes, thei susteanyng and upholding the Ministerie and Ministeris, as is heirin specified, for preaching of the worde, and ministring of the sacramentis."

What be the contentis of the haill Book, and how that this promeise was illuded frome tyme to tyme, we will after hear.

Schort after the said Parliament, war send from the counsall Ambassadouris to England, the Erles Mortoun and Glencarne, togidder with William Maitland of Lethingtoun youngare.

The cheaf poynt of thair commissioun was earnestlie to crave the constant assistance of the Quenis Majestie of England, against all forane invasioun, and to propone the Earle of Arrane (who then was in no small estimatioun with us) to the Quene of England in mariage.} That same tyme was the Castell of Sempill? besieged and tane, because the Lord thairof disobeyed the lawes and ordi- (Ib. pp. 63, 1Jn the Acta Parl. Scot., vol. ii. p.

605, "The Commission of the Estates to move Queene Elizabeth of England to tak the Erle of Arran to hir husband," in August 1560, is inserted, with the signatures, from the original, preserved among the Hamilton archives.

This Commission authorized " that honorable personis be sent in ambassat-fra and on behalf of the Estates."

The ambassadors, the Earls of Morton and Glencairn, and Maitland of Lethington, 8d of January 1560-61.

281.) 2 «My Lord Duke and the Earl of Arrane, his son, on the 24th September 1560, departit to cast doun my Lord Sempills hous ;" and on the 14th October, "the Castell of Sempill was tane be my Lord Duke."

(Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. 62, 63.) Castle Semple is in the parish of Lochwinnoch, and county of Renfrew, and stood at the northern end of the lake called Lochwinnoch, from which the parish derived its name: it was demolished in the year 1735, and replaced by a modern mansion. set out from Edinburgh, accompanied with fifty-four horse, on the 11th or 12th October 1560.

(Diurnal of Occurrents, p. 62.) They returned on the

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

nances of the Counsall in many thingis, and especiallie in that, that he wold manteane the idolatrie of the Messe, and also that he besett the way to the Erle of Arrane, with a great gathering, as he was ryding with his accustumed companye.

The Papistis war proude, for thei looked for ane new armye from France at the nixt spring, and thairof was thair no small appearance, yf God had not otherwyse provided.

For France utterlie refused the confirmatioun of the peace contracted at Leyth, wald ratifie no parte of oure Parliament, dismissed the Lord of Sanct Johne without any resolute ansure,! begane to gather new bandis of throte-cuttaris, and to maik great preparatioun for schippes.

Thei farther send befoir thame certane practisaris (amonges whome the Lord Seatoun,? who had departed with the Frenche out of Leyth was one) to rouse up new trubles within this Realme.

And all this came partlie of the malice of the house of Gwise, who had avowed to revenge the displeasour of thair sister, boyth upoun England and Scotland, and partlie by instigatioun of proud Beatoun, falslie called Bischope of Glasgu, of Dury, Abbot of Dumfermeling,

Saulles Seatoun,? and Mr. John Sinklar, Dene of Restarick,* 1 The journey of Lord St.John seems _ foirsaid."

(Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. to have been delayed for nearly a month after the dissolution of Parliament.

Robert Melville, who was to have accompanied him, addressed a letter to the Lady Cecill, on the 21st September, in which he says, " quhilk journay is alterit, and thought mare expedient that my Lord of Senjhone pass in France, quhaireldaire not go at this tyme.

Seeing my Lord is desirous to offer his service unto your Ladyship,"' &c. (Haynes's

State Papers, p.362.)—"Upoun the xxiij day of September, the zeir of God 1560 62, 280.) The same authority states, that on the 19th December, " James Lord Sanctjohne come furth of France to Edinburgh, and obtenit little or nathing of his errands expeid." (ib. p. 281.)

2 George sixth Lord Seaton, was one of the Commissioners sent to France in 1558, at the marriage of Queen Mary.

On the Queen's return to Scotland, he was appointed Master of the Household, and remained attached to her in all her misfortunes.

3 So in the different MSS.; but it may be suggested, whether the name is not zeiris, James Lord of Sanctjohne was directit as ambassadour, and departit to France, throw the Realme of Ingland, a mistake for the Abbot of Sauls Seat, (Sedes Animarwm,) in Wigtonshire.

4 In MS. G, " Restalrig."—Sinclair's name is added on the margin of MS. to obtane confirmatioun of the Quenis grace of this Realme, and hir Spouse, upoun the Actis maid of the Parliament 1566.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. with suche utheris of the Frenche factioun,! who had openlie spokin, that thei had refused all portioun of Scotland, onless that it war under the government of a Frenche man.

" Recompense thame, O Lord, as thou knowest maist expedient for thy awin glorie, and for the perpetuall schame of all tratouris to thair commoun-wealth."

The certane knowledge of all these thingis came to our earis, whairat many war effrayed; for diverse suspected that England wald nott be so fordwarde in tymes to cum, considering that thair formar expensses war so great.

The principall conforte remaned with the preacheouris ; for thei assured us in Goddis name, that God should performe in all perfectioun that worke in our handis, the begyning whairof he had so mychtelie mainteaned, becaus it was not ouris, but his awin ; and thairfoir exhorted us that we should constantlie proceid to reforme all abuses, and to plant the ministerie of the Churche, as by Goddis word we mycht justifie it, and then committ the successe of all to our God, in whose power the dispositioun of kingdomes standis.

And so we begane to do, for troubles appearing, maid us give ear to the admonitionis of Goddis servandis.

And whill that we had skarslie begune agane to implore the helpe of our God, and to schaw some signes of our obedience unto his messingeris, and holy worde, lo! the potent hand of God from above send unto us a wonderfull and most joyfull deliverance:

For unhappy Francis, husband to our Soverane, suddandlie perissheth of a rottin

THE DEATH

OF THE

YONG KING

OF FRANOR,

HUSBAND TO OUR

JESABELL.

ear.

But becaus the death of that child was nott onlie the cause of joy to us in Scotland, but also by it war the faythfull in France delivered, as it ware, from the present death, we think expedient to entreat the same somewhat more largelie.

? The persons of the French faction (vol. i. p. 188, note 2); and John Sinhere named, have been previously men_ clair, Dean of Restalrig, (vol. ip. 265, tioned by Knox, viz. James Beaton, note 2,) became Bishop of Brechin in Archbishop of Glasgow, (vol. i. p. 252, 1568.

See infra, p. 141.

Beaton and note 2,) who survived tillthe year 1603; Seaton arrived at Paris on the 3d of George Durie, Abbot of Dunfermline, August.

(Tytler's Hist. vol. vi. p. 176.)

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

These cruell and conjured ennemyes of God, and of all godlynes, the Duck of Gwyse, the Cardinall of Lorane, and thair factioun, who then at thair awin appetite plaide the tyrantis in France, had determined the destructioun! of all that professed the trew knowledge of Jesus Christ within that Realme.

What tyranny laite befoir thei had used at Amboyse, the historie of France doth witness.

Now, in Orleance, in the moneth of November, conveyned the King, unhappie Francis, the Quene oure Soverane, and the Quene Mother, the Duck of Gweise, with all his factioun, the King of Navar, and the Prince his brother.

So that great was the confluence of the Nobilitie ; but greater was the assemblie of the murtheraris ; for thair was nott a hangman in all France whiche was nott thair.

The preasonis ware full of the trew servandis of God: the King of Navar and the Prince war constitut preasonaris.

The Schereff of Orleance, a man fearing God, was tackin, and so war many otheris of the toune.

Breiflie, thair was none that professed God or godlyness within that toune, that looked nott for the extreamitie ; for the walles and yettis war nycht and day keapt with tha garnysonis of the Gwysianes: miiserable men war dalie browght in to suffer judgement, but none was suffered to departe furth butt at the devotioun of the tyrantis.

And so thei proceided till the tent or twelft® of December, when that thei thowght tyme to putt thair bloody counsall in executioun, and for that purpoise conclusioun was tackin that the King should departe of the toune, and lye at a certane place; whiche was done to this intent, that thair should no suyte be maid to the King for the saiftie of any

1 The account here given is not exaggerated, as the French Protestants were subjected to fearful persecutions, and the number of persons brought to the stake on account of religion, from time to time, would scarcely be creditdeath of Francis the Second, had undoubtedly the effect of preventing some intended atrocities against the Reformed party in France.

2A blank space of about two lines loft here in MS. 1566, as if to insert some additional names. ed, unless for the undeniable testimony of contemporary writers.

The sudden 3 See next page, note 2.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. manis lyfe, whome thei thowght worthy of death.

And so was the Kingis house in Orleance broken up, his beddis, cofferis, and tapistree sent away ; his awin buttis putt on, he sitting at the Messe, immediatlie thairafter to have departed, and so thair tyrannie to have begune,—when all thingis, we say, war into this readdyness to sched the bloode of innocentis, the Eternall, our God, who ever watches for the preservatioun of his awin, begane to work, and suddandlie did put his awin

For as the said King satt at Messe, he

CORRECTED

BE MR.

GEORGE, }

werk in executioun. was suddandlie strikkin with ane aposthume, in that deaf eare that never wald hear the treuth of God; and so was he caryed to ane void house, layd upoun a palliase unto suche tyme as a cannabie was sett up unto him; whair he lay till the fyftene day of December, in the year of God J™ V° threscoir yearis,2 when his glorie perished, and the pryde of the stubburne heart evanished in smok.

And so was the snare brokin, the tyrantis disappoynted of thair crueltye ; those that war appointed to death rased, as it war out of thair graves ; and we, who by our foolischnes had maid our selves slaves to strangearis, war restored agane to freedome and libertie of a free Realme.

"Oh! that we had heartis deaplie to considder what ar thy wonderouse workis, O Lord, that we mycht praise Thee in the myddest of this most obstinat and wicked generatioun,

1There can be little doubt that by whether translated by Buchanan or Knox, these lines may be esteemed a literary curiosity.

Buchanan returned to Scotland about the same time with Mary Queen of Scots, in the summer or autumn of 1561.

" Mr. George," we are to understand Mr. George Bucuanan.

He was in France at the time of the King's death, and it is highly probable he may not only have furnished Knox with the information contained in this paragraph, but also have supplied him with the translation of the Latin verses on page 136.

The style of this version corresponds so much with the prose writings and the few letters of Buchanan writ2 The date here assigned for the death of the French monarch, is incorrect.

He died on the 5th, not the 15th of December 1560, (although Mezeray, the French historian, says it was on the 4th of that month,) after a short reign of sixteen months and twenty-four days, in the 17th year of his age. ten in his native tongue, as to warrant this ascription; but in either case,

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

and leave the memoriall of the same to oure posterities, whiche, allace, we fear, shall forget thy inestimable benefites."

The godlie in France, upoun this suddane death, sett furth in these verses ane admonitioun to Kingis :—

Ap HUJUS TEMPORIS MonaRCHAS PROTREPTICON CARMEN. !

Consiliis Christum oppugnans et fraudibus, ingens Regum ille terror Carolus :

Ipsis ridiculis pueris, furiosus, et excors, Totus repente corruit.

Tuque Henrice, malis dum consultoribus utens, Sitis piorum sanguinem :

Ipse tuo vecors, inopina, cede peremptus Terram imbuisti sanguine.

Henrici deinceps, sectans vestigia patris Franciscus infcelix puer, Clamantem Christum surda dum negligit aure,

Aure putrefacta corruit.

1 The writer of these verses is unknown.

They occur in an anonymous work, containing much curious and important matter relating to the state of Religion in France, entitled,

" AD HVIVS TEMPORIS

Monarchas xgorgerriney Carmen.

Oonsiliis Christum oppugnans,"' &c.

There is a similar work entitled, " Commentariorum de Statu Religionis et Reipublice in Regno Francie, Pars " Commentaires de Estat de la Religion et Republique soubs les Rois Henry

I-y." by Joannes Serranus, a learned divine.

The author of the " Commentaires," was Peter de la Place, an eminent lawyer, whom Henry the Second had appointed King's Advocate and President of the Court of Aids, in Paris.

In 1560, he openly avowed himself a Protestant, which obliged him to leave Paris, and in the troubles that followed, his library and effects were pillaged or destroyed; and he himself eventually became one of the victims in the atrocious massacre of the Protestants on the eve of St. Bartholomew,

25th August 1572. et Francois seconds, et Charles neufieme.

(1556-1561.)—m.p.uxv."

8vo. foll. 262.

The above " Vers Latins faicts sur la mort du Roy Francois," are thus introduced at fol. 100:

" Non long temps apres furent divulguez quelques vers Latins faicts sur la mort dudict Roy Frangois, du Roy Henry son pere, et de l'Empereur Charles cinquicme, qui m'ont semblé estre dignes de memoire, et d'estre conservez a la posterité: lesquels pourtant i'ay voulu icy adiouster, la superscription estaut telle qu'il s'ensuit cy apres.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Versuti, fatui, surdi, hac spectacula, Reges, Vos sapere vel mori jubent.

THE MEANYNG WHAIROF Is, THAT CHARLES—

Kynex Cuarzes that tyrane terrible, Withstanding Christ with witt and craft, As mocking stock most miserable, Endit at ones ragine and daft. !

Then Henrie through evill cumpany, Thristing the blood of godlie men, With his awin blood, schedd suddantlie, Was maid to wait the end ye ken.?

Last, Francis, that unhappie child, His Father's footsteps following plane, To Christ crying, deafe eares did yeild,

Ane rotten eare then was his baine.

O craftie, deif, and foolische Kyngs, These fearfull judgments gone befoir you, Biddeth you be wyser in your reignes, Or schamefull death will sone devoir you.

The death of this King maid great alteratioun in Fraunce, England, and Scotland.

France was erected in some esperance, that the tyranny of the Gwysianis should no longar ring above thame, becaus that God at unwares had brokin the staff whairupoun thei leaned.

But, allace, thei war deceaved: for the simplicitie of some was so abused, that, against the lawes of the Realme, to the Quene Mother was committed regiment :

1 The Emperor Charles the Fifth, and King of Spain.

After having abdicated devotion, which betrayed a weakness of understanding.

He died 21st September 1558. his throne to his son Philip the Second, in October 1555, he took up his retreat in the convent of St. Just, in the Province of Estramadura, in Spain.

The change from an active life, and his mor- ? Henry the Second, King of France.

His death, on the 10th July 1559; is previously mentioned by Knox: see vol.

Tok Oy yf le tified ambition, led to acts of fantastic

1560.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

which lifted up asweill the Duck of Gwyse, as the cruell Cardinall for a seassone.

The Quene of England and the Counsall, remitted our Ambassadouris with answer, "That sche wald nott marye hastelye, and, thairfoir, willed the Counsall of Scotland, and the Erle of Arrane, foirsaid, nott to depend upoun any hope thairof."1

What motives she had, we omitt.

The pryde of the Papists of Scotland begane to be abated, and some that ever had schawin thame selfis ennemyes unto us, begane to think, and planelie to speak, (amanges whom the auld Schiref of Ayr? was one,) that thei perceaved God to feght for us.

The Erle of Arrane him self did more patientlie abyd the repulse of the Quene of England, becaus that he was nott altogitther without hope that the Quene of Scotland bare unto him some favour.

And so he wrait unto her, and send for credite a ryng, whiche the said Quene our Soverane knew well yneuch.

The letter and ring war baith presented to the Quene, and of her receaved.

Answer was returned to the said Erle, after the whiche he maid no farther persuyte in that mater: and yitt, not the less, he bare it heavelie in harte,? and more heavelie then many wold have wissed.

The certaintie of the death foirsaid was signified unto us both by sea and land.

By sea receaved Johnne Knox (who then had great intelligence both with the churches,* and some of the Courte of France) letteris, that the King was mortallye year 1508.

He survived till February 1561-2.

His son and successor, Sir Matthew Campbell, was a zealous and decided supporter of the Reformation.

1 This projected alliance with Elizabeth was the chief object, as mentioned at page 130, for which the Parliament had sent ambassadors to the 8 The disappointment that attended his overtures of marriage with Queen Mary, seems to have preyed on the Earl of Arran's spirits, and before long to have unfitted him for all public employment.

Court of England.

This scheme being thus frustrated, the death of Francis the Second suggested a similar alliance with Queen Mary.

2 Sir Hugh Campbell of Loudon, heritable Sheriff of the county of Ayr, had succeeded his father, Sir Hugh, in the 4In MS. G, " the Kyrk."

Boox III.

THE HISTORY OF

seak, and could nott weall eschap the death.

Which letteris receaved, that same day at afternoon, he passed to the Duckis Grace, to his awin ludging at the Kirk of Feild,! [with] whome he fand the Lord James in conference togitther, (the Erle of Arrane was in Jedburgh,) to whome he opened such newis as he had receaved, and willed thame to be of good conforte ; for, said he, the advertissare never hes yitt abused me: it is the same gentilman that first gave us knawledge of the slauchter of Hary King of France; and shew unto thame the letter, but wold nott expresse the manis name.

Whill thei war reassonying in diverse purposes; and he upoun the one parte conforting thame, and thei upoun the other parte conforting him, (for he was in no small heaviness be reassone of the late death of his dear bedfellow, Marjorie Bowis,)2 whill

(we say) thei three war familiarlie commonyng togetther, thair came a messinger from the Lord Grey,? furth of Berwick, with letteris, assuring him of the death of the King of France.

Which devulgat and noysed abrode, a generall Conventioun of the haill Nobilitie was appointed to be holdin at Edinburgh the fyvetene* day of Januare following, in the whiche the Booke of Discipline was perused newlie oure agane, for some pretended ignorance, be reassone thei had not heard it.

In that assemblie was Maister Alexander Andersone, subprincipall of Abirdene,> a man more subtill and craftye then

5 Mr. Alexander Anderson, parson of Methlik, and vicar of Kinkell, was apMary in the Fields, Edinburgh. It stood on the site of the College; and was the scene, as related in Book Fifth, of Darnley's Murder in 1566.

1 The Kirk of Field was the name usually given to the Collegiate Church of St. pointed Principal of King's College, Aberdeen, in the year 1550.

The General Assembly having appointed a, visitation of the College in 1568, Anderson, with the Sub-Principal, and three of the Regents or Professors, were summoned

" as very obstinate Papists," and having refused to subscribe the Confession of Faith, and the Acts 1560, and 1567, they were deposed by order of the Lord Regent and Council, the 2 In MS. G, she is erroneously named " Marie Bowes;" her death took place towards the end of December 1560.

Lord Grey de Wilton: see supra, p65.

4 In MS. G, "the fyft day."

The5dth was a Sunday; the 15th Wednesday.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

ather learned or godlie, called, who refused to dispute in his fayth, abusing a place of Tertulliane to cloik his ignorance.

It was ansuered unto him, That Tertulliane should nott prejudge the authoritie of the Holy Ghost, who, by the mouth of Peter, commandis us to geve reassone for our faith to everie one that requires the same of us.

It was farther answered, That we neather required him neather yitt any man to dispute in any pointe concernyng our fayth, whiche was grounded upoun Godis word, and fully expressed within his holy Scriptures ; for all that we belevit without contraversie.

But we required of him, as of the rest of Papistis, that thei wald suffer thair doctrin, constitutionis, and: ceremonies to come to tryall; and principallie, that the Messe, and the opinioun thairof by thame taught unto the people, mycht be laid to the squair-reull of Goddis worde, and unto the rycht institutioun of Jesus Christ, that thei mycht understand whither that thair Preacheris offended or nott, in that, that thei affirmed,

" The actioun of the Messe to be expressedlye repugnyng unto the last Supper of the Lord Jesus; the sayar of it to committ horrible blasphemye, in usurping upoun him the office of Christ ; the hearars to committ damnable idolatrie, and the opinioun of it conceaved to be derogatioun, and as it war, disanulling of Christis death."

Whill that the-said Maister Alexander denyed that the preast took upoun him Christis office, to offer for syne, as was alledged, a Messe book was produced, sentence being pronounced by John of thair religeoune.

Amangis the Erskine of Dun, Superintendent of Angus and Mearns, 30th June 1569.

(Calderwood's Hist. vol. ii. p. 491; Booke of the Kirk, vol. i. pp. 141-143.) quhilkis thair was causit to compeir furth of the Universitie of Aberdene, Mr. John Leslye, Official of Aberdene, licentiat in boith the lawis, Mr. Alexander Anderson Principal of the College, Professor of Theologie, and sindrie utheris."

He adds, that after " very sharpe and hard disputations,"

: with Knox, Willock, and Goodman, " nothing was concludit, for everie ane of thame remanit constant in thair awin professione."

(Hist, p. 298.) Bishop Lesley, who was personally concerned in the disputation mentioned by Knox, says, the Lords of the Congregation,

(in the winter of 1560,) " Causit summone sindrie of the best learnit men out of all the partes of the Realme to cum to Edinburgh, to gif yeasone of thair faith and professione

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ITI. and in the begyning of the Canon war these wordis redd:

Suscipe, Sancta Trinitas, hanc oblationem, quam ego imdargnus peccator offero tibi vivo Deo et vero, pro peccatis meis, pro peccatis totius Ecclesie vivorum et mortuorum, &c.1

" Now, (said the reasonare,) yf to offer for the synnes of the haill Kirk was nott the office of Christ Jesus, yea, that office that to him onlie mycht, and may apparteane, lett the Scripture judge.

And yf a vyle knave, whome ye call the preast, proudlie tackis the same upoun him, lett your awin book witnesse."

The said Maister Alexander ansuered, " Christ offered the propitiatorie, and that could nane do but he; but we offer the remembrance."

Whairto it was ansuered, " We praise God, that ye have denyed a sacrifice propitiatorie to be in the Masse; and yet we offer to prove, that in mo then a hundreth places of your Papisticall Doctouris, this propositioun is affirmed,

' The Messe is a sacrifice propitiatorie.

But, to the secound parte, whair ye allege that ye offer Christ in remembrance, we ask, first, Unto whome do ye offer him? and nixt, By what authoritie are ye assured of weall-doing?

In God the Father, thair fallis no oblivioun: and yf ye will yitt schift and say, That ye offer it nott as God war forgetfull, but as willing to apply

Christis merittis to his Churche; we demand of you, What power and commandiment ye have so to do?

We know that our Maister, Christ Jesus, commanded his Apostles to do that whiche he did 'in remembrance of him ;' but plane it is, that Christ took bread, gave thankis, braik bread, and gave it to his disciples, saying, ' Tak ye, eat ye; this is my body whiche is broken for you.

Do this in remembrance of me,'

&e.

Here we fynd a commandiment to tak, to eat, to tak and to drink ; but to offer Christis body eather for remembrance or applicatioun, we fynd not: and thairfoir, we say,

1 That is, "' Holy Trinity, accept this God for my own sins, and for the sins oblation, which I, an unworthy sinner, of the whole Church of the quick and present to thee the living and true the dead," &c.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

14] to tack upoun you ane office which is nott gevin unto you, is injust usurpatioun, and no lauchfull power."

The said Maister Alexander being more then astonished, wold have schifted ; but then the Lordis willed him to ansuer directlie.

Whairto he ansured, " That he was better seane in philosophie, then in theologie."

Then was commanded Maister Johne Leslie, (who then was Parsone of Une, and now Lord Abbote of Londoris,)! Ane Ae TER to ansuer to the formare argument: and he with grait gravitie BYs10"* begane to answer, " Yf our Maister have nothing to say to it,

Ihave nothing; for I knaw nothing but the Cannoun Law: and the greatest reassone that ever I could fynd thair, is Nolwmus and Volumus."

And yitt we understand that now he is the onlie patrone of the Messe.

But it is no mervall, for he understoode that he is a Preastis gett; and thairfoir we should nott wonder albeit that the auld trowane verse be trew, Patrem sequitur sua proles.

The Nobilitie hearing that neather the one nor the other wold ansure directlie, said, "We have bene miserable deceaved heirtofoir; for yf the Messe may not obteane remissioun of synnes to the quick and to the dead, whairfoir war all the Abacyes so richelie doted with oure temporall landis ?"

Thus much we thocht good to insert here, becaus that some Papistis ar nott eschamed now to affirme, That thei with thair raniyeine

DEANE OF reassonis could never be hearde; but that all that we did, Rese we did by fyn force ; when that the haill Realme knawis, that 8¥Nor4R«.? was written to the earlier part of the year 1566.

1 A short notice of Lesley, Bishop of Ross, will be given in the Appendix, under the head of Abbots of Lundores.

But here it may be mentioned, that the words in the margin, " AND AFTER WAS MADE Byscuorr or Ross," are written in a different hand, (most likely by Knox himself,) and clearly posterior to the rest of the page. By attending there2 This marginal note occurs in no other copy; and the words "now to affirme," were evidently written during Sinclair's life; and along with the similar mention of the Dean of Restalrig, in the Author's emphatic terms,

" as a perfect hypocrite,"

(vol. i. p.

265,) it corroborates the supposition that the greater portion of this MS. must have been written in the year fore to the dates of Lesley's successive appointments, this serves to fix the period when this portion of the History

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ITI. we ever requyred thame to speak thair judgmentis freelie, not onlie promissing unto thame protectioun and defense, but also that we should subscrive with thame, yf thei by Goddis

Scriptures could confute us, and by the same word establisse thair assertionis.

" But who can correct the leasingis of such as in all thingis schaw thame selves the sones of the Father of Preserve us, Lord, from that perverst and malitious all lyes. generatioun.

AMEN."

Ar this same Assemblie was the Lord James appoynted to go to France to the Quene oure Soverane ;? and a Parliament was appointed to begyn the twenty of Maij nixt following ; for at that tyme was the returne of the said Lord James looked for.

And so was that Conventioun dissolved without any other thing of importance concluded.

The said Lord James prepared him for his jornay ; (for albeit he past in the publict effairis, he susteaned the charge of his awin expensses ; and yit thair never past fra this Realme in the cumpanye of one man so many, and so honest, throwght England to France.)

Befoir he departed, he was foirwarned asweill of the danger in France, as of the Quenis craft, (not that we then suspected her nature, but that we understoode the malice of hir freindis:) he was planelie premonisshed, that yf ever he condiscended

1566.

It will be seen from the footwas inno hurry to depart " till he see notes on the passage referred to, that Mr. John Sinclair, Dean of Restalrig, was promoted to the See of Brechin in 1568, and became President of the Court of Session, 18th November 1565.

He died at Edinburgh, 9th April 1566. what will be done at the ensuing Parliament."

(Ib.) Ina letter to Cecil, 7th February 1560-1, he desires a passport, "being ordered by the Nobility and Council, to our Sovereign, for declaration of our duty and devotion to her

Highness." (Ib.) He left Edinburgh, on his way to France, 18th March, passing through England, where he was well entertained, and reached the town of 3 Lord James Stewart was appointed to repair to Queen Mary, by the Convention, 15th January 1560-1.

Chalmers is undoubtedly correct when he says, he had no authority, to persuade the Queen to return to Scotland. (Life of Queen Mary, vol. ili. p.141.) But Lord James, as we are informed by Randolph, Diziers, where Queen Mary was residing, on the 15th April 1561.

(Bishop Lesley's History, p. 294.)

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

that sche should have Messe publictlie or privatlie within the Realme of Scotland, that then betrayed he the caus of God, and exponed the religioun evin to the uttermoist danger that he could do.

That sche should have Messe publictlie, he affirmed that he should never consent: but to have it secreatlie in hir chalmer, who could stopp hir?

The danger was schawin ; and so he departed.

The Electioun of the Superintendentis heirefter followed in this maner :!— The Editor of the Collection of Con1 Tn the MS. 1566, of Knox's History, several blank pages occur after these words; but the deficiency, consisting of the "' Forme and Order of the Election of Superintendents," &c., (ending at page 150 of the present volume,) has been supplied from the Glasgow MS., collated with a copy annexed to " The Ordour of Excommunication," &c., subjoined to an edition of the Psalms and fessions, thus mentions the Order of Election of Elders and Deacons: " It is uncertain when this was written ; but it is in the Manuscript copy of Knox's History, which is in the College Library of Glasgow, and is printed at Edinburgh, with other publick papers, by Robert Lekprevik, Anno 1569, according to which this edition is printed.

It is approved by the General Assembly, April 1582, Sess. 12, in these words,— Prayers, printed at Edinburgh, by Robert Charteris,

1596.

It is also included in the " Collection of Confessions of Faith," &c., vol. ii. p. 625, Edinb.

1722.

The Editor says, he has printed ' Concerning ane General Ordor of Admission to the Office of Eldaris, referris it to the Ordor usit at Edinburgh, quhilk we approve.'" it according to an edition by Robert Lekprevik 1569; and that "it differs The Admonition or prayer at the end, (see page 154,) in its reference to the King and Regent, apparently fixes the date to the year 1568. little from the ordinary copies that are printed with the old Psalms, but in the manner of spelling of words."

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

Tur Forme anp Orpour oF THE ELECTIOUN OF THE SUPER-

INTENDENTS, QUHILK MAY SERVE ALSO IN ELECTIOUN OF

ALL UTHER Ministers.

At EpINBURGHE

THE 9TH OF

Mercue 1560! yerris, Joans Knox Berne Mrnisrer.?

First was made a Sermone, in the quhilk thir Heids war intreated.

First, The necessity of Ministers and Superintendents.

2. The crymes and vyces that micht unable thame [of the ministrie].

3. The vertues required in thame.

And last, Quhidder sick as by publict consent of the Kyrk wer eallit to sick Office, micht refuis the same.

The Sermone finisched, it was declared be the same Minister, (maker thareof,) that the Lords of Secrete Councell had given charge and power to the Kirkis of Lauthiane, to chuse

Mr. Jouve SporriswopE? Superintendent ; and that sufficient warning was made be publict edict to the Kirks of Edinburghe, Linlythgow,

Striveling, Tranent, Hadingtoun, and Dunbar; as also to Earles, Lords, Barones, Gentilmen, and uthers, having, or quho micht clame to have voite in Electioun, to be present that day, at that same hour: And, thare1 That is, 9th March 1560-1. lany, vol. i. p. 867.) He may, with much more truth, be said to have " continued in this holy function, with the approbation of all good men, till his death," than to " haye exercised fully the power, and discharged faithfully the office of a.

Bishop, though under another style ;"

(Life prefixed to Spottiswood's History, Lond. 1655, folio.) The office of Superintendent was merely temporary ; and he himself displayed no assumption of authority over his brethren in the ministry, nor aspired after Episcopal dignity.

He died 5th December 1585.

His eldest, son, who became his succes2 In some copies, " Moderator."

3 Mr. John Spottiswood was born about the year 1510, and was educated at Glasgow.

His name occurs in the University records, as incorporated in 1534, being designed '' Servus domini Rectoris."

In 1536 he had taken his degree as Master of Arts.

He is said to have been in England from 1538 to 1543, and to have returned with the Earl of Glencairn.

In 1548 he was presented to the Vicarage of Calder.

Having early joined the Reformers, he was nominated as Superintendent of Lothian in July 1560, and was admitted, agreeably to the above form, 9th March 1561, without resigning his charge as minister of Calder.

(Wodrow Miscelsor as Minister of Calder, was ultimately Archbishop of St. Andrews, and Lord

Chancellor of Scotland.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

fore, inquisitioun was made, Quho wer present, and quho wer absent.

Efter was called the said Mr. Johne, quho answering ; the Minister demanded, Gif ony man knew ony cryme or offence to the said Mr. Johne, that mycht unabill him to be called to that office?

And this he demanded thryis.

Secundlie, Questioun was moved to the haill multitude, If thair was ony uther quhome they wald put in Electioun with the said

Mr. Johne.

The pepill wer asked, If they wald have the said Mr. Johne Superintendent?

If they wald honour and obey him as Christis Minister? and comfort and assist him in every thing perteining to his Charge?

They Answerit—We will; and we do promeis unto him sick obedience as becumethe the scheip to give unto thair Pastour, sa lang as he remains faythfull in his office.

The Answers of the Pepill, and thair consents receaved, thir Questiouns wer proponit unto him that was to be elected.

Questioun.—Seing that ye hear the thrist and desyre of this people, do ye not think yourself bound in conscience befoir

God to support thame that so earnestly call for your comfort, and for the fruit of your labours ?

Answer.—If anie thing wer in me abill to satisfie thair desyir, I acknowledge myself bound to obey God calling bythame.

Questioun.—Do ye seik to be promoted to this Office and charge, for ony respect of warldly commoditie, riches or glory ?

Answer.—God knawes the contrarie.

Questioun—Beleve ye not that the doctrine of the Pro- ' pheits and Apostles, conteined in the buiks of the Auld and New Testaments, is the onely trew and most absolute foundatioun of the universall Kirk of Christ Jesus, insamekill that in the same Scriptures ar conteined all things necessary to be beleved for the salvatioun of Mankind ?.

Answer.—I verely beleve the same, and do abhorre and VOL. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. utterly refuis all Doctrine alleged necessary to Salvatioun, that is not expressedly conteined in the same.

Questioun.—Is not Christ Jesus Man of Man, according to the flesche, to wit, the Sone of David, the Seid of Abrahame, conceaved by the Holy Ghost, borne of the Virgin Marie his mother, the onely Head and Mediatour of his Kirk ?

Answer.—He is, and without him thair is nouther salvatioun to man, nor lyfe to angell.

Questioun.—Is not the same Lord Jesus, [the] onely trew God, the Eternall Sone of the Eternall Father, in quhome all that sall be saved wer elected befoir the foundatioun of the world was layd ?

Answer.—I confes and acknawlege him in the unitie of his Godheid, to be God above all thingis, blessit for evir.

Questioun.—Sall not they quhome God in his eternall councell hes electit, be callit to the knawlege of his Sone, our

Lord Jesus? And sall not they, quho of purpoise are elected in this lyfe, be justified ? Andis not justificatioun and free remissioun of sinnes obtained in this lyfe by free grace?

Sall not this glorie of the sonnes of God follow in the generall resurrectioun, quhen the Sone of God sall appeir in his glorious majesty ?

Answer.—I acknawlege this to be the doctrine of the Apostles, and the most singular comfort of God's childrein.

Questioun.—Will ye not contein yourself in all doctrine within the boundes of this foundatioun?

Will ye not study to promote the same, alsweill by your lyfe as by your doctrine?

Will ye not, according to the graces and utterance that God sall grant unto yow, profes, instructe, and mantene the purity of the doctrine, conteined in the sacred Word of God?

And, to the uttermost of your power, will ye not ganestand and convince the gaynsayers and teichers of mennis inventiouns ?

Answer.—That I do promeis in the presence of God, and of his congregatioun heir assembled.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Questioun.—Knaw ye not, that the excellency of this office, to the quhilk God hes called yow, requires that your conversatioun and behaviour be sick, as that ye may be irreprehensible ; yea, even in the eyis of the ungodly ?

Answer.—I unfaynedly acknawlege, and humilly desyre the Kirk of God to pray with me, that my lyfe be not scandalous to the glorious Evangell of Jesus Christ.

Questioun——Becaus ye are a man compassed with infirmities, will ye not charitably, and with lawlines of spirit, receave admonitioun of your Brethrein?

And if ye sall happin to slyde, or offend in ony point, will ye not be subject to the Discipline of the Kirk, as the rest of your Brethrein ?

The Answer of the Superintendent, or Minister to be elected.—I acknawlege myself to be a man subject to infirmity, and ane that hes neid of correctioun and admonitioun ; and tharefoir I maist willingly submit and subject my self to the hailsume disciplin of the Kirk ; yea, to the discipline of the same Kirk by the quhilk I ame now called to this office and chairge; and heir in God's presens and youris do promeis obedience to all admonitiones, secretly or publickly gevin ; unto the quhilk, if I be found inobedient, I confes myself most worthie to be ejected not onely from this honour, bot also frome the society of the Faythfull, in cais of my stubburnnes:

For the vocatioun of God to bear charge within his Kirk, makethe not men tyrantes, nor lordis, but appoynteth thame Servandis, Watchemen, and Pastoris of the Flock.

This ended, Questioun man be asked agane of the Multitude.

Questioun—Require ye ony farther of this your Superintendent ?

If no man answer, let the Minister proceid.

Will ye not acknawlege this your Brother, for the Minister of Christ Jesus ?

Will ye not reverence the word of God that proceids fra his mouthe?

Will ye not receave of him the sermone of exhor-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. tatioun with patience, not refuising the hailsome medicine of your saules, althocht it be bitter and unpleising to the flesche ?

Will ye not finally, mantene and comforte him in his ministry, against all sick as wickedly wald rebell against God and his holy ordinance ?

The Peple answereth.—We will, as we will answer to the Lord Jesus, quho hes commandit his Ministeris to be had in reverence, as his ambassadours, and as men that cairfully watche for the salvatioun of our saullis.

Let the Nobility also be urged with this.—Ye have heard the dewty and professioun of this your Brother, by your consentis appointit to this charge; as also the dewty and obedience, quhilk God requireth of us towards him heir in his ministry:

Bot becaus that neyther of bothe are abill to performe ony thing without the especiall grace of our God in Christ Jesus, quho hes promeised to be with us present, even to the consummatioun of the world; with unfayned hairtis, let us crave of him his benedictioun and assistance in this work begun to his glory, and for the comfort of his Kirk.

THE PRAYER.

O Lorp, to quhome all power is gevin in heavin and in eirthe, thow that art the Eternall Sone of the Eternall Father, quho hes not onely so luifit thy Kirk, that for the redemptioun and purgatioun of the same, thow hes humilled thyself to the deyth of the Croce; and thareupoun hes sched thy most innocent bluid, to prepair to thyself a Spous without spott ; bot also, to retein this thy most excellent benefite in memory, hes appointed in thy Kirk, Teichears, Pastores, and Apostles, to instruct, comfort, and admonische the same:

Luk upoun us mercifully, O Lord, thow that onely art King, Teicher, and Mie Priest to thy awin flock ; and send unto this our Brother, quhome in thy name we have chairged with the cheif cair of thy Kirk, within the boundis of Louthiane, sick portioun of

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

thy Holy Spreit, as thareby he may rychtly devyde thy word to the instructioun of thy flocke, and to the confutatioun of pernitious erroures, and damnable superstitiones.

Give unto him, gude Lord, a mouthe and wisdome, quhareby the enemies of thy truthe may be confounded, the wolfis expellit, and driven from thy fauld, thy schcip may be fed in the wholsum pastures of thy most holy word, the blind and ignorant may be illuminated with thy trew knawlege :

Finally, That the dregis of superstitioun and idolatry quhilk yit restis within this Realme, being purged and removed, we may all not only have occasioun to glorifie thee our onely

Lord and Saviour, but also dayly to grow in godlines and obedience of thy most holy will, to the destructioun of the body of synne, and to the restitutioun of that image to the quhilk we wer anes created, and to the quhilk, efter our fall and defectioun, we ar renewed by participatioun of thy Holy Spirit, quhilk by trew fayth in thee, we do profes as the blissit of thy

Father, of quhome the perpetuall incres of thy graces we crave, as by thee our Lord and King, and onely Bischope, we are taucht to pray, saying, "Our Father that art in hevin, &c."

The prayer ended, the rest of the Ministers, if ony be, and Elders of that Kirk present, in signe of thair consents, sall tak the elected by the hand, and then the cheif Minister sall gif the benedictioun, as follows :— Gop, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, quho hes comanded his Evangell to be preiched, to the comfort of his Elect, and hes called thee to the office of a Watchman over his peple, multiply his graces with thee, illuminat thee with his Holy

Spirit, comfort and strenthen thee in all vertewe, governe and guyde thy ministry, to the prayse of his holy Name, to the propagatioun of Christis kingdome, to the comforte of his

Kirk, and finally, to the plain dischairge and assurance of thy awin conscience in the day of the Lord Jesus; to quhome,

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. with the Father, and the Holy Ghost, be all honour, prayse, and glory, now and ever.

So be it.

Tue Last ExHoRTATIOUN TO THE ELECTED.

Take heid to thy self, and unto the Flock comitted to thy chairge ; feid the same cairfully, not as it wer of compulsioun, bot of very love, quhilk thow bearest to the Lord Jesus.

Walk in simplicity and purenes of lyfe, as it becumethe the trew servand and ambassadour of the Lord Jesus.

Usurpe not dominioun nor tyrranicall impyre over thy brethrein.

Be not discouraged in adversity, bot lay befoir thyself the example of Propheits, Apostles, and of the Lord Jesus, quho in thair ministry susteaned contradictioun, contempt, persecutioun and deyth. Feir not to rebuik the warld of sinne, justice, and jugement.

If ony thing succeid prosperously in thy vocatioun, be not puft upe with pryde; nether yit flatter thy self as that the gude succes proceided from thy vertew, industry, or cair:

Bot let ever that sentence of the Apostle remane in thy hairt ; "Quhat hes thou, quhilk thou hes not: receavit ? If thou hes receivit, quhy gloriest thou?"

, Comfort the afflicted, support the puir, and exhort utheris to support thame.

Be not solist for things of this lyfe, bot be fervent in prayer to God for incress of his Holy Spirit

And finally, behave thyself in this holy vocatioun, with sick sobriety, as God may be glorified in thy ministry: And so sall thow schortly obtein the victory, and shall receave the crown promeised, quhen the Lord Jesus sall appeir in his glory, quhois Omnipotent Spirit assist thee and us unto the end.

Amen.

Then sing the 23d Psalme.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Tue Orpour oF THE Exxcrioun or Experts and Dzaconrs

IN THE PRIVIE Kirk or EDINBURGH, IN THE BEGYNNING,

QUHEN AS YET THAIR WAS NO PUBLICT FACE OF A Kirk,

NOR OPEN ASSEMBLIES, BOT SECREIT AND PRIVIE CONVEN-

TIOUNIS IN Hovuszs, oR IN THE Ferxps.!

Brroir that thare wes ony publict face of a trew Religioun within this Realme, it pleised God of his grit mercie, to illuminat the hairts of mony privat persones, so that they did perceave and understand the abusses that wer in the Papistieall Kirk, and thareupoun withdrew thameselfis from participatioun of thare idolatrie.

And becaus the Spirit of God will never suffer his awne to be idle and voyde of all religioun, men began to exercise thameselfis in reading of the Scriptures secreitly within thair awne houses; and varietie of persones culd not be keipt in gud obedience and honest fame, without Oversiers, Elders, and Deacones:

And so begane that small flocke to put thameselfis in sick ordour, as if Christ Jesus had planely triumphed in the middes of thame by the power of his Evangell.

And thay did elect sum to occupie the supreame place of exhortatioun and reading, som to be Elderis and helperis unto thame, for the oversight of the flocke: And some to be Deacones for the collectioun of almes to be distributed to the poore of thair awne bodie.

Of this small begyning is that Ordour, quhilk now God of his grit mercie hes gevin unto us publictlie within this Realme.

Of the principalls of thame that wer knowne to be men of gude conversatioun and honest fame in the privy Kirk, wer chosen Elders and Deacones to reull with the Minister in the publike Kirk; quhilk burdene thay patiently susteaned a yeir and mair: And then, becaus they could not (without neglecting of thair awen private houses) langer wait upoun the publict charge, they

1 As stated at page 148, the following 1566, or in Vautrollicr's edition; but, Order of the Election of Elders and has been supplied from MS. @.

Deacons is not contained in the MS.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. desyred that they micht be releaved, and that uthers micht be burdeined in thair roume:

Quhilk was thocht a petitioun ressonabill of the haill Kirk.

And tharefore it was granted unto thame, that thay sould nominat and gif up in electioun sick personages as thay in thair consciences thocht maist apte and abill to serve in that charge; provyding that they sould nominate double moe personis then war sufficient to serve in that charge, to the end that the haill Congregatioun micht have thair free vote in thair Electioun.

And this Ordour hes bene ever observed sen that tyme in the Kirk of Edinburgh ; that is, that the auld Sessioun befor thair departure, nominat twenty-four in Electioun for Elders, of quhom twelve ar to be chosen, and thirty-two for Deacounes, of quhome sixteen ar to be elected; quhilk persones ar publictly proclaimed in the audience of the haill

Kirk, upoun a Sonday befoir none, efter sermone; with admonitioun to the Kirk, that if ony man knaw ony notorious cryme or caus that micht unabill ony of these persones to enter in sick vocatioun, that they sould notifie the same unto the Sessioun the next Thursday:

Or if ony knaw any persones mair abill for that charge, they sould notifie the same unto the Sessioun, to the end that na man eyther present or absent (being ane of the Kirk) suld complayne that he was spoyled of his liberty in electioun.

The Sonday following befoir none, in the end of the Sermone, the hole Communicants ar commandit to be present efternone, to gif thair votes, as they will answer befoir God, to sick as they esteme most abill to beir the charge of the Kirk with the ministers.

The votes of all being receaved, the scroles of all ar delyvered to any of the ministers, quho keips the same secreit fra the sicht of all men till the next Thursday ; and then in the Sessioun he produces thame, that the voites may be counted, quhare the moniest voites, without respect of persones, have the first place in the Eldership, and

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

so proceiding till the number of twelve be compleit ; so that if a puir man exceid the riche man in votes, he preceids him in place; and it is called the first, secound, and thrid Elder, even as the votes answereth.

And this same is observed in the electioun of Deaconis.

The Fryday efter the jugement is tane quhat persones ar elected for Elders and Deacones to serve for that yeir; the minister efter his sermone, reids the same names publictly, and gives commandment openly, that sick persones be present the next Sonday at sermone befoir none, in the place to be appointed for thame, to accept of that charge that God by plurality of votes had layd upoun thame.

Quho being conveined, the Minister efter sermone reids the names publictly, the absents (if ony be) ar noted, and these quho ar present ar admonisched to consider the dignity of that vocatioun, quhareunto God hes called thame; the dewty that they aucht to the pepill; the danger that lyes upoun thame, if they be found negligent in thair vocatioun:

And finally, the dewty of the people towards the persons elected.

Quhilk being done, this Prayer 1s red :—

Tur PRAYER IN THE ELECTIOUN OF THE ELDERIS.

O Eternall and everlasting God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, quho, of thy infinite gudeness and mercy, hes chosin to thy self a Kirk of the lost seid of Adame, quhilk thow hes ever reulled by the inspiratioun of thy Holie Spirit ; and yet not the less, hes always usit the ministry of men, alswell in preiching of thy word, and administratioun of thy sacraments, as in gyding of thy flock, and provyding for the puir within the same, as in the Law, Propheits, and in thy glorious Evangell we have witnesses:

Quhilk ordour, O Lord, thow of thy mercie hes now restoired unto us agane efter that the publict face of the Kirk hes bene deformed by the tyrany of that Romane Antichrist.

Grant unto us, O hevinly Father, hairts

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. thankfull for the benefites quhilks we have receaved, and give unto these our brethrein, elected unto thir charges within thy

Kirk, sick abundance of thy Holie Spirit, that they may be found vigilant and faythfull in that vocatioun, quharunto thow of thy mercy hes callit thame.

And albeit, O Lord, these small begynings ar contemned of the proude world, yet,

O Lord, do thow for thy awne mercies sake, bless the same in sick sorte that thy godlie name may be glorified, superstitioun and idolatry may be ruited out, and vertue may be planted, not onely in this generatioun, bot also in the posterity to cum.

AmEN.

Grant us this, mercifull Father, for Christ Jesus thy Sones saik, in quhose name we call unto thee, as he hes taucht us, saying, Our Father, &e.

And so efter the rehersall of the beleif, efter the quhilk sall be sung this portioun of the 103 Psalme, ver. 19. The hevins hie ar maid the seat,! and so forth to the end of that Psalme.

Efter the quhilk sall this schort Admonitioun be given to the elected :— Magnifie God, quho hes of his mercy callit yow to ruill within his Kirk:

Be thankfull in your vocatioun:

Schaw yourselfis zealous to promote verity: Feir not the faces of the wicked, bot rebuik thair wickitnes:

Be mercifull to the puir, and support thame to the uttermost of your power; and so sall ye receave the benedictioun of God, present and everlasting. God save the Kingis Majestie, and gif unto him the Spirit of sanctificatioun in his young age:

Blesse his Regent, and sick as assist him in upricht counsaill, and eyther fruitfully convert, or suddanely confound the enemies of trew religioun, and of this afflicted Comoun-welthe.

Amen.

} Thatis, according to the old version by Robert Lekprevik, 1565, along with of the Psalms, by Sternhold and others, the CommonPrayers and Calvin's Catewhich continued in public use in Scotchism:

See notices and extracts in land until the year 1650.

The earliest the Appendix to Baillie's Letters and edition is that printed at Edinburgh Jownals.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

As the servandis of God uprychtlie travellit to haif vice punissit and verteu plantit, so did the Devill ever steir up some in the contrair of baith.

Thair was a law maid aganis fornicatouris and adulteraris,! that the ane and the uther suld be cartit throcht the townis, and so banissit, till that thair repentance wes offerit and receavit.

And albeit this wes nott the severitie of Goddis law, especiallie aganis adulteraris, yet wes it a greit brydill to malefactouris ; quhairat the wickit did wonderouslie storme.

It chancit that ane Sandersoun, a fleschour, wes deprehendit to haif put away his lauchfull wyffe,

(under cullour that he was lauchfullie partit efter the maner of the Papisticall religioun,) and haid takin to him ane uther in [his] housse.

The complaynt and sclander proponit to the Kirk, and tryall takin that he wes nott maryit with the secund woman, nather that he wes able to prove that he wes devorcit by any ordour of law from the first, he wes committit in the handis of the Magistratis, quha, according to the lawis, commandit him to be cartit.

Bot the raschall multitude, enflambit be some ungodlie. craftismen, maid insurrectioun, brake

Lyell, to be continewit quhill the morne:

Quhilk the Provost, Baillies, and Counsale foresaid grantit, and thairupoun the said William askit instrumentis."

1 There were several Acts against immorality passed about this time, in Parliament, and in the Civil as well as Ecclesiastical Courts.

One of these Acts of the Town Council of Edinburgh, when about to be enforced against a delinquent in the person of John SanderOn the following day the Council having adhered to their resolution that the sentence against Sanderson should be carried into effect ; this was so much resented by the craftsmen of the town as a dishonour, that they assembled in a tumultuous manner, broke up the prison, and set him at liberty.

The Magistrates having immediately complained to the Lords of the Secret Counson, Deacon of the Fleshers, led to the tumult to which Knox refers.

On the 22d November 1560, " The quhilk day the Baillies and Counsale being conyenit in the Over Counsale House of the Tolbuith of this burt Comperit William Harlay, dekin of the Hammarmen, and certane uthir craftismen, and desyrit the decreit and sentence gevin aganis Jhone Sandersone, dekin of the Fleschouris, decernying him to be cartit throuch the town, and thairafter banischit the samyn, for his manifest adulterie committit with Margaret cil, several persons connected with this tumult, were apprehended and imprisoned in the Castle of Edinburgh.

There are several entries in the Town Council Records on this subject: see the account given in Maitland's History of Edinburgh, p. 20.

THE HISTORY OF

Boor III. the carte, boistit the officiaris, and tuke away the malefactour.

This wes the begyning of farther evillis, as we will efter heir.

In the meantyme, quhill Lord James (we say) wes in France, thair came ane Ambassadour frome France,1 subornit,

AMBASSADOUR FRA FRANCE, AND HIS

DEMANDIS,

na doubt, with all craft that mycht truble the Estait of the Religioun.

His demandis wes 1. That the league betwix us and Ingland suld be broken:

2. That the ancient league betwix France and Scotland suld be renewit:

And, 3. That the Bischops and Kirkmen suld be reponit in thair formair places, and be sufferit to intromet with thair levingis.

The Counsall delayit answer to the Parliament appoyntit in May.

In the meantyme the Papistis of Scotland practisit with him.

The Erlis of Huntlie, Atholl, Bothwell, and utheris, intendit to haiff takin Edinburgh befoir the said Parliament.

The haill Bischoppis assemblit, and held counsall in Striveling.

Some quhispering thair wes, that the Duke and the Bischop of Sanctandrois were too familiare ; and some feared that the auctoritie of the Quene suld haif bene usurpit, be ressone of her absence, and that the Duke wes secound persone, for thairat haid some of his preissit immediathie efter the death of the King of France.

The Protestantis thairof advertised, preventit thame, and came to Edinburgh.

The Erle of Arrane stude constant with his brethrene.

Thair war some that cairfullie and panefullie travellit that nathing prejudiciall to the Quenis auctoritie, suld be done in absence of the Lord James; to quhom the Quene hes recompensit evill for gude service.

Maister James Makgill,? in that poynt did baith stoutlie and 1 The Ambassador here spoken of was Mons. de Noailles, Master of Requests, who had formerly been Ambassador in England.

(Hardwicke's State Papers, vol. i. p. 157.) He arrived on the 11th of March, and returned on the 7th of June 1561.

(Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. 64, 282-3.) son of Sir James Makgill, Provost of Edinburgh.

He was educated at St. Andrews, having been incorporated in St. Leonard's College in 1532.

He probably took his Master's degree, and completed his studies at some foreign University.

On the 1st March 1549-50, he was admitted an Advocate. On the 25th June 2 Mr. James Makgill or M'Gill, eldest

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

treulie ; for Johne Knox and he war than fallin in familiaritie, in quhilk thay yet contineu, 20 Octobris 1567,3 be ressone that the said Maister James haid embrasit the Religioun, and professit it publiclie.

The Papistis and Bischoppis, dissapoyntit of thair principall purpose and interpryse did yet mak broillie for trouble; for the raschall multitude war stirred up to mak a Robene Hude,* quhilk enormitie wes of mony yeiris left and dampnit by statute and act of Parliament.

Yit wald thay nott be forbiddin, bot wald disobey and truble the Towne, especiallie upone the nycht.

Quhairat the Baillies offendit, tuke fra thame some swerdis and an enseynze, quhilk wes occasioun that thay that same nycht maid a mutinye, keippit the portis of the towne, and intendit to have persewit some men within thair awin housses ; bot that, upoun the restitutioun of thair swerdis and enseynze, wes stayit.

Bot yit thay ceassit nott to molest, alsweill the inhabitantes of Edinburgh as diverse countrey men, taking howeyer, to abolish long continued customs; and complaints to the General

Assembly for their continued obseryance were made until the close of the 16th century.

Of the tumult that took place in Edinburgh, on the 21st of June 1561, a very minute and interesting account is preserved in the Diurnal of Occurrents, pp. 283-4.

1554, he was advanced to be Clerk-Register; and continued to be employed in various public affairs.

He joined the Reformers, but on account of his concern in the murder of David Riccio, 9th March 1566, he fled from Edinburgh, and his situation as Clerk-Register was conferred upon Sir James

Balfour.

Upon a vacancy, in December 1567, after the accession of the Regent Murray to power, Makgill was restored, and he continued in office till 1577.

He died in 1579.

(Senators of the College of Justice, p. 99.) Several persons were brought to trial on account of these riots.

On the 20th July 1561, Robert Hannay, smith, and nine others were tried, as art and part in choosing George Durye in the month of April last, and calling him Lord of Inobedience, and for rioting on Sunday the 12th May.

(See Pitcairn's Criminal Trials, vol. i. p. 409.) And James Fraser, sadler, and five others, were tried on the 8th of August, on account of the riots in the month of July.

(Ib. p. 410.) 8 This date occurs in the text; and the set or quire in this place was no doubt transcribed about that time.

4 During the festivities of the month of May, the games of Robin Hood were attended with so much disorderly license, that they were ordered to be suppressed by an Act of the Scotish Parliament in 1555.

It is not easy,

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. frome thame money, and threitnyng some with farder injureis.

Quhairwith the Magistratis of the towne, heychtlie offendit, tuke mair diligent heid to suche as resortit to the towne, and so apprehendit ane of the principall of that misordour, namit

SOME SAYIS

HIS NAME IS

KYLLONE, Gillone,! a cordinare, quhome thai put to ane assisse; [and being convicted, for he could not be absolved,]? (for he wes the cheif man that spoillit Johnne Mowbray of ten crownis of the Sone,) thai thocht to have execute jugement upone him, and so erected a jebbete beneath the Croce.

But, quhidder it came by pactioun with the Provest and some uther, or by instigatioun of the Craftismen, quha ever haif bene bent too muche to mayntene suche vanitie and ryotousnes, we fullie knaw nott, but suddandlie thair did ryse a tumult; the Tolbuyth wes brokin up, and not onlie the said Gillone, quho befoir wes dampnit, wes violentlie takin furth, bot also all uther malefactouris wer set at fredome; the jebbete wes pullit downe, and dispitfullie brokin ; and thairefter, as the Provest and some of the Counsall assemblit to the Clerkis3 chalmer for consultatioun, the haill rascall [multitude] bandit togidder, with some knawin unhonest* craftismen, and intendit invasioun of the said chalmer.

Quhilk perceavit, the Provest, and such as wer in his cumpany, past to the Tolbuyth, suspecting nothing that thai wald haif bene sa enragit that thai wald mak new persute, efter that thai had obtenit thair intent:

Bot thai wer suddandlie deceavit, for from the Castelhill thai come with violence, and with stanis, gunnis, and such uther weaponis as thei had, began to assault the said Tolbuyth, ran at the dure of it, quhilk that parte by stanis cast from above, and partlie by a pystoll schott by Robert Norwell, quhilk hurt ane Twedy, thai wer repulsit [fra the door]; bot yit ceassit

1 In MS. G, " Kyllone:" Vautr. edit.

2 The words enclosed in brackets, makes the name " Balon."

In the omitted in MS. 1566, are supplied from Diurnal of Occurrents, he is called MBS. G.

James Killone and Kellone, at p. 65, but * Alexander Guthrie, city clerk.

James Gilloun and Gillone, at p. 288.

* In MS. G, " and honest "

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

not thai to cast and schute in at the wyndowis, threitnyng deith to all that war within.

And in verray deid the malice of the craftismen, quho wer suspectit to be the occasioun of that tumult, bare na gude will to dyvers of thame that wes with the Provost.

The argumentis that the Craftis wer the caus of that uproire, besydis thair first misordour that thai haid usit befoir, in tackin Sandersoun from the exectioun of punishment, are twa.

The formar, Archibald Dewar, Patrik Schange, with uther five deaconis [of the craftis] come to Johnne Knox, and willit him to solist the Provest and the towne to delay the executioun : quho did answer, " That he haid sa oft solistit in thair favouris, that his awin conscience accusit him, that thai usit his labouris for na uther end, bot to be a patrone to thair impietie."

For he haid befoir maid intercessioun for William Harlaw, James Frissall, and utheris, that wer convict of the formare tumult.

Thai proudlie said, " That gif it was not stayit, bayth he and the Baillies suld repent it."

Quhairto he answerit, " He wald not hurt his conscience for ony feir of man."

And sa thai departit ; and the tumult (as said is) immediatlie thairefter did aryse.

The secund argument is, the tumult continewit fra twa at efter none till efter aucht at nycht.

The Craftismen wer requyrit to assemble them selfis togidder for deliverance of thair Provest [and Baillies]; bot thai past to thair foure houris penny, and in thair. jesting said, " Thai will be Magistratis allone, latt thame reule the multitude allone"'

And sa, contrair to the ayth that thai haid maid, thai denyit thair assistance, counsall, and conforte to thair Provest and Baillies; quhilk ar argumentis verray probable, that the said tumult raise by thair procurement.

'The. end heirof was, that the Provest! and 1 Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie, 1562, Douglas was again chosen Provost filled the office of Provost of Edinburgh of the City.

(Maitland's Hist. of Edinin the year 1561. Bya special mandate burgh, p. 24.) from Queen Mary, dated 21st August

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III, Baillies wer compellit to gif thair handwrittis, that thai suld never perseu ony of thame that war of that tumult, for ony cryme that wes done in that behalf.

And this wes proclamet at the Croce efter nyne houris at nycht; and sa that truble quyetted.

Bot the Nobilitie avowit, that thai suld not spare it; and sa a greit nomber of that factioun war absent frome the towne, till the arryvall of the Quene.

The haill multitude wer haldin excomunicat, and war admittit to no participatioun of the sacramentis, unto suche tyme as thai satisfied the Magistratis, and maid humble sute unto the Kirk.

Off the deith of the Quene Regent, we haif befoir spokin,! but of hir buriall wes nothing herd; and it may appeir that suche matteris are unworthy of remembrance.

Bot and gif all thingis salbe rychtlie weyit, we sall perceave Goddis just jugementis, how secreit that ever thai be.

Befoir, we herd? the barbarous inhumanitie that wes usit at Leyth by the Frenche, quha, exponed the naked carcasis of the slane, as it war in a spectacle, dispiting God.

We herd, that this Quene Regent rejosit at the sycht ; bot hir joy was suddandlie turned in sorrow, as we haif herd.

The questioun wes moved of hir buriall.

The Precheouris boldlie ganestude, that ony superstitious rytes OF THE

QUENE RE:

GENTIS BURIALL. suld be usit within that Realme, quhilk God of his mercy had begun to purge.

And sa conclusioun wes takin, that hir buriall suld be deferred till farther advisement; and sa scho wes lappit in a cope of leid, and keipit in the Castell, fra the nynt of Junij,? unto the nyntene of October, quhen scho by pynouris wes caryed to a schip, and sa caryed to France.

Quhat pompe wes usit thair, we nather herd nor yit regard.

Bot in it we se, that scho that delited that utheris lay without buryall, gat it nether sa sone, as scho hir self (gif scho haid

1 See supra, page 71. others say the morning of the 11th:

2 Tb. page 68.

See notices of the Queen's death and 3 The 10th of July isthe day usually funerals in the Appendix to the present assigned for the Queen Regent's death: volume.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

bene on the counsall in hir lyff) wald have requyred it, nather yit sa honorable in this realme, as sometymes scho lukit for.

It may chance be a prognostication that the Guisians blude can nocht haif lang rest within this Realme.

The Papistis, a little befoir the Parliament, resorted in diverse bandis to the towne, and began to brag, as that thai wald haif defaced the Protestantes.

Quhilk thing perceaved, the brethrein assemblit togidder, and yeid! in such cumpanyes; and that in peciable maner, that the Bischoppis and thair bandis forsuyk the calsay.

The brethrene understanding quhat the Papistis meant, convenit in counsall in the Tolbuyth of Edinburght, the xxvij of May, the yeir of God J™ V° thre scoir and ane yeir; and efter consultatioun, concludit, that ane humble Supplicatioun suld be presentit unto the Lordis of vor.

Secreit Counsall, and unto the haill assemblie, that then wes convenit, in the quhilk suld thir subsequent heidis be required, and a law to pas thairupoun.

First, That Idolatrie, and all monumentis thairof, suld be suppressit throwout the haill realme; that the sayaris, heiraris, mayntenaris, and usaris of the Messe, suld be punischit according to the Act of Parliament, as said is.

2. That speciall and certane provisioun be maid for the sustentatioun of the Superintendentes, Ministeris, Exhorters, and Readers.

That Superintendentes and Ministeris suld be planted quhair nane war.

That punyschment suld be appointed for suche as dissobeyid or contemned the Superintendentes in thair functioun.

3. That punischment may be appoynted for the abusaris of the sacramentis, and for the contempnaris of the same.

4. That na letteris of the Sessioun be gevin to answer or pay to ony persoun thair teyndis, without especiall provisioun, that the parrochinaris retene sa mekle in thair awin handis,

1—In Vautr. edit. and MS. G, "and went."

VOL. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox ILI. as is appoynted to the ministrey ; and that all suche as ar ellis gevin be called in, and dischargit ; and lykewise that na

Schireffis gif preceptis to that effect.

5, That nather the Lordis of Sessioun, nor ony uther Jugis, proceid upone suche preceptis or warnyngis, past at the instance of thame that of lait haif obtenit fewis of vicaragis, and personagis,! manses, and kirkyardis; and that sex aikkeris (gif so muche thairbe) of the gleib, be alwayis reserved to the minister, according to the appointment of the Buke of Disciplyne; and that everie minister may haif letteris thairupoun.

6. That na letteris of the Sessioun, nor [any] utheris tak place, quhill the stipendis contened in the Buke of Disciplyne, for sustentatioun of the ministeris, be first consignat in the handis, at the leist, of the principallis of the parochinaris.

7. That punischement be appoyntit aganis sik as purchess, bringis hame, or executis within this Realme, the Paipis Bullis.

The tennour of the Supplicatioun wes this :— Piers your Honouris, and the wisdomes of suche as ar heir presentlie convenit with yow in Counsall, to understand, that by mony argumentis we perceave quhat the pestilent generatioun of that Romane Antichrist within this Realme pretendis ; to wit, that thai wald of new erect thair idolatrie, tak upone thame to impyre abufe our conscience, and so to command us, the trew subjectis of this Realme, and suche as God of his mercy hes (under our Soverane) subjected unto us, in all thingis to obey thair appetitis.

Honestie cravis, and conscience movis us, to mak the verray secreittis of oure hertis patent to youre Honouris in that behalf; quhilk is this, " That befoir that ever thai tyrantis and dumb doggis impyre abufe us, and abufe suche as God hes subjected unto us, that we the Barronis and Gentilmen professing Christ Jesus within this

Realme, ar fullie determined to hasard lyffe, and quhatsoever 1 In MSS. 1566, G, &c., and Vautr. edit. " personis."

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

we haif received of our God in temporall thingis.""

Most humblie thairfoir beseiking your Honouris, that suche ordour may be takin, that we haif nott occasioun to tak agane the swerd of just defence into oure handis, quhilk we haif willinglie (efter that God hes gevin victorie, bayth to your Honouris and us) resignit ovir in your handis; to the end, that Goddis

Eyangell may be publiklie within this Realme preached ; the trew Ministeris thairof resonabillie sustened;

Idolatrie suppressed, and the committaris thairof punissit, according to the lawes of God and man.

In doing whairof, your Honouris sall find us, nott onlie obedient unto yow in all thingis lauchfull, but also reddy at all tymes to bring under ordour and obedience, suche as wald rebell aganis your just authoritie, quhilk, in absence of our Soverane, we acknawlege to be in your handis.

Beseiking your Honouris, with uprycht jugement and indifferencie, to luyk upone thir oure few Articles, and, by thir oure brethrein, to signifie unto us suche answer agane, as may declair your Honouris worthy of that place, quhairunto God (efter some dangeris sustened) in his mercy hes called yow.

And lett thir ennemeis of God assure thameselfis, that gif your Honouris put nocht ordour unto thame, that we sall schortlie tak suche ordour, that thai salbe nather abill to do quhat thai list, nather yit to leif upone the sweit of the browis of suche as ar na debteris unto thame.

Lett your Honouris conceave na thing of us, bot all humble obedience in God.

Bott let the Papistis be yitt anys agane assured that thair pryid and idolatrie we will not suffer.

(Directed fra the Assemblie.of the Kirk, the 28th! of Maij 1561, and send by thir brethrein,* the Maister of Lindeceeded to the title of Lord Lindsay of Byres, on his father's death in 15638; (2.) John Gordon of Lochinvar, in Kirkcudbrightshire; (3.) Andrew Ker of Farnihurst, in Roxburghshire, ancestor to the Earls of Lothian; (4.) William Douglas of Whittingham, in East Lothian, a 1In MSS. 1566, G, &. " the 18."

Vautr. edit. gives the correct date, "« 28th :" see next page, note 4.

2 The persons who formed this deputation from the General Assembly to the Lords of Secret Council, were, (1.) Patrick Master of Lindesay, who suc-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. say, the Laird of Lochinvar,? the Laird of Pharnyhirst, the Laird of Quhittingham, Thomas Menzies Provest of Abirdene, and George Lowell burges of Dundee.) Upone the quhilk requeist and Articles, the Lordis of Counsall foirsaid maid ane act and ordinance answering to everie heid of the foirsaid Articles,4 and commandit letteris to be answerit thairupon, quhilk diverse ministeris raysit, as in the buykis of Secreit Counsall is yit to be found.

And thus gat Sathan the secund fall, efter that he haid begun to truble the estait of the religioun, ones establissit by law.

His first assault wes by the raschall multitude, opponying thame selfis to the punischement of vice:

The secound wes, by the Bischoppis and thair bandis, in quhilk he thocht uterly to haif triumphit ; and yit he in the end prospered wer® then ye haif herd.

For in this meyntyme, returnit fra France the Lord James,® every head of the said Articles and Supplicatioun, at length specified in the Act of Secreit Counsell made therupon ; whilk is to be had in the hands of John Johnstone, scrybe therof, and letters and publicatioun past therupon." grandson of James second Earl of Morton, and afterwards one of the Senators of the College of Justice; (5.) Thomas Menzies of Pitfoddellis, who was Provost of Aberdeen, from 1547 to 1576, without interruption; and, (6.) George Lovell, burgess of Dundee, whose name has already occurred in Knox.

5 In MS. G, &c. " prosperit worse."

6 Lord James Stewart (see page 142, note 3.) Queen Mary, in a letter to Throkmorton, dated at Nancy 22d April 1561, declares that Lord James who was then with her, had come without any special mission: " Quant a Lord James qui est devers moy, il y est venue pour son devoir, comme devers sa souveraine Dame, que je suis, sans,charge ou commission qui concerne autre chose que son droit."

She was anxious he should not return through England; and there can be no doubt, his conduct was too much influenced by the English Court.

See the letters quoted by Mr.

Tytler, vol. vi. pages 218 to 225. Lord James returned from France before the end of May 1561.

The Diurnal of Oc5 In MS.

1566, " the Lard of Low'lewin."

4 According to the " Booke of the Universall Kirk of Scotland," containing the Acts and Proceedings of the Assembly, the meeting was held on the 26th of May; and the persons abovenamed were appointed on the 28th to present the Supplication and Articles " tuitching the Suppressioun of Idolatrie."

The result of the application is thus recorded :— " Upoun the whilk Supplicatioun, Articles and sute thairof was grantit, and followit be the Lords of Secreit Counsell, and Act and Ordinance thairupon, with letters therupon, answering to

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

quha, besyid his greit expensis, and the lose of ane box quhairin wes his secreit poise, eschapit a desparit danger in Pareise: for, his returnyng from our Soverane (quha then lay with the Cardinall of Lorane at Reims) understood' of the Papistis at Pareise, thai haid conspired some tresonable act aganis him; for thai intendit ather to besett his hous by nycht, or ellis to have assaulted him and his company as thai walkit upoun the streittis.

Quhairof the said Lord James advertist by the Ryngrave,' by ressone of auld familiaritie quhilk wes betwix thame in Scotland, he tuke purpoise suddenlie and in gude ordour to depart from Pareise; as that he did, the secund day efter that he arrived thair.

And yit culd he not depart sa secreitlie, bot that the Papistis haid thair prevy ambusches ; for upone the Pont of Change? thai haid prepared ane processioun, quhilk met the said Lord and his cumpany evin in the teith; and knawing that thai wald not do the accustumat reverence unto thame and thair idolis, thai thocht thairupone to haif picked a quarrell; and sa as ane part passed by, without moving of hatt to ony thing that wes notillac, the widow of Charles Seigneur de Crussol, Vicomte d' Uzés. (Anselme, currents (p. 283) has the 19th of May ; but according to a letter quoted by Mr.

Tytler, it appears that Lord James was in London on the 20th of that month, but had reached Edinburgh on the 3d of June.

(History, vol. vi. p. 225.) Hist. Geneal. vol. iii. p. 768.) In December 1562, "the Rhyngrave lost fourscore of his horsemen," or, ' reisters," when Harfleur was taken by the English. (Wright's Queen Elizabeth, vol. i. pp119-120.) 7 In MS. 1566, "at Reins) understand."

§ The Count Rheingrave had the command of the German troops which formed one of the divisions of the French forces sent to Scotland in 1548.

He distinguished himself at the sieges of Haddington and Dundee.

(Lesley's History, pp. 206, 207, 219, 223.) He returned to France in 1549, but it seems doubtful whether he again visited this country.

He appears to have settled in France.

John Philip Rheingrave, Count Palatine of the Rhine, before 1554, married an heiress, Jean de Ge- ® In MS. G, "upon the Change-brig ;"

Vautrollier's edition makes it, " upon the point of change."

The place referred to was the principal bridge in Paris, across the river Seine, formerly known as the Grand Pont.

It takes its name, Pont au Change, from the changeurs or money-brokers who resided there, so early as the 12th century; but the houses upon the bridge were finally removed in 1788, by order of Louis XVI.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. thair, thai haid suborned some to crye " Hugenottis," and to cast stanis.

Bot God disapoynted thair interpryse ; for the said Ryngraife, with other gentilmen, being with the Lord James, rebuykit the fulische multitude, and over raid some of the formaist ; and sa the rest war dispersit ; and he and his cumpany saiflie eschapit, and come with expeditioun to Edinburgh, quhill that yit the Lordis and assemblie wer togither, to the greit comfort of many godlie hertis, and to na litile astonischement of the wicked: for, fra the Quene oure Soverane he brocht letteris to the Lordis, praying thame to intertenye quyetnes, and to suffer na thing to be attemptit aganis the Contract of peace quhilk wes maid at Leyth, till her awin hame-cuming, and to suffer the religioun publictlie establissit to go fordward, &c.

Quhairupone the saidis Lordis gaif answer to the Frenche Ambassadour, a negatyve to everie ane of his petitiouns.!

And First, That France haid not deserved at thair handis, that ather thai or thair posteritie, suld enter with thame agane in ony league or confideracie, offensive or defensive, seying that sa tratrouslie and crewallie, thai haid persecuted thame, thair Realme and liberteis, under pretense of amitie and mariage.

Secundlie, That besydis thair conscience, thai culd not tak suche a warldlie scheme, as without offence committit, to breke the league, quhilk in Goddis name thai haid maid with thame, quhom he haid maid instrumentis to set Scotland at fredome from the tyranny of the Frenche, at the leist of the Guisians and thair factioun.

And last, That suche as thai callit Bischoppis and Kirkmen, thai knew nather for pastouris of the Kirk, nather yit for ony just possessouris of the patrimonye thairof; bot understude thame perfitlie to be wolves, theaves, murtheraris, and idill-belleis:

And thairfoir, as Scotland haid forsakin the 1 See supra, page 156.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Pape and Papistrie, sa culd thai not be debttouris to his foresworne vassallis.

With thir answeris departit the said Ambassadour.!

And the Lordis of Secreit Counsall maid ane act, that all places and monumentis of ydolatrie suld be destroyit.2 And for that purpose wes directed to the West, the Erle of Arrane, having joyned with him the Erlis of Argyle and Glencarne, togidder with the Protestantes of the West: quha burnt Paislay,® (the Bischope [of Sanctandrois, quha was Abbot thareof,4] narrow1 Monsieur de Nouailles left Edinburgh on the 7th June 1561.

(Diurnal of Occurrents, p. 64.) continued to be used as the collegiate church of the Abbey Parish.

* The words inclosed within brackets, omitted in the MS. 1566, and in Vautr.

2 As Knox has enjoyed more than his edit., are supplied from MS. G.—In vol. full share of credit for destroying the ecclesiastical buildings of this country,

I may be permitted to call the reader's attention to Dr. M'Crie's remarks on the i. p. 124, it is mentioned, that John Hamilton, who afterwards became Archbishop of St. Andrews, had obtained the Abbacy of Paisley in the year 1525.

In 1544, he proposed to resign Paisley " Alleged Excesses of the Reformers," in his notes to the Life of Knox, vol. ii. pages 450-456. But it might not be difficult to show that the actual devastations committed by the Reformers have been greatly exaggerated.

The object they had in view was not to destroy the buildings, but to remove objects of idolatrous worship and superstition.

It should also be remembered, that the revenues appropriated for keeping such buildings in repair, being diverted to other channels, these large and imposing to his brother James, reserving to himself the whole fruits of the benefice, with a right to re-enter to it, should his brother predecease him. (Epist. Regum Scot. vol. ii. p. 212.) This arrangement probably was not confirmed; as the Abbot eventually resigned the Commendatorship to Lord Claud Hamilton, third son of James Duke of Chattelherault.

This appears to have taken place in 15538, when Lord Claud, was aged eleven years; the Archbishop still acting as Administrator in spiritual as well as temporal matters, till the Commendator had attained the age of twentythree.

In various deeds, so late as April 1565, the former continued to be styled "John, &c. Archbishop of Sanctandrois, Primat and Legat of the haill

Realme of Scotland, and Abbot of the Abbay of Pasley."

Lord Claud Hamilton was the ancestor of the Earls of Abercorn. edifices, more suited for the services of the Romish Church than the simpler forms of Presbyterian worship, were allowed to fall into utter ruin.

When portions were restored to serve as parish churches, this was too often done but little in accordance with their original richly decorated style of architecture.

8 The Monastery of Paisley, in the shire of Renfrew, was not wholly destroyed, as the nave of the church, with its aisles, remain very entire, and have

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. lie eschapit,) kest doun Failfurd,) Kilwynnyng,? and a part of Corsragwell.2

The Lord James wes appointed to the North, quhair he maid sick reformatioun, as nathing contentit the Erle of Huntlie, and yet seemed he to approve all thingis.

And thus God sa potentlie wrocht with us, sa lang as we dependit upone him, that all the warld mycht se his potent hand to mayntene us, and to feght aganis oure ennemeis; yea, most to confound thame, quhen that thay promest to thame selfis victory without resistance.

"Oh! that we suld rychtlie considder the wonderouse werkis of the Lord oure God."

In the Treatye of Peace contracted at Leyth, thair war contened certane heidis that requyred the ratificatioun of baith the Quenis.

The Quene of Ingland, according to hir promese, subscriptioun, and seill, without ony delay performit the same,* and sent it to oure Soverane by hir appoynted offiBot our Soverane (quhidder because hir awin craftie nature thairto moved hir, or that hir Uncles cheiff counsalclaris. louris sa wald, we knaw not) with mony delatouris frustrat the expectatioun of the Quene of Ingland; as by the copy of a Letter, sent from the Ambassadour of Ingland to his Soverane," we may understand.

1 Only some inconsiderable remains now exist of the Monastery of Failfurd, in the parish of Tarbolton, Ayrshire.

5 Sir Nicholas Throkmorton :—His correspondence, addressed to Queen Elizabeth and Secretary Cecil, whilst English ambassador at the Court of 2 Some portions of this stately building still exist, adjoining the Parish

Church of Kilwinning.

' France, includes much curious and interesting matter relating to Scotland.

See in particular Dr. Forbes's Collection of State Papers, Lond. 1740, 1741, 2vols. folio: unfortunately the intermediate portion of his Collections, from May 1560 to July 1562, was never published.

Throkmorton returned from France in 3 The Abbay of Crossraguel, in the parish of Kirkoswald, about two miles from Maybole, although in ruins, is preserved with great care, and is more entire than any other monastic building in the West of Scotland.

4 The Treaty of Leith, as already noticed at pages 73-84, was ratified by Queen Elizabeth, 20th September 1560:

The Ratification is printed in Rymer's Foedera.

1564, and was afterwards sent on more than one occasion to Scotland. He was made Chamberlain of the Exchequer; and died in 1570.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

At Pareis, the xxiij of Junij 1561.

"THE xviij of this present Junij, I send Sommer! to the Quene of Scottis for audience, quha appoyntit me to come to hir the same day efter denner ; quhilk I did. .To hir I did [remember] youre Majesteis hertlie recommendations, and declarit unto hir your Majesteis lyik glaidsomnes of hir recoverye of hir lait seikness, quhais want of helth, as it wes grevouse unto youre Majestie, so did yow congratulat and greitlie rejoise of the gude termes of helth scho wes presentlie in.

After these offices, I put hir in remembrance agane quhat haid passed from the begynning, in the mater of youre Majesteis demand of hir ratificatioun, according to the proporte? of the said

Treatie, alsweill by me at the first, as efterwart by my Lord of Bedfurd at his being heir, and alsua followed sensyne agane be me in audience, and by my letter to hir being in Lorane: adding heirto youre Majesteis farther commandiment; and recharge to me agane, presentlie to renew the same demand, as befoir haid bene done."

The said Quene maid answer:

" Monsieur lAmbassadour, I thank the Quene, my gude-sister, for this gentle visitatioun and congratulatioun of this my recoverye; and thocht I be

ANSURE. not yit in perfite helth, yit I thank God I feill my self in verray gude®? in the cuming to.

And for ansuer to youre demand, (quod sche,) of my ratificatioun, I do remember all thai thingis that yow haif recited unto me; and I wald the Quene, my gude-sister, suld think that I do respect the resolute ansuer in this mater, and performyng thairof, untill suche tit mimw tyme as I may have the advyses of the Noblis and Estaitis o my awin Realme, quhilk I trust sall not be lang a doing ; corruer

CRAFTIE DEALLAR;

THOU NEVER

RESPECTRHD

HEM FAR-

THAI MYCHT

SERVE TO

AFFECTIONS.

for J intend to mak my voyage thither schortlie.

And thocht 2 In MS. 1566, " propertie."'

1 « Mr. Somer," or Sommers, was a confidential agent or messenger employed by Cecil, in his correspondence with the English Ambassadors at the Court 3 In Vautr. edit.

" in very good health :" MS. G, (omitting the words, "T thank God,") is the same as the text. of France.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. this mater (quod scho) dois twiche me principallie, yit dois it also twiche the Noblis and Estaitis of my Realme too; and thairfoir it salbe meit, that I use thair advyses thairin.

Heirtofoir, thai haif semed to be greved that I suld do ony thing without thame; and now thai wald be mair offendit gif I suld proceid in this mater of my self, without thair advyses.

I do intend (quod scho) to send Monsieur Dosell! to the Quene youre Maistres, my gude-sister, quho sall declair that unto hir from me, that, I trust, sall satisfie hir; by quhom

I will gif hir to understand of my jurnay into Scotland.

I meyne to embarque at Calice.

The King hes lent me certane

THIS WKS A

SECREIT LARDON. galeis and schippis, to convoy me hame; and I intend to requyre of my gude-sister those favouris that princes usis to do

SCHO MENT

SCHO WALD

SEIK A SAIF

CONDUCT. in those cases.

And thocht the termes quhairin we haif heir- «VER QUHILL THAT Scio

MAY SCHAW

MIR EVILL

WILL.2

GIF FRANCE

WALD HAIF

SUSTENIT

THAM, THAI

HAID NOT

YIT DEPAR-

TIT. tofoir [been], hes bene some quhat hard,* yet, I trust that from hensfurth we sall accord togidder as cousignes and gude nychtbouris.

I meyne (quod scho) to reteir all the Frenche men furth of Scotland, quho hes gevin jelose to the Quene, my gude-sister, and miscontentment to my subjectis ; so as I will leve nathing undone to satisfie all parties, trusting the Quene,

1 The Seigneur D'Oysel : See notes in but this only served us for answer,"

&c., namely, her refusal to ratify the Treaty of Peace.

It is added, "' Monser d'Oyzell was also gently required to returne with this answer."

(Wright's Queen Elizabeth, vol. i. pp. 48, 62, 66.) Mr. Tytler has shown, that D'Oysel "was altogether unworthy of the trust reposed in him," by his secret communications both to the English Ambassador and Queen Elizabeth.

(Hist. vol. vi. p. 228.) vol. i. pp. 828 and 355.

Lord Clinton, in a letter to the Earl of Sussex, 8th August 1560, mentions that D'Oysel and Martigues, having 8500 French soldiers in their company, had then landed at Calais, on their return from Scotland.

Queen Mary had purposed sending him again to Scotland in the spring of 1561.

From letters of the time we learn he was not expected to reach Greenwich before the 8th of July, and Cecil on the 25th of that month says, '" Monser d'Oyzell came from the Scottish Quene, with request that the Quene his Mistress might have a salve conduct to pass alongst our sea coast, and hymself to pass into Scotland to provide for her coming.

Many reasons moved us to myslike her passadge, 2 This marginal note forms part of the text in MS. G.

It evidently is one of those remarks of the author which form a kind of running commentary by Knox on this communication.

They are contained in Vautrollier's edition; but not in MS. G, with the exception of this marginal addition.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Wezel my gude-sister, will do the lyke, and that from hensfurth none aut cen of my disobedient subjectis (gif thair be ony suche) sall fynd ©4820. ayd or supporte at hir handis."

I answered, " That I was nocht desyrous to fall in the discours how those hard termes first beganne, nor by quhat meanys thai wer nurischit; becaus thairin I most charge eS some partie with injurie, and perrel offered to the Quene my W»R vsurmaistres, quhilk wes the verray ground of those materis:

Bot I wes weill assured thair culd be no better occasioun offered to put the formar unkyndnes in forgetfulnes, than by ratifyeing the Treatie of Peace, for that suld repay all injureis past.

And Madame, (quod I,) quhair it plesis yow to suspend the Ratificatioun, untill yow haif the advyses of the Nobles and Estatis of youre Realme, the Quene my maistres dois nothing doubt of thair conformitie in this mater, becaus the Treatie wes maid by thair consentis."

The Quene answered, " Yea, by some of thame, but not by ee all.

It will appeir, quhen I cum amangis thame, quhidder 4x» overs thai be of the same mynd that yow say thai wer than of, Pesctisit.

[or no:] Bot of this I assure yow, Monsieur l'Ambassadour, SeCuety.

(quod scho,) I, for my parte, am verray desyrouse to haif the SGM? perfite and the assured amitie of the Quene, my gude-sister, tenaxp

AND THE and will use all the meanis I can to geve hir occasioun to paivts re.

Bp A :

LIGIOUN, I

think that I meane it in deid."

THINK SGHO

LYET NOT.

I answered, " Madame, the Quene my maistres, yow may be assurit, will use the lyik towardis yow, to move yow to be of the same opinioun towardis hir."

"Than (said scho) I traist the Quene your maistres, will ¢y "6p

not support nor encurage none of my subjectis to continew in oF ners .

WAS DIsthair disobedience, nor to tak upone thame thingis that aposspiznce s .

TO CURSIT

pertene not to subjectis.'—[ This we mon answer heir: It appersusaszzz. tenis to subjectis to wirschip God as he hes commandit, and to suppres idolatrie, by quhomsoevir it be erected or mayntened. ]}

1 The words enclosed within brackets are evidently added by Knox.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III.

" Yow knaw, (quod scho,) thair is moche ado in my Realme about materis of religioun; and thocht thair be a greittar nomber of a contrarie religioun unto me then I wald thair war, yit thair is na ressone that subjectis suld gif a law to thair

Soverane, and speciallie in materis of religioun, quhilk, I

GOD GEVIS

HIS LAW ALSWEILL TO THE

PRINCE AS

TO THE SUBJECT. feare, (quod scho,) my subjectis sall tak in hand."—[ Answer for the parte of Scotland: and gif sa thai haid done, thai haid eschapit Goddis indignatioun, quhilk hes bene felt, and still hingis over this Realme, for the idolatrie and other abominationis committit in the same, quhilk sall not ceise till that it be suppressit. |!

I answerit, " Madame, youre realme is in na uther caise at this day, than all uther realmes of Christiandome ar ; the prufe quhairof you see verefied in this realme: and you see quhat grit difficultie it is to gif ordour in this mater, thocht the King and all his Counsall be verray desyrouse thairunto.

Religioun is of the grittest force that may be.

You haif bene lang out of your awin realme, so as the contrarie religioun to youris hes wone the upper hand, and the grittest parte of youre realme.

Youre Mother wes a woman of greit experience, of deip dissimulatioun, and keipit that Realme in quyetness, till scho begane to constraine? menis consciences ; and as you think it unmeit to be constranit by your subjectis, so it may lyk you to considder, the mater is also intollerabill to thame to be constraynit by you in materis of conscience ; for the dewtie deu to God can not be gevin to ony uther without offence of his

Majestie."

" Quhy, (said scho,) God dois command subjectis to be obedient to thair Princes, and commandis Princes to reid his law, and governe thairby thame selfis and the peple committit to thair chargis." Answer,

" Yea, Madame, (quod J,) in those thingis that be not aganis his commandimentis."

" Weill, (quod scho,) I will be plane with you: the Religioun that I

THE CONSE-

CRA'TIOUN

OF THE

CARDINALL

WILL NOT SUFFER Yow. profess, I tak to be maist acceptable to God: and, in deid,

1 This is one of Knox's additions.

2 In MS. G, " to strayne."

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

neither do I knaw nor desire to knaw any uther.

Constancie dois become all folkis weill; but none better than Princes, and suche as have reull over Realmes, and speciallie in materis of Religioun."

[The Turk is als constant in his Alcoram, as ™# T1 = :

° LARDON, the Paip and his sect ar in his constitutionis.]1 "I haif bene 4ccu1Ne brocht up, (quod scho,) in this Religioun; and quho mycht rNCONSTAN. creditt me in ony thing gif I suld schaw my self lycht in this °° case ; and thocht I be young and nott weill learned, yitt haif I herd this mater oft disputed by my Uncle my Lord Cardinall, with some that thocht thai could say somquhat in the mater ; and I fand thairin na grit ressone to change my opinioun."

[Neather yitt did Caiaphas, quhen Christ Jesus did reassone in his presence:

Bot quhat wes the Cardinall compelled to confesse at Poysie ?]?

"Madame, (quod IJ,) gif you will juge weill in that mater, you mon be conversant in the Scriptures, quhilk ar the tuichstone to try the rycht from the wrang.

Paradventure, you ar so partiallie affected to your Uncle's argument, that you culd not indifferentlie considder the uther partie.

Yit this I assure you, Madame, (quod I,) your Uncle my Lord Cardinall, in conference with me about these materis, hes confessed, that thair be grit errouris and abuses come into the Kirk, and grit disordour in the Ministeris and Clargye; insomuche that he sor me

DEVILL desyred and wisched that thair mycht be a reformatioun of war vur

ORDOUR TO

the ane and of the uther."

"I have oftyne tymes hard him #™ serr. say the lyik," (quod scho.) Than I said, " Weill, I trust God will inspyre all you that be Princes, that thair be some gude ordour tackin in this mater, so as thair may be one unitie in Religioun throcht all Christiandome."

CHANGE IT

NOT BEFOIR

"God grant, (quod scho,) bot for my parte, you may perYow nave IT; FOR i iol DANSING ceave I am none of those that will change my Religioun, P4Ns1No everie yeir.

And, as I tauld you in the begynnyng, I meyne tir Grounp .

. e ° F yi to constrane none of my subjectis, bot wald wische that thai gomuc

YIT YE HAIF

PROFESSIT.,

1 & 2 These words, enclosed, are remarks by Knox.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. wer all as I am; and I trust thai suld haif na supporte to constrane me.

I will send Monsieur Dosell, (quod scho,) to you befoir he go, to knaw quhether you will ony thing into Ingland.

I pray you, so ordour yourself in this mater, betwix the Quene my gud sister and me, that thair may be perfite and sure amitie betwix us ; for I knaw, (quod scho,) Ministeris may do muche gude and harme."

I tauld hir, "I wald faithfullie and treulie mak declaratioun, of all that scho haid said unto me, unto your Majestie; and trusted that scho wald so satisfie your Majestie by Monsieur

Dosell in all thingis, as I suld heirefter have no moir occasionis to treatie with hir of ony thingis bot of the encrease of amitie."

Scho said, "Thair suld be no want thairin on hir behalf."

"This is the effect of the Quene of Scotlandis answer to youre Majesteis demand of hir said Ratificatioun, and of my negotiatioun with hir at this tyme."

These advertisementis somewhat exasperated the Quene of Ingland, and nott altogither without cause; for the armys of Ingland wer befoir usurpit by oure Soverane, and by hir husband Francis; and Elizabeth, Quene of Ingland, wes of the Gwysians reputed litill better then a bastard.

It was appointed that this titill suld be renuncit.

Bot heirof haid oure proude and vane glorious Quene no plesour, and especiallie efter that hir husband was deid; for, thocht scho, the toluyke of Ingland! sali allure mony wowaris to me.

The Gwysians and the Paipistis of baith the Realmes did not a litill animat hir in that persute; the effect quhairof will sonar appeir then the godlie of Ingland wald desyre:

And yit is scho that now reigneth ovir thame, neather gude Protestant, nor yit resolute Papist:

Lat the warld juge quhilk is the thrid.

1In Vautr. edit., " the shew of England."

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Queyn Elizabeth,! we say, offendit with the former ansueris, wrait unto the Nobilitie and Estaittis of Scotland, in forme as followis :— THE QuENE or INeLaNDIS LETTER TO THE Estaittis oF ScoTLanp.

Rycut trusty and rycht enteirlie belovit Cousingis, we greit yow.

We doubt not, bot as oure menyng is, and hes bene alwayis sithence oure regne, in the sycht of Almichty God, streycht and direct towart the advancement of his honour. and trewth in religioun, and consequentlie to procure peace and mayntene concord betwix baith thir Realmes of Ingland and Scotland ; so also our outwarde actis have weill declared the same to the warld, and speciallie to yow, being oure nychtbouris, quho have taisted and proved in these oure friendschip and ernest gude will, mair then we think any of youre antecessouris have ever receaved from hence; yea, moir then a greit nomber of youre selfis culd weill houpe of us, all former examples being weill weyit and considered.

And this we haif to rejoise of, and so may ye be glaid, that quhair, in the begynnyng of the trublis in that cuntrey, and of our succours ment for yow, the jelosie, or rather the malice of diverse, boith in that Realme and in uther cuntreis, wes suche, boith to deprave boith us in the yielding, and yow in requyring our aide, that we were noted to have meant the surprise of that Realme, by depryving of your Soverane the Quene of hir croune, and yow or the greittar parte of yow to haif intendit by our succour the lyik ; and ather to prefer some other to the croune, or ellis to mak of that monarchie a commonweill: materis verray sclanderouse and false.

Bot the end and determinatioun, yea, the haill course and process of the 1 The remark on Queen Elizabeth, in edition; and the words that follow, read, the preceding paragraph, " And yetis " Let the world judge whether Queen scho," &c., is omitted in Vautrollier's Elizabeth, we say,"' &c., as above.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. actioun on boith oure partis have manifested, boith to the sclanderaris, and to all utheris, that no thing wes more meant and prosecuted, then to establish youre Soverane the Quene, our cousigne and sister, in hir estait and crowne, the possessioun quhairof wes in the handis of strangearis.

And althocht no wordis culd then weill satisfie the malitious, yit our

THE PEACE

CONTRACTIT

AT LEYTH.

deids do declair, that no uther thing wes soucht, but the restitutioun of that Realme to the auncient libertie, and, as it wer, to redeme it frome captivitie.

Off these oure purposes and deidis, thair remanis, amongis uther argumentis, gude testimonye by a solempne treatie and accord, maid the last yeir at Edinburgh, by Commissionaris sent boith from us and from your Quene, with full auctoritie in wryting, under boith our handis, and the Greit Seills of boith oure Realmes, in suche maner as uther Princes, oure progenitouris, have alwayes used,

By quhilk treatie and accord, eather of us have fullie accordit with uther, to keip gude peace and amitie betwix oure selfis, oure countreis, and subjectis.

And inthe same also ane gude accord is maid, nott onlie of certane quarrellis happened betwix us, bot also of some differences betwix the Ministeris of the lait Frenche King, your Soveranis husband, and yow the Estaittis of that Realme, for the alteratioun of lawis and customes of that countrey attemptit by thame.

Upone quhilk accord thair maid and concludit, hes hitherto followit, as yow knaw, suyrtie to your Soveranis estait, quyetnes to your selfis, and a better peace betwix boyth Realmes, then ever wes herd of in any tyme past.

Nevertheless, how it happeneth we knaw not, [—We can: for scho in hir consait thinkis hir self

Quene of boyth,]} that your Soverane eather not knawing in this parte hir awin felicitie, or ellis dangerouslie seduced by perverse counsall, quhairof we wald be most sorye; being of lait at sundry tymes requyred by us, according to hir Band remanying with us, signed with hir awin hand, and sealled

1 Evidently a remark by Knox.

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

Weft with the Greit Seall of that Realme, and allowed by yow being vrixcrs the Estaittis of the same, to ratifie hir said Treatie, in like GARD THAT. maner as we by wryting have done, and ar reddy to deliver! it to hir, [yet she] makketh suche delatorie answeris thairI THINK into, as quhat we sall juge thairof, we perseave by hir answer, ws sty.

TENCE that it is meit to requyre of yow.

For althocht scho hes MANCK? alwayis answerit, since the deith of hir Husband, that in Aa ae this mater scho wald first understand the myndis of certane of yow, befoir scho wald mak answer; and so having now of long tyme suspendit oure expectatioun, in the end, nochtwithstanding that scho hes haid conference boyth by messingeris, and by some of your selfis being with hir, yit scho still delayis it, alledgeing to oure Ambassadour in France (quho said that this Treatie wes maid by your consentis) it was not by consent of yow all; and so wald have us forbeir, unto scho sall returne in that hir countrey.

And now seing that hir ansuer dependis, as it suld seme, by hir wordis, upone your opinionis, we can nott bot planelie latt yow all understand, that this maner of ansuer, without some moir frute, can nott long content us.

We have meant weill to our sister your Quene in tyme of offence gevin to us by hir.

We did planelic, without dissimulatioun, charge hir in hir awin dowbtfull estait: quhylest strangearis possessit hir Realme, we stayed it from danger.

And now, having promissed to keip gude peace with hir, and you hir subjectis, we have hitherto observed it; and salbe sorye gif eather scho or yow sall geve us contrary cause.

In a mater so profitable to boyth the Realmes, we think it strange that your Quene hes no better advise: and thairfoir we do requyre yow all, being the Estaittis of that Realme, upone quhom the burthen resteth, to considder this mater deiplie, and to mak us ansuer

1 In MS. G, "to declair." deficient or wanting in this sentence, 2 "Manck," or deficient; that is, "I but I will not alter one word." think (says Knox) there is something VOL. II.

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. quhairunto we may trust.

And gif yow sall think meit scho sall thus leif the peace imperfite, by breking of hir solempned promeis, contrary'to the ordour of all princes, we salbe weill content to accept your ansuer, and salbe als cairless to see the peace kepit, as ye sall gif us cause; and doubt nott, by the grace of God, bot quhosoever of yow sall first inclyne thairto sall soonest repent.

Yow must be content with oure plane writing.

And, on the uther syid, gif yow continew all of one mynd to have the peace inviolablie keipit, and sall so by your advise procure the Quene to ratifie it, we also planelie promisse yow, that we will also continew oure gude dispositioun to keip the same in such gude termes as now it is: and in so doing, the honour of Almychty God sall be dewly soucht and promoted in boyth Realmes; the Quene your Soverane sall enjoy hir stait with suyrtie; and your selfis possesse that quhilk yow have with tranquillitie, to the encreas of your families and posterities quhilk by the frequent warris heirtofoir your ancestouris never haid Jong in one estaite.

To conclude, We requyre yow to advertise us of quhat mynd yow be, speciallie gif yow all continew in that mynd, that yow meane to have the. peace betwix boith the: Realmes perpetuallie keipit.

And gif yow sall forbeir ony long tyme to advertise us, ye sall geve to us some occasioun of doubt, quhairof moir hurt may grow than gude.

From, &e.

These letteris receaved and perused, albeit the Estatis culd nott be convened, yit did the Counsall, and some utheris also in particulare, returne ansures with resonable diligence.

The tennour of oure Letteris was this :-— Preis your Magrstiz, That' with jugement, we have advysed your Maiesteis

Jetteris ; and albeit the haill Estaittis culd not suddandlie be

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

assemblit, yit we thocht expedient to signifie somquhat of oure myndis unto your Majestie.

Far be it frome us, that eather we tak upone us, that infamye befoir the warld, or grudge of conscience befoir oure God, that we suld lychtlie esteme the observatioun of that peace laitlie contractit betwix these two

Realmes.

By quhat motives oure Soverane delayeth the rati ficatioun thairof, we can nott tell: but of us, (of us, we say,

Madame, that have in Goddis presence protested fidelitie in oure promeisses,) hir Grace hes none.

Your Majestie can not be ignorant, that in this Realme thair ar mony ennemeis ; and, farther, that oure Soverane hes Counsalouris, quhois jugementis scho in all suche cases preferreth to ouris.

Oure allegeance bindeth us, nott onlie reverentlie to speik and write of oure Soverane, but also so to juge and think: and yit your Majestie may be weill assured, that in us salbe noted no blame, gif that peace be nott ratifiet to your Majesteis contentment: for God is witness, that oure cheiff cair in this earth, nyxt the glorie of oure God, is, that constant peace may remane betwix these two Realmes; quhairof your Majestie and realme sall have suyre experience sa lang as oure counsall or votes may stay the contrarie.

The benefite that we haif receaved is so recent, that we. can nott suddandlie bury it in forgetfulnes.

We wald desyre your Majestie rather to be perswaded of us, that we to oure powaris will studye to leave it in remembrance to oure posteritie,

And thus, with lauchfull and humble commendatioun of oure service, we committ youre Majestie to the protectioun of the Omnipotent.

Of Edinburgh, the 16 of Julij 1561.

Thair war some utheris that answered some of the ministeris of Ingland somequhat more scharplie, and willed thame nott to accuse nor threatten sa scharplie, till that thai war able to convict suche as haid promised fidelitie of some cvi-

THE HISTORY OF

Boox III. dent cryme; quhilk, althocht thai war able to lay to the charge of some, yit respect wald be haid to suche as long haid declared thame selfis constant procureris of quyetnes and peace.

The suddane arryvall of the Quene maid grite alteratioun evin in the Counsall, as efter we will heir: . In this meantyme, the Papistis by surmising, trublit quhat thai mycht: thair postis, letteris, and complaintis wer from day to day direct, some to the Paipe, some to the Cardinall of Lorane, and some to oure Quene.

The principall of these curriouris war, Maister Stevin Wilsoun,! Maister Johnne Leslie, called Nolumus and Volumus,2 Maister James Thorntoun,? and correspondence is also mentioned in Killegrew's letter, on the 9th March, quoted by Mr. Tytler, vol. vii. p. 340.

1 Mr. Stephen Wilson, who probably held some preferment in the Romish Church, was an active partisan of Queen Mary.

He had also been in the service of her mother, the Queen Regent.

On the 11th February 1559-60, the Treasurer paid, " be the Quenis Grace speciale command to Maister Stevin Wilsone, passand of Edinburgh throuch Ingland, in the Quenis Grace effairis, in France," the sum of £80. Randolph, in a letter to Cecil, 7th February 1565-6, referring to a Band or Confederacy 2 See page 141, and foot-note to page 139.

8 Mr. James Thornton became one of the dignified clergy, and enjoyed the parsonage of Alves, and the vicarage of Lanbryde, as Chantor of Murray. In 1559, he was at Rome employed with John Row, (who afterwards became the Protestant minister of Perth,) in transacting some ecclesiastical matters.

In 1562, when the Rentals of the Benefices were given in to the Commissioners, he made several of the returns in the diocese of Murray.

One of these was the Chantorie of Murray, rendered by "to maintayne Papistrye throughout Christendome," but more especially directed against Queen Elizabeth and the Protestants in Scotlaud, which had been sent from France to be signed by the Queen of Scots; he says, it was "to be returned very shortlie, as I heare, by Mr. Steven Wilson, a fit minister for such devilish devices."

Killegrew, in a letter to Lord Burghley, written from Edinburgh, 4th March 1573, says, "Stephen Wilson, that carricd letters from the Erle of Argile into France, is returned, and taken by the Regentis commandment.

'l'o-morrow he shall be examined." (Wright's Queen Elizabeth, vol. i. pp. 220, 470.) His intercepted " Maister James Thorntoun in name and behalf, and as procurar of his Eme (uncle) Maister John Thornetoun eldar, quha is in titcell of the said Chantorie."

Another was the parsonage of Adwy, given in by him, "in name and as procurar for his brother, Maister Johnne Thornetoun younger, possessor and titular of the samyn."

He appears to have been an active and confidential agent of James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, (who had retired to France,

1561.

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND.

utheris, suche as leved, and still leve, by the trafique of that Romane harlott.

The Preachearis vehementlie exhorted us to establische Tux Buxe or DiscrpLine, by ane Act and publict Law ; affirmyng, that and gif thay suffered thingis to hing in suspence, quhen

God haid gevin unto thame sufficient power in thair handis, thai suld efter sobb for it, bot suld nott get it.

And now,* because that diverse tymes heirtofoir we haif maid mentioun of the said Buke, we have thocht expedient to insert the haill in this parte of oure Hisrorin,° to the end that the Posteriteis to come may juge alsweill quhat the after the establishment of the Reformation,) in carrying on his negotiations with this country.

Queen Mary addressed a letter to Queen Elizabeth, 27th May 1565, requesting a safe conduct " for Maister James Thorntoun,

Secretair to the Archbishop of Glasgo, as Ambassatour in France."

In 1566 he brought from France the Bond mentioned in the preceding note.

It was about this time that he obtained, probably as his uncle's successor, the titular appointment of Chantor of Murray. tions which were afterward agitated in the Church; I thought meet word by word here to insert the same, that the Reader may see what were the grounds laid down at first for the Government of the Church, so we shall the better decerne of the changes that followed."

(Hist. p. 152.) Spotiswood does not state from what authority he has given it; but it is undeniable that he has curtailed various passages which will be pointed out in the Appendix, in the note on the Book of Discipline.

At the conclusion he adds,—" This was the Policy desired to be ratified: It had been formed by Joun Knox, partly in imitation of the reformed Churches of Germany, partly of that he had seen in Geneva; whence he took that device of annuall Deacons for collecting and dispensing the Church

*The whole of this concluding sentence, and the Book of Discipline itself, are omitted in the Glasgow MS.

In such of the later MSS. of Knox as contain the Book of Discipline, itis literally copied from Calderwood's printed edition in 1621; in small 4to, pp. [xvi.] and 92.

5 Archbishop Spotiswood, in his History of the Church of Scotland, (edit.

1655, pp. 152-174,) has also introduced a copy of the Book of Discipline, and assigns the following reason for doing so: "In the Convention kept at Edinburgh in January preceding [1560-1], a form of Church-policy was presented, and desired to be ratified.

Because this will fall to be often mentioned, and serveth to the clearing of many quesrents, whereof in the sixth head he speaketh; I cannot say."

(Ib. p. 174.) It is scarcely necessary to remark, that the Second Book of Discipline, forming part of Calderwood's edition, was of a subsequent date, having been agreed upon in the General Assembly 1578, inserted in the Registers of the Assembly 1581, and recognised by Parliament in 1592.

HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION.

Boox III. warldlingis refused, as quhat Policie the godlie Ministeris requyred; that thai (gif God grant unto thame occasioun and libertie) may eather establishe a more perfite, or ellis imitat that quhilk avaritiousnes wald nott suffer this corrupt generatioun to approve.

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