The One Christ: St. Augustine's Theology of Deification (continued)
242 Conclusion contours of emphasis and stress otherwise undetected throughout the whole range of his theological concerns. For example, Gerald Bonner has argued in his latest work that it was the Pelagian controversy that led Augustine to emphasize the human person's need for grace and for a source of salvation outside of himself, instead of emphasizing participation in the divine nature and the consequent transformation of the human person in Christ.11 Thus reading Augustine as a theologian of deification would help his students better situate the various debates in which he wrote, enabling his readers to understand better the tones and nuances brought about by the situation and the polemic in question.
These and certainly other questions remain. In these pages, I have however sought to display how deification can and should be read as part of the Augustinian project. Louth is correct: it is a "significant" theme in his writings, and in surprising and pluriform ways. For this the Son has entered the creation that has always imitated his turn to the Father: to make possible the "great exchange" of humanity's graced share in divinity through his humble union with humanity. For Augustine, the work of the incarnate Son is thus one of divine adoption and renewal and transformation. He who is Son by nature has come into humanity so as to make humans sons and daughters of God by grace, and the divinely adopted are not only freed from their sinfulness, they are made living temples of the Holy Spirit, enabled to live a new humanity of sanctity and charity in Jesus Christ.
11. Bonner, Freedom and Necessity, 97–117.
Appendix
Augustine's Works
These items are taken from the standardizing list in Augustine Through the Ages, edited by Fr. Allan Fitzgerald (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), xxxv–xliii. Reprinted by permission. When an English translation has been used, its citation appears.
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date c. Acad. Contra Academicos
Against the Skeptics CCL 29 Nov. 386– Mar. 387
Against Adimantus, a Disciple of Mani c. Adim. Contra Adimantum Manichei discipulum
CSEL 25.1 394
Against Adversaries of the Law and the Prophets c. adu. leg. Contra aduersarium legis et prophetarum
CCL 49 419/20
an. et or. De anima et eius origine
On the Soul and its Origin
CSEL 60 419–20
quant. De anima quantitate
On the Greatness of the Soul
CSEL 89 387/88
Bapt. De baptismo On Baptism CSEL 51 400/01 b. uita De beata uita On the Happy Life CCL 29 Nov. 386– Mar. 387 cath. Ad catholicos fratres
To the Catholic Members of the Church
CSEL 52 402/05
ciu. Dei De ciuitate Dei
City of God Henry Bettenson (London: Penguin, 1984) conf. Confessiones Confessions Maria Boulding (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1997)
CCL 27 397–401
(Appendix continues)
244 Appendix
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date cons. Eu. De consensu Euangelistarum
On Agreement among the Evangelists
corrept. De correptione et gratia
On Admonition and Grace
To Cresconius, a Donatist Grammarian
Cresc. Ad Cresconium grammaticum partis Donati
CSEL 52 405/06
On Eighty-Three Different Questions diu. qu. De diuersis quaestionibus octoginta tribus
Ronald Teske, Responses to Miscellaneous Questions (I/12) (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 2008)
CCL 44A 388/96
doc. Chr. De doctrina Christiana
Teaching Christianity
CCL 32 396; 426/27
Edmund Hill (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1996) en. Ps. Enarrationes in Psalmos
Expositions of the Psalms
CCL 38–40 392 (1–32 through 406/07 (119–33), sporadically up through 422
Maria Boulding (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press), 6 vols: Ps 1–32 (III/15), 2000; Ps 33–50 (III/16), 2000; Ps 51–72 (III/17), 2001; Ps 73–98 (III/18), 2002; Ps 99–120 (III/19), 2003; Ps 121–50 (III/20), 2004
The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Charity ench. Enchiridion ad Laurentium de fide spe et caritate
Bruce Harbert, Enchiridion as in Christian Belief (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 2005), 264–343.
CCL 46 421/22 ep. Epistulae Letters Roland Teske, Letters (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press) 4 vols: 1–99 (II/1), 2001; 100–55 (II/2), 2003; 156–210 (II/3), 2004; 211–70 and Divjak 1–29 (II/4), 2005
CSEL 34, 44, 57,58,88 cf. Fitzgerald, s.v., Epistulae, Augustine Through the Ages, 299–305
Appendix
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date ep. Jo. In epistulam Joannis ad Parthos tractatus
Tractates on the First Letter of John
John Rettig, Tractates on the First Epistle of John (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1995); second half of vol. 5
Against the "Foundation Letters" of the Manichees c. ep. Man. Contra epistulam Manichaei quam uocant fundamenti
CSEL
c. ep. Parm. Contra epistulam Parmeniani
Against the Letter of Parmenian c. ep. Pel. Contra duas epistulas Pelagianorum
Against the Two Letters of Pelagius
Unfinished Commentary on the Letter to the Romans ep. Rm. inch. Epistulae ad Romanos inchoata expositio
Paula Fredriksen Landes, Augustine on Romans: Propositions from the Epistles to the Romans and Unfinished Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1982)
CSEL 84 394/95
ex. Gal. Expositio Epistulae ad Galatas
Commentary on the Letter to the Galatians
Eric Plumer, Augustine's Commentary on Galatians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
CSEL 84 394/95 ex. prop. Rm. Expositio quarundam propositionum ex epistula Apostoli ad Romanos
Commentary on Statements in the Letter to the Romans
CSEL 84 394/95
Fredriksen Landes, Augustine on Romans, see ep. Rm inch. above c. Faust. Contra Faustum Manicheum
Against Faustus, a Manichee
CSEL 25.1 397/99
c. Fel. Contra Felicem Manicheum
Against Felix, a Manichee
CSEL 25.2 Dec. 7/12, 404 f. et op. De fide et operibus
On Faith and Works
(Appendix continues)
246 Appendix
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date f. et symb. De fide et symbolo
On Faith and the Creed
CSEL 41 Oct. 8, 393
gest. Pel. De gestis Pelagii
On the Deeds of Pelagius
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 1(I/23), (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1997)
CSEL 42 416/17
Gn. litt. De Genesi ad litteram
On the Literal Interpretation of Genesis
Edmund Hill, On Genesis (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 2002)
CSEL 28.1 401/15
On the Literal Interpretation of Genesis, an Unfinished Book
Gn. litt. imp. De Genesi ad litteram imperfectus liber
Hill, On Genesis
CSEL 28.1 393/94; 426/27
On Genesis, Against the Manichees
Gn. adu. Man.
De Genesi aduersus Manicheos
Hill, On Genesis
CSEL 91 388/89 gr. et lib. arb. De gratia et libero arbitrio
On Grace and Free Will
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 4 (I/26) (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1999)
On the grace of Christ and Original Sin
gr. et. pecc. or.
De gratia Christi et de peccato originale
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 1(I/23) haer. De haeresibus On Heresies Roland Teske, Arianism and Other Heresies (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1995)
CCL 46 428
imm. an. De immortalitate animae
On the Immortality of the Soul
Responses to Januarius (=Letters 54–55) inq. Jan. Ad inquisitiones Januarii (=ep. 54–55)
Roland Teske, Letters; see ep. above
CSEL 34.2 400
Jo. eu. tr. In Johannis euangelium tractatus
Tractates on the Gospel of John
John Rettig, Tractates on the Gospel of John (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press), 5 vols: 1 (1–10), 1988; 2 (11–27), 1988; 3 (28–54), 1993; 4 (55–111), 1994; 5 (112–24), 1995
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date c. Jul. Contra Julianum
Against Julian Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 2 (I/24) (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1998)
Against Julian, an Unfinished Book c. Jul. imp. Contra Julianum opus imperfectum
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 3 (I/25) (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1999)
CSEL 85.1 (bks. I–III)
429/30
lib. arb. De libero arbitrio
On Free Will CCL 29 387/88–395
c. litt. Pet. Contra litteras Petiliani
Against the Letters of Petilianus
CSEL 52 400/03
loc. in Hept. Locutionum in Heptateuchum
Sayings in the Heptateuch
CCL 33 419/20 mag. De magistro On the Teacher CCL 29 389 c. Max. Contra Maximinum Arianum
Against Maximinus, an Arian
On the Catholic and Manichean Ways of Life mor. De moribus ecclesiae catholicae et de moribus Manichaeorum
CSEL 90 387/88 mus. De musica On Music PL 32 387/91 nat. b. De natura boni On the Nature of the Good
CSEL 25.2 399
nat. et gr. De natura et gratia
On Nature and Grace
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 1(I/23)
CSEL 60 415 spring
nupt. et conc.
De nuptiis et concupiscentia
On Marriage and Concupiscence
CSEL 42 419/21 ord. De ordine On Order CCL 29 Nov. 386– Mar. 387 orig. an. De origine animae (= ep. 166)
On the Origin of the Soul (= Letter 166) pat. De patientia On Patience CSEL 41 417/18 pecc. mer. De peccatorum meritis et remissione et de baptismo paruulorum
On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins and on Infant Baptism perf. just. De perfectione justitiae hominis
On the Perfection of Human Righteousness
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 1(I/23) perseu. De dono perseuerantiae
On the Gift of Perseverance
(Appendix continues)
248 Appendix
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date praed. sanct. De praedestinatione sanctorum
On the Predestination of Saints
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 4 (I/26)
praes. Dei De praesentia Dei (= ep. 187)
On the Presence of God (Letter 187)
Roland Teske, Letters; see ep. above
qu. Quaestiones in Heptateuchum
Questions on the Heptateuch
CCL 33 419/20 retr. Retractationes Reconsiderations M. Inez Bogan (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1968)
CCL 57 426/27 rhet. De rhetorica On Rhetoric PL 32 387 s. Sermones Sermons Edmund Hill, Sermons (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press) 11 vols: 1 (1–19); 2 (20–50), 1990; 3 (51–94), 1991; 4 (94A–147A); 5 (148–83), 1992; 6 (184–229Z); 7 (230–72B), 1993; 8 (273–3 05A); 9 (306– 40A), 1994; 10 (341–400); 11 (Dolbeau's newly discovered), 1997
CCL 41 cf. Aug. Through the Ages, 774–89
c. s. Ar. Contra sermonem Arianorum
Against an Arian Sermon
s. Dom. mon. De sermone Domini in monte
On the Lord's Sermon on the Mount
CCL 35 393/95
Simpl. Ad Simplicianum
To Simplicianus CCL 44 396 sol. Soliloquia The Soliloquies Kim Paffenroth, Soliloquies (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 2000)
CSEL 89 Nov. 386– Mar. 387
spir. et litt. De spiritu et littera
On the Spirit and the Letter
Roland Teske, Answer to the Pelagians 1(I/23)
Trin. De Trinitate The Trinity Edmund Hill, The Trinity (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1991)
CCL 50/50A 399–422/26
Abbreviation Latin title English title Translation Latin edition Date
On the One Baptism against Petilian un. bapt. De unico baptismo contra Petilianum
CSEL 53 410/11 winter
util. cred. De utilitate credendi
On the Advantage of Believing
CSEL 25.1 391/92
uera rel. De uera religione
On True Religion Edmund Hill, True Religion as in Christian Belief (Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 2005), 15–104
CCL 32 390/91
uid. Deo De uidendo Deo (= ep. 147)
On Seeing God (Letter 147)
Roland Teske, Letters; see ep. above
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Index of Augustine's Works
Ad catholicos fratres
Contra Felicem
12.12.15: 18n59, 29n85 12.12.40: 18n58 12.15.19: 30n89 12.29.40: 18n58 13.2.2: 28n80 13.4.5: 28n79 13.9.10: 13n43 13.13.14: 161n60 13.24.35–37: 10n32 13.31.46: 160–61 13.34.49: 30n87, 184n11 13.35.50: 30n88
Manicheum, 86n20
1.13: 86
Ad inquisitiones
Januarii
Contra Julianum
1: 217n76 1.19.35: 217n76 2.1.2: 218n77
Contra Julianum opus
Ad Simplicianum
imperfectum
Confessiones, 3, 7, 30, 85,
Contra litteras Petiliani
86n19, 115, 183 2.4.9: 75n108 4.3.6: 83n6 4.6.11: 151n36 4.16.31: 48n35 5.4.7: 9n24 5.10.20: 162n63 7.2.3: 64n83, 83n6 7.10.16: 72n99 7.12.18: 16 7.18.24: 115n80 10.6.9: 7n16 11.4.6: 19n62 11.8.10: 11n35 11.29.39: 30n90 12: 17, 18, 182 12.3.3: 17n54 12.6.6: 17n53, 17n55 12.7.7: 181 12.9.9: 181, 182 12.11.12: 182n9 12.12.12: 182
Contra Academicos
Contra sermonem
Arianorum
Contra aduersarium
legis et prophetarum
De anima et eius origine
Contra Cresconium
De Baptismo, 87, 87n22,
3.70.80: 86
221–22 6.15.24: 86
Contra epistulam
Parmeniani
De Ciuitate Dei
5.11: 6n11 10: 124 10.6: 219n79 11.4: 19n61 11.9: 180n4 11.15: 9n26 11.21: 3, 28n82, 31 11.24: 6n10, 28n81
Contra Faustum
Manicheum, 86
12.14: 146n25 19.11: 218n78 21.6: 9n26 32.19: 86
262 Index of Augustine's Works
De Ciuitate Dei (cont.)
De Genesi aduersus
Manicheos
11.32: 6n10 12.2: 16n50 12.4: 13n44 12.5: 33n93 12.6: 75n107 12.16: 32n91 12.22: 62n78, 68n89 12.27: 58n60 13.7: 222n89 14.13: 67n87, 71n96 14.16: 68n62 14.26: 55n53, 57–58 15.1: 188n19, 221n86 15.6: 187n18, 188 15.27: 146n25 16.27: 223n92 18.47: 190n25 18.51: 188n2 19.8: 151n37 19.13: 13n44 19.23: 124, 125n101 20.10: 219n81 21.24: 193n28 22.24: 73n104
1.2.3: 11n34 1.16.26: 8n20, 13n44 1.22.33: 10n32 1.23.40: 162n65 1.25.40: 61n72 1.25.43: 61n72, 63n81 2.7.8: 58n61 2.8.10: 58n63 2.21.32: 76n110 2.28.42: 57n56
De fide et symbolo
De Genesi ad litteram,
xix, 3, 4, 18
1.3: 22n68 1.4: 20, 21n66, 25, 26n77, 32 1.5: 12n41 1.6: 6n11 1.8: 13n42 1.15: 18n57 1.17: 20n65 2.8.16: 180n4 3.19: 43n21 3.20.30: 41n14 3.24: 61n75, 62n76 4.3: 9n25 4.12: 11n34 4.16: 4n4, 29n84 5.4: 16n51 5.5: 16n51, 18n60 6.12: 36n3 6.20: 99n44 6.25: 56n54 7.4: 60n70 7.27: 18n56 7.28: 60n71 8.1: 61n73 8.12: 48n33 8.20: 18n56 9.15: 6n11 11.30: 71n95 16.59: 151n35 61: 43n20
De gestis Pelagii
13.28: 193n29 18.42: 130n106 35.65. 131n107
De gratia Christi et de
peccato originali
De libero arbitrio
109–10 2: 24 2.15.39–17.46: 109n67 2.16.4: 65n85 2.16.44–17.46: 24n73 24.72: 71n96
De correptione et gratia
De Diuersis Quaes-
De moribus ecclesiae
tionibus
catholicae et de moribus Manichaeorum
1: 51n41 50nn1–5: 4n5 51: 37n6 51.2: 60n67 58.2: 217n73 67: 73n103 74: 36: 36n5, 39 74.1–16: 37n6 74.38–42: 39n10
De natura et gratia
De Genesi ad litteram
imperfectus liber
De ordine
16: 51n42, 62n77 16.57: 37n6, 38n57 16.60: 33n93 61: 19.42
De Doctrina Christiana,
De patientia, 120–21
149 1.34.38: 149n32, 150n33 3.9.13: 216n71
Index of Augustine's Works
De peccatorum meritis
6.10.12: 9n27, 10n29 7: 46, 49, 142 7.1.2: 142n19 7.3.4: 46n31 7.3.5: xix, 34, 47n32, 52, 158n53 7.6.12: 49n37 7.12: 142n20 8.8.12: 168 8.10.14: 166n73 9: 43 9.4.4: 44n22 9.4.6: 44n23 9.12.18: 44n24 10.5.7: 70 11.5.8: 60n69, 70n93 12.6.7: 50n39 12.11.16: 45n28 14.8.11: 35n1, 44n25 14.12.15: 44n26, 45 14.14.23: 224n96 14.16.22: 73 15.1.1: 59n65 15.17.27: 165n72, 168n79 15.17.31: 152n40 15.18.32: 169n81 15.21.41: 147n26 15.42: 45n27
26.17: 236n1 30: 117n85, 158n54 32: xiin4, 72n101, 231n112 33: 114n77 37.6: 210n61 37.27: 99n43 45.14: 100n46 48: 188n19 49: 111 49.2: 108, 109n66, 110n68 52.6: 130n105 58: 102n51 61.4: 187n16 61.6: 190n22, 193n28 62.17: 145n24 64.2: 190n22 68: 67n88 70: 69n90 75.3: 74n106 81.1: 103n52 85.1: 207n54 85.4: 207n53 90: 185n12, 190n24, 233n115 94.6: 103n53 95.15: 63n82 101: 205n50 102.22: 114n77 103: 65n85, 68n89, 71n98, 114n77 113: 4n3 115.3: 106n60 117.11: 119n93 118.9.2: 115n80 125.15: 116n81 128.2: 187n17 130.10: 118n90 134.10: 29n83 142.2: 221n86 142.3: 211n62 145.1: 116n82 146.11: 119n91 147.7: 208n55 147.16: 117n87 147.28: 190n23 et remissione et de baptismo paruulorum
3.4.7: 223n95 3.7.9: 78n113 3.13.23: 132n110
De praedestinatione
sanctorum
De Praesentia Dei liber,
De spiritu et littera
De Trinitate
1.2.11: 124n100 1.4.7: 5n8 1.9.18: 136n4 1.9.19: 136n5 2.5.10: 138n10 2.6.11: 138n9 2.10.17: 5n9 3.4.10: 228n106 3.9.18: 9n24 4.19.25: 139n15 4.20.29: 138n8, 139n14 4.20.39: 136n3 5: 5n7: 141 5.3.16: 171n87 5.5.6: 141n18 5.11.12: 159n56, 160n57 5.14.15: 170n85 5–7: 141, 142 6: 137, 142 6.1.2: 143n21 6.4.6: 4n6 6.5.7: 12n39, 141–47, 150, 173
De utilitate credendi
De Vera Religione, 9,
84–85 7.13: 8n12 12.25: 160n58 31.58: 10n30 35.65: 85 36.66: 12n37 36.67: 65n85 43: 10n32 45.84: 68n89
Enarrationes in Psalmos
264 Index of Augustine's Works
Enchiridion ad
Expositio Epistulae ad
Quaestiones
Laurentium
Galatas
Euangeliorum
9.32. 164n67 11.36: 200n39 13.45–46: 223n92 14.52: 223n93 15.56: 157n52, 158, 179, 180, 181–82
In epistulam Joannis ad
Quaestiones in
Parthos tractatus
Heptateuchum
5.8: 188n19 6.8: 171n88 6.12: 166n74 7.6: 167n77 7.11: 139n13 8.12. 172n92 9.1: 153n43 10.3: xin2
Deut. 3.4.49–50:
38n9
Epistulae
Retractationes
3: 82n5 4: 82n5 5–6: 82n5 7: 82n5 8: 82n5 9–14: 82n5 10: 84 10.2: 127 10.3: xin2, 83n8 11.1: 87n23 11.3: 8n22 43: 221n86 54: 217–18, 217n76 55: 217n76 58: 221n86 98.5: 147n27 98.9: 216n70 102.17: 219n79 108: 221n86 176.2: 132n110 177.18: 132n110 179.9: 189n21 185.39: 233n94 185.50: 167n76 187: 155, 200, 201, 210 187.5.16: 156n49 187.5.17: 72n100 187.9.30: 203n43 187.12.35: 153n44 187.13.40: 200n40 190.16: 223n92 231.7: 121n95 243.3: 209n56 243.4: 209nn57–58 249: 195n32 258.1–2: 151n38
1.25: 73n103 2.33: 86n19 2.34: 86n20 2.44: 195n32 2.46: 217n76 2.49: 155n48
In Johannis euangelium
tractatus
Sermones
1.14: 13n44 2.13: 112n72 6.3: 138n10 10.12: 61n74, 63n82 11.6: 203n42 12.8: 116n81 15.4: 217n75 21.3: 210n60 21.8: xin1 22.1: 114n78 23.5: 154nn46–47 23.6: 113n75 26: 116n81 26.1: 227n103 26.13: 173nn94–95 26.17: 236n1 26.19: 226n100 27.6: 174n96 27.11: 230n110 32.9: 164n68 38.8: 100n45 65.1: 206n52 80.3: 217n74 92.2: 136n2 94.4: 137n7 99.2: 138n11 108.5: 113n75, 204n47, 205n48 111.6: 206n52 121.3: 110n69
4.11: 186n14 9.14: 229n109 13: 226n102 20b.2: 36n2 23b: 89–90, 93, 94, 97, 102, 106, 107, 120 23b.1: 90n27, 91n30, 94n35 23b.2: 95n36, 96 23b.3: 96n38 23b.5: 93n33 23b.11: 97n39 23b.15: 97n40 26.2: 57n57 32.7: 86 34.3: 169n83 68.5: 36n4 71.33: 152n36 80.5: 117n84 89.1: 173n93 91.8: 211n63 117.17: 101n50 121.4: 203n42 121.5: 113n74 126: 6n11 126.3: 123n97 126.6: 129n27, 226n102
272b.7: 168n80 292.6: 237n2 293.10: 222n91 301a: 100n47 316.16: 71n97 329.1: 117n86 334.3: 154n45 336.2: 172n91 336.4: 117n88 341.1: 196n33 341.11: 204n45 341.18: 180n4 341.20: 195n31 341a: 101n38, 226n101 349.2: 146n25 361.16: 71n97 368.4. 74n105 380.2: 116n83 463: 211
198.43: 214n67 198.49: 215n68 214.2: 17n55 216.8. 172n90 217: 157n50, 159 217.2: 148n30 217.4: 157n50 218: 215 218c1: 118n89 225.3: 226n102 227: 229n108 229w: 77n112 229.1: 225n99 250.3: 216n69 264.3: 67n88 264.4: 137n6, 164n69 264.5: 193n28 265d: 119n92 266–72b: 220 266.2: 221n86 271: 221n87 272: 216n72, 217n75, 224n97, 231n111 272b: 218n77
126.10: 6n11 126.14: 123n98 129.4: 192n26 130.2.5: 226n102 131.1: 225n98 133.8: 194n30 137.1: 159n55 143.4: 136n4 144.4: 212n64 153.14: 67n86 156.2: 91n29 156.5: 152n41 162a: 220n85 166: 106, 107, 111 166.1: 104n55 166.2: 105n56 166.4: 105n57, 106n61, 107n62 170.11: 22 182.3: 6n11 192.1: xiin3, 92nn31–32 198: 213 198.42: 214n66
Soliloquia, 40
Index of Scripture
Genesis, 11, 23, 29, 62,
180, 184, 235 1: 5–6 1.1: 20, 25 1.1–2: 183 1.2: 6 1.26: 43, 52, 54 1.26–27: 41, 43, 53 2: 20 2.3: 20 2.5: 17 2.24, 195 3: 20 3.5: 34, 66, 67, 71, 235 3.21: 66, 76 4.10: 188 38.28: 186
Wisdom
Acts
11.21: 8
2.1–4: 139 4.32: 209 9: 194, 233 9.4: xii, 194
Sirach
Isaiah
Romans
61.10: 211
1.20: 9 4.17: 15 5.5: xi, 158, 169 5.14: 61 6.11: 241n10 11.36: 7, 8
Matthew
6.21: 193 10.20: 161 25: 194, 233 25.35: xii 25.40: 194
1 Corinthians 1.24: 46, 141, 142, 143 3.1: 161 3.8: 143 3.16: 153, 156 3.17: 103 6: 158 6.17: 143–44 6.19: 153, 157 11.27: 166 12.12–27: 204 15.53: 99n44
Exodus
Luke
14: 209 14.26: 208
2 Maccabees 7.28: 15
John
Psalms
1.12: 108 1.14: 200 1.32–33: 138–39 5.17: 10 5.31–40: 154 6: 230 6.57: 225 8.24: 100 13.34: 206 14.6: 52 14.8–9: 123 17.14–19: 204
37.22: 99 49: 107–9 58.10: 69 62: 145 62.9: 145 63.8: 144 70: 69n90 73.27: 144 81: 89, 95, 102, 128n104 94.6: 102 116: 106
2 Corinthians 6.16: 153 12.2–4: 20
268 Index of Scripture
Philippians
Hebrews
Galatians
3.7: 186 3.26: 198
2.6–7: 67 2.7: 212
11.3: 15
2 Peter 1.4: 129, 130–32
Ephesians
Colossians
1.10: 98 1.22: 194n30 2.21: 153 4.15: 180 4.25: 104, 107 4.30: 143, 144 5.27: 193 5.31–32: 215
1 John 3.1–2: 110 4.7: 166 4.8: 43, 165 4.12–16: 172
1 Thessalonians 5.23: 241n10
General Index
Abel, 178, 184–85, 187–89. See also ark: symbolism of, 193 ascetism, xiv, 53 assimilation, 31, 49, 124, 160, 183, 233 assumption: of humanity by Christ,
Adam; Cain; Eve Abraham, 186, 211 Acatius, 228–29 Adam, 48, 162; creation of, 35, 49–50,
118, 178, 197–203, 238; language of, 214–15 Athanasius, 42, 105n58, 157; Contra
107; as image of the Son, 41–42, 53, 61, 62; as imago Dei, 56–63, 78; as microcosm of universe, 78, 234; prelapsarian, 55–63, 90, 98n41; symbolism of, 67, 104, 105, 234. See also Abel; Cain; Eve; Fall of Adam and Eve Adam, Karl, 175 adoption, divine, 93–96, 103–12, 201;
Arianos, 157n51; De Incarnatione, xiin3 atonement, 238–39. See also forgiveness Augustine: Cyril of Alexandria compared to, 140; life of, 162, 184; sermons of, 90n26. See also Index of Augustine's Works aversion, 22n69, 48, 70, 76, 235 Azkoul, Michael, 81 becoming gods through, xii–xiii, 89, 95–97, 133, 134, 236–37; Son of God, 128, 170, 242. See also children of God; filiation; gods Aesculapian imagery, 101–2 African fathers, 87, 90, 221–22, 239 Ambrose, 127, 129; Hexameron, 9n28, baptism, 87n22, 147, 176, 193, 215,
216–24; new life through, 93, 177, 203. See also sacraments Bardy, Gustave, 36n5 Barth, Karl, 241n10 beatitude, xiv, 48, 67, 80–81. See also
20, 53; homilies of, 7–8, 53, 54; use of deificare, 127, 129 angels: church of, 179–85, 190; fallen,
16n50; good, 178, 231. See also Satan Annunciation, 191–92 anthropology, 47, 66, 131, 235, 236 Apostle, the. See Paul Aquinas. See Thomas Aquinas Arbesmann, Rudolph, 101 archetypes, 35, 41, 50, 54, 61, 75, 158. See happiness; joy begetter/begotten, 141–42, 143, 200 Beginning: Son of God as, 6, 12 being(s), 40, 142, 180; contingent, 2,
22–23, 27, 32–33, 47, 51, 107; God as supreme, 16n50, 20n63; God's gift of, 26–27, 31; Son's bestowal of, 14, 212–13. See also existents Bible, images of Holy Spirit in, 137–39.
also imago Dei Arianism, 166; Augustine's arguments
See also scripture(s); and Index of Scripture body, 58, 62–63, 78, 239; sanctification against, 4–5, 87–88, 137, 141, 143; Ulfilan, 136n5 Aristotle, 9n28
270 General Index
115–16; sacramental nature, 175–76; sanctification of, 198, 213; triune life in, 152, 153–59, 184. See also Catholicism and Catholics; church; elect; life; totus Christus Christ Jesus: body of, xi–xiii, 128–29, body (cont.)
of, 117n85, 160; as temple of God, 153–59, 200. See also humanity; mind; soul Boethius, xvin13 Boniface of Catqua, 147 Bonner, Gerald, xvin13, 51–52, 86n20,
156, 173, 183, 185, 225, 229–30; Christian's new life in, xi, xii, xv, xviii, 103, 105–6, 210–11, 233; crucifixion, 117–18, 188; as divine physician, 101–2; divinity and humanity united in, xii, 112–20, 128, 134, 154, 176–78, 192, 196–203, 205–6, 210–16, 233; God's unity with, 193, 194; grace of, 89, 109, 161–64, 185, 198, 200; heirs, 109–10, 112; mortality assumed by, 114, 115, 118–19; as new Adam, 99, 104, 105; as perfect mediator, 213–15, 225, 232–33, 235; power, 46, 61, 113, 191; redemptive mission, 81, 128, 196, 222; resurrection, 107, 239; sacrifice by, 219, 226; salvation through, 97, 98; sanctification in, xvin13, 204–5; second coming, 189, 191; signs of, 227–28; unifying role, 150, 223. See also christology; church; earth, Christ's presence on; incarnation; Son of God; totus Christus; Word of God Christmas, 218 christology: of Augustine, 80–81, 123,
132, 176, 242 Borgomeo, Pasquale, 212–13 Bourke, Vernon J., 86n20 Brady, G., 84 Brown, Peter, 86n20 Burnaby, John, 12n41, 210 Burns, J. Patout, 238–39
Caelestius, 130–31 Cain, 188, 189, 190. See also Abel;
Adam; Eve Capánaga, Victorino, xvin13, 106 Cappadocians, 148 Cary, Philip, 161–62 Casiday, Augustine, 82 Catholicism and Catholics, 5, 232; church of, 113, 162, 167, 179, 220; faith of, 87, 88, 90n26; Lutherans and, 238. See also Christianity and Christians; church Chadwick, Henry, xvin13, 128, 219 charity: Christian, 167–68, 242; Father's, 109, 121; glue metaphor, 145– 46; Holy Spirit as, xi, 137, 143–44, 146, 150; unity as sign of, 220, 224. See also love chastity, 51, 125 children of God, 113, 221, 235; through
177, 201; patristic, 198 church, Christian, 175–233; as ab Abel,
178, 184, 188–89; of the angels, 179–85, 188, 190, 194, 236; bishops of, 87n23, 219; as body of Christ, 162–63, 177–78, 190–96, 203–11, 216, 220, 232–33; as bride of Christ, 11, 162, 202–3, 211–12, 215; canon of, 86n21, 87; Christ as head of, 158, 165, 187, 191–92, 194–97, 204–5, 207; ecumenical dialogue within, 238, 239, 241; elect, 178, 219–20, 231, 232; as fulfillment of creation, 29–31, 176, 178, 183–84, 191; genesis, 177–78, 185n13; Holy Spirit's role, 173–74; incarnation and, xii, 167,
Christ's incarnation, 85, 102–3, 198–99, 201; triune indwelling in, 153–54, 170. See also adoption; gods Christianity and Christians: Augustine's vision of, xiv, xix–xx, 6–7; charity in, 167–68, 242; Christ's union with, xi–xiii, xviii, 162–63; deification doctrine, 88–89, 126, 127–28, 129, 233, 240, 241; Eucharist's effects on, 228–29; on evil, 66; life of, 1, 88–89, 97, 107, 122, 129, 237; Platonism distinguished from,
General Index 271 ship to, xvi, 19–22, 24, 26, 51, 133–34, 156, 171; deification of, 3, 8, 14, 26–27, 33, 34–35, 94, 188, 234; divinization of, 1, 22, 91–92, 94, 118–19, 151–52; of humanity, 42–43, 61; as imitation of the Word, 15, 21, 25–26, 144; mechanics of, 15–27, 31–32, 35; order in, xiv, xviii–xix, 8, 13, 14, 29, 30; out of nothingness, 11, 15–27, 75, 181; perfection of, 26, 29, 40, 191; purpose of, 2–3, 12n41, 27–31, 184; Trinitarian act of, xix, 3–14, 31–32, 140, 180; turn toward God, xix, 21, 22–27, 46–48, 59, 65, 68, 75, 234, 242; Word of God's role, xix, 8, 10–12, 14–15, 61, 72–73, 75, 128, 152. See also God, creation's union with curvature/incurvature: as metaphor
176, 191–95, 215, 236; Messianic, 187–88; as mother, 213–14; not impeccable, 181, 187, 188, 192–94; of patriarchs and prophets, 185–91; perfections in, 182, 193, 210–11; persecutions of, 189, 190–91, 195; pilgrim, 179–80, 185–91, 193, 206; priesthood, 207, 219; sanctification through, xv, xvin13; spirituality in, 162–63; totus Christus concept, 194, 195–216, 219, 232–33; unity, 176, 182, 190, 210–11, 214, 222, 231–32; worship in, 176, 177, 178, 182, 208, 228. See also ecclesiology; sacraments; totus Christus; unity Church of the Twenty Martyrs, 104n54 Cicero, 6 Clark, Mary, 75 cleave: Augustine's use of term, xvi, for Holy Spirit, 147–48, 149 Cyprian of Carthage, 87, 90, 214n65,
24, 63, 107 Clement of Alexandria, 42, 54 coats of skin, 76–77 cognition, 44, 124 communal, 27–31, 136, 207–10 communion, divine: Adam's longing
221–22; De Dominica Oratione, 91n28 Cyril of Alexandria, xviiin15, 113n75,
Dardanus, Cornelius Postumus: Aufor, 69, 74, 78; in creation, 34–35; ecclesial, 28, 33, 214; Holy Spirit as, 149, 166; of Son with Father, 26; transformative, 55, 85, 165, 223. See also church; consubstantiality; Eucharist; union concupiscence, 121–22, 162, 184, gustine's letter to, 155, 200–201, 210 darkness, 22n69, 64, 153, 162 daughters of God. See adoption; children of God David (Old Testament): persecution of, 166 death, 83, 120. See also immortality;
209–10 conformity, divine, 35, 171–72, 180, 183 consubstantiality: of Father, Son and mortality deificare, 79–134; divine adoption and,
103–12; ethical implications, 120–26; incarnation and, 135, 235; language of, xv–xix, 2, 231, 236, 240; literary, 85–89; in otio, 82–85; philosophical, 82–85, 155; purposes for, 126–34; soteriological, 88–103, 126–29, 131–32, 133, 134 deification, 32, 147; Augustine's theol-
Holy Spirit, 136–37, 144, 148–50, 152, 158–60, 166, 168, 170–71, 173–74 conversion, 22–27, 47–48, 105, 223. See also creation, turn toward God cosmology: Augustinian, 11, 13–14, 19,
31, 64, 79; Manichaean, 65; Plotinian, 24 Courcelle, Pierre, 7, 53 creation, 68, 236; Adam as microcosm ogy of, xi–xx, 34, 51, 80–81, 145, 172, 196, 203, 212, 236, 241–42; Christian concept of, 88–89, 126, 127–28, 129, 189, 233, 240, 241; desire for, 70–71, of, 78, 234; Ambrose's preaching on, 7–8; church as fulfillment of, 176, 178, 183–84, 191; creator's relation-
272 General Index
Dunham, Scott, 14 du Roy, Olivier, 9n28, 55, 147, 149 deification (cont.)
77; divine adoption as, 103–12; as ecclesial process, 176, 177, 182–83, 231–32; ethical implications, 120–26; God's activity, 89–91, 94–97; great exchange and, 112–20, 128–29; Holy Spirit's role, 157, 161, 174; in late antiquity, 84, 86; pagan concept of, 82–85, 94–97, 126, 127; recapitulative, 89–103, 113, 128; salvation's role, xv–xvi, 79–80, 88–89, 108, 234–37; Satan's temptation, 34, 66–69, 70–71, 235; Son's role, 88, 151, 231; total, 107, 110, 111. See also creation, deification of; divinization; gods; imago Dei; theosis demons, 125, 126. See also Satan De Trinitate: Augustine's exposition earth, 7, 74; Christ's presence on, 63,
77–78, 136, 167, 177, 183–84, 216, 228–29; church on, 191–95; creation of, 11, 17, 19, 25, 35, 100n45; Holy Spirit on, 156, 218. See also creation Easter, 218 Eastern fathers: on deification, xiii–xv,
80–81; on imago Dei, 41–42, 53; soteriology of, xvn10, 236; theosis of, 238. See also Greek fathers ecclesiology of Augustine, 158–59, 174,
235–36; deification process and, xx, 103, 176, 177, 182–83, 231–32. See also church, Christian ecumenism, 238, 239, 241 elect, Christian: becoming gods, 96, of, 141–47 dialogue: creator-creation, 1–2, 19–20;
111, 134, 135; church as body of, 178, 219–20, 231, 232; Holy Spirit's presence with, 137, 167, 197; as members of totus Christus, 203–10; participation in divinity, 170, 200–201; perfection of, 131–32. See also Christianity and Christians; church elevation: Christ's mission of, 120, ecumenical, 238, 239, 241 Diocletian, 104n54 disobedience, 100, 164, 176. See also
Fall of Adam and Eve; obedience divine adoption. See adoption divine distance: as metaphor, 72, 73–74 divine predicates, 141–44, 146, 165, 196 divinity, xiv, 49, 78, 107; human par-
167, 215, 216–17; deification as, 83, 98, 99, 101; through Holy Spirit, 147, 164–65, 174. See also salvation; sanctification Enoch, 187 equality, 36–39, 46, 49, 50 eternity: humanity's dwelling in, 29, ticipation in, 129–30, 140, 170, 196, 200–202, 205, 210–11, 220, 233; nature of, 120n94, 159–65, 235; seizing, 34, 67–68, 71–72. See also great exchange divinization: in Augustine's theology,
30, 52, 179, 193. See also immortality ethics: of Augustine, xiiin5, 89, 120–26, xvin13, 133, 236; Christian concept of, 85, 91–92, 157, 240, 241; of humanity, 33, 81, 111, 129–30, 239; pagan concept of, 82–85, 94–97. See also deification; theosis Divry, Édouard, xiin4 Dolbeau, François, 90n26, 96, 213 Donatism, 129, 166, 195, 196, 204; Au-
151–52, 163 Eucharist, 176, 177, 215, 216–21, 224–31,
236. See also sacraments Eunomians, 166 Eve, 48, 162; as imago Dei, 56–63, 234; prelapsarian, 55–63, 90, 98n41. See also Abel; Adam; Cain; Fall of Adam and Eve evil, 16, 63–67, 71, 74 exchange. See great exchange existents, 41, 55n52, 65; dependence on gustine's arguments against, 87, 88, 158–59, 162, 193, 221 dove: as image of Holy Spirit, 138, 139 Drewery, Ben, 81, 241 dualism: of Tyconius, 204