Chapter Ten: The Accidents Of Biological History?
CHAPTER TEN: THE ACCIDENTS OF BIOLOGICAL HISTORY?
1. See Abigail Lustig, “Natural Atheology,” in Darwinian Heresies, ed. Abigail Lustig, Robert J. Richards, and Michael Ruse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 69–83.
2. For a discussion, see the essays in William A. Dembski and Michael Ruse, eds., Debating Design: From Darwin to DNA (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
3. As noted by Alister E. McGrath, “The Ideological Uses of Evolutionary Biology in Recent Atheist Apologetics,” in Biology and Ideology: From Descartes to Dawkins, ed. Denis R. Alexander and Ronald L. Numbers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 329–51. A fuller discussion of this point may be found in Alister E. McGrath, Darwinism and the Divine: Evolutionary Thought and Natural Theology (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).
4. For a vigorous statement of this position, see Richard Dawkins, “Darwin Triumphant: Darwinism as Universal Truth,” in A Devil’s Chaplain: Selected Writings (London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 2003), 78–90.
5. Thomas H. Huxley, Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews (London: Macmillan, 1870), 301.
6. For his complex views on religion, see Sheridan Gilley and Ann Loades, “Thomas Henry Huxley: The War between Science and Religion,” Journal of Religion 61 (1981): 285–308.
7. Charles Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, ed. Francis Darwin, 3rd ed., 3 vols. (London: John Murray, 1887), 2:203–4.
8. See, e.g., Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design (New York: W. W. Norton, 1986). Contrast this with James G. Lennox, “Darwin Was a Teleologist,” Biology and Philosophy 8 (1993): 409–21.
9. Jacques Monod, Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971).
10. See esp. Alister E. McGrath, “The Ideological Uses of Evolutionary Biology in Recent Atheist Apologetics,” in Biology and Ideology: From Descartes to Dawkins, ed. Denis R. Alexander and Ronald L. Numbers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 329–51.
11. Francisco J. Ayala, “Teleological Explanations in Evolutionary Biology,” Philosophy of Science 37 (1970): 1–15, with quote from 12.
12. Ernst Mayr, Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 38–66.
13. Stephen Jay Gould, Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 290.
14. Simon Conway Morris, Life’s Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 297.
15. Ibid., 282.
16. Ibid., 144; see the listing of such examples on 457–61.
17. Ibid., 19–21.
18. Simon Conway Morris, “Darwin’s Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation,” Science and Christian Belief 18 (2006): 5–22.
19. Francisco J. Ayala, “Intelligent Design: The Original Version,” Theology and Science 1 (2003): 9–32.