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Nature and Grace: Selections from the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas

Saint Thomas Aquinas

Cover of Nature and Grace: Selections from the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas

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Author: Saint Thomas Aquinas

  • 201 chapters
  • 201 PDF pages
  • 153,158 words
  • ≈ 1178 min read
  • English

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    Table of Contents

    1General Introduction
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 41 min    2Question One What Sacred Doctrine Is, And What It Concerns
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    3ARTICLE ONE Whether Another Doctrine is Necessary, besides the Philosophical Sciences
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    4ARTICLE TWO Whether Sacred Doctrine is a Science
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    5ARTICLE THREE Whether Sacred Doctrine is a Single Science
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    6ARTICLE FOUR Whether Sacred Doctrine is a Practical Science
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    7ARTICLE FIVE Whether Sacred Doctrine is Nobler than other Sciences
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    8ARTICLE SIX Whether Sacred Doctrine is Wisdom
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    9ARTICLE SEVEN Whether God is the Subject of This Science
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    10ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Sacred Doctrine Proceeds by Argument
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    11ARTICLE NINE Whether Sacred Doctrine should Use Metaphors
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    12ARTICLE TEN Whether One Passage of Sacred Scripture may have Several Interpretations
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    13ARTICLE ONE Whether it is Self-Evident that God Exists
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    14ARTICLE TWO Whether God’s Existence can be Demonstrated
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    15ARTICLE THREE Whether God Exists
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    16Question Three Of The Simple Nature Of God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    17ARTICLE ONE Whether God is a Body
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    18ARTICLE TWO Whether there is Composition of Form and Matter in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    19ARTICLE THREE Whether God is the Same as his Essence, or Nature
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    20ARTICLE FOUR Whether Essence and Existence are the Same in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    21ARTICLE FIVE Whether God Belongs to a Genus
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    22ARTICLE SIX Whether there is any Accident in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    23ARTICLE SEVEN Whether God is Altogether Simple
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    24ARTICLE EIGHT Whether God Enters into the Composition of Other Things
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    25ARTICLE ONE Whether God is Perfect
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    26ARTICLE TWO Whether the Perfections of all Things are in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    27ARTICLE THREE Whether any Creature can be Like God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 15 min    28ARTICLE ONE Whether there is Love in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    29ARTICLE TWO Whether God Loves all Things
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    30ARTICLE THREE Whether God Loves All Things Equally
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    31ARTICLE FOUR Whether God Always Loves Better Things the More
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    32ARTICLE ONE Whether There Is Justice in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    33ARTICLE TWO Whether God’s Justice is Truth
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    34ARTICLE THREE Whether there is Mercy in God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    35ARTICLE FOUR Whether Justice and Mercy are Present in all God’s Works
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    36ARTICLE ONE Whether Providence is Appropriately Ascribed to God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    37ARTICLE TWO Whether All Things are under Divine Providence
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    38ARTICLE THREE Whether God Provides for All Things Directly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    39ARTICLE FOUR Whether Providence Imposes a Necessity on what it Provides
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    40Question Twenty-Three Of Predestination
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    41ARTICLE ONE Whether Men are Predestined by God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    42ARTICLE TWO Whether Predestination Implies Anything in the Predestined
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    43ARTICLE THREE Whether God Rejects Any Man
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    44ARTICLE FOUR Whether the Predestined are Chosen by God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    45ARTICLE FIVE Whether the Foreknowledge of Merits is the Cause of Predestination
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 14 min    46ARTICLE SIX Whether Predestination is Certain
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    47ARTICLE SEVEN Whether the Number of the Predestined is Certain
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    48ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Predestination can be Furthered by the Prayers of the Devout
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    49ARTICLE ONE Whether Original Sin is a Habit
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    50ARTICLE TWO Whether there are Many Original Sins in One Man
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    51ARTICLE THREE Whether Original Sin is Desire
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    52ARTICLE FOUR Whether Original Sin is in All Men Equally
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    53Question Eighty-Five The Effects Of Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    54ARTICLE ONE Whether Sin Diminishes Natural Good
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    55ARTICLE TWO Whether the Whole Good of Human Nature can be Destroyed by Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    56ARTICLE THREE Whether Weakness, Ignorance, Malice, and Desire are Rightly Named as the Wounds of Nature Due to Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    57ARTICLE FOUR Whether Privation of Mode, Species, and Order is the Effect of Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    58ARTICLE FIVE Whether Death and Other Defects of the Body are the Effects of Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    59ARTICLE SIX Whether Death and Other Defects are Natural to Man
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    60Question One Hundred And Nine Concerning The External Principle Of Human Actions, That Is, The Grace Of God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 2 min    61ARTICLE ONE Whether a Man can Know any Truth without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    62ARTICLE TWO Whether a Man can Will or do Good without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    63ARTICLE THREE Whether a Man can Love God above All Things by His Natural Powers alone, without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    64ARTICLE FOUR Whether a Man can fulfil the Commandments of the Law by His Natural Powers, without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    65ARTICLE FIVE Whether a Man can Merit Eternal Life, without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    66ARTICLE SIX Whether without Grace a Man can Prepare Himself for Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    67ARTICLE SEVEN Whether a Man can rise from Sin without the Help of Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    68ARTICLE EIGHT Whether a Man can avoid Sin, without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    69ARTICLE NINE Whether, after receiving Grace, a Man can do Good and avoid Sin, without further help of Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    70ARTICLE TEN Whether a Man in Grace needs the help of Grace in order to Persevere
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    71ARTICLE ONE Whether Grace denotes Something in the Soul
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    72ARTICLE TWO Whether Grace is a Quality of the Soul
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    73ARTICLE THREE Whether Grace is the same as Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    74ARTICLE FOUR Whether Grace is in the Soul’s Essence as its Subject, or in One of its Powers
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    75ARTICLE ONE Whether Grace is appropriately divided into Sanctifying Grace and Free Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    76ARTICLE TWO Whether Grace is appropriately divided into Operative and Co-operative Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    77ARTICLE THREE Whether Grace is Appropriately Divided into Prevenient and Subsequent Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    78ARTICLE FOUR Whether Free Grace is Appropriately Divided by the Apostle
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 9 min    79ARTICLE FIVE Whether Free Grace is Nobler than Sanctifying Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    80ARTICLE ONE Whether God is the Sole Cause of Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    81ARTICLE TWO Whether a Preparation or Disposition for Grace is required on the part of man
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    82ARTICLE THREE Whether Grace is Bound to be given to One Who Prepares Himself for Grace, or Who does what He can
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    83ARTICLE FOUR Whether Grace is greater in One Man than in Another
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    84ARTICLE FIVE Whether a Man can know that He has Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    85Question One Hundred And Thirteen The Effects Of Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    86ARTICLE ONE Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is the Remission of Sins
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    87ARTICLE TWO Whether an Infusion of Grace is required for the Remission of Guilt, which is the Justification of the Ungod
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    88ARTICLE THREE Whether a Movement of the Free Will is required for the Justification of the Ungodly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    89ARTICLE FOUR Whether a Movement of Faith is reojuired for the Justification of the Ungodly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    90ARTICLE FIVE Whether a Movement of the Free Will against Sin is required for the justification of the ungodly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    91ARTICLE SIX Whether the Remission of Sins should be Numbered with the things reequired for the Justification of the Ungo
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    92ARTICLE SEVEN Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is achieved Instantaneously or Gradually
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min    93ARTICLE EIGHT Whether the Infusion of Grace is the First of the Things required for the Justification of the Ungodly, Ac
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    94ARTICLE NINE Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is the Greatest Work of God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    95ARTICLE TEN Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is a Miracle
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    96Question One Hundred And Fourteen Concerning Merit, Which Is The Effect Of Co-Operative Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    97ARTICLE ONE Whether a Man can Merit Anything from God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    98ARTICLE TWO Whether One can Merit Eternal Life without Grace
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    99ARTICLE THREE Whether a Man in Grace can Merit Eternal Life Condignly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    100ARTICLE FOUR Whether Grace is the Principle of Merit through Charity more Principally than through Other Virtues
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    101ARTICLE FIVE Whether a Man can Merit the First Grace for Himself
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    102ARTICLE SIX Whether a Man can Merit the First Grace for Another
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    103ARTICLE SEVEN Whether aMan can Merit His Restoration after aLapse
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    104ARTICLE EIGHT Whether a Man can Merit an Increase of Grace or Charity
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    105ARTICLE NINE Whether a Man can Merit Perseverance
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    106ARTICLE TEN Whether Temporal Goods can be Merited
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    107Question One The Object Of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    108ARTICLE ONE Whether the Object of Faith is the First Truth
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    109ARTICLE TWO Whether the Object of Faith is Something Complex, in the Form of a Proposition
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    110ARTICLE THREE Whether what is False can be Held in Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    111ARTICLE FOUR Whether the Object of Faith can be Something Seen
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    112ARTICLE FIVE Whether the Things of Faith can be Known Scientifically
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    113ARTICLE SIX Whether Matters of Faith ought to be Divided into Certain Articles
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    114ARTICLE SEVEN Whether the Articles of Faith have Increased with the Passing of Time
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    115ARTICLE EIGHT Whether the Articles of Faith are appropriately Enumerated
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    116ARTICLE NINE Whether the Articles of Faith are appropriately Set Forth in a Symbol
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    117ARTICLE TEN Whether it is for the Chief Pontiff to Draw Up the Symbol of the Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    118Question Two The Act Of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    119ARTICLE ONE Whether to Believe is to Think with Assent
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    120ARTICLE TWO Whether to Believe God, to Believe that there is a God, and to Believe in God are rightly Distinguished as A
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    121ARTICLE THREE Whether, for Salvation, it is Necessary to Believe Anything which is Beyond Natural Reason
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    122ARTICLE FOUR Whether it is Necessary to Believe such Things as can be Proved by Natural Reason
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    123ARTICLE FIVE Whether a Man is required to Believe Anything Explicitly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    124ARTICLE SIX Whether all Men Equally are required to have Explicit Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    125ARTICLE SEVEN Whether Explicit Belief in the Mystery of the Incarnation of Christ is Necessary for the Salvation of Ever
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 10 min    126ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Explicit Belief in the Trinity is Necessary for Salvation
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    127ARTICLE NINE Whether to Believe is Meritorious
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    128ARTICLE TEN Whether a Reason in Support of the Things of Faith Diminishes the Merit of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    129ARTICLE ONE Whether Confession is an Act of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    130ARTICLE TWO Whether Confession of Faith is Necessary for Salvation
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    131Question Four The Virtue Itself Of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    132ARTICLE ONE Whether this is a Satisfactory Definition of Faith: Faith is the Substance of Things Hoped for, the Evidence
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 11 min    133ARTICLE TWO Whether Faith is in the Intellect as its Subject
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    134ARTICLE THREE Whether Charity is the Form of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    135ARTICLE FOUR Whether Unformed Faith can become Formed, or Vice Versa
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    136ARTICLE FIVE Whether Faith is a Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    137ARTICLE SIX Whether Faith is a Single Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    138ARTICLE SEVEN Whether Faith is the First of the Virtues
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    139ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Faith is more Certain than Science and the Other Intellectual Virtues
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    140ARTICLE ONE Whether Angels and Man had Faith in their First State
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    141ARTICLE TWO Whether Devils Have Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    142ARTICLE THREE Whether One Who Disbelieves One Article of Faith can Have Unformed Faith in the Other Articles
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    143ARTICLE FOUR Whether Faith can be Greater in One Than in Another
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    144ARTICLE ONE Whether Faith is Infused into Man by God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    145ARTICLE TWO Whether Unformed Faith is a Gift of God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    146ARTICLE ONE Whether Fear is an Effect of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    147ARTICLE TWO Whether Purification of the Heart is an Effect of Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    148Question Seventeen Of Hope, Considered In Itself
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    149ARTICLE ONE Whether Hope is a Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    150ARTICLE TWO Whether Eternal Blessedness is the Proper Object of Hope
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    151ARTICLE THREE Whether One can Hope for the Eternal Blessedness of Another
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    152ARTICLE FOUR Whether One may Lawfully Hope in Man
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    153ARTICLE FIVE Whether Hope is a Theological Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    154ARTICLE SIX Whether Hope is Distinct from the other Theological Virtues
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    155ARTICLE SEVEN Whether Hope precedes Faith
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    156ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Charity is Prior to Hope
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    157ARTICLE ONE Whether Hope is in the Will as its Subject
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    158ARTICLE TWO Whether there is Hope in the Blessed
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    159ARTICLE THREE Whether there is Hope in the Damned
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    160ARTICLE FOUR Whether the Hope of Wayfarers is Certain
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    161Question Nineteen The Gift Of Fear
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    162ARTICLE ONE Whether God can be Feared
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    163ARTICLE TWO Whether Fear is appropriately Divided into Filial, Initial, Servile, and Worldly Fear
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    164ARTICLE THREE Whether Worldly Fear is always Evil
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    165ARTICLE FOUR Whether Servile Fear is Good
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    166ARTICLE FIVE Whether Servile Fear is substantially the Same as Filial Fear
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    167ARTICLE SIX Whether Servile Fear Remains when Charity is Present
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    168ARTICLE SEVEN Whether Fear is the Beginning of Wisdom
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    169ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Initial Fear Differs Substantially from Filial Fear
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    170ARTICLE NINE Whether Fear is a Gift of the Holy Spirit
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    171ARTICLE TEN Whether Fear Diminishes as Charity Increases
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    172ARTICLE ELEVEN Whether Fear Remains in Heaven
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    173ARTICLE TWELVE Whether Poverty of Spirit is the Beatitude which Corresponds to the Gift of Fear
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    174ARTICLE ONE Whether Despair is a Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    175ARTICLE TWO Whether there can be Despair without Unbelief
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    176ARTICLE THREE Whether Despair is the Greatest of Sins
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    177ARTICLE FOUR Whether Despair Arises from Listlessness
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    178ARTICLE ONE Whether Presumption Relies on God, or on One’s Own Power
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    179ARTICLE TWO Whether Presumption is a Sin
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    180ARTICLE THREE Whether Presumption is Opposed to Fear rather than to Hope
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    181ARTICLE FOUR Whether Presumption is Caused by Vainglory
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    182ARTICLE ONE Whether Charity is Friendship
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    183ARTICLE TWO Whether Charity is Something Created in the Soul
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 8 min    184ARTICLE THREE Whether Charity is a Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    185ARTICLE FOUR Whether Charity is a Specific Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    186ARTICLE FIVE Whether Charity is a Single Virtue
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    187ARTICLE SIX Whether Charity is the Most Excellent of the Virtues
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    188ARTICLE SEVEN Whether there can be any True Virtue without Charity
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    189ARTICLE EIGHT Whether Charity is the Form of the Virtues
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 4 min    190Question Twenty-Seven Of The Principal Act Of Charity, Which Is To Love
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 1 min    191ARTICLE ONE Whether to be Loved is More Proper to Charity than to Love
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    192ARTICLE TWO Whether the Love which is an Act of Charity is the Same as Benevolence
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    193ARTICLE THREE Whether by Charity God is to be Loved on Account of Himself
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    194ARTICLE FOUR Whether God can be Loved Immediately in this Life
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    195ARTICLE FIVE Whether God can be Loved Wholly
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 3 min    196ARTICLE SIX Whether Love to God ought to have a Mode
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 7 min    197ARTICLE SEVEN Whether it is more Meritorious to Love an Enemy than to Love a Friend
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 6 min    198ARTICLE EIGHT Whether it is more Meritorious to Love One’s Neighbour than to Love God
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 5 min    199BIBLIOGRAPHY
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 14 min    200CONTENTS
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 19 min    201ENDNOTES
    pp. 1–1 · ≈ 12 min

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