Workman, "The Place of Methodism in the Catholic Church," introductory chapter in A New History of Methodism, 2 vols., London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1909; Maximin Piette, La Réaction wesleyénne dans Vévolution protestante; George Eayrs, John Wesley: Christian Philosopher and Church Founder, London, Epworth
Press, 1926; Howard Watkins-Jones, The Holy Spirit from Arminius to Wesley, London, Epworth Press, 1929; J. Ernest Rattenbury, Wesley's Legacy to the World, Nashville, Cokesbury,
1929; R. Newton Flew, The Idea of Perfection in Christian T heology, Oxford, University Press, 1934. After this manuscript was completed, there came to hand a Heidelberg theological dissertation by Dr. Erich von Eicken, Rechtfertigung und Heiligung bei
Wesley dargestellt unter Vergleichung mit den Anschauungen Luthers und Luthertums, 1934. I am glad to be able to cite this excellent monograph in support of a number of points in this and the following chapters.
1. See especially, C. C. J. Webb, Religious Thought in the Oxford Move- — ment, London, S.P.C.K., 1928, p. 53. See also R. Newton Flew, 'sMethodism and the Catholic Tradition," in Northern Catholicism, Centenary Studies in the Oxford and Parallel Movements, ed. by N. P. Williams and Charles Harris,
London, S.P.C.K., 1933.
2. Cf. Trevelyan, Blenheim, pp. 60-61.
3. Works, vol. x, pp. 350-351.
Notes 4. Sermon v, Standard Sermorts, vol. i, p. 121. See Letiers, vol. vi, p. 298; vol. iii, pp. 108-109.
§. Works, vol. vi, p. 198; cf. vol. viii, pp. 197-198.
. Sermon Ixvii, Works, vol. vi, p. 316.
. Sermon xviii, Standard Serurcns, vol. i, p. 364.
WNCON. Sermon Ixvii, Works, vol. v:. pp. 320-322.
9. Works, vol. vili, p. 465.
10. Whitehead, Science and the Modern World, chap. v.
11. Works, vol. x, pp. 361-363, his tract, "Thoughts upon God's Sovereignty."
12. See for idea of scale of being, Wesley, A Survey of the Wisdom of God in the Creation; or, a Compendium of Natural Philosophy, London, 1784, vol. iv, pp. 72-114.
13. Sermon Ix, Works, vol. vi, p. 246.
14. Sermon Ixvii, Works, vol. vii, pp. 222-223.
15. Sermon Ix, vol. vi, p. 244. Cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Part) 1,-2)\q. I, art.$:'q: 5: ad)23 q. II, art. 2; Plotinus, Enneads I, 4 and\5;
Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, x, 1176a. (1 am indebted for these references to Professor Robert. L. Calhoun of Yale.) Lactantius, Divine Institutions, iti, x, says that "the chief good of man is in religion only: for the other things, even those which are supposed to be peculiar to man, are found in the other animals also."
16. Sermon Ix, Works, vol. vi, pp. 249-250. Wesley advances this as a "conjecture."
18. Sermon lvii, Works, vol. vi, p. 223.
19. Law's Works, vol. iii, p. 22.
20. Wesley's Works, vol. ix, p. 221. Wesley's treatise, "The Doctrine of Original Sin," is in Works, vol. ix, pp. 192-464. Sermon xxxviii, "Original
Sin" (Standard Sermons, vol. ii, pp. 207-225); Sermon xxxix, "The New Birth" (ibid., vol. ii, pp. 225-243); and Sermon Ivii, "On the Fall of Man"
(Works, vol. vi, pp. 215-224), should also be consulted for Wesley's views on the subject.
-21. On man's loss of the power of intuitive knowledge by the Fall, see "An Earnest Appeal," Works, vol. vii, pp. 13-15. Wesley's conception of faith will be discussed below, chap. vii.
22. Works, vol. x, pp. 470-471.
23. C. C. J. Webb, "The Nature of Religious Experience," Hibbert Journal, vol. xxxii (1933), pp. 18-19.
24. Sermon Ixxxv, Works, vol. vi, p. 512.
25. Charles Hardwick, A History of the Articles of Religion, Philadelphia, Hooker, 1860, p. 201.
26. Tyerman, The Life and Times of Samuel Wesley, p. 145. Cf. Beveridge, Ecclesia Anglicana Ecclesia Catholica; or, the Doctrine of the Church of England consonant to Scripture, Reason, and Fathers, Second edition, revised, Oxford, at the University Press, 1846, p. 279. The whole of BeverJohn Wesley and Modern Religion idge's chapter on Article X (pp. 274-285) should be read. Dr. Eicken, op. cit., sees that the doctrine of preventing grace is characteristic of Wesley's theology, and that it became increasingly important for him as Wesley grew older, causing him to modify some of the more extreme statements which he had made concerning man's total depravity.
27. The following quotations are from these two short tracts, Works, vol. xX, pp. 457-480. See Dr. Eicken's short excursus on "Wesley and Arminianism." In listing the influences which moved Wesley to reject determinism,
Eicken gives first place to the influence of Wesley's home, the atmosphere of which was that of Laudian Anglicanism. Only later did Wesley show any influence from the Remonstrant theologians. This seems to me corfect.
28. Sermon xxxii, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 96.
29. Sermon xxxv, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 154.
30. Letters, vol. ii, p. 387.
31. Works, vol. x, p. 484.
32. Letters, vol. vii, p. 106. In his Preface to the "Epistles of the Apostolical Fathers," Wesley used yet stronger language: "The plain inference is, not only that they were not mistaken in their interpretation of the gospel of Christ; but that in all the necessary parts of it, they were so assisted by the Holy Ghost, as to be scarce capable of mistaking. Consequently, we are to look on their writings, though not of equal authority with the holy Scriptures, (because neither were the authors of them called in so extraordinary a way to the writing of them, nor endued with so large a portion of the blessed Spirit,) yet as worthy of a much greater respect than any composures which have been made since; however men have afterwards written with more art, and a greater stock of human learning, than is to be found not only in the following pieces, but even in the New Testament itself." (Works, vol. xiv, p. 225.) | This was published in the first volume of the Christian
33. Lancelot Andrewes, Responsio ad Apologiam Cardinalis Bellarmini, Oxford, Parker, 1851, p. 233.
34, Herbert Thorndike, The Theological Works, Oxford, Parker, vol. ii, pt. ii, pp. 426-7. On the Nonjurors, see J. H. Overton, The Nonjurors, New York,
'Whittaker, 1903. For a short account of the Tractarians' interest in the early Fathers, see H. P. Liddon, Life of E. B. Pusey, London, Longmans, 18931897, vol. i, chap. xviii, "The Library of the Fathers." The exigencies of controversy with the Roman Catholics made it desirable to emphasize the Fathers of the undivided Church. 'The controversy with the Calvinists perhaps turned attention to the Fathers before Augustine.
35. Letters, vol. v, p. 364.
36. Ibid., vol. iv, p. 368.
37. Works, vol. viii, pp. 10-15.
39. Ibid., vol. vi, p. 339; cf. Sermon xviii, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 364: "we are to see the Creator in the glass of every creature."
40. Letters, vol. viii, p. 89.
41. Letters, vol. i, p. 172.
Notes 42. Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 383-385.
43. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 383.
44. Ibid., vol. vi, p. 136.
45. Ibid., vol. vi, p. 129.
46. Ibid., vol. vii, p. 392. See Journal, vol. i, p. 415n.
47. Cf. letter to Ann Loxdale, June, 1781, Letters, vol. vii, p. 67.
48. See H. B. Workman, "The Place of Methodism in the Catholic Church," introductory chapter to A New History of Methodism.
49. Letters, vol. i, p. 274.
50. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 120.
§1. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 387.
$2. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 290.
53. Ibid., vol. v, p. 24.
CHAPTER VII 1. See Letters, vol. iv, p. 297; Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 150; Works, vol. vii, p. 29. | 2. Letters, vol. viii, p. 218.
3. Works, vol. viii, pp. 10, 47.
4. Sermon xv, Standard Sermons, vol. i, pp. 301 ff.
7. Works, vol. viii, p. 48.
8. Letters, vol. vii, p. 298. Cf. the statement of one of Wesley's oftenquoted Fathers, Macarius: 'So very various is the way of grace in them, and such variety is there in the manner after which it conducts the soul, refreshing it according to the will and pleasure of God." (Homily x.)
9. Works, vol. viii, p. 24.
10. J. Agar Beet, "The Methodist Revival,' London Quarterly Review, January, 1920, pp. 54-69. But see H. B. Workman, New History of Methodism, vol. i, p. 54n.
11. George Croft Cell, op. cit., p. 199. On p. 153, Professor Cell speaks of Luther as the only authority, besides the Scriptures, which Wesley ever acknowledged "for his own doctrine of faith."
12. Letters, vol. iii, p. 321.
13. [bid., vol. iv, pp. 173-174.
14. Works, vol. viii, p. 13.
15. Ibid., vol. viii, p. 198.
16. "The Life of God in the Soul of Man," quoted from reprint in First Collected Edition of Wesley's Works, vol. viii, p. 301.
17. Works (third edition), vol. viii, p. 428.
18. Ibid., vol. viii, p. 48.
19. Sermon xxxi, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 81.
20. Works, vol. vii, pp. 256-263.
21. See Augustine, "On Rebuke and Grace," chap. 40; Westminster Confession of Faith, chap. xviii.
John Wesley and Modern Religion 22. Sermon cxxxviii, Works, vol. vii, p. 492.
23. Journal, vol. i, p. 191.
24. Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 13-14.
25. Works, vol. viii, p. 282.
26. Letters, vol. ii, p. 46.
27. Quoted by Sugden. Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 82n., from Southey, Life of Wesley, vol. i, p. 295.
28. Quoted by James Moffatt, Love in the New Testament, New York, Richard R. Smith, 1930, p. 141.
29. Art., "Justification," in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.
30. Letters, vol. iii, p. 161.
31. Sermon x, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 208.
33. Works, vol. viii, p. 3.
34. C. C. J. Webb, Religious Thought in the Oxford Movement, pp. 91, 89. Cf. also Yngve Brilioth, Evangelicalism and the Oxford Movement,
Oxford, University Press, 1934, p. 48. Dr. Eicken has a similar statement in which he attributes to Wesley the conception which characterized the Oxford Movement: "Die Frage ist eben, ob das Leben des Glaubigen sich mehr am Karfreitag oder an Osten und Pfingsten, am 'Christus fiir uns' oder am gegenwartigen, sieghaften, allmachtigen 'Christus in uns' aufzurichten hat.
Fir Luther bleibt lebenslang der 'Christus fiir uns' im Vordergrunde des Interesses, fiir Wesley aber hinsichtlich des Wiedergeborenen 'der Christus in uns." (Rechtfertigung und Heiligung bei Wesley, p. 67.)
35. Sermon xix, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 390.
36. Letters, vol. i, pp. 63-65.
37. Quoted in Ekstatische Konfessionen, edited by Martin Buber, Leipzig, Insel Verlag, 1923, p. 33.
38. Journal, vol. v, p. 244; cf. Letters, vol. iii, p. 356.
39. Works, vol. viii, p. 361. The date given in the Works, 1740, is evidently a mistake. See Green, Bibliography, ad loc.
40. See John Bennet's Copy of the Minutes of the Conferences of 1744, 1745, 1747 and 1748; with Wesley's Copy of Those for 1746, published as Number I of the Proceedings Wesley Historical Society, London, 1896.
41. Letters, vol. ii, p. 227.
42. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 46.
43. Arminian Magazine (1779), pp. 119-123.
44. Journal, vol. ii, p. 467.
45. Ibid., vol. ii, p. 174.
46. George Bull, Harmonica Apostolica, Oxford, Parker, 1842.
47. Letters, vol. ii, p. 187.
48. Works, vol. viii, pp. 336-338.
49. David Benham, Memoirs of James Hutton, London, Hamilton, Adams, 1856, p. 112, } 50. Fletcher wrote a "Vindication of the Minutes" in five letters, which is his First Check to Antinomianism. This has often been reprinted. The reference here is to Letter iv, 5.
Notes 51. Letters, vol. v, p. 275.
Fletcher, First Check, Letter iv, 5. Cf. St. Thomas, Summa, Part I, 2, q. 114, art. 3.
53. Fletcher, Fourth Check, Letter i.
54. Letters, vol. vi, pp. 202-203.
55. Sermon cvii, Works, vol. vii, pp. 204-205.
CHAPTER VIII 1. The best discussion of the doctrine of Christian Perfection in Western theology is R. Newton Flew, The Idea of Perfection in Christian Theology; chap. xviii deals with William Law and xix with Wesley. There is now also the study of Eicken, Rechtfertigung und Heiligung bei Wesley. Students should read also H. B. Workman, "The Place of Methodism in the Life and Thought of the Christian Church," in The New History of Methodism. Dr.
Sugden has written an illuminating introduction to Sermon xxxv, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, pp. 147-150.
2. Letters, vol. iv, pp. 298-299. Cf. Works, vol. xi, p. 444.
3. "The ripe fruit of medieval Christianity as concentrated in the life of the Cloister," is Dr. Inge's description of the Imitation (Christian Mysticism, London, Methuen, 1925, p. 194).
4. Standard Sermons, vol. i, pp. 263-279.
V.e10id., pd. 277-278.
Gur ierd... p.! 2770, 7. Ibid., pp. 269-270 and note. Cf. Works, vol. xi, pp. 384-385.
8. Works, vol. xi, p. 370. See Journal, vol. ii, p. 49 and note. In the Journal, the words of Gradin are expanded to include what Henry Moore said was a description of Gradin's own experience, not a general definition: verbo, cor quod antea instar maris turbulenti agitabatur, in summa fuit requie, instar maris serenis et tranquili. It is possible that only later did Wesley see that this described Gradin's own experience, but not necessarily the experience of every child of God. See Journal, vol. ii, p. 49 and note 3.
9. The Poetical Works, vol. i, pp. 197-204.
10. See Sugden's note, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 234. The word "adult" is inserted in the First Collected Edition, as also the warning.
11. These changes are to be found, Works, vol. xi, pp. 379-380; Poetical Works, vol. i, pp. 199-201. For further evidence of Wesley's change of views concerning the state of those born again, see Standard Sermons, vol. i, p.
12. Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 156.
13. Law, Works, vol. iii, p. 27.° 14. Flew, op. cit., pp. 340-341.
15. Wesley, Works, vol. xi, p. 419.
17. Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 156.
18. Minutes of the Conference of 1744, Works, vol. viii, p. 285.
19. On Charles Wesley's views, see Luke Wiseman, Charles Wesley, pp.
John Wesley and Modern Religion 20. Works, vol. xi, p. 446.
21, Sermon cxx, dated Madeley, March 26, 1790, Works, vol. vii, p. 317.
Pap Works, vol. viii, pp. 68-69.
23. Works, vol. viii, p. 279.
24. Cell, Rediscovery of John Wesley, p. 347.
2 Sie Works, vol. xi, p. 417.
26. Sermon 1, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, pp. 457-458. payis Sermon xlvii, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 389.
28. Art., Southwestern Christian Advocate, Feb. 19, 1935.
Zo; Works, vol. xi, p. 401.
30. Ibid., vol. xi, p. 420.
Shy Sermon xvii, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 343.
326 Ibid., pp. 342-343.
33. Ibid., pp. 343-344.
Soye Sermon xix, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 390.
36. Sermon xxvi, ibid., p. 542. wee For a brief account of the Christian doctrine of vocation, see R. L.
Calhoun, God and the Common Life, New York, Scribners, 1935, pp. 17-33.
38. John M. Mecklin, The Story of American Dissent, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1934, p. 279.
39% Law's Works, vol. iv, p. 14.
40. Letters, vol. i, p. 113.
41. Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 280. The following quotations are from this sermon, pp. 281-292.
42. The General Rules are reprinted in all Books of Discipline of American Methodists, and in Works, vol. viii, pp. 269-271.
43, Works, vol. viii, p. 354.
44, Ibid., vol. xi, p. 473.
45. Letters, vol. vii, p. 12.
46. Ibid., vol. vi, p. 47.
47. Works, vol. xi, pp. 458-459.
48. .Ibid., vol. viii, p. 286; Proceedings Wesley Historical Society, no. i, p. ean 49, Ibid., vol. viii, pp. 323-324.
50. R. H. Tawney, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, p. 248.
Shy Sermon xliv, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, pp. 319-320.
D2. Tawney, op. cit., p. 191.
53. Standard Sermons, vol. ii, pp. 316-317. The following quotations are from this sermon, "The Use of Money," pp. 309-327.
54. Sermon li, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, pp. 476-477. s/s Cell, op. cit., chap. xvi.
56. Sermon xxviii, Standard Sermons, vol. ii, p. 36.
7% Sermon cvi, Works, vol. vii, p. 199. Cf. Sugden, Standard Sermons, vol. i, p. 61n; Letters, vol. vi, pp. 272-273.
58. Sermon Ixxxix, Works, vol. vii, p. 28.
Notes 59. Ibid., p. 29.
60. Works, vol. xi, p. 430.