Expositions on the Book of Psalms
140 THE WORKS OF ST. AUGUSTIN. [PsaALm XLIV, et A a a merc whom wilt thou give that of which: thou hast original cause,' and also from the fact of our suffering much from those who are not "above'') ; this is "the harp." For there rises a sweet strain from that part of us which is " below :"' we " suffer," and we strike the psaltery,? or shall I rather say we sing and we strike the harp... . 6. And again, in order that he may draw the sound from that sounding-board below, he addresses his soul: he says, " Why art thou sorrowful, O my soul, and why dost thou disquiet me?" deprived thyself? Where wilt thou bestow what thou hast denied thyself? How many poor may be filled *° by the breakfast *! we *? have this day given up? Fast in such a way that thou mayest rejoice, that thou hast breakfasted, while another has been eating ; fast on account of thy prayers, that thou mayest be heard in them. For He says in that passage, " Whilst thou art yet speaking I will say, Here I am," ?3 provided thou wilt with cheerful mind "break thy bread to the hungry." For generally this is done by men reluctantly and with murmurs, to rid themselves of the wearisome importunity of the beggar, not to refresh the bowels of him that is needy. But it is 'a cheerful giver" that "God loves." 4 If thou givest thy bread reluctantly, thou hast lost both the bread, and the merit of the action. Do it then from the heart: that He "who seeth in secret," '5 may say, "whilst thou art yet speaking, Here I am." How speedily are the prayers of those received, who work righteousness! And this is man's righteousness in this life, fasting, alms, and prayer. Wouldest thou have thy prayer fly upward to God? Make for it those two wings of alms and fasting. Such may God's "Light" and God's "Truth" find us, that He may find us without cause for fear, when He comes to free us from death, who has already come to undergo death for us. Amen.
(ver. 5). I am in tribulations, in weariness, in mourning, " Why dost thou disquiet me, O my soul?"? Who is the speaker, to whom is he speaking? That it is the soul to which he is speaking, everybody knows: for it is obvious: the appeal is addressed to it directly: '' Why art thou sorrowful, O my soul, and why dost thou disquiet me?" The question is as to the speaker. It is not the flesh addressing the soul, surely, since the flesh cannot speak without the soul. For it is more appropriate for the soul to address the flesh, than forthe flesh to address the soul. ... We perceive then that we have a certain part, in which is " the image of God ;" viz. the mind and reason.* It was that same mind that prayed for "God's Light" and " God's Truth." It is the same mind by which we apprehend$ right and wrong: it is by the same that we discern truth from falsehood. It is this same that we call "understanding ;"" which " understanding,'' indeed, is wanting to the brutes. And this "understanding '' whoever neglects in himself, and holds it in less account than the other parts of his nature, and casts it off, just as if he had it not, is addressed in the Psalm, "' Be ye not as the horse and the mule, which have no understanding."'® It is our "understanding " then that is addressing our soul. The latter is withered away from tribulations, worn out in anguish,? made "sorrowful" in temptations, fainting in toils. The mind, catching a glimpse of Truth above, would fain rouse her spirits, and she says, " Why art thou sorrowful, O my soul?" . . 7. These expressions, brethren, are safe ones: but yet be watchful in good works. Touch "the psaltery," by obeying the Commandments ; touch the harp, by patiently enduring your sufferings. You have heard from Isaiah, " Break thy bread to the hungry ;''® think not that fasting by itself is sufficient. Fasting chasteneth thine own self: it does not refresh others. "Thy distress will profit thee, if thou affordest comfort? to others. See, thou hast denied thyself; to
PSALM XLIV.%®
1. This Psalm is addressed "to the sons of Korah," as its title shows. Now Korah is equivalent to the word baldness ;'7 and we find in the Gospel that our Lord Jesus Christ was crucified in "the place of a skull." "8 It is clear then that this Psalm is sung to the "sons of His 'Passion.''' Now we have on this point a most certain and most evident testimony from the Apostle Paul; because that at the time when the Church was suffering under the persecutions of the Gentiles, he quoted from hence a verse, to insert by way of consolation, and encouragement to patience. For that which he inserted in his Epistle, is said here: " For Thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter." 19 Let us then hear in this Psalm the voice of the Martyrs; and see how good is the cause which the voice of the Martyrs pleads, saying, " For Thy sake," etc. . . . 2. The title then is not simply ''To the sons of Korah," but, " Hor understanding, to the sons of Korah." 'This is the case also with that Psalm, the first verse of which the Lord Himself
He seems to mean our original from
I Prima nostra causa, Adam.
2 Psallimus. 3 Al. " anguishes." 4 T. Aquin. Prolog ad. I. Il. Per zmaginem Dez significatur (sicut Damascen. dicit), intellectuale, e¢ ardztrio liberum, et per se potestativum.
Ret Ade yOu 14 2 Cor. ixe7. 17 Caluitinm. 19 Rom. viii. 36.
10 Saginare. 11 Prandium, 13 Isa. lviii. 9 and Ixv. 24, 15 Matt. vi. 6. 16 Lat. XLIII. 18 Matt. xxvii. 33. Calvarie.
S Capimus. 7 Some mss. lamguoribus. 9 Latitudinem.
© Ps, xxxii. 9. 8 Isa, lvili. 7.