Expositions on the Book of Psalms (continued)
560 THE WORKSHOF 2ST) AUGUSTIN: [PsaLtm CXIX.
2. Listen now to what he addeth: " Blessed are they that keep His testimonies, and seek Him with their whole heart" (ver. 2). No other class of the blessed seemeth to me to be mentioned in these words, than that which has been already spoken of. For to examine into the testimonies of the Lord, and to seek Him with all the heart, this is to be undefiled in the way, this is to walk in the law of the Lord. He then goeth on to say, " For they who do wickedness, shall not walk in His ways" (ver. 3). And yet we know that the workers of wickedness do search the testimonies of the Lord for this reason, that they prefer being learned to being righteous : we know that others also search the testimonies of the Lord, not because they are already living well, but that they may know how they ought to live. Such then do not as yet walk undefiled in the law of the Lord, and for this reason are not as yet blessed... . 3. It is written, and is read, and is true, in this Psalm, that ' They who do wickedness, walk not in His ways" (ver. 3). But we must endeavour, with the help of God, "in" whose " hand are both we and our words," 3 that what is rightly said, by not being rightly understood, may not confuse the reader or hearer. For we must beware, lest all the Saints, whose words these are, "If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us;"4 may either not be thought to walk in the ways of the Lord, since sin is wickedness, and "they who do wickedness, walk not in His ways ;" or, because it is not doubtful that they walk in the ways of the Lord, may be thought to have no sin, which is beyond doubt false. For it is not said merely for the sake of avoiding arrogance and pride. Otherwise it would not be added, '"' And the truth is not in us ;" but it would be said, Humility is not in us: especially because the following words throw a clearer light on the meaning, and remove all the causes of doubt. For when the blessed John had said this, he added, " If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness."5 ..., walk "in the place of the wonderful tabernacle, even unto the house of God." ! For if there be there the spiritual sacrifice, the everlasting sacrifice of praise, both the Priest is everlasting, and the peaceful mind of the righteous an everlasting altar... . 22. And what shall we sing there, save His praises? What else shall we say there, save, "Thou art my God, and I will confess unto Thee ; Thou art my God, and I will praise Thee.
I will confess unto Thee, for Thou hast heard me, and art become my Salvation." We will not say these things in loud words ; but the love that abideth in Him of itself crieth out in these words, and these words are love itself. Thus, as he began with praise, so he endeth: ' Confess unto the Lord, for He is gracious, and His mercy endureth for ever" (ver. 29). With this the Psalm commenceth, with this it endeth ; since, as from the commencement which we have left behind, so in the end, whither we are returning, there is not anything that can more profitably please us, than the praise of God, and Allelujah evermore.
PSALM CXIX.
Aleph.
1. From its commencement, dearly beloved, doth this great Psalm exhort us unto bliss, which there is no one who desireth not. . . . And therefore this is the lesson which he teacheth, who saith, 'Blessed are those that are undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the Lord"
(ver. 1). As much as to say, I know what thou wishest, thou art seeking bliss: if then thou wouldest be blessed, be undefiled. For the former all desire, the latter fear: yet without it, what all wish cannot be attained. But where will any one be undefiled, save in the way? In what way, save in the law of the Lord? .. .
I Ps, xlii. 4. 2 Lat. CXVIII. [The author says: " Preface. —I have exunded all the rest of the Psalins, which we know the Book of the Dasline containeth, which by the custom of the Church is styled the Psalter, partly by preaching among the people, partly by dictations, as well as I, by the Lord's help, was able: but I put off the CXIXth Psalm, as well on account of its well-known length, as on account of its depth being fathomable by few. And when my brethren deeply regretted that the exposition of this Psalm alone, so far as pertaineth to the Psalms of the same volume, was wanting to my works, and strongly pressed me to pay this debt, I yielded not to them, though they long entreated and solicited me; because as often as I began to reflect upon it, it always exceeded the utmost stretch of my powers. For in proportion as it seemeth more open, so much the more deep doth it appear to me; so that I cannot show how deep it is. For in others, which are understood with difficulty, although the sense lie hid in obscurity, yet the obscurity itself appeareth; but in this, not even this is the case; since it is superficially such, that it seemeth not to need an expositor, but only a reader and listener. And now that at length I approach its interpretation, I am utterly ignorant what I can achieve in it: nevertheless, I hope that God will aid me with His Presence, that I may effect something. For thus He hath done in all those which, though at first they seemed to me difficult, and almost impracticable, I have succeeded in adequately expounding. But I decided to do this by means of sermons, which might be delivered among the people, such as the Greeks term 6uct Atac. For this is, I think, more equitable, that the assemblies of the Church be not defrauded of the comprehension of this Psalm, by the singing of which, as much as by that of others, they are wont to be charmed. But let the preface end here: we must now speak of the Psalm itself, to which we have thought it right to make this Preface." — C.]
4. What meaneth, " Thou hast charged that we shall keep Thy commandments too much "' ?
(ver. 4). Is it, " Thou hast charged too much" ? or, "to keep too much'"'? Whichever of these we understand, the sense seems contrary to that memorable and noble sentiment which the Greeks praise in their wise men, and which the Latins agree in praising. "Do nothing too much."°® , .. But the Latin language some-
3 Wisd. vii. 16, 4 x Johni. 8, 9. 5 x John i. 9. © Terence, Andria, v. 34. 'This Greek sentiment does not contain a word answering to that which is here read: for there, dyav is used, which is zs but here o$08pa, which is equivalent to valdé, very much. But sometimes, as we have said, we find zzmus used, and use it ourselves, for what means valddé," — The Author.