4. An important part in
PISTIS, GNOSIS, COSMOLOGY, AND THEOLOGY PISTIS, GNOSIS, CO | b€ €or pddora .
. TO xwpilew dd odparos récov Suvardv. The liness and darkness, that n natural result of this purification is that the soul turns itself toof the soul, which God a wards the Good and contemplates it : Se? odv xabnpapevnv ovvetvar. things', De Migr. Abr. 191 ovvéorat 5é emorpadeioa ..
. Todr' obv 7 dperi adrijs; 7) 76 yeyvd~ pevov adri ex rijs emotpodiis. Ti obv robro; Gea Ray (ORS Tay 4. An important part in > a m ¢ :
8pbevros, Enn. A Bid cf. Enn. x 6. 9, ob 76 wanov om Bor yoxt) encyclical disciplines, part pay Kady yevouern. yevrécbw dé ia finds ee mas Kat Kkadds geometry. The main funct mas, et péMet Oedoaabar Gedv re Kal xaddv. Porphyry also conto the knowledge of the nects contemplation with the cathartic virtues: ai be ToD mpos passages Strom. i. 176. 3 (i Oewplay mpoxdmrovros DewpyriKod ev droardce: Keivrar TO evredbev,
109. 6-9), Strom. vi. 80. 4
5d iin xabdpoeis SUTRE A€yovrat, Se STON Vecporpevas rey Bets the yrworicds to reach TOUR RATS: mpdgewy 'ad oupmabedy BPOS AUTO: COLOR HAY PSP CH realities, astronomy helps puxfis adioraperns mpos 76 dvrws ov, Sent. xxxii. 3 (p. 18. 5-9 material things and to pass Mommert).
; ; world to the contemplatio Philo completely agrees with Clement and with the Platonic contemplate heaven by h tradition. He considers contemplation a the réhos of mans which he can stand uprigh ss ; Puy dzroAdum Kat d€vdopkovon réAos mporeDeysevy Tov OewpyntiKov mpos Tv ovpavod Pav yevo kal elpnvatov Biov, De Soman, ii. 250 (iii. 298. 84-5)," and as the The yrwortxds himself do highest part of philosophy, 7@ Bewpytix Pepe THs: drrocodias, % yewortkod ... THY otpav 81 KdMAorov Kai Bevdrardy éort, De Vita cont. 67 (vi.64. 3-4). So,
Strom. iv. 169. 1 (ii. 323. 14 to describe the knowledge of the intelligible realities, he resorts the harmony and the ord to such terms as Gewpia, Oda, Bewpeiv, dpacis, dparixds, dpav: as itself from any contact wit in Clement and in the Platonic tradition, they become in Philo alwpotpevos 7H vH auvvysw the technical terms for the designation of gnosis and occur exmepurodfaet, toropav det 7 tremely frequently in his writings.? He also maintains that conStrom. vi. 80. 3, vol. ii. 47
: templation can be attained only by means of separation from the creator (arn yap [sc. sensible things and from sensations: 'when <mind) is captured loropiav mepi te Tob axypa by some philosophical doctrine and is directed by it, it folre rév dorpww Kurioews mno lows it and forgets completely whatever is connected with the civ yuynv, Strom. vi. go. corporeal weight. Even as sensations obstruct the exact concontemplation of heaven t templation of the intelligible reality, those who are fond of this contemplation do their best to neutralize their attack; they shut é ; es passages ofiy are o .
J : a * wis a : duod det. pot. ins. sol. 158
(i. 294. 7their eyes and their ears, check the impulses coming from the 24-196: 9), De Plant: 64 (ik 146: other sensations, and deem it right to spend some time in lone- (ii. 189. 12-14), De Ebr. 124 (ii Migr. Abr. 13 (ii. 271. 2-4). The Cf. Clement, Strom. vi. 61. 2, xat 5} kal ef Eore rédos 100 cohod % Bewpia. gnosis and separation from the sen ?
I shall mention only some passages: De Plant. 36 (ii. 140. 27), De Ebr. 107 see, for instance, Poim.
(ii. 191. 9-10), De Sobr. 3 (ii. 215. 18-19), QuodD, sit imm. 151 (ii. 88. 17), De Conf.
9), x. 4 (i. 114. 19-20 and 115, Ling. 97 (ii. 247. 15-16), De Migr. Abr. 169 (ii. 301. 16-17), De Abr. 162 (iv. 37. 9);
| 15-16). On the use of the terms 0 De spec. Leg. i. 288 (v. 69. 16-17), De Praem. et Poen. 46 (v. 346. 11-12), De Vita | in the Corpus Hermeticum see espe cont.
11 (vi. 49. 1-2), On the connection between gnosis and contemplation in in the section 'Gnosis: die Termi Philo see also R. Reitzenstein, 317-18.
~=PISTIS, GNOSIS, COSMOLOGY, AND THEOLOGY | PISTIS, GNOSIS, C of God, torepov 5é avaBrébas els TOV obpavev os 5S emvyvods Oeov miotw...é€v b€ 70 mepl T Kpelrrova THs ToLnoEews kal mdons Tis ev adri ragews, mpoodapdowv dAAwy eyKpari)s voi
. rh yrGow 706 évds Kal pdvov Oe0d, Strom. v. 8. 6 (ii. g66 d-e.! Geometry also he 333. 4-8),1 cf. Strom. vi. 80. 3 (ii. 471. 29-30), ad? dv dppdevos the knowledge of the trut \ mnocsth i ¥ :
| » > = ~ ABpadp eis tiv Tod Kricavtos breavepy yraou, and Strom. i. 31. 2 dpa, & yevvate, yuyiis zpo (ii. 20. 9-10), ABpadp, éx Tis Tv otpaviwy Oéas petidy eis Thy oddov diavolas mpos 70 dv kata Gedy wiorw. The task of leading man away from sensible
Plato maintains that the things is allotted also to geometry (éxt Ta vonTa perariOnat | change or corruption, is dx6 rév alobnrev, Strom. vi. 90. 4, vol. ii. 477. 18-19), since it is
| rt yeyvopévov kat drodupe mainly concerned with objects which do not undergo any change, | yraots éort, Rep. vii. 527 ev 82 7H yewperpuch odalav abriy edb' cauriis Oewpav Kal eO.ldpevos
The same views can b ... voetvy Kal ovolay duerdBAnrov, érépav TOvde TOV owpdrwv | in Neoplatonism, and in odoar, Strom. vi. 80. 2, vol. ii. 471. 24-7). human mind, by contem The way in which Clement appreciates the encyclical disofthe universe, is able to ciplines is in perfect agreement with the Platonic tradition. ledge of its creator occur Already Plato, in the seventh book of the Republic, had specified
What Albinus says on the role of each discipline. According to him, dialectic enables | and geometry entirely ag the human mind to know the first principle, 7 dcaAexru1) .€080s
| of Clement and of Plat pdvn tabry mopeverar... én' adriy rip apyiy iva BeBaubonrar Kat first principles and of d 2. 70 Tis Puyis Oppa... pea eArer Kat dyer dvw, Rep. vii. 533
18); astronomy enables c-d.3 As to astronomy, Plato makes it clear that it must not be intelligible world and to studied for its own sake, but in order to reach the knowledge of (Did. 162. 22-8 and 30-2) what lies beyond the sensible world: 7 wept rv odpavov rrouctAia not undergo any change mapadelypacr ypnoréov ris mept exetva pabrjcews evexa, Rep. vii.
Good (Did. 161. 16-20).
529 d.4 It is the contemplation of the order of the universe that plation of heaven the sa produces religious faith in man:
88' éorév re rept Oedv dyovre els | Albinus, and Clement.3 A 1 On Clement's dependence on Philo in the section of Strom. v. 8. 5-6 dealing
© say that in the fifth t with Abraham (Abraham's original name was A8pap, which became ASpadp with | the addition of an a only after he reached the knowledge of God) see the refer- ' The passage of Timaeus go ences given by Stahlin, app. crit., vol. ii. 331, and Heinisch, 192-3. mpairn ris wuxis yéveots fv, 7 2 On Clement's appreciation of the encyclical disciplines see also W. Wagner,
6p0ot way 76 cpa. The human m j Wert und Verwertung der griechischen Bildung ..., E. de Faye, AEHE (Section des the whole human body to stand sciences religieuses, 1919), 1-10,J.Lebreton, RSR 18 (1928), 485-6, P. T. Camelot, idea is expounded by Clement RSR 21 (193), 38-66, and W. Vélker, 334-8. Clement's dependence on the section of Timaeus go a-d see Fe Platonic tradition has, however, not been sufficiently stressed by these scholars.
_." See, for instance, Opif. M. 70
Lebreton does not seem to like Clement's predilection for the encyclical disiii, 97 (i. 134. 27-9), and iii. 9 ciplines: 'Tout cela s'accorde mal avec I'Evangile' (art. cit. 485);
'ici encore, 21-5), De Post. C. 167 (ii. 37. 7-9 Vidéal chrétien est perdu de vue... En face de cette mystique, encore imparQuis Rer, divin. Her. 7g (iii. 19. 1 faitement dégagée du paganisme, on aime redire 4 Saint Paul, mystique admi11-13) and 179-80 (iii. 187. 18rable' (art. cit. 486).
Gen. ii. 34. On the presence in 3 See also Politicus 287 a, Siadextixwrépous Kal rAs TAY Sdww Ady SyAdocws i, 558-65. edperixwrépovs. Clement was probably thinking of this passage of Plato in Strom. i.
5 See Enn. i. 3. 4 (i. 64. 9-12 176. 3 (see Stahlin, app. crit., vol. ii. 108).
55) on the contemplation of hea 4 CE. A. J. Festugiére, La Révélation . .., ii. 132-3. ovdey dMo Kunfacra, ore épdv TW