The Monarchy, or the Rule of God
THE MONARCHY OR THE RULE OF GOD
And this the glory is of God Most High."
Nor was Aeschylus the only one well-versed in the knowledge of God, for Sophocles also had this to say of the One and Only God and Creator of all things:
'There is one God, in truth there is but one, Who made the heavens and the broad earth beneath, The glancing waves of ocean, and the winds;
But many of us mortals err in heart, And set up, for a solace in our woes, Images of the gods in stone and brass, Or figures carved in gold or ivory; And, furnishing for these, our handiworks,
Both sacrifice and rite magnificent, We think that thus we do a pious work."* Philemon, who wrote so much about ancient customs, also gave evidence of knowing something of the truth when he wrote:
'Tell me what thoughts of God we should conceive?
One, all things seeing, yet Himself unseen."
Even Orpheus, who invented three hundred and sixty gods, is a witness in my favor, for, in his work called The | Testaments, he seems to repent of his early error when he writes:
'T'll speak to those who lawfully may hear; All others, ye profane, now close the doors!
And, O Musaeus, hearken thou to me, 1 The translation of the Greek poets is that used by G. Reith in Roberts and Donaldson's Ante-Nicene Christian Library 2.330.
2 Ibid., p. 331.
3 Ibid.
SAINT JUSTIN MARTYR
Who offspring art of the light-bringing moon.
The words I tell thee now are true indeed, And if thou former thoughts of mine hast seen,
Let them not rob thee of the blessed life; But rather turn the depths of thine own heart
Unto that place where light and knowledge dwell.
Take thou the word divine to guide thy steps; And walking well in the straight certain path,
Look to the one and universal King, One, self-begotten, and the only One Of whom all things, and we ourselves, are sprung.
All things are open to His piercing gaze, While He Himself is still invisible; Present in all His works, though still unseen,
He gives to mortals evil out of good, Sending both chilling wars and tearful griefs;
And other than the Great King there is none.
The clouds forever settle round His throne; And mortal eyeballs in mere mortal eyes Are weak to see Jove, who reigns over all.
He sits established in the brazen heavens Upon His throne; and underneath His feet
He treads the earth, and stretches His right hand To all the ends of ocean, and around Tremble the mountain ranges, and the streams,
The depths, too, of the blue and hoary sea."* Indeed, he expressed himself as though he had seen the majesty of God with his own eyes.
Pythagoras, too, testified to the same thing when he wrote:
'Should one in boldness say, Lo, I am God!
Besides the One—Eternal—Infinite, 4 Ibid. a
THE MONARCHY OR THE RULE OF GOD
Then let him from the throne he has usurped Put forth his power and form another globe,
Such as we dwell in, saying, This is mine.
Nor only so, but in this new domain Forever let him dwell. If this he can, Then verily he is a god proclaimed.'® Chapter 3 Furthermore, from your own writers I can produce witnesses to testify that God alone has the power to judge man both for his actions in this life and for his failure to attain a knowledge of the Deity. First, listen to Sophocles, who says:
'That time of times shall come, shall surely come, When from the golden ether down shall fall.
Fire's teeming treasure, and in burning flames All things of earth and heaven shall be consumed; And then, when all creation is dissolved,
The sea's last wave shall die upon the shore, The bald earth stript of trees, the burning air
No winged thing upon its breast shall bear.
There are two roads to Hades, well we know; By this the righteous, and by that the bad,
On to their separate fates shall tend; and He, Who all things had destroyed, shall all things save.» And Philemon:?
'Think'st thou, Nicostratus, the dead, who here 5 Ibid., p. 332.
1 Ibid., p. 332.
2 Some critics attribute these verses to Diphilus.
To Greate & fersh i feeble buman opeeck* And Barinides-* 4 swofeld sx and ary there & xe Gad.
Sua. ak! Shere &: there & Then see that he Chatter £ Phikmon* acim & my wittes @ prove that God is not 3 Reh at ck, pm BER * Gemem af tksamima acces Gee eee: @ Dipdii
3 Beth, am ck, mn RR 2 Cement af dimamitr ami Ractius asige these venes @ Menander, a Runes. wiht sume main ccites Sink Sex
THE MONARCHY OR THE RULE OF GOD
appeased by the libations and incense of sinners, but justly punishes each one. Here are his words:
'If any one should dream, O Pamphilus, By sacrifice of bulls or goats—nay, then,
By Jupiter—of any such like things; Or by presenting gold or purple robes, Or images of ivory and gems; If thus he thinks he may propitiate God,
He errs, and shows himself a silly one.
But let him rather useful be, and good, Committing neither theft nor lustful deeds,
Nor murder foul, for earthly riches' sake.
Let him of no man covet wife or child, His splendid house, his wide-spread property,
His maiden, or his slave born in his house, His horses, or his cattle, or his beeves.
Nay, covet not a pin, O Pamphilus, For God, close by you, sees whate'er you do.
He ever with the wicked man is wroth, But in the righteous takes a pleasure still,
Permitting him to reap fruit of his toil, And to enjoy the bread his sweat has won.
But being righteous, see thou pay thy vows, And unto God the giver offer gifts.
Place thy adorning not in outward shows, But in an inward purity of heart; Hearing the thunder then, thou shalt not fear,
Nor shalt thou flee, O master, at its voice, For thou art conscious of no evil deed, And God, close by you, sees whate'er you do."
Even Plato, in his Timaeus, says: 'But if any one were to 2 Reith, op. cit., p. 334.
SAINT JUSTIN MARTYR
begin a profound study of these things, he would not be able to learn the distinction between the human and divine nature, for God can mix many things into one, and can return one back into many things (for such is His knowledge and power). But the man does not live, or ever shall live, who is able to perform such deeds."* Chapter 5 Menander, in his Auriga, speaks thus of those who believe they should be called by the holy and perfect name [of God], which name some have received by a vain tradition, as if they were gods:
'If there exists a god who walketh out With an old woman, or who enters in By stealth to houses through the folding-doors,
He ne'er can please me; nay, but only he Who stays at home, a just and righteous God,
To give salvation to His worshippers."
And the same Menander, in his Sacerdos, says:
'There is no God, O woman, that can save One man by another; if indeed a man, With sound of tinkling cymbals, charm a god
Where'er he listeth, then assuredly He who doth so ts much the greater god.
But these, O Rhode, are but the cunning schemes Which daring men of intrigue, unabashed,
Invent to earn themselves a livelihood, And yield a laughing-stock unto the age."* a 3 Timaeus 68D.
1 Reith, op. cit., p. 335
2 Ibid.
THE MONARCHY OR THE RULE OF GOD
Again, in his Odiosus, Menander proved that they who are considered gods are not gods at all:
'Yea, if I this beheld, I then should wish That back to me again my soul returned.
For tell me where, O Getas, in the world °Tis possible to find out righteous gods?"
And in his Depositum:
| 'There's an unrighteous judgment, as it seems, Even with the gods.'* Then there is the testimony of Euripides the tragedian, who says in his Orestes:
'Apollo having caused by his command The murder of the mother, knoweth not What honesty and justice signify.
We serve the gods, whoever they may be; But from the central regions of the earth
You see Apollo plainly gives response To mortals, and whate'er he says we do.
I him obeyed, when she that bore me fell Slain by my hand: he is the wicked man.
Then slay him, for *twas he that sinned, not I.
What could I do? Think you not that the god Should free me from the blame which I do bear?"®
Again, Euripides in the Hippolytus: 'But on these points the gods do not judge right.'® And in his Ion he says:
'But in the daughter of Erechtheus What interest have I? for that pertains Not unto such as me. But when I come 3 Ibid.
4 Ibid. p. 336.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
SAINT JUSTIN MARTYR
With golden vessels for libations, I The dew shall sprinkle, and yet needs must warn
Apollo of his deeds; for when he weds Maidens by force, the children secretly Begotten he betrays, and them neglects When dying. Thus not you; but while you may
Always pursue the virtues, for the gods Will surely punish men of wickedness.
How is it right that you, who have prescribed Laws for men's guidance, live unrighteously?
But ye being absent, I shall freely speak, And ye to men shall satisfaction give For marriage forced, thou Neptune, Jupiter,
Who over heaven presides. The temples ye Have emptied, while injustice ye repay.
And though ye laud the prudent to the skies, Yet have ye filled your hands with wickedness.
No longer ts it right to call men ill If they do imitate the sins' of gods; Nay, evil let their teachers rather be.'*
And in Archelaus: 'Full oft, my son, do gods mankind perplex.'® And in his Bellerophon: 'They are no gods, who do not what is right.''° And in another passage of the same play:
'Gods reign in heaven most certainly, says one; But it is false—yea false: and let not him
Who speaks thus, be so foolish as to use Ancient tradition, or to pay regard Unto my words: but with unclouded eye 7 The kald of the text is amended to the kakd of Euripides' text.
8 Reith, op. cit., p. 337.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
THE MONARCHY OR THE RULE OF GOD
Behold the matter in its clearest light.
Power absolute, I say, robs men of life And property; transgresses plighted faith;
Nor spares even cities, but with cruel hand Despoils and devastates them ruthlessly.
But they that do these things have more success Than those who live a gentle pious life;
And cities small, I know, which reverence gods, Submissive bend before the many spears Of larger impious ones; yea, and methinks
If any man lounge idly, and abstain From working with his hands for sustenance, Yet pray the gods; he very soon will know
If they from him misfortunes will avert."
And Menander in Diphilus:
— 'Therefore ascribe we praise and honor great To Him who Father is, and Lord of all:
Sole maker and preserver of mankind, And who with all good things our earth has stored."
Likewise, in his Piscatores, Menander says:
'For I deem that which nourishes my life Is God: but he whose custom tis to meet The wants of men—He needs not at our hands
Renewed supplies, Himself being all in all'* And in the Fratres:
'God ever is intelligence to those Who righteous are: so wisest men have thought.'
11 Ibid.
; 12 Not found in Menander's writings. Clement of Alexandria attributed these verses to Diphilus.
13 Reith, op. cit., p. 338.
14 Ibid.
SAINT JUSTIN MARTYR
And in his Tibicinae:
'Good reason finds a temple in all things Wherein to worship; for what is the mind,
But just the voice of God within us placed?"
And the tragedian, in his Phrixus, says:
"But if the pious and the tmpious Share the same lot, how could we think it just,
If Jove, the best, judges not uprighily?"* In the Philocietes:
'You see how honorable gain is deemed Even io the gods; and how he is admired Whose shrine ts laden most with yellow gold.
What, then, doth hinder thee, since it is good To be like gods, from thus accepting gain?"
In Hecuba:
~ 'O Jupiter! whoever thou mayest be, Of wkom except in word all knowledge fails;
Jupiter, whether thou art indeed A great necesnty, or the mind of man, I worship thee!"
Chapter 6 This, then, is a proof of virtue and of an ever-prudent — mind, to return to that twofold gift, namely, to practise
© prudence unto salvation, to choose the better things according to one's free will, and not to believe that they who have human passions are the masters of all, when they do not
THE MONARCHY OR THE RULE OF GOD
even seem to be endowed with power that other men possess.
Indeed, in Homer, Demodocus claims that he is self-instructed, when he says: "God inspired me with melodies,' though he was but a mortal. Aesculapius and Apollo learn the art of healing from Chiron the Centaur—What an innovation, for gods to learn from a man! Need I mention Bacchus, who, the poet claims, is mad? Or Hercules, who, he says, is miserable? Need I mention Mars and Venus, those teachers of adultery, and establish by means of all these the proof of my demonstration?
If someone through ignorance should imitate the actions which are said to be divine, he would be labeled an impure man, an outcast of human society. But if one does it knowingly, he will consider it logical to escape punishment by pointing out that it is no sin to imitate bold godlike actions. If one were to censure these deeds, he will remove from them the famous names, and he will not conceal them with plausible and specious explanations. We, therefore, must accept the true and unchangeable Name—the Name announced not only by my voice, but also by that of our first teachers. Yes, we must accept this Name, lest, by leading a slothful life now, we not only remain totally ignorant of the heavenly glory, but also show ourselves to be ingrates— and for this we must answer to the Eternal Judge.
1 Odyssey 22.347. Cf. also, 13.30.
V4 iy
INDEX Aesculapius, 56, 58, 60, 259, Aaron, rod of, 286, 292 Abdenago, 84 n. 2
Abel, 176 Abraham, 83, 235, 282, 303;
Agamemnon, 431 Agrigentum, Empedocles of,
Ajax, 432 Alcides, 376 Alcinous, 408 Alcmene, 259, 375 Alexander the Great, 380, 388 Alexander Polyhistor, 385 Alexandria, the famous Septuagint was translated at the museum in, 66 n. 1; 120 Allard, P., 28 Alms, collecting of — at Sunname changed from Abram to Abraham, 322; 344f., and passim. Cf. Circumcision Accusations against Christians, atheism, 38; anthropophagy (Thyestean feast), 63, 434; incest (Oedipodean intercourse), 63; infanticide, 63 Achaz, 212 Achelous, 434 Achilles, 61, 395, 402, 408, 413, 431 Acrisius, 58 Acta SS.. Justini et Sociorum, day services, 107 Aloeus, 376 Altaner, B., 10 n.9, 44 n.3
Amalec, 223, 291f.
Amasis, 384, 386 Amath, 180 Amazon, 431 Amen, the meaning of, 105 Ammon, 423 Ammonites, 332 Amos, 179; cf. Scriptures 9, 14 Acts, cf. Scriptures, Holy Adam, 68, 176, 289, 341, 422 Adonis, 60 Adrian, 107f., cf. Hadrian Adultery, 48 Advents, the two — of Christ, 89, 195, 226f.
Aeschylus, 439; — on unity of God, 444
INDEX goer 90, 107; —typified — bells on the priestly Al 211; and passtm Apostolic Fathers, 9 Apotheosis, 57 n.3
Appion, 384 Arabia, 101; the gold of, 199 Arabians, 198 Arbesmann, R., 9 nl Archambault, G., 140 Archelaus, 309, 378 Archestratians, 135 Areopagus, 399, 418 Aniadne, 56 Aridaeus, 406f.
Aristeas, 67 n.3
Aristides of Athens, 12 n.20
Aristobulus, 393 Aristophanes, 393 Anstotle, doctrines of, 379ff.; Amphytrion, 376 Amulets, used by magicians,
Ananias, 83 Anastasius, 17 n.52
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae,
Anaximander, 378 Anaximenes, 378 Angel, cf. Christ Angels, bad, 124; free will of, 127, 364; revolt of bad, 274£.
Anger, 50 Annunciation, 305 Anphilochus, 53. _ Anthropophagy, 24, 63, 132 nl Antinous, 65 Antiope, 61, 433 Antoninus Pius, 25, 26, 33 n.1, 388, 418 Arithmetic, 153 Arnobius, 58, 66 n.1, 124 Ascalon, 227 Ascension, 56; — of Christ, 61; 82 Ascension of Isaias, 334 Assyrians, 339 Astronomy, 153 Ate, the goddess of mischief, Apocryphal Gospels, 219 n2 Apollo, 53, 60, 377, 431, 451,
Apolledorus, 378 Apologists, Christian, 9 nl;
Atheism, 38 'The triumphal song' of, 47 n2 Apostle of God, ef. Christ Atheists, Christians are not, | 38; and passim
INDEX Athenagoras, 41 n.1, 63 n.6, Basilidians, 201 98 n.5, 396 n.1
Atreus, 434 Aubé, B., 19 Augean stables, 433 Augustine, St., 18, 127 nl, 129 nf, 397 m1 Augustus, 57 Auses, Osee, Jesus, Josue, 267 Azarias, 84 Azotus, 352 Batiffol, P., 15 n.42, 19 Bellerophon, 56, 93 Berosus, 420 Bery, A., 19 Bethel, 239 Bethlehem, 172 n.3
Bigamy, 48 n.5
Bihlmeyer, K., 9 n.2
Blood, — of circumcision and — of salvation, 183; — of Baal, 206, 359 Babel, tower of, 307, 410 Babylon, 326 Babylonian Captivity, 276 Christ, figures of, 319f.
Blunt, A.W.F., 27 Boanerges, 313 Bocchoris, 386 Body, human, the resurrection Bacchius, 23, 33 paccmms, 56, 58f:, 92,-259, 375, 392, 433, 455 Bad angels, revolt of, 274f.
Baptism, Trinitarian formula of, 54 Bosor, 186 Branches, fruitbearing — symbol of Christians, 318
Brettano, J., 394 n.1 of, 99; necessity of, 99; the ceremony of, 99; — is regeneration through Christ, 99; effect of, 100; — called photismés or illumination, 100; — imitated by demons, 101; Isaias announced, 101 Baptist Pharisees, 276 n.4
Briseis, 61, 431 Burning bush, 242 Busiris, 434 Butler, A., 1271.16, 13. n:22
Catsar,32, 37 Cain, 303 Caleb, 322 Caligula, 64 Cannibalism, 63 n.6
Capparetaea, 62 Caracalla, 57 Carians, 332 Carmel, the honor of, 260 Bardenhewer, O., 12, 19, 24,
Bardy, G., 15 n.39, 19, 28 Bar Kocheba, 67, 139, 148 n.1
Barnabas, Letter of, 78 n.1
Basilica, cut out of one stone,
INDEX tle of God, 45; — is our Teacher, 45f.; — was not a sophist, 47; — came to call sinners, 48; teachings of, 48ff.; 55ff., 64; the lineage of, 70; — was born of a virgin, 70; called Emmanuel, 70; — our Savior, 71; called Messiah, 72, 201; miracles of, 85; death of — foretold, 85f.; sufferings of —foretold, 86; two advents of, 89, 195f., 226f.; names of, 125; remission of' sin through blood of, 166f.; salvation of Jew and Gentile through, 186; — as Mediator, Helper, Redeemer, 192;
— as Son of Man, 193; power of — at second advent, 193f.; — is spoken of as a King, a Priest, God, Lord and Angel, a Man, a Leader, a Stone, a Begotten Son, 198; — foretold in psalm 46, 203f.; — foretold in psalm 71, 198f.; foretold in psalm 109, 197; — foretold in psalm "Dixit Dominus", 280; — predicted in twenty-first psalm, 301ff.; — is Lord of all, 202f.; called a Stone, Judge of all men, the Eternal King and Carnutum, 110 Carpenter, Christ worked as a,
Casamassa, A., 28 Castor, 385 Categories, Aristotelian, 17 Catholicity of Christianity, 23 T2339 Cave, 12 n.17
Gayre,
FF, 10.0.9)
12) EZ, 14°n.50, "15 "n.37, 170.30, 18 n.54, 24 n.8, 28 Ceillier, 13 Cerdo the Gnostic, 62 n.5
Ceres, 375, 432 Chalene, 180 Chalice, the Eucharist of the Bread and the, 328 Charito, martyr, 14 n.32
Chariton, martyr, 14 n.32
Charran, 241 Chastity, the virtue of, 47f.; cf. purity Chevallier, T., 28 Children, pagan sacrifice of,
Chiliastic theory of Justin, 275ff.
Chiron the Centaur, 455 Choice, free — of man, 42, 80,
Priest, 202; His enemies will be the footstool of, 203; the Lord of Hosts, 203, 282; His Name enlightens us, 207; types of — in Mosaic Law, Christ, the precepts of, 24; 36; as the Master, 36; 38; as the Logos, 38, 129; 40, 43, 45ff.; as the Son and Apos-
INDEX 208f.; end of Mosaic Law is, 212f.; every one's salvation only through, 214; — not merely of human origin, 220f.; — is distinct from the Father, 234ff.; as the Minister of the Father, 239; as Angel and Lord, 239; — is the beginning of all creatures, 244 n.1; Son, called
Wisdom of Solomon, 246; Incarnation of, 247f.; divine Name of, 267; power and majesty of, 268ff.; birth in a cave of, 272; Cross of Christ prefigured in the Old Testament, 285f.; — and the Holy Spirit, 288f.; Crucifixion of — foretold, 291f., 300, 312; — assumed our curse, 298f.; called Wisdom, Day, the East, Sword, Stone, Rod, Jacob, Israel, 304; —'s agony in the garden, 310; resurrection of — _ forshadowed, 314f.; —'s resurrection rejected by Jews, 315f.; figures of blood of, 319f.; sinless, 319; called the Passover, 319; — prefigured by Josue, 322f.; as Judge of living and dead, 330; various names of, 343f.; — called Glory, 347; power of His name in the Old Testament, 352f.; as King of Israel, 357; Noe a type of, 360; in — all men are'+iree, 3621. > "ct. Jesus Christ Christianity, catholicity of, 23 n.2; — is without revenge, 40; the principle of, 40 Christianoi, chrestés, chrestdtato1, 36 n.1
Christian philosophy, the only sure and useful philosophy,
Christians, heavenly kingdom the reward of, 43; — strive for peace, 43f.; accusations against — refuted, 38, 63, 434; — and Jews have the same God, 164; — are a holy people, redeemed by the Just One, 331; — the holy people promised to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Juda, 333; true children of God, 340f.; — pray for obstinate Jews 353f.; fruitbearing branches symbol of,
Chronicon of Eusebius,
and passim Chryseis, 431 Church, Eastern, rites of the, 105 n.3; many individuals make up one, 211; Rachel, the symbol of our, 356 Cimmerian land, 97 n.5
Circumcision, 176; Christian, 183f.; — given to Jews as a mark, 171f.; origin of,
INDEX Cornerstone, Christ as, 324 Covenant, the New, 164; the 174; Abraham received — for a sign, not justification itself, 183; why — is only a sign, 183; — began with Abraham, 217; — of Jews differs from that of Christian, 324; carnal and spiritual, 212; — in the flesh and salutary, 294; instrument used for, 324 precepts of the New — fit for all nations, 256 Cowper, William,
n.1, 395 n.2, 402 n.1, 404 nl, 411 n.11
Creatio ex nthilo, 42 n.2
Creation, 42, 62; — of man,
Creature, each — has own purpose, 80; Christ is the beginning of all —-s, Crescens, cynic philosopher, 13, 122 Crete, 135 n.2
Civil authorities, Christians acknowledge and pray for, a2 Civil obedience, observe, 52 Claudius, 57 n.3, 61, 95 Clement of Alexandria, 64 n.3, Christians Critias, 388 Cross, symbols of, 92ff.; figures 124 n.1, 393 n.2, 396 n.1, 448 n.4, 453 n.12
Clement, St., of Rome, 9 Codex, Regius, 26 n.15; Claroof, 292; curse of the cross a prediction of what the Jews would do, 299 Crucifixion, 78, 86, 93; — foretold, 291f., 300, 312, how curse of — is to be understood, 297f.; Jews rejected because of, 358
Cumaean Sibyl, 55; cf. Sibyl montanus, 26 n.15; Paris.
39 n.1, 369, 455; Arethas, 369; Argentoratensis, 427; Commodus, 33, 57 Common sense, the dictates of,
Conscience, peace of, 65; sinCuretes, the cunning, 432 Cureton, W., 427 n.2
Custom—unwritten Law, 355 ister, 296 Continency, the virtue of, 65; cf. chastity, purity n.2
Cyril of Alexandria. 396f.
Conversion, Christians for — of all men, 104f.
Cora, 104 n.1
Corinthians, cf. Scriptures Corinthus, 147 pray Daimon, the pagan meaning of, 37 n.1; cf. demons Damascus, 179; the power of,
INDEX 94f.; — instigated heresies, 96; influence on men of, 96; — tried to imitate baptism, Danaé, mother of Perscus, 56, 58, 254, 433 Danaus, 434 Daniel, 192ff., 268; understanding and counsel of, 287; and passim; cf. Scriptures Daphne, 433 Darius, 386 David, psalms of, 46 n.2; 68, 101; — chose their own name, 124; 130; — are gods of Gentiles, 275; exorcism of, 283; — to be destroyed,
Demonstratio of 390 n.4
Demosthenes, 388 De philosophia ex oraculis of Eusebius, 76, 211, and passim; cf.
Scriptures, Holy Day, cf. Christ Deacons, in Eastern and WestPorphyrius, 387 n.1
Deucalion, 126 Deuteronomy, cf.
Scriptures ern Church, 105 n.3
Death, not a state of insensiDevil, Satan, also called serpent, 64; chief of demons, 64; as serpent deceived Eve, 275; 327, 343, 410f.
De vita Moysis of Philo, 390 bility, 52; Christians' attitude toward, 132; Eve brought, 305 Debora, 240 Decision, premises for a just, n.3
Diana, 377, 433 Diodorus of Tarsus, 16 n.43
Diodorus, 385, 408 Diomede, 375
Deeds, righteousness is determined by, 183; divine — the password of our King, 436 Deification (apothéosis),
n.3
Dejaneira, 434 Demeter, 394 Demodocus, 455 Demoniacal influence, 37 and Dioscuri, the sons of Leda, 56 Diphilus, 447f., 453 Disciplina Arcani, 63, 99 Ditch of Homer, 53 Divination, children used for, 53; Eusebius and Tertullian on, 53 Divine Providence, 390 Divine Word, 43; cf. Word passim; cf. Demons Demoniacs and madmen, 53 Demons, 38, 57, 59, 61f., 64, Divorce, 48 82, 93; — mislead men,
INDEX Endor, witch of, 53 n.3
Enemies, Christian love and pray for their, 47ff., and passim Enoch, 68 n.6
Ephialtes, 376, 410 Ephraim, 180 Epicureans, 135 Epicurus, 127, 378 Epiphanius, St., 9, 12, 172 n.4
Erebos—darkness, 97 n.5
Erechtheus, 451 Esdras, passages deleted from, Dixit Dominus, explanation of psalm, 280 Docetists, 310 Doctrine, Christian, true and pure, 200; atheistic and blasphemous, 200 Dodona, 53 Dods, M., 26 n.19
Dove as symbol of the Holy Spirit, 290 Dreams, influence of demons on, 46 Dupuys, J., printer at Paris, 16, 26 n.17
263; 334 Eternal life, free will the basis East, the, Christ called, 304 Eastern Church, rites of, 105 for, 42 Ethics, Stoic, 127 Ethiopians, 198 Eucharist, desc:iption of Eucharistic assembly, 105; words of consecration of, 105f,; — after Sunday assembly carried to absentees by deacons, 105; figures of, 209f.; — foretold by Malachias, 328 n.3
Ebionite Gospel, or Praedicatio Pauli, 289 n.1
Ebionites, 276 n.2
Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius, 26; cf. Eusebius Edom, 186 Edomites, 190 Ehrhard, A., 19, 24 Eleazar, 67 n.2
Elements, the four, 378 Eleusinian mysteries, 432 n.1
Euelpistus, martyr,
n.32
Eumolpi, the father of Musaeus, 391 n.1
Eunuchs, difference of, 48 Elias, 83, 206, fear of, 287 Elizabeth, mother of John the Euripides, 76 n.2, 439; — on Baptist, 282 El=power, 342 Emmanuel, Christ called, 70 Empedocles, 53, 378 future judgment, 448; — on vanity of false gods, 451 Euripus in Chalcis, 419 Europa, 433
INDEX Eusebius, 12, 13 n.24, 14 n.29, Fool, Gentiles like a, 228 Form, human erect — symbol 15, 25, 26; — on divination, De odes) 62 hih.3.5
-n.1, TG tts LL. ben.) 113 n.l, 387 n.1, 390 n.4, 393 n.2, 396 n.1, 397 n.1, 403 n.d, 439, 448 n.1
Eve, death brought to this world by, 305; 341 Exodus, cf. Scriptures Exorcism, 283 of the cross, 94 Fornication, 48 Fortunatus, 264 n.1
Fortune-teller, ignorant, 161 Free will, man has, 80, 120; men and angels have, 364 Freppel, Ch.E., 19 Friihchristliche A pologeten, 12 n.18
Fumigation, used by magicians, 283 Funk, F.X., 16 n.43
Exorcists, the instruments used by, 283 Exposure of children, pagan — is murder, 65 Furies, 434 Ezechias, 197 Ezechiel, cf. Scriptures Gabriel, the angel, 305 Galatians, cf. Scriptures Fables, pagan, 259 Galileans, 276 n.4
Ganymede, 57, 61, 433 Geffcken, J., 28 Genesis, cf. Scriptures Genistae, 276 n.4
False Christs, 279 False Christians, Christ should not be judged by, 279 Fasting, the real meaning of, 170f.
Fatalism of Stoics, 79 n.1, 148 Gentiles, Jews and, 90f.; the n.d Father, the Ineffable, 345 crimes of, 298; conversion foretold, 313, 349; yentile converts more faithful than Jews, 350 Geéras=stranger, 336 n.1
Geth, 180 Ghost, Holy, 154; gifts of, 287; and passim Fathers, Latin, 264 n.1
Felix, Prefect of Alexandria,
Final conflagration of world,
Flavia Neapolis, 9, 10, 23, 33 Flavius Josephus, The Jewish Gitta, Simon of, 61 Glimm, F.X., 9 n.3
Antiquities of, 385
INDEX Hades, 97 n.5, 303 Hadrian, 33, 40, 57, 65; ReGnostics, 62; Valentinian, 201 script of, 108 Hands; outstretched, symbol of n.6; 276; antinomian, 364 n2 Gobarus, Stephen, 369 God, — is cause of existence of all, 10 n.10; — is always the same, 10 n10; to form a the Cross, 292 Harnack, A., 16 n.43, 19, 26 Hate, power of separation, 378 Heart, lamentation of the, 90; circumcision of the 204f Hector, 374, 402, 413, 431 Helen, 408, 431 Helena, 62 : ae '
| he & ie Bg ae BE | p i
Hell, 55, 57, 64: the eternal fires of, 215 Hellenians, 276 n.4
Hemero-Baptists, 276 n.4
Henoch, 176 Heracles, bishop of Alexandria, 12 n.20
Heraclitus, 83, 127f., 378 4508.
=a a 61 a3. Pies and Gnostics are, 200f Hermaphrodites, 64 Hermes, 52 n.1
Herod, 67, 76, 272, 309 Herodians, 276 2.4
Grabe, 46 n2. 67 n2, 79 ni, 92 n4 Grace, God's — needed to Saersand Scriptures, 294,
INDEX Hesiod, 377, 432 Hezekiah, 213, 258, 270, 280 Hierax, martyr, 14 n.32
Hippasus of Metapontus, 378 Historia ecclesiastica, 53 n.2; Idolatry, the sins of, 179 Idumaeans, 332 Ignatius, St., of Antioch, 9 Illumination, baptism called,
cf. Eusebius History of Appion, 384 History of Attica of Philochorus, 385 History of Egypt of Ptolemy, Immortality, of soul, 53; — of the body, 54 Inachus, 384 Incarnation, 247 Incest, 63
History of the Greeks, PoleIndia, 153 mon's, 384 History of Chaldaea of BeroInfanticide, 63
Innocents, holy — slain at Bethlehem, 309 Interpretation of Scriptures, 2d 4 sus, 420 Holy Family, flight into Egypt of, 272 Holy Land, 332 Holy Name of Christ, 207 Holy Writ, 303, cf. Scriptures Iole, Hercules' love for, 434 n.3
Irenaeus, St., 15, 62 n.3, 264 Homer, ditch of, 53; 58, 374ff., 380f., 391; monotheism of, 394f., 402; —'s debt to the Prophets, 408ff. ; —'s debt to Moses, 412f., 431f., 455 Horace, 56 Horeb, Mount, 164, 255 Hubik, K., 25 n.12, 28 Hur, 292 Hyacinth, 433 Hystaspes, 55 n.3; — and the millennium, 277-25 Ismael, 332 Isaias, 69; knowledge of, 287; cf. Scriptures Israel, significance and etymology of the name, 341f.
Ixion, 375 Jacob, the Patriarch, 226; 240ff.; — and the ladder, 285; his marriages a figure of the Church, 355f.
Japheth, 361ff.
Jahve, 385 Ideas, Platonic theory of, 10f.
Idle worship, 41
INDEX Jonas, resurrection foreshadowed by, 314f.; cf. Scriptures Jordan, H., 19 Jordan River, 288 and passim Joseph, 180 Josephus, 67, 385f.; 390 Josue, — son of Nun, 222; 246; — a figure of Christ, 322f.; at prayer of — the sun stood still, 352; cf.
Scriptures Judaea, a Roman province, 33 Jeremias, 91 n.3, 180; passages deleted from 263; cf. Scriptures Jerome, St., 10, 172 n.4, 389 n.l Jerusalem, Christ and Christians will joyfully congregate with Patriarchs, Prophets and the Saints of old at, 275; and passim Jesus, name of an _ alleged priest in Babylon, 326 Jesus, cf. Christ n.d Judaizers, 218f.
Judge, the, cf. Christ Judgment, should be based on Jews, misconception of, 67; persecution of Christians by, 67; Gentiles and, 90f.; — and Christian have the same God, _ 164; calumnies of — _ against Christians, 173f.; 188; —'s hatred of Christians, 206f.; — after conversion, called kinsmen, 219; — rejected because of crucifixion, 358; Justin exhorts — to repent,
truth, and truth alone, 23; fair, 35; future — proved from pagan writings, 477f.
Julian the Apostate, 106 n.3
Julius Caesar, 57 Juno, 375ff., 433 Jupiter, the licentiousness of, S55, OTL, JUL Sots at:
Latiaris, 132 n.3; 259, 374f., 413, 432ff., 454 Jupiter Capitolinus, seat of Cumaean Sibyl, 55 n.1
Justice, a mighty torrent, 179; Job, 310, cf. Scriptures Joel, cf. Scriptures John, cf. Scriptures John the Baptist, precursor of — is concerned with God and man, 296 Justification, not by Jewish rites but by repentance in baptism is, 168ff.; only through Christ one will attain, 189f.
Christ, 221f.; a Prophet, the forerunner, the herald of Christ, 224; foretold by Isaias, 224; Elizabeth, mother of, 282; 288f.
John of Damascus, 17 n.52
INDEX Justin, St., — is the outstandaccusation of atheism, 38ff.; — explains why Christians ing apologist in the second century, 9; as fearless defender of faith, 9; date of birth of, 9; — of GrecoRoman ancestry, 10; excellent education of, 10; thirst for knowledge of, 10; reasons of — for leaving the Pythagoreans, 10 n.11; the travels of, 10; Platonic ideas, their influence on, 11; practical reasons for conversion of, 11f.; — not a priest, nor deacon, but layman, 12f.; probable reason for decapitation of, 14; the works of, 15f.; original edition of the works of, 16; first Latin translation of the works of, do not offer sacrifices to the gods, 41f.; — _ explains Christian worship of God, 42, 45; — explains that Christians expect not a human kingdom, 43; — warns
Romans not to be misled by the demons, 46f.; — explains Christ's teaching concerning chastity, 47ff.; — speaks of marriage, bigamy, adultery, 48; — speaks of Christian virtue of patience, 50f.; — states that Christians respect civil authority,
52; — refers to Christians' payment of taxes, 52; — speaks of immortality of the soul and refers to the oracles of Amphilochus, Dodona, Apollo, to the writings of Empedocles, Pythagoras, Plato, Socrates, the ditch of Homer, the descent of Ulysses, 53; — avers the future destruction of the world by fire as foretold by the Sibyl, Hystaspes, and the Stoics, 55; — explains the virginbirth of Christ, 56; — states that the Word was begotten of the Father, 58, -— avers that the Word is distinct from Him, 347f.; — condemns pagan idolatries, 60; — accuses Romans of honoring demons as gods, 61f.;
16; — as a trustworthy witness, 16f.; the literary form of the works of, 17; the terminology of, 17; reconciliation of faith with reason attempted by, 17; title Doctor of the Church merited by, 17 n.50; Photius' appraisal of, 17 n.52; virtues of the Apostles and, 18; addressees of First Apology of, 33; — identifies himself as a Christian, 33;—states his genealogy, 33; — demands just hearing for accused Christians, 34f.; — denies that Christians should be condemned only because of their name, 36; — refutes
INDEX — explains why Christians condemn the exposure of children, 63ff.; — refutes the accusations of incest and anthropophagy, 63; — describes Satan as the chief of demons, 64; — proves the divinity of Christ from the Messianic prophecies, 66ff., 231ff.; — claims that the demons urged on the heretics, 96; — proves that Plato borrowed from the Prophets, 97; —'s explanation of the Sacrament of Baptism, 99f.; — speaks of the Eucharistic assembly, 104ff.; — accuses Urbicus of injustice, and Crescens of ignorance, 1f9ff.; —'s teaching on suicide, 123; — claims that God is deferring day of doom because of the Christians, 126; — _ expounds Christian doctrine on Hell, 128f.; — calls Christ the Perfect Logos, 129f.; —'s teaching on the seminal word, 133f.; —'s meeting with Trypho, 147; — continues to wear philosopher's robe after his conversion, 147; — describes his philosophical studies, and the beginning of his conversion, 149ff.; —'s conversation with the old man at the seashore, 151ff.; — answers Trypho's complaint that Christians do not observe the Mosaic Law, 162f.;—claims that the New Testament abted the Old, 163ff.; — teaches that justification is gained by repentance and baptism, 168ff.; — states man can only be saved through Christ, 189f.; — describes true fasting, 1708. ; — complains the Jews spread calumnies against the Christians, 173f.; — says the Jews hate the Christians, 206f.; —'s tracing the ongin of circumcision and of the Mosaic Law, 175f., — speaks of the law of meats, 177; — discusses the sabbath, 178; — speaks of sacrifices and oblations, 179f.;— explains Christian (spiritual) circumcision, 183f.; — tells of the two advents of Christ, 195f.; — proves that Christ fulfilled the prophecies of the Psalms, 198ff.; — points out types of Christ in the Mosaic Law, 208f.; — shows how the offering of flour was a figure of the Eucharist, 209f.; — states that the saints of the Old Testament were saved through Christ, 215; — says that pagan fables imitated Christian truths and the Mithraic mysteries were imitations of the prophecies, 259ff.; — com-
INDEX plains of Jewish deletions from the Sacred Text, 264ff.; — while speaking with Trypho promises to write down later their conversation, 276; —'s view of the millennium, 275ff.; — enumerates the various figures of the Cross, 292f.; — defends the resurrection of Christ against the Jews, 314ff.; — pleads with Trypho and his Jewish friends to repent, 359f.
Works (genuine, doubtful):
Against Marcion, 15; menLetter to Zena and Serenius, 15 n.42
Monarchy or Rule of God, translated, 439-455; introduction to, 437; not from the pen of Justin, 437 On the Resurrection, fragments, 15 n.37
On the Soul, 15f.; lost, 15 Questions to the Gentiles, 16 Refutation of Some Aristotelian Dogmas, 15
Second Apology, translated, 119-135; date of origin of, 115; reason for composition of 15; addressees of,
15; precedes the First Apology in MSS, 26; 334 n.6
Syntagma against all Heretioned by St. Irenaeus, 15 Answers to the Orthodox,
Christian Questions to the Gentiles, 15f.
Dialogue with Trypho translated, 147-366; and passim tis Discourse to the Greeks, translated, 427-436, Exhortation to the Greeks, translated, 369-423 Exposition of True Faith,
First Apology, translated, 33-111; purpose of, 23; exposition of, 24f.; place and date of origin of, 25f.; — is preceded by Second Apology in MSS, original ed. and first Latin translation, 26; 334 n.6; 264 n. stes, 15; lost, 15 The Psalmist, 15f.; lost, 15 Justinian, 64 n.4
King, Christ the, passim Kings, cf. Scriptures Kiss of peace, 63, 105 n.1
Knowledge, sense, 153; — of
and the mind, 153f.
Kruger, G., 26, 27, 28, 35 n.1
Laban, 239, 355f.
Lactantius, 36 n.1, 37 n.1, 92 132, 263 n.1, 420 Lagrange, M.J., 17 n.50, 18 n.57,°19,; 28 Laius, 434 Lamb, the mystery of, 208; cf.
Christ
INDEX Luke, cf. Scriptures Lumen de lumine, 244 Luza, 240 Lamentations, cf. Scriptures Latin Fathers, 264 n.1
Latona, 60, 375, 377.
Law, divine, the world ruled Magi, 271ff., 288 Magic, tricks of, 46; miracles by, 124; a new —, another testament, 183; Mosaic, 198f.; unwritten — and custom, 355 n.2; the first written, 385
Leader, cf. Christ Leblanc, J., 19 Lebreton, J., 19 Leda, 56, 433 Letter to Diognetus, not from and, 260 n.5
Magical Arts, 58f.
Magicians, 53 Malachias, 190; — announced Eucharist of the Christians, 328; cf. Scriptures Mamre, the oak of, 231ff.;
Man, the endowments of, 65; Justin, 15 n.37; 126 n.1
Leviticus, cf. Scriptures Lia, symbol of the synagogue, the free will of, 289 Manna, 178 Marah, 285 Maran, Prud3y 12,015;515,, 39 aoe.
Libanus, 199; the glory of, 260 Liberianus, martyr, 14 n.32
Life, sinful, monotony of, 95 Logos, 38, 47, 69; Christ, 120; 8.15539 0.1; 46 n2. 40 a2, 26 a2, 59 n 260s ns Gr n.2, 71 n3, 92 0.4.95 12 98.-n.2,, 101, nls 10a, 122 nil, 125 ni1,/389 nf Marcion of Pontus, 62, 96; teacher of Markianoi, 201 Marcus Annius Verus (Mar130f.; divine generation of, 244; — is distinct from the Father, 347f.; — is enkindled from Father as lumen de lumine, 244, 348 Légos spermatikés and Ho Pas cus Aurelius), 33 n.1
Marcus Aurelius, 25, 57; episLogos, 38 n.3
Lord, — of Sabaoth, 195; — tle to the senate, 115, 121 Marcus Pompeius, 139, 160,
Mark, cf. Scriptures Markianoi, not disciple of Mark, 201 Marique, J.-F., 9 n.3 of Hosts, 317 Love, power of union, 378 Lot, a Chaldaean, 91; 176 Lucius Ceionius Commodus, Sa Ne Lucius, a Christian martyr, P21,
INDEX
Marpessus, Sibyl of, 55 n.1
Meton, 378 Marriage, second, 48 n.5; proMicheas, — foretold convercreation the purpose of, 65
Mars, 375f.; young and handsion of Gentiles, 313; cf.
Scriptures Middle Ages, 420 n.1
Migne, 46 n.2, 59 n.2, 369, some, 434; 435, 455 Martindale, C.C., 19 Martyrdom of Isaias, 334 Mary, Virgin, Annunciation of the Birth of Christ to,
Matter, shapeless, 42 Matthew, cf. Scriptures Meats, the law of, 177 Melanippe, 432 Melchisedech, 176, 196ff., 323, 427, 439 Millennium, opinion of Justin not universally shared by Christians, 276; — proved by Isaias and St. John, 277f.,
Mind, the Supreme, 154 Minerva, — considered as first conception of God is ridiculous, 104; 375, 433
Minister, Christ called the —
Melito of Sardis, 109 n.1 of the Father, 239 Minos, 40, 375 Minucius Felix, 63 n.3
Minucius Fundanus, 108 Miracles, performed to show Apostles,' the 'Memoirs of 304, 311ff.
Menander, the magician, 56; that Jesus is the Messiah,
Misach, 84 n.2
Misael, 84 Mithras, mysteries of, 106; imitations of prophecies,
ie ase Mnaseas, 284 Mnesarchus, 378 Moabites, 190 Moeller, W., 25 n.12
Moloch, 179 Monarchians, 347 Monarchy, the rule of God, the teachings of 62, 95, 439, 448; vanity of false gods, 450ff.
Menelaus, 408 Menes, Justin confuses here Moses with, 385 n.1
Meno, 414f.
Mercury, 56, 423 Meristae, 276 n.4
Mesopotamia, 240 Messiah, Christ called, 72, 201 and passim; the Son of Man,
Messianic prophecy, 68ff.
443 ff.
INDEX Nathan, 330 National Library of Paris, Codex Regius is at, 26 n.15
Navigation, skill in, 153 Neptune, 124, 375, 377, 432 Neocles, 378 Nereids, 432 Nero, 36 n.2
Nerva, 57, 65 n.1
Nessus, 434 New-born, exposing of, 63 n.6
Nicene Creed, 244 n.2
Nicostratus, 447 Nile River, 65 n.2
Nineve, 315 Nimevites, 314 Noe, 126; the father of our Monogamy, 355 n. 1
Monotheism, in writings of .
S91ff.; in oracles of the Sibyl, 393ff.; in Ikad of Homer, 394f.; in writings ings of Pythago i writings of Plato, 397, 402 Mosaic Law, why Christians do not observe, 175; ongin of, 176; 198; now useless for salvation, 2168.
Moses, first of the Prophets, 68, 176; 71, 92, 98; God apthe brazen serpent, 297; antiquity of — testified to by Greek writers, 384ff_; pagan oracles attested, 387: older than pagan race, 176; a type of Christ,
Noetus, 347 n.2
Numbers, cf. Scriptures Oak of Mourning, 240 Oath, the well of, 240f.
Oblations, origin of, 179ff.
Oedipodean intercourse, 63 Oedipus, 434 Ogyges, 384 Olives, Mount of, 303, Mount 388; Plato's debt to, 4ilff.; 415; Homer's debt to, 412f.
Mountain, the holy — of God,
Munacius Felix, 83 Murder, exposing children is,
Musaeus, 391, 445 Music, skill in, 153 MuSonius, 128 Olivet, 309 Omphale, 434 One, the number, 378 sees of Sibyls, 420 £; cf.
Nablous,
Name, without deeds a — is an empty shell, 24; the — Origen, 18, 130, 190 of Chnst enlightens us, 207
INDEX Orpheus, 391, 394, 439; unity Patience, virtue of Christian, of God, 445 Osee, 176, Josue, Jesus, 267
Paul of Samosata, 347 n.2
Pautigny, L., 28 Peace, kiss of, 105 n.1; abunn.2; cf. Scriptures Ossa, 410 Otto, J.C.T., von, 15, 16 n.47, dance of, 198 Pegasus, 56, 93 Peleus, 393, 431 mf ho), pe ewon nt, 39) 1.1, 92 n.4, 369, 427, 439 Otto, R., 19 Otus, 376, 410 Pelion, 410 Pelops, 434 Penance, importance of Perionius, Joach., O.S.B.,
n.25, 16, 26 n.17
Peripatetics, 10, 149 Perseus, 56, 58, 93, 254, 262, Paeon, martyr, 14 n.32
Pagan Idolatries, 60 Pagan immoralities, 64 Pagan mythology, origin of, Of.
Pallas, 377 Pallium of the Philosophers, Peter, St., 61 Pfattisch, J.M., 17 n.53, 19, 24 147 n.2
Pamphilus, 449 Papias of Hierapolis, belief of n./, 26 Niel, 27,628, oO) nd Phares, 333 Pharisees, 307 Pharos, 389 Philaemidians, 135 Philaenis, 135 n.3
Philaenidians, 135 Philemon, 439; — on unity of — in millennium, 277 n.5
Parchment, sacred letters upon, 217 Passion, unreasonable, slaves of, 91 Passover, truly a type of Christ, 208; Christ called the, 319 Patriarchs — and Prophets and the Saints of old will 36f. ; God 445; — on future judgment, 447; 448 Philip the Deacon, 61 Philo, 67, 347, 385f., 390 Philochorus, 385 Philology, different meaning oleate Phoebus, 377 congregate joyfully with Christ and His followers,
Patroclus, 374
INDEX through fear, 399; — contradicts himself, 401; the opinion of Creator and creation, of, 401ff.; — read the Prophets, 405, 413; —'s opinion of the judgment, 406;
—'s debt to Moses, 411f., 415; — knew of the Holy Spirit, 414f., 418, 420f., 439,
Platonists, 148 n.6, 149 Pluto, 376, 432 Philédpsophos, __philokompos, phildsophos, 122 n.3
Philosophers, called pious men, 34; — borrowed from the Prophets, 81; holy men are the philosophers, 149 Philosophy, one's greatest possession is,
n.10, 149; Justin's inclination for, 10; the only sure and_ useful — is the Christian, 11; — most precious in sight of God, 149; the study of, 150; every man should study, 152; — alone produces happiness, 152; — as a clear understanding of, truth, 152 Phoenix, 375, 395 Photismés, illumination, baptism, 100 n.5
Photius, 17 n.52, 18 n.58, 369 reliable not Poets, Greek, teachers, 374ff.
Polemon, 384 Polycarp, St., 9 Polydamna, 408 Polygamy, 355 n.1
Polytheism, 400f.
Polyxena, 431 Pompeius, 365 Pontius Pilate, 46, 76, 83; Acts n.1, 396 n.1
Phrygians, 433 Pindar, 56, 406 of, 85; 100, 269, 307 and passim Pope, Alexander, 408 n.1, 409 Pirithotis, 375 Place of Christ's Birth, 71 Plato. 15.327, t,.25.. hopes n.5, 410 n.6
Porphyrius, 387 n.1, 403 n.5
Posidonius, 384 Potérion, 105 n.2
Powers of the Prophets, 287f.
Praedicatio Pauli, 289 n.1
Praeparatio of Eusebius, 387 40f., 53, 55, 81; — borrowed from Moses, 97f.; doctrine of the cross in, 98; 123, 125, 130, 132, 154; destruction of world according to, 157; — a bulwark of philosophy, nel Prayer, Christians pray for friend and foe, 201; Justin's — for enlightenment, 373 158; doctrines of, 379ff.; 388, 391, 393; monotheism of, 397, 402; — ambiguous
INDEX Praxeas, 347 n.2
Precepts, Mosaic, 211 Quirinius, 71, 272 Rabbis, sepaes polygamy and, Priest, Christ called, 198 Priscus, 33 Procne, 434 Prodicus, 131 n.1
Prophecy, gifts of prophecy transferred to Christians, 278f.
Prophets, — blessed by God, 350) fi.) Rachel, 273; a symbol of our Church is, 356 Rahab, the harlot of Jericho,
Rama, 273 Raphan, 179 Rauschen, G., 12, 15 n.37, 16 11; 66ff., 159; holy and false, 278f.; the gift of, 287; n.46, 24, 26 n.21, 26, 28, 35 n.1,37 n.1, 39 n.1, 44 n.1
Reality, virtue as well as vice Plato's debt to, 406, 413; Homer's debt to, 408ff.; — should be heeded, 422 Proselytes, 275, 336 n.1
Proserpine, 60, 104 n.1, 432 Prostitution, 63; taxes for, 64 is a, 65 Reason, faith and, 17; demands of sane, 23f.; all is ruled by, 152 Rebecca, 240 Regeneration, baptism is — through Christ, 99 Relations, sexual, after, 216 Reincarnation, 155f.
Reith, G., 445 n.1, 448 n.3, n.4
Proverbs, cf. Scriptures Providence, God's, 65, 148 Psalm, twenty-first psalm forewashing told Christ, 301ff.
Psalms, cf. Scriptures Ptolemaeus, a Christian mar449 n.2, 450 n.6, 451 n.3, 452 n.8, 453 n.13
Repentance, necessary for saltyr, 121f.
Ptolemy Philadelphus, King of Egypt, Septuagint prepared through, 66f., 262; 389f.
Ptolemy the Mendesian, 384 Purity, the virtue of, 48; cf. vation, 365 Resurrection of Christ, 53ff.; — of human body, 54; — foreshadowed by history of Jonas, 314f.; — rejected by Jews, 315f.
Revelation, 38 n.3
Revenge, Christians don't take, chastity Pythagoras, 10, 53, 149f., 378, 391; monotheism of, 396, 446, 439
INDEX Satan, 64; the etymology of Rhadamanthus, 40, 375 Rite, wicked and atheistic, 201 the word Satanas, 310 kom Saturn, 132 n.2, 432 Riviére, G., 28 Robe, His, symbolic meaning Saturnilians, 201 of, 69 Roberts and Donaldson, 445 Satires, the, the cymals of, 434 Scapegoat, the practice of using a, 209 n.1
Rock of living water, 325 Rod, Christ called, 304 Romans, cf. Scriptures Romulus, 57 Ruben, 333 Rufinus, 108 n.1
Rulers, the duty of righteous, Scriptures, the tremendous majesty of the words of the, 13; — understood by grace of God, 294; Jewish interpretations of — are incorrect, 338ff.
Scriptures, Holy, ae Rusticus, 14 Quotations from or references to Biblical writers or Biblical books e ae Ta ee eT OE! ye Be yf Roe ee Saba, 198 Sabbath, purpose of, 176; oriActs, 42 nl
Amos, 180 n.1
Apocalypse, 278 n.4 gin of, 178 Sachunchis, Egyptian giver, 385 Sacrament, — of Baptism, 99f; lawCorinthians, 200 n.2
Daniel, 84 n.2, 88 n.3, 170 n.3, the Eucharist, 105f.
Sacrifice, God does not need 194 n.1, 195 n.2, 261 n.2, 268 n.1, 268 n.2, 274 nl, 317 n.2, 331 nl Deuteronomy, 80 n.1, 99 n.6, any, 179 Sadducees, denied resurrection of the body from the dead, 276 n.4
Salvation, man's only — through Christ, cf. Christ Samaria, the spoil, 213 Samuel, 53, 282 Sara, 232, 235; name changed, 172 n.l, 177 n.2, 178 n5, 217 n.2, n.6, 230 n.1, 230 n.2, n.3, 290 n.1, 293 n.l, n.2, 295 n2, 298 n.1, n.l, 332 n.6, 335 n.2, n.2, 345 n.9, 349 al, 350 al, Si ak 363 n.4
322; 344 Sardanapalus, 127
INDEX Exodus, 101 n.2, 102 n.4, 103 Hebrews, 45 n.1, 334 n.4
Isaias, PUT) Neth 72; Rk, nA, 217° n.2, 223 n.8, m2, 242° 1.3; 243) n.1, Dale eoy 1.3,) 265--n.
1, n.l, 344 n.1, 345 n.2, mo ig? nts, 191ml. 210
V2paiy, i le 48 fee 14 n.3, 74 n.4, 74 n.1, 75 n.2, 19-n.1, 81, nit G2" mist So n.2, 85$n.16789 or, 86 in. ts 86 'n.2, 86 n.1, 37 7.25.87 n.2, 411 n.1, 412 n.2
88 n.1, 89 n.2, 89 We; Goh ple ot 102) nt 103 165 n.1, 165 170. Dodge
173 n.273
£75.15
184 n.3, 186 187 n.2, 187 188 n.4, 196
Wie toe.
227, 25t Zoe
Nos
14 We
Soy,
n.3, n.2; n.6, n2, n.2, Tes n.4, n.2, mele Ezechiel, 89 n.J, 177 n.4, 179 Pees 2.41215 n.1-.719
Biel? wei2/) n.2..279
Boas, ROS) 2.2, 0339 n.7, 363 n.4, 414 n.1
Galatians, 298 n.1
Genesis, 68 n.1, 92 n.3, 97 n.3, 98 n.4, 104 n.2, 163 n.2, 176 me. ijn, t/7 0,4, 185 je 22) Ol 227.0.4, 228 Moe et it, Zab n.l 231 Wee. 22) td, 2ossiLs, 290 no, 234 0.6, 235 n.9, 235 Gav eeso Hit, 256° 0.12, poe tio, 24/ 0-14, 237 1-15,
240 n.2,
Oe. 900
n.3, 319
Mosse
338 n.3, 339
me)
360 n.1, 365° n:3, 363 m5
INDEX n.11, 52 n.1, 55 n.1, 55 n.2, 69 n.2, 70 n.l, 71 nl, 72 n.5, 75 n.6, 99 n.2, 102 n.2,
Jeremias, 91 n.3, 164 n3, n.l, 181 n.2, 189 nl, n.2, 202 n.1, 263 n.2, n.3, 325 n.5, 325 n.6, n.5, 363 n.1
Job, 214 n.2, 275 n4
106 n.2, 165 n.3,
174 n.6, 200 n.l,
200 n.4, 222 n.2,
222 n.5, 226 n.l,
269 n.7, 269
271 n.2, 296
303 n.1, 303
304 n.2, 304
306 n.2, 307
312 n.3, 314
321 n.3, 326
336 n.2, 342
n.2, 343 n3, 355 364 n.6
Micheas, 71 n.1, 271 n.2, 317 Joel, 90 n.4, 288 n3 John, 99 n.3, 289 n.2, 309 n.2, 312 nl Jonas, 315 n4 Josue, 247 n.3, 323 n.2, 352 n.1
Kings, 206 n.1, 286 n.5, 330 n.4, 353 n.2, 414 n.2
Lamentations, 94 n.3
Leviticus, 172 n.2, 209 nl, 355 n.2
Luke, 49 n.8, 49 n.10, 49 n.12, n.l, 318 n4 Numbers, 69 n.4, 98 n.2, 98 49 n.14, 52 n2, 69 n2, 71 n.2, 102 n.3, 106 n.2, 165 n.3, 174 n.6, 174 n.7, 209 n.2, 222 n.2, 226 n.1, 269 n.9, 278 n.5, 290 n.3, 300 n.2, 304 n2, 305 n4, 306 n.2, 310 n6, 312 n2, 355 n3 n.3, 217 nl, 223 n.6, 267 n.2, 313 n.1, 345 n8 Osee, 170 n.2, 176 n.3, 309 n.3, 331 n.2
Proverbs, 245 n.3, 348 n.3
Psalms, 72 n.4, 75 n.3, 75 n.4, 75)85,176 ah, W7on2e n.3, 78 n.1, 83 n.1, 88 n.2, 93 nS, 18h n3, 190 "5, 192 n.2, 196 n.5, 197 n.1, 197 n.2, 198 n.1, 198 n.2, 199 n.3, 203 n.2, 203 n.3, 204 n.l, 204 n.2, 206 n.1, 207 n.2, 211 n.2, 230 n3, 234 n.7, 234 n.8, 237 n.1, 248 n.3, 248 n.4, 248 n.5, 250 n.l, 250 n.2, 250 n.3, 251 n.4, 259 n.3, 264 n.1, 265 Malachias, 190 n4, 221 n.1, 328 n.1
Mark, 51 n.6, 69 n.2, 106 n_2, 210 n.3, 229 n.3, 270 n.10, 304 n.2
Matthew, 48 n.1, 48 n.2, 48 n.3, 48 n4, 48 n.5, 48 n6, 49 n.7, 49 n9, 49 nil, 49 n.13, 49 n.15, 50 n.16, 50 n.17, 50 n.18, 50 ni, 50 n.2, 50 n.3, 50 n4, 51 n5, 51 n.7, 51 n9, 51 n.10, 51
INDEX
n.3, 266 n.l, 275 n.5, 278 Sexual relations, washing n:3, 280 n.1,°280 n.2, 281 after, 216 m5, 281 n.4, 282 n.l,
Shell ithout deed eet 1986 08,288 GN ent 24 a.2, 290 n.4, 295 n.2, 300 gi i ; Ae Greek eee Y ai F002 fad B10 Or eas creed Tes Daeeleo)n316603,824 cet Ren 2 wag the De tees AES O55 NIMBI ete oS ea kB. n.3, 338 n.7, 341 nl, 364 aes cae nl, 412 n1— Romans, 188 n.3
Thessalonians, 317 n.1
Timothy, 130 n.4
Wisdom, 361 n.4
Zacharias, 73 n.6, 90 n.4, 170 monotheism in oracles of, 393ff.; oracles of, 420f.
Sibylline Oracles, Roman Senate consulted the, 55 n.l; 420f.; nature of, 420f.; should be heeded, 422 Sichem, capital of Samaria, 9; 195, 0); 221° 7.1, 228 229.048. 2/5en, 913
B25 0.1, 327 DA, 2)
331 n3, 335 n4, 335 346 n.6, 346 n.7, 359 Sidon, 199 Sidrach, 84 n.2
Sign, Jewish circumcision only a, cf. circumcision Simon Magus, 61f., 95, 134; Segor, 236 Sem, 362 Semele, 60, 259, 433 Semisch, C., 19 — considered patriarch of heretics, 61 n.2
Simony, the sin of, 61; why called, 61 n.2
Sin, a reality, 80 Semites, 361 Seneca, 57 n.4
Septimius Severus, 57 Sinners, Christ came to call, 48 Sinope in Pontus, 62 n.5
Sion, 180 Septuagint, 66 n.1, 78 n.1, 258, Sirens, 432 262, 314; composition of, 389f.
Serenius Granianus, 108 Sisinnius, 15 n.42
Sisyphus, 408 Skeptics, 149 n.1
Smith and Wace, 10 n.9, 25 Serpent, — as a symbol, 64; curse of, 275; 297 n.1 n.11, 26 n.14, and n.19
Sesonchosis, King, 385
INDEX Suetonius, 57 n.4, 64 n.4
Suffering, mental and physical, Social life, Egyptian, 385 Socrates, 13; — falsely put to
Suicide, illicit and forbidden death as an atheist, 38; 53, 83, 123; — and Christ, 129f., 388, 418 Sodom, 91 176, 236 Solomon, 197, 250; Christ called wisdom of, 246; the spirit of wisdom of, 287 Solon, 388, 391 Sophist, Christ not a, 47 Sophocles, monotheism of, 395f., 439; unity of God, 445; future judgment, 447 Sophonias, 72, 73 n.6
Sotades, 135 n.2 by God, 123 Sun and light, the Father and the Son are inseparable as,
Sunday assembly, description of Christian service at, 106f.
Swearing, 50 Sword, Christ called, 304 Sylburg, 55 n.2, 93 n.4
Synoptics, 69 n.2
Syria-Palestine, 33, 71 n.2
Syro-Phoenicia, 273 Sotadists, 135 Tanis, 274 Tantulus, 408 Tarphon, Jewish Rabbi,
n.19, 139, 147 n.3
Tatian, 13, 64, 393 Taxes, Christ teaches to pay Soul, immortality of — _ believed in by pagans, 53f., 312; the affinity of — to God, 154; man's — different from all other souls, 154; if — not immortal, sinner would benefit, 157; Aristotle's and Piato's teachings on, 382f.
Spiritism, 53 — to civil authorities, 52 Teacher, Christ our, 45f.
Telamon, 432 Telemachus, 408 Temple in Jerusalem, 182 Tertullian, — the Writings of Spiritistic seances, 53 Springl, J., 19 Stephanus, H., 16, 26 n.16, 177 n.3
Tertullian in translation, 9 n.1; —on divination, 37 n.1; 53 n.2, 56 n.1, 57 n4, 62 n.3, 63 n.6, 78 n.1, 93 n.1, Stoics, 55, 79 n.1, 126, 149 Stone, Christ called, 198, 304 Strabo, 135 Strategy, military, skill in, 153 Subordinationism, 44 n.3
106 n.3, 108 n.2, 119 n.3, 124 n.2, 125 n.2, 127 nl, iS2 ws; 135 n4 "172 a 244 n.2
INDEX Tethys, 374 Thales of Miletus, 377, 380 Thallus, 385 Thamar, 286 Tharsis, 198 Theodoret of Cyrus, 16 n.43, Trypho, 12 n.19, 13, 139; — meets Justin, 147; — blames Christians for not observing Mosaic law, 162f.; objections of, 187; — demands proof of Messiahship of Jesus, 220; — demands clear proof of Christ's divinity, 230; — denies need of Christ, 249f.; — compares Jesus with Perseus, 254f.; — shows anger, 274; — is 393 n.2, 396 n.1
Theon, 408 Theophilus of Antioch, 36 n.1
Theoretics, 149 n.1
Thessalonians, cf.
Scriptures Thetis, 61 Timothy, cf. Scriptures Thirlby, 35 n.1, 92 n.4, 101 n.1
Thomas Aquinas, St., 18 Thought, word should cover, scandalized at crucifixion, 290f.
Two, symbolism of number, 378 n.1
Ulmmans, before called Bethel,
Ulysses, 53, 395, 402, 432 Urbicus, 115, 119, — condemns Christians to death,
Thrace, 135 Thumer, J., 17 n.53, 19 Thyestes, 434 Thyestean feasts, 63, 434 Tiberius Caesar, 46 Tillemont, 26 Titus, 10, 57 Tixeront, J., 16 n. 43, 19 Trajan, 57 Trinitarian formula of baptism, 99 n.2
Trojans, 374 Trollope, 39, 92 Troy, 55 Truth, man must be less hon-
Valentinians, 201 Venus, 60, 374f., 408, 433, 435, 455 Verbum, cf. Word Verbum perfectum and verbum seminale, 18 n.55
Verissimus, 33 Vespasian, 9 n.5, 10, 33, 57 Vice, a reality, 65; 131 Virgin, Isaias foretold Christ's birth by a, 253 Virgin Mary, Abraham the anored than, 13f.; lover of, 16,
34; self-evident, 90 cestor of, 333
INDEX Word-concept of Holy ScripVirtue, the reality of, 65; 131,
Vishtaspa, 55 Vitrasius Pollio, 111 Vulcan, 434 ture, Son of God, 17 Words, not the — but the spirit of — is of importance,
World, — created by the Word, 104; — created for man's sake, 124 Worship, difference between pagan and Christian, 45ff.; — only due to God, 52; observance of, 105f.; — with lips different from that with the heart, 201 Walsh, G.G., 9 n.3
Weapons, conversion of — of war into those of peace,
Wehofer, T. H., 24, 28 Weizsacker, C., 17 n.53
Western Church, the rite of the Eucharist in, 105 n.3
Will, free, the basis for eternal X, the letter — as symbol, 97f.
Xenophon, 131 life is man's, 42; angels', 127, 364; cf. choice, free Wisdom, the spirit of, 287 and Xerxes, 386 passim, Christ called, 304 Wisdom, cf. Scriptures Witch of Endor, 53 Word, Divine, 43; His — the Zacharias, prophecy concerning Christians, 325; cf.
Scriptures Zahn, Th., 12 n.19, 26 power of God, 47; Son of God, not born as result of sexual relations, 56, 70; the seminal, 69, 133f.; the Perfect, 69 n.3
Zebedec, 313 Zeus, 60, 254, 402 Zoroaster, 55 n.5
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