Notes
Notes
←1
Aristotle, Metaph., 1, 3-4 (983b 6-985b 22) ; 11, 5 (1002a 8) ; Phys., IV, 6 (213a 29); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 2 (PL 41, 225). For St. Thomas’ use of these texts: ST, I, 44, 2 (BW, I, pp. 428-429); De Spiritualibus Creaturis, a. 10 ad 8, ed. L. Keeler, pp. 131-133 (OSC, pp. 121-122) ; Q. D. De Potentia III, 5; A. C. Pegis, A Note on St. Thomas’ Summa Theologica, 1, 44, 1-2 in Mediaeval Studies, VIII, 1946, pp. 159-168.
←2
Palaeographically, there is little justification for this particular reading which we have adopted, since all 12 mss. seem to be representative of a tradition which attributes “vapor” to Heraclitus. Manuscripts “A” and “B”, i.e., CAMBRIDGE, Corpus Christi, Libr. ms. 35 and TOLEDO, Bibl. del Cabildo, 19-15 do omit Hippasus but still attribute both fire and “vapor” to Heraclitus. Manuscript “D”, i.e., VENICE, S. Marco 31, IV suppresses the phrase “ut Hippasus aut vaporem ut” and substitutes for it “ac” leaving, at the same time, a space between “ac” and “Heraclitus”. The scribe of “D” evidently deleted the troublesome phrase and left a space for a future correction. Since no sources of Greek philosophy credit Heraclitus with “vapor”, the phrase “ut Hippasus aut vaporem” seems to be an interpolation which, most interestingly, is not found in the 1488 Soncinas nor in the 1490 and 1498 Pizzamanus printed editions. Hence, we have made an emendation by suppressing the obvious interpolation and the text reads: “Et si unum, aut aquam ut Thales Milesius, aut aërem ut Diogenes, aut ignem ut Heraclitus”. For the relative value of incunabula in the establishment of a critical text, cf. above, Introduction, pp. 13, 14 and F. Lescoe, Sancti: Thomae Aquinatis Tractatus de substantiis separatis, Introduction: Literary Problems.
←3
Aristotle, Phys., 1, 5 (188b 34).
←4
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 4 (985b 3-20) ; Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, I, 421 ff. (Stoic and Epicurean Philosophers, ed. W. Oates, pp. 76 ff.; cf. K. Freeman, Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers, pp. 91-120; The Pre-Socratic Philosophers, pp. 289-326.
←5
St. Thomas, De Spiritualibus Creaturis, a. 5, ed. L. Keeler, p. 65 (OSC, p. 67) calls them“anthropomorphitae”; cf. St. Augustine, Epist. 148, IV (PL 33, 628).
←6
Acts, 23:8; cf. St. Thomas, ST, I, 50, 1 (BW, 1, p. 480).
←7
Aristotle, Metaph., 1, 3 (984a 15-22); 1, 8 (989a 30-989b 21); Phys., VIII, I (250b 24); Plato, Phaedo, 97A.
←8
Aristotle, Metaph., 1, 6-7 (987a 30-988b 16) ; 1, 9 (992b 7) ; III,5 (1009a 38-1009b 33).
←9
Plato, Phaedo, 96A, 1001); Theaetetus, 156A; cf. Aristotle, Metaph.,I, 9 (991b 3).
←10
Cf. St. Augustine, Liber LXXXIII Quaestionum, q. 46 (PL 40,30) ; Avicenna, Metaph., VII,2 (fol. 96ra).
←11
Cf. A. C. Pegis, Introduction to St. Thomas Aquinas, pp. xiii-xxx.
←12
St. Thomas, Expositio super librum Boethii de Trinitate, q. 5, a. 1,ed. B. Decker, pp. 161ff.(The Division and Methods of the Sciences, tr. A. Maurer, pp. 3 ff).
←13
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 2 (1028b 20) ; XII, 1 (1076a 20).
←14
Appropriation of form for species.
←15
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 6 (987b 14- 18).
←16
Plato, Republic, VI, 508C; Aristotle, Ethics, 1, 6 (1096a 22-23;1096a 35-1096b 3) ; St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 8 (PL 41, 233) ; cf. Proclus, Elem, Props. 12, 13, 20, 119 (pp.15, 17, 23, 105).
←17
Proclus, Elem, Props. 63, 129, 139 (pp. 61, 115, 123).
←18
Nemesius, De Nat. Hom., 44 (PG 40, 793, 706); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, XIII, 16 (PL41, 388).
←19
Proclus, Elem, Props, 6, 14, 21, 116 (pp. 7, 17, 25, 103).
←20
Cf. above, Cap. 1, no. 4 (p. 19); Proclus, Elem, Props. 114, 161(pp. 101, 141).
←21
Plato, Timaeus, 33A ff.; Aristotle, De Anima, 1, 3 (406b 25-407b 26) ; cf. F. M. Cornford, Plato’s Cosmology, pp. 117 fif.; Proclus, Elem, Props. 129, 161 (pp. 115, 141).
←22
This division into gods, intellects, and souls seems to be taken directly from Proclus, Elem, Props. 12, 13, 20, 113, 116, 119, 121, 184, 189, 190, 196 (pp. 15, 17, 23, 101-107, 161, 165,167, 171); cf. St. Thomas, In Librum de Causis, Props. 2 ff., ed. H. D. Saffrey, pp. 10 ff.
←23
Plato, Phaedrus, 246A; Proclus, Elem, Props. 20, 188, 201 (pp. 23, 165, 177).
←24
Cf. St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 13, 16; IX, 8; XIII, 16 (PL 41, 237-247; 255-276; 387-389) ; On demons in neo-Platonic literature, cf. Proclus, Elem, pp. 294-296; 313-321; St. Thomas, In Librum, de Causis, Prop. 19, ed. H. Saffrey, pp. 104- 107.
←25
Proclus, Elem, Prop. 196 (p. 171).
←26
Aristotle, De Anima, II, 1 (413a 8); St. Thomas, In De Anima, II, lect. 2, ed. Pirotta, no. 243 AACTA, p. 178); cf. Nemesius, De Nat. Hom., I, III (PG 40, 505; 593) ; Proclus, Elem, Props. 186, 187 (p. 163).
←27
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 1, 2 (PL 41, 255-257).
←28
Matt., 22:30; 25:41.
←29
St. Augustine, Enchiridion de Fide, Spe et Caritate, 58 (PL 40, 259-260); cf. A. C. Pegis, Cosmogony and Knowledge, I, pp. 643-664; The Dilemma of Being and Unity, pp. 179-183; St. Thomas and the Problem of the Soul in the Thirteenth Century, pp. 147 ff.; St. Thomas and the Greeks, pp. 9 ff.
←30
Aristotle, Metaph, XII, I-5 (1076a 8-1080a 11) ; St. Thomas, De Spiritualibus Creaturis, a. 3; a. 9 ad 6 (OSC, pp. 41-55; 106-108; ST, I, 84, 1 (BW, I, pp. 793-796) ; A. C. Pegis, Introduction to St. Thomas Aquinas, pp. xiii-xxx.
←31
Aristotle, Phys., VIII, 5-10 (256a 4-267b 26).
←32
Aristotle, Phys., III, 1 (201a 10); VII, I (241b 24-242a 17).
←33
Aristotle, Phys., VII, 1 (241b 24) ; VIII, 5 (256a 13-21; 256b3-9) ; cf. for this discussion, St. Thomas, SCG, 1, 13 (OCTF, 1, pp. 85-96).
←34
Aristotle, Phys., VIII, 10 (266b 6-24).
←35
Aristotle, Phys., VIII, 10 (267b 17-26).
←36
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 7 (1072a 19-1073a 12).
←37
Aristotle, Phys., VIII, 6 (259b 31-260a 10); Metaph., XI, 8 (1073a 11 -37).
←38
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 8 (1073b I-1074a 14).
←39
Avicenna, Metaph., IX, 3 (fol. 104rb).
←40
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 1 (1068a 30).
←41
Aristotle, De Anima, II, 2 (413b 4); St. Thomas, In De Anima, II, lect. 3, ed. Pirotta, no. 260(AACTA, p. 185).
←42
All 12 mss. read variously from Anempotem (A) to Cermephontem (L); hence, the emendation according to Cap. XIX, no. 106 (p. 112) below, where St. Thomas cites St. Augustine’s De Civ. Dei, X, II (PL 41, 288-291) concerning Porphyry’s letter.
←43
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 8 (1074a 17-30).
←44
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 8 (1073a 26).
←45
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, (1073a 36; 1074a 5-15).
←46
I.e., it does not stand to reason.
←47
Avicenna, Metaph., IX, 3 (fol. 104rb).
←48
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 8 (1074a 15).
←49
Cf. St Thomas, SCG, I, 13 (OTCF, I, pp. 85 ff.).
←50
See above, Cap. I, no. 5 (pp. 19-20); cf. Proclus, Elem, Props. 12,13 (pp. 15-16).
←51
Aristotle, Ethics, 1, 6 (1096a 22-23; 1096a 35-1096b 3); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 6, 8 (PL 41, 231-233); cf. St. Thomas, ST, I, 2, 3 (BW, I, p. 21).
←52
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 1 (993b 24-31; transl. Ross).
←53
Proclus, Elem, Props. 3,4, 8, 12, 13 (pp. 5, 9-11, 15-16); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 6, 8 (PL 41, 231-233).
←54
Cf. Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 7 (1072a 24-28).
←55
Proclus, Elem, Props. 119, 120, 122, 134, 141, 145, 204 (pp. 105 109, 119, 125, 129, 179).
←56
Nemesius, De Nat. Hom., 44 (PG 40, 793, 796).
←57
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 14 (PL 41, 328).
←58
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 10 (1075a 11-25); On providence in Aristotle, cf. E. Gilson, Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy, pp. 148 167, 457-458; God and Philosophy, pp. 32 ff.
←59
Aristotle, Politics, 1, 3 (1253b1 ff.).
←60
Cf. above, Cap. 1, no. 7 (p. 22); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 13; IX, 2 (PL 41, 237 - 238, 257).
←61
Cf. above, Cap. 1, no. 6.
←62
Cf. St. Thomas, In Librum de Causis, Prop. 3 (ed. H. Saffrey, p. 18) : “Ideo omnes hujusmodi formas sic subsistentes ‘deos’ vocabat.”
←63
Proclus, Elem, Props. 101, 161, 163 (pp. 91, 141, 143).
←64
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 33-35).
←65
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074a 10-16).
←66
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 26).
←67
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 35-1075a 5).
←68
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 6 (987b 1-10).
←69
Cf. above, Cap. II, no. 8.
←70
Cf. above, Cap. II, nos. 9-10.
←71
Cf. above, Cap. I, no. 7 (pp. 22-23); Cap. III, no. 17 (pp. 31-32); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 13, 14, 16; IX, 2, 8, 12; X, 1 (PL 41, 237-239, 241-242, 257, 263, 265-266, 267 - 279).
←72
This composite doctrine of Plato and Aristotle which St. Thomas uses in his critique of other philosophical positions in Cap. V-XVI, nos. 19-90 (pp. 35-96) has been advanced by C. Fabro, La nozione metafisica di Partecipazione secondo S. Tommaso d’Aquino, Turin, 2nd edit. 1950, as an argument for a real assimilation of the metaphysical content of the Platonic notion of participation within Aristotelian thought by the Angelic Doctor. (pp. 58-64). R. Henle, on the other hand, in A Note on Certain Textual Evidence in Fabro’s ‘La Nozione Metafisica di Partecipazione’, pp. 265-282 and in Saint Thomas’ Methodology in the Treatment of ‘Positiones’, pp. 391-409, thoroughly disagrees with Fabro’s thesis.
←73
Avicebron, (Ibn Gabirol) Fons Vitae, 1, 2-4, ed. C. Baeumker, pp. 3-6; cf. E. Gilson, Pourquoi saint Thomas a critiqué saint Augustin, pp. 25-35, 108-116, 217-219; HCP, pp. 226-229 and notes 27-35 (pp. 647-649); J. Collins, The Thomistic Philosophy of the Angels, pp. 44-74; E. Kleineidam, Das Problem der hylomorphen Zusammensetzung der geistigen Substanzen im 13 Jahrhundert, behandelt bis Thomas von Aquin, pp. 9-15.
←74
Avicebron, op. cit., I, 8 (p. 11); IV, 7 (p. 226).
←75
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 6 (987b I-18).
←76
Avicebron, op. cit., IV, 6 (p. 223).
←77
Avicebron, op. cit., I, 14 (p. 17).
←78
Ibid., (p. 18).
←79
Ibid., I, 15 (p. 19).
←80
Ibid., I, 17 (p. 20).
←81
Ibid., I, 16-17 (pp. 19-21 21).
←82
Avicebron, op. cit., IV, 6 (p. 226).
←83
Ibid., II, 6 (p. 35); IV; 34 (p. 320).
←84
Ibid., V, 42 (p. 333).
←85
Ibid., II, 22 (p. 64).
←86
Avicebron, op. cit., II, 24 (p. 69); IV, I (p. 211); IV, 2 (p. 213).
←87
Ibid., IV, 2, 3 (pp. 215 ff.).
←88
Ibid., IV, 2 (pp. 212-213).
←89
Ibid., IV, 2 (pp. 214-215).
←90
Avicebron, op. cit., IV, 4 (p. 217).
←91
Ibid., IV, 6 (p. 222).
←92
Ibid., IV, 6 (pp. 223-224).
←93
Cf. above, Cap. V, nos. 19-23; for a shorter refutation of Avicebron, see St. Thomas, De ente et essentia, IV, ed. M.-D. Roland-Gosselin, pp. 29-37 (OBE, pp. 43 ff.); De spiritualibus creaturis, a. 1, a. 3, (ed. L. Keeler, pp. 1-19; 33-50 (CISC, pp. 15-29; 41-55); ST, I, 50, 2 (BW, I, p. 482); In II Sent., d. 3, q. 1, a. 1, (pp. 85-89).
←94
Cf. Louis-M. Régis, O.P., Analyse et synthèse dons l’oeuvre de saint Thomas, pp. 313-328.
←95
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 1 (993b 24-31); St. Thomas, SCG, 1, 13 (OTCF, I, p. 95).
←96
Cf. above, Cap. 1, nos. 4-7 (pp. 19-23); Aristotle, Metaph., I, 7 (988a 34-988b 6); Proclus, Elem, Prop. 18 (p. 21).
←97
Cf. above, Cap. 1, no. 2.
←98
Ibid.
←99
Cf. above, Cap. V, nos. 20, 21.
←100
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 19.
←101
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 20.
←102
2. Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 21 (p. 36); Avicebron, Fons Vitae, IV, 2 ff. (pp. 211 ff.); cf. Dorninicus Gundissalinus, De Anima, VII (p. 55).
←103
i.e., the spiritual and the corporeal.
←104
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 3 (1029a 20).
←105
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 12 (1038a 9).
←106
Aristotle, Phys., V, 1 (225a 12-20); De Gen. et Corrup., 1, 2 (317a 17-3 1 ); Metaph., X, 11 (1067b 22).
←107
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 12 (1037b 12).
←108
i.e., this means to be one by being in the same subject. Cf. Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 4 (1029b16).
←109
3. Aristotle, Metaph., II 4 (999b 25); VII, 6 (1045b 16); cf. St. Thomas, De Spiritualibus Creaturis, a.3, ed. L. Keeler, pp. 33 -50 (OSC, pp. 41-55).
←110
Cf. above, Cap. V, nos. 19-23.
←111
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 19.
←112
Cf. above, Cap. V, no, 21 (p. 36).
←113
Cf. above, Cap. I, no. 2.
←114
Aristotle, Metaph., VIII, 4-6 (1047b 2-1048b 34); VIII, 8 (1049b 14).
←115
St. Thomas, ST, I, 50,2 (BW I, p. 482).
←116
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 9 (1034b 7-19).
←117
Cf. St. Thomas, ST, I, 84, 1 (BW, I, p. 793).
←118
Aristotle, Metaph., VIII, 8 (1049b 3).
←119
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 21 (pp. 36-37); Cap. VI, no. 29 (p. 43).
←120
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 3 (1029a 20); Plato, Timaeus, 49A, 52D.
←121
Cf. above, Cap. 1, no. 2.
←122
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 22.
←123
2. Cf. above, Cap. VI, no. 27.
←124
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 22 (p. 37).
←125
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 22.
←126
Cf. above, Cap. VI, no. 28.
←127
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 23.
←128
Aristotle, Metaph., III, 1 (1003a 20-1003b 18); X, 3 (1060b 30-1061a 10).
←129
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 1 (1028a 18); XI, 1 (1069a 21).
←130
Aristotle, De Anima, III, 4 (429b 5); St. Thomas, In De Anima, III, lect. 7, ed. Pirotta, no.699 (AACTA, p. 410).
←131
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 23.
←132
St. Thomas, ST, I, 50, 1-2 (BW I, pp. 480-485); Expositio super librum Boethii de Trinitate, q. 5, a. 4 ad 4 ed. B. Decker, pp. 197 199 (The Division and Methods of the Sciences, tr. A. Maurer, pp. 44-45).
←133
Cf. St. Thomas, ST, I, 3, 4; 7, 1 ad 3 (BW I, pp. 30-31, 57, 58).
←134
Cf. St. Thomas, SCG, 11, 52 (OTCF IT, p. 152).
←135
Cf. above, Cap. VI, no. 27 (p. 41).
←136
St. Thomas, De Ente et Essentia, IV, V, ed. Roland-Gosselin, pp. 29-42 (OBE, IV, V, pp.41-54); cf. E. Gilson, Being And Some Philosophers, pp. 173. ff.
←137
St. Thomas, In Metaph., VII, lect. 7, ed. Cathala, no. 1419.
←138
i.e., FROM the First Being.
←139
St. Thomas, In Metaph., VII, lect. 2, ed. Cathala, no. 1292.
←140
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 23.
←141
2. Cf. above, Cap. VIII, no. 43.
←142
Cf. above, Caps. V-VIII, nos. 19-45.
←143
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 6 (987b 1-18).
←144
In all likelihood the Averroists in Paris; cf. H. Denifle et E.Chatelain, Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis, I, Props. 46, 47 (p. 546), also printed in P. Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l’Averroisme latin au XIIIème siècle, II, pp. 179, 184.4
←145
Avicenna, Metaph., IX, 4 (fol. 104va); cf. A. Forest, La structure métaphysique du concret selon Saint Thomas d’Aquin, pp. 331 360, for a list of references to Avicenna in St. Thomas’ works. Siger of Brabant likewise teaches the doctrine of cascade creation; cf. De Necessitate et contingentia causarum, II in P. Mandonnet, op. cit., p. 112; Denifle-Chatelain, Chartularium, 1, Props. 55, 64 (pp. 546, 547).
←146
This is definitely from the Liber de causis: cf. O. Bardenhewer, Die pseudo-aristotelische Schrift über das reine Gute bekannt unter dem Namen de causis, no. 1 (pp. 163-164); Proclus, Elem, Props. 55, 56, 70 (pp. 53, 55, 67).
←147
Aristotle, Phys., I, 4 (187a 28).
←148
Cf. above, Cap. IX, no. 46, note 3 (p. 57).
←149
Aristotle, Phys., III, 1 (201a 15).
←150
Condemnation of 1277, cf. Chartularium, I, Prop. 70 (p. 547), P Mandonnet, op. cit., II, p. 179; St. Thomas, ST, I, 61, 1 (BW, II, p. 565).
←151
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 8 (PL 41, 263); Proclus, Elem, Prop. 169 (pp. 147-149).
←152
Cf. Chartularium, I, Prop. 70 (p. 547). Siger of Brabant cites Aristotle in support of the position that nothing prevents an eternal and necessary being from having a cause of its eternity and necessity. Cf. Quaestiones De Anima Intellectiva, q. 5 in P. Mandonnet, op. cit., II, p. 159.
←153
Cf. above, Caps. V-VIII, nos. 19-45; Aristotle, De Anima, III, 3 (427a 21); St. Thomas, In De Anima, III, lect. 4, ed. Pirotta, nos. 616-623 (AACTA pp. 378-380).
←154
Cf. Aristotle, Metaph., I, 3, 4 (985b 6-985b 22); Phys., 1, 4 (187a 30); De Gen. et Corrup., II, 9 (335b 24); St. Thomas, ST, I, 44, 2 (BW, I, p. 428); A. C. Pegis, A Note on St. Thomas’ Summa Theologica, I, 44, 1-2, pp. 159-168.
←155
Cf. Aristotle, Phys., IV, 6 (213a 29); Metaph., II, 5 (1002a 8); St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, VIII, 2 (PL 41, 225).
←156
Empedocles, according to Aristotle, Metaph., I, 4 (985a 8); Phys., I, 5 (188b 34).
←157
Cf. Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 2 (1069b 5 ff.).
←158
Proclus, Elem, Prop. 26 (p. 31).
←159
Cf. above, Cap. VIII, no. 42 (p. 54).
←160
Aristotle, Phys., I, 8 (191b 16-23).
←161
i.e., as common denominator and basis belonging to elements; cf. Aristotle, Metaph., I,1(993b 23).
←162
Cf. above, Cap. IX, no. 47.
←163
Aristotle, Metaph., IV, 5 (1015b 9).
←164
Aristotle, Phys., VIII, 1 (252b 3).3. Cf. St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, X, 31 (PL 41, 311 -312).
←165
Cf. St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, X, 31 (PL 41, 311-312).
←166
For the reference, see above, Cap. IX, no. 46, note 4 (p. 57) cf. also, Algazel, Metaph., V, ed. J. Muckle (p. 119).
←167
Avicenna, Metaph., IX, 4 (fol. 104va); cf. Plotinus, Enneads,V, 2, 4, ed. Bréhier, vol. V, pp. 33, 80 (The Enneads, tr. S. MacKenna, pp. 380-400); E. Gilson, HCP, pp. 187-216; A.-M. Goichon, La distinction de l’essence et de l’existence d’après Ibn Sina (Avicenne), Bk. II, Cap. II, A, B (pp. 201-243); Lexique de la langue philosophique d’Ibn Sina (Avicenne), p. 421, par. 754; p. 20, par. 45; p. 327, par 604; pp. 228-231, par. 439, nos. 3, 8; p. 239, par. 450; p. 41, par. 91.
←168
3. On the Liber de Causis, cf. E. Gilson, HCP, pp. 235-237, 367, note 3.
←169
Cf. above, Cap. IX, no. 49.
←170
Ibid.
←171
“aliqua” understood subject of “refertur”.
←172
Cf. above, Cap. VIII, nos. 37, 41 (pp. 50,52, 53).
←173
Cf. above, Cap. IX, nos. 49, 50.
←174
Aristotle, Metaph., I, 6; 9 (987b I-14; 991a 20-991b 1); II, 2 (997b 8); VI, 8 (1033b 19 - 1034a 8); XI, 5 (1071a 17-30).
←175
Aristotle, Phys., II, 2 (194b 13).
←176
i.e., lacking form.
←177
i.e., from act.
←178
Cf. above, Cap. IX, nos. 49, 50; Cap. X, no. 56.
←179
Cf. C. L. Sweeney, Divine Infinity in the Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas, II, Caps. 2, 3 (pp. 283-300).
←180
Proclus, Elem, Prop. 26 (p. 31).
←181
Cf. above, Cap. I, nos. 4-7.
←182
Cf. above, Cap. IX, nos. 49, 50, 56, 58.
←183
4. Cf. above, Cap. IX, no. 46, note 145.
←184
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 14; 15 (1039a 30-32; 1040b 32-34); Ethics, 1, 6 (1096a 35 -1096b 3).
←185
Aristotle, Metaph., VI, 12, 15 (1037b 21-24; 1040a 8-29).
←186
Cf. above, cap. IX, nos. 46 ff.
←187
Origen, Peri Archon, I, c. 8 (PG 11, 177A-B).
←188
i.e., originating cause. Cf. St. Thomas, In Evangel. S. Joannis, I, (Vivès XX, 679-680).
←189
Cf. above, Cap. VII, nos. 34-36; Cap. VIII, nos. 41, 44.
←190
2. St. Thomas, Expositio super librum Boethii de Trinitate, q. 4, a. 2, ed. B. Decker, pp. 137-145.
←191
Cf. St. Thomas, SCG, I, 29 (OTCF, 1, p. 139).
←192
Cf. Ibid., I, 1 (p. 59).
←193
All this concerning order is what Origen is discussing in Peri Archon, I, c. 8 (PG 11, 177A- B).
←194
Aristotle, Politics, II, 2 (1061a 20-b 15).
←195
Very likely certain Averroists at Paris whose doctrines are given in the Condemnations of 1270 and 1277. St. Thomas follows the same order and cites almost verbatim Props. 10, 11, 12 of the Condemnation of 1270. Cf. above, Introduction; also Chartularium, I, p. 487; P. Mandonnet, op. cit., I, p. III; 11, p. 175. For Averroist doctrine of angels, cf. A. Vacant, Angélologie parmi les averroistes latins in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, Vol. I, coll. 1260-1264, esp. col. 1262.
←196
Cf. Chartularium, I, Props. 76, 85, (pp. 547-548); P. Mandonnet, op. cit., II, p. 180.
←197
Cf. Chartularium, I, Prop. 3, p. 544; P. Mandonnet, op. cit., II, p. 177.
←198
Cf. Chartularium, I, Props. 21, 42, pp. 545-546; P. Mandonnet, op. cit., II, pp. 177-178, 183.
←199
Aristotle, Metaph., V, 3 (1027a 29-1027b 16); cf. Siger of Brabant, De Necessitate et contingentia causarum in P. Mandonnet, op. cit., Part II, pp. 111-114; A. Maurer, Siger of Brabant’s De Necessitate et Contingentia Causarum and Ms Peterhouse 152 in Mediaeval Studies, 14, 1952, pp. 48-60; F. Van Steenberghen, Siger de Brabant d’après ses oeuvres inédites, Vol. II, pp. 606-607.
←200
Cf. Chartularium, Prop. 21, p. 545; P. Mandonnet, op. cit., II, p. 183.
←201
Cf. above, Cap. VIII, no. 43; Cap. IX, nos. 48, 49; Cap. X, no. 58.
←202
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 7 (1072b 26-30).
←203
“abstract” as “separate” or “separate from matter.”
←204
Cf. above, Cap. VI, no. 24 (p. 39); Cap. VIII, nos. 41, 42 (pp. 52-54).
←205
Aristotle, De Anima, 1, 5 (410b 4-7); St. Thomas, In De Anima, I, lect. 12, ed. Pirotta, no. 186 (AACTA, pp. 146-147).
←206
Aristotle, Metaph., II, 4 (1000b 4-6).
←207
St. Thomas, In Librum de Causis, Prop. 1, ed. H. Saff rey, (pp. 4-10).
←208
i.e., the Averroists.
←209
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 7 (1072b 22-23); 9 (1074b 15-1075a 10).
←210
Cf. above, Cap. I, nos. 4-6 (pp. 19-21).
←211
Aristotle, Metaph., X1, 7 (1072b 22).
←212
S. Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 1S).
←213
Ibid. (1074b 18).
←214
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 20).
←215
Ibid., (1074b 25).
←216
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 73 (pp. 82-83).
←217
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 28-30).
←218
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 9 (1074b 28).
←219
Ibid., (1074b 30).
←220
Ibid., (1074b 30); cf. St. Thomas, SCG, 1, 45 (OTCF, 1, p. 173).
←221
Cf. St. Thomas, ST, I, 14, 6, 8 (BW, 1, pp. 143, 147).
←222
Cf. above, Cap. I, nos. 4-6 (pp. 19-21); Proclus, Elem, Prop. 117 (pp. 103-105).
←223
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, nos. 70-76.
←224
Aristotle, Metaph., XII 10 (1075a 11-23).
←225
3. Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 70, note 202.
←226
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 67.
←227
2. Aristotle, De Anima, II, 4 (415a 27); St. Thomas, In De Anima, II, lect. 7, ed. Pirotta,nos. 311-314 (AACTA, pp. 213-214).
←228
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 68.
←229
Cf. above, Cap. I, nos. 4-6; Produs, Elem, Prop. 117 (pp. 103-105).
←230
Cf. above, Cap. I, nos. 9 ff.
←231
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 70.
←232
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 68.
←233
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 68.
←234
Cf. above, Cap. XIII, no. 69.
←235
St. Thomas’ source is most likely St. Augustine’s De Natura Boni Contra Manichaeos.
←236
Cf. St. Augustine, De Natura Boni Contra Manichaeos, 41 (PL 42, 563, 564); Confessions, V, 10, 20 (PL 32, 715).
←237
St. Augustine, De Natura Boni Contra Manichaeos, 42 (PL 42, 565).
←238
Ibid. (PL 42, 566).
←239
Aristotle, De Anima, III, 4 (429a 18-25), St. Thomas, In De Anima, III, lect. 7, ed. Pirotta, nos. 677-683 (AACTA, pp. 404 406).
←240
Cf. above, Cap. XVI, no. 86 (p. 94).
←241
Cf. above, Cap. I, nos. 4-7; Cap. III, nos. 15-18; Cap. XI, nos. 60-61.
←242
Cf. above, Cap. II, no. 8 – Cap. IV, no. 18.
←243
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 19 – Cap. X, no. 59; Cap. XII, no. 62 – Cap. XVI, no. 90.
←244
Cf. Conc. Lateran. IV, anno 1215 (Denziger, 428).
←245
Ps. 148:2, 5.
←246
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Coelesti Hierarchia, IV, no. I (PG 3, 177C); Dionysiaca, II, c. IV, sec. 60 (pp. 800-801).
←247
Ibid., IV, no. 2 (PG 3, 180A-B); Dionysiaca, II, c. IV, sec. 61 (p. 826).
←248
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, IV, 1 (PG 3, 693B-C) Dionysiaca, I, c. IV, sec. 16 (pp. 146, 147).
←249
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, V, 8 (PG 3, 821C); Dionysiaca, I, c. V, sec. 21 (pp. 350-351).
←250
2. Pseudo-Dionysius, De Coelesti Hierarchia, IV, 1 (PG 3, 177C) Dionysiaca, II, c. IV, sec. 60 (pp. 800-802).
←251
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, V, 2 (PG 3, 816D-817A); Dionysiaca, I, c. V. sec. 21 (pp. 325-326).
←252
Proclus, Elem, Props. 8, 13 (pp. 9-11; 15-17).
←253
Proclus, Elem, Prop. 138 (p. 123).
←254
Cf. above, Cap. XI, nos. 60-61.
←255
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, XI, 6 (PG 3, 9531D); Dionysiaca, I, c. IX, sec. 38 (pp. 519-521).
←256
Cf. above, Cap. IX, nos. 46-52; St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 8, 12, 13, 23; X, 31 (PL 41, 261-262; 265-268; 275-276; 311-312).
←257
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, X, 3 (PG 3, 937C); Dionysiaca, I, c. X, sec. 36 (p. 489).
←258
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, XI, 9 (PL 41, 324).
←259
Ibid., (PL 41, 323).
←260
St. Augustine, De Gen. ad Litt., II, 8 (PL 34, 269-270).
←261
St. John Damascene, De Fide Orthodoxa, II, 3 (PG 94, 873AB).
←262
St. Jerome, Commentarium in Epistola ad Titum, I (PL 26, 560A).
←263
St. Basil, In Hexaemeron hom. II, 5 (PG 29, 40C-41A).
←264
Cf. below, Cap. XVIII, nos. 102, 103.
←265
Origen, Peri Archon, I, 1 (PG 11, 129).
←266
Cf. above, Cap. V, no. 19; Cap. VIII, no. 45.
←267
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, IV, I (PG 3, 693C); Dionysiaca, I, c. IV, sec. 16 (pp. 147-148).
←268
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Coelesti Hierarchia, I, 3 (PG 3, 121C); Dionysiaca, II, c. I, sec. 56 (pp. 733-736).
←269
Ibid., in its entirety (PG 3, 136-145); Dionysiaca, II, c. II, secs. 57-58 (pp. 740-784).
←270
Aristotle, De Anima, III, 4 (429a 10-b 5); St. Thomas, In De Anima, III, lect. 7, ed. Pirotta, nos. 671-699 (AACTA, pp. 402-410).
←271
St. Augustine, De Gen. ad Litt., II, 8 (PL 34, 269).
←272
St. John Damascene, De Fide Orthodoxa, II, 3 (PG 94, 865B 868A).
←273
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Coelesti Hierarchia, I, 3 (PG 3, 121C D); Dionysiaca, II, c. I sec. 56 (pp. 735-736).
←274
Ibid., XV in its entirety (PG 3, 328-340); Ibid., II, c. XV, sec. 71 (pp. 983-1071).
←275
Ibid., II, 4 (PG 3, 141D); Ibid., II, c. 11, sec. 58 (pp. 765-766).
←276
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 5 (PL 41, 261).
←277
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, V, 8 (PG 3, 821C); Dionysiaca, I, c. V, sec. 21 (p. 350). Cf. St. Thomas, In Librum de Causis, Prop. 19, ed. H. Saff rey, pp. 104-107.
←278
St. Basil, In Hexaemeron, Hom. II, c. 5 (PG 29, 41A).
←279
Nemesius, De Nat. Hom., 3 (PG 40,600A).
←280
St. John Damascene, De Fide Orthodoxa, II, 3 (PG 94, 869B-C).
←281
St. Augustine, Super Gen. ad Litt., VIII, 20 (PL 34, 388).
←282
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, IV, 8 (PG 3, 704D) Dionysiaca, I, c. IV, see. 18 (pp. 189-190).
←283
Cf. St. Thomas, ST, II-IIae, 180, 6.
←284
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 1 ff. (PL 41, 255).
←285
Ibid., IX, 20 (PL 41, 273).
←286
Cf. above, Caps. XVI, nos. 86-90.
←287
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, IV, 23 (PG 3, 724C); Dionysiaca, I, c. IV, sec.20 (pp. 271-272).
←288
Cf. above, Cap. IX, nos. 49-50; Cap. X, nos. 56, 58, 59.
←289
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, X, 11 (PL 41, 289).
←290
As in the case of Cap. I, no. 2, note 2, there seems to be no palaeographical justification for the reading which we give. Eleven manuscripts used in the preparation of this text (METZ, Bibl. de la Ville 1158 comprises only folios 12v and 13r, i.e., Cap. I, no. 1 to Cap. II, no. 13, pp. 16-28, as noted in the Introduction, read “essent”. We have preferred the reading “sunt” which is found in the 1488 Soncinas, the 1490, 1498, and 1508 Pizzamanus printed editions. Concerning the value of these incunabula with respect to the establishing of a truly critical text, cf. above, Introduction, and F. Lescoe, op. cit., Introduction: Literary Problems.
←291
Cf. above, Cap. I, no. 7 (pp. 22, 23).
←292
Cf. St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 8 (PL 41, 263).
←293
St. Augustine, De Gen. ad Litt., II, 10 (PL 34, 284).
←294
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, IV, 23, (PG 3, 725C); Dionysiaca, I, c. IV, sec.20 (p. 280).
←295
St. Augustine, De Gen. ad Litt., III, 10 (PL 34, 285).
←296
St. John Damascene, De Fide Orthodoxa, II, 4 (PG 94, 873C-876A).
←297
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, IV, 23 (PG 3, 735B) Dionysiaca, I, c. IV, sec. 20(p. 279).
←298
St. Augustine, De Gen. ad Litt., III, 10 (PL 34, 285).
←299
St. John Damascene, De Fide Orthodoxa, II, 4 (PG 94, 876A).
←300
Origen, Peri Archon, I, 5 (PG 11, 160C f f, 163A-C).
←301
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, XI, 15 (PL 41, 330).
←302
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, XI, 14-15 (PL 41, 330-331).
←303
St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, IX, 1-2 (PL 41, 255-257).
←304
Ibid., IX, 11 (PL 41, 265).
←305
Cf. above, Cap. XIX, nos. 104 ff.; Cap. I, no. 7.
←306
St. John Chrysostom, Homilia in Matt., XXVIII (PG 57, 353).
←307
Proclus, Elem, Prop. 196 (p. 171).
←308
Cf. above, Cap. VII, nos. 32-36.
←309
St. Gregory the Great, Moral. in Job, XXXII, 23 (PL 76, 665C).
←310
Aristotle, Metaph., XI, 7 (1072b 18-19); 9 (1074b 23-24).
←311
St. Augustine, Liber LXXXIII Quaestionum, q. 32 (PL 40, 22).
←312
Proclus, Elem, Prop. 169 (pp. 147-149).
←313
Liber de Causis, II, ed. O. Bardenhewer, p. 165, 14.
←314
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Divinis Nominibus, I, 5 (PG 3, 593D); Dionysiaca, I, c. 1, sec. 4 (pp. 39-41).
←315
Pseudo-Dionysius, De Coelesti Hierarchia, IV, 2 (PG 3, 180A); Dionysiaca, II, c. 4 sec. 60 (pp. 803-805).