Index
A
acting, Whitefield and, 67–70
adult relationships, George’s upbringing and, 24
advertising by Whitefield, 7–8, 120
“Almost a Christian,” 107
America, discovery as religious mission, 13–15
The American Weekly Mercury, 77
Andrews, Jedediah, 126–127
Anglican church, 119
conflict between education and experience, 98
and Georgia orphanage, 140
Henry VIII and, 14
apprentice, 30
Aristotle, writing on arts, 69
“Articles of Beliefs and Acts of Religion”
(worship liturgy), 101
atheists, vs. deists, 195
author, image of, 46
autobiography, 33. See also Franklin,
Benjamin, Autobiography
by Whitefield, 33
B
The Beggar’s Opera, 63–64
Bethesda orphanage, 148. See also orphanage
college charter, 213
Bible
Psalm 1:1-2, 71
Ecclesiastes 4:9, 114
Matthew 13:1-30, 170
Matthew 25:40, 139
John 3:3, 101
Acts 2:46, 92
Romans 4:16-22, 180
Romans 6:23, 102
1 Corinthians 1:23, 128
1 Corinthians 2:14-15, 177
2 Corinthians 5:17, 103
1 Timothy 4:12, 115
Hebrews 11:6, 225
James 1:27, 139
Bible Moths, 95
blessings from God, 105
Boston, 164
Franklin departure from, 31–32
Quakers in, 16
soldiers in, 214
Whitefield preaching in, 165
Boston Evening Post, 184
Boston Massacre, 214
bourgeoisie, The London Merchant and, 65
Braddock, General, troop transport to Ohio Valley, 204
Bradford, Andrew, 76
The American Weekly Mercury, 77
Bristol, England, Whitefield preaching in, 117, 141–142
British Empire, Julian calendar switch to Gregorian, 19
bullying of Whitefield, 51
Bunyan, John, 35–36
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, 37
Pilgrim’s Progress, 17, 27, 32
Pilgrim’s Progress, and Franklin, 34–37
business
Franklin/Whitefield partnership, 3
Franklin’s sense of, 45
opportunities in new world, 17
Busy-Body (Franklin pseudonym), 77, 85
byline, power of, 45
C
Caesar in Egypt, 55
calendar, switch from Julian to Gregorian, 19
Cambridge, Whitefield visit to, 166
candle-making business, 21
celebrity, 7–10
censure of printers, 157
character, 224
Charles I (king of England), 15, 17
Charles II (king of England), 17, 60
Charleston, Whitefield’s farewell sermon, August 1740, 159
Chauncy, Charles, opposition to Whitefield, 181–182
Christ Church (Philadelphia), 40, 126
for lightning experiment, 199
Whitefield preaching in, 146
Christian Perfection (Law), 95
Christianity, Whitefield on reasonableness of, 153
church establishment, 5
and society, 128
Whitefield’s rejection of aristocratic spirit, 64
“The Church Militant” (Herbert), 13
Church of England, 14, 87–88. See also Anglican church
Cicero, 114
and speech-making, 67
citizenship, Franklin’s promotion of, 184
City Watch program, 112–113
class system. See also social classes knowledge for breaking, 111
codes of conduct, from Franklin, 173
Cole (minister in Gloucester), ridicule of, 51–52
college. See also Oxford University
Franklin thoughts on, 192–193
Princeton University, 201
University of Pennsylvania, 39, 193
College of New Jersey, 201
Collier, Jeremy, A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage, 61
Collins, John, 79
Collinson, Peter, 199
colonial unity, 202
Columbus, Christopher, 11
focus on evangelism, 13
common-law marriage, 81
Common Sense (Paine), 14
communication, Franklin and, 220
communication styles, 2–3
Communion on Christmas, Whitefield and, 84
community, Franklin’s work for, 75
The Confessions of St. Augustine, 33
Congreve, William, 61
The Conscious Lovers (Steele), 62
Continental Congress, 219
controversy, safe way to deal with, 29
conversion experience
as process, 103
versions of, 104–109
correspondence, 4
openness in, 8
The Country Parson’s Advice to His Parishioners, 99, 102
creativity, 224
crime in London, 63
Crooked Billet (Philadelphia), 43
currency, paper, 113
Franklin’s printing of, 75
D
dancing hall in Philadelphia
Franklin and debate over, 157–159
Whitefield opposition to, 156–159
Dante, Inferno, 11
Davenport, James, 183
death, Whitefield’s awareness of, 213
Declaratory Act (Parliament), 212
dedication to church, as J. Franklin’s plan for Ben, 20–21
deism, 215
vs. atheism, 195
Dekker, Thomas, 60
Delamotte, Elizabeth
marriage, 179
Whitefield and, 176–177
Delamotte family, 175–179
death, 75
denominations, 5
in America, 134
in Philadelphia, 40
Whitefield’s appeal to multiple, 40, 119, 221
devotion, 87
diplomat, Franklin as, 201–202
Dissenters, 14
dissenting movements in England, 119
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (Franklin), 56
Donne, John, 12
Drury Lane Theatre (London), 54
E
education
as Whitefield/Franklin conversation topic, 192–193
Edwards, Jonathan, 25, 164, 166–168
A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God, 167
role in American evangelicalism, 170–171
Whitefield and, 179
Edwards, Sarah, 168, 169–170, 179
electricity, 198–200
emotions, gospel and, 105
England
in 1724, 50
Charles I deposed by Parliament, 17
dissenting movements in, 119
opposition to Whitefield in 1738, 139
English, North America exploration, 12–13
Enlightenment, and theological training, 166
entertainment, in London, 55
established church, 5
and society, 128
Whitefield’s rejection of aristocratic spirit, 64
Everyman (medieval play), 35
extemporaneous preaching, by Whitefield, 121–122
F
faith, 18
Franklin’s views, 209–210
saved by, 128
as Whitefield/Franklin conversation topic, 195
family, as Whitefield/Franklin
conversation topic, 188
father figures, 23–25
Fielding, Henry, 55
fire protection, in Philadelphia, 112
First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia), 126
Folger, Peter, 47
folk wisdom, in Poor Richard’s Almanac, 89
France
diplomacy with, 219
Francke, August, 95
Nicodemus, or A Treatise Against the Fear of Man, 27, 97–98, 102
Franklin, Abiah Folger, 20
Franklin, Anne Child, 20
Franklin, Benjamin, 55. See also Whitefield
and Franklin: relationship
approach to Bunyan, 36
birth, 19
business sense, 45
choices and consequences, 62–63
and church authorities, 5
and dance hall debate, 157–159
education, 73–81
experiment on size of Whitefield audience, 41
father figure, 23–25
humility of, 101
identity crisis, 53
lobbying for Stamp Act repeal, 211
marriage, 181
misrepresentation charge on Whitefield’s success, 157
organization creation, 111
parenthood, 80–81
before Parliament to argue for Stamp Act repeal, 9
reading of London papers on Whitefield, 129
relationships with women, 172–175, 176
religious culture at birth, 16
retirement, 193
in science, 198–200
significance to America, 219–223
theft of materials, 20
timeline, 229–238
as tradesman, 65
understanding of importance of image, 34
visit with brother, James, 46–47
in working class, 6
Franklin, Benjamin, Autobiography, 29, 33, 34
Ben’s tribute to father, 23–24
on religious development, 91
writing, 44
Franklin, Benjamin: travel
to Albany, New York, 201–202
departure from Boston, 31–32
to England, 1765, 210
to London, 48–49, 174–175, 205
London to Philadelphia, 72
to Paris, 174
postal inspection tour, 208
return to America, 1762, 208
Franklin, Benjamin: views
attitude on good life, 109
concern for reputation in London, 208
faith development, 2
on reading, 27
on Whitefield influence, 4
Franklin, Benjamin: writings
“Apology for Printers,” 157
“Appreciation of George Whitefield” (editorial), 197–198
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, 56
early epitaph written by, 100, 203
early writings, 28–30
Poor Richard Improved, 194
Poor Richard’s Almanac, 1, 9, 65, 89, 146–147
“Short Hints towards a Scheme for Uniting the Northern Colonies,” 202
Thirteen Weeks to Self-Actualization, 26
Franklin, Deborah, 202
Franklin’s letter to, 207
marriage to Ben, 181
Franklin, James (brother), 21–22
Ben’s relationship with, 78
jailing for criticism of government, 31
view of Ben, 28
worries about Ben, 30
Franklin, John, 188
Franklin, Josiah (father), 20
emigration from England, 17
and Keith’s recommendation, 46
Franklin, William (son)
birth question, 80–81
as governor of New Jersey, 213
Franklin family, 20–22
Ben on dinners, 24
freedom, 18
freedom of religion, Penn and, 40
Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 167
French and Indian War, 190
friendships, 187. See also Whitefield and
Franklin: relationship
of Franklin, 79–80
fund-raising by Whitefield, 138
G
Galloway, Joseph, 212
Gay, John, 63
gentlemen
in colonial America, 6
and work, 25
Georgia, 17. See also orphanage
1738 conditions, 133
delays in Whitefield’s travels to, 117–119
Whitefield in, 135–137
Whitefield travel to, 131–142
Whitefield’s call to, 116
gesture, in acting, 69
Gildon, Charles, The Rules of Oratory Applied to Acting, 68, 69
“Glorious Revolution” of 1688, 61
Gloucester, England, Whitefield preaching in, 117
God
Franklin’s views, 56, 74, 90–91, 209
plans for Whitefield, 83
truth of, 98
God’s plan, 18
good works, role of, 26
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (Bunyan), 35, 37
grammar school in England, 66–67
Great Awakening, 1, 10, 166–168, 186, 221, 222
Great Migration, 15–17
Gregorian calendar, switch from Julian to, 19
Gwyn, Nell, 60
H
Habersham, James, 148, 196, 201
Hall, David, 193
hard work, value of, 25
Harlequin Sorcerer, 55
Harris, Gabriel, 189
Whitefield’s note to, 118
Hastins, Lady Selina (Countess of
“heart strangely warmed,” J. Wesley on, 105
heart, transformation of, 105
Henphill, Samuel, 127–130
Henry, Patrick, 211
Henry VIII (king of England), 14
Herbert, George, The Temple, 13
Hill, Aaron, The Prompter (newsletter), 69
holiness, 168
Holy Club at Oxford, 26, 94–96
passion and, 136
The Holy War (Bunyan), 35
hope, 209
Hopkinson, Thomas, 149–150
hospitality, 187
Howe, Daniel Walker, 171
humanism, 10
Huntingdon, Lady Selina (Selina Hastins), 6, 194, 207
Hutchinson, Anne, 16
identity, Whitefield development of, 131
image
Ben and George intentional construction of, 84–85
power of, 46
immigration to Philadelphia, 110
indentured servant, Webb as, 124
individualists, vs. teamwork, 111
Inferno (Dante), 11
integrity, as Franklin’s priority, 91
intelligence of Franklin, 91
Iroquois, Franklin’s views on, 202
Isaacson, Walter, 176
J
James, Elizabeth, marriage to Whitefield, 180
Jamestown colony (Virginia), 14, 17
jealousy, of Keimer, 75
Jesus
Franklin’s views, 2, 101, 210, 224–225
Hemphill on, 127
trust in, 106–107
Whitefield view on, 2
Johnson, Paul, 221
“Join or Die” with snake, in political
cartoon, 111–112
Jonson, Ben, 59
journaling, by Whitefield, 8, 131–132, 150, 168
Julian calendar, switch to Gregorian, 19
Junto, 91–94
Franklin’s questions for, 93–94
science discussions, 198
Webb in, 125
justification by faith, 167
K
Keimer, Samuel
Franklin as print shop foreman, 75
newspaper publishing, 125
Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette, 77
Keith, William, 46
betrayal of Franklin, 53
letters of credit promised, 48–49
Ken, Thomas, 26
Kensington Common, Whitefield
preaching in, 143
King’s Theatre (London), 54
kite experiment, 199–200
knowledge, social value of, 111
L
laborer, Franklin’s view of, 21
Lambert, Frank, 189
Law, William, 119
A Practical Treatise upon Christian Perfection, 26, 95
A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life, 26, 87–88, 95
Leather Apron Club, 92
Lenten fast, by Whitefield, 104
letters of credit, Keith’s promise of, 48–49
Library Company, Franklin’s formation of, 111
The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (Bunyan), 35
The Life of God in the Soul of Man (Scougal), 102–103
lightning rod, 200
Lillo, George, The London Merchant, 64–65
Lincoln’s Inn Fields (London), 54, 63
literary club, formation with Franklin, 45
literary form, Franklin’s creation of, 33
Little Haymarket Theatre (London), 54
London
crime in, 63
entertainment in, 55
growth, 63
play lampooning Whitefield, 207–208
theaters in, 54–55
Webb in, 124
The London Merchant (Lillo), 64–65
Longden, Capel (George’s stepdad), 50–51
love
from God, 108
of God, Whitefield emphasis on, 136
Whitefield and, 176
loving actions, 224
lower class
dignity of, 64
impact of Whitefield’s message on, 151
M
Marlowe, Christopher (Kit), 59
marriage, romance in, 180–182
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 15
Ben’s visit with, 47
Essays to Do Good, 48
questions to be asked in religious societies, 93
Religious Societies: Proposals for the Revival of Dying Religion, 92
writings, 47–48
Mather, Samuel, 47
Franklin’s letter to, 48
Mayflower, 14–15
Mayflower Compact, 15
Mecom, Jane (Franklin’s sister), 188
Mennonites, 40
Mercury, Franklin’s writings in, 77
Meredith, Hugh, Franklin’s partnering with, 76
Delamotte family rejection of, 179
in England, 221
in Georgia, 133–134
J. and C. Wesley and, 119
life style, 155
message, 114
plan for prayer, study, accountability, and exhortation, 99
Whitefield and, 40
metropolitan areas, statistics estimates, 249n
mistreatment of Franklin, 79
mockery, true believers need to withstand, 98
Moorfields in Britain, 185
morality, 57
Franklin’s views, 90–91
and theater, 59
John Wesley and, 105
N
near-death experience of Franklin, 73–74
“The Necessiity and Benefit of Religious Society,” 114–115
new birth, 108
denominations and, 221
emotional experience of receiving, 105
opposition to Whitefield doctrine, 119, 140
Whitefield encouragement of study, 200
New England Courant, 30–31
Ben as sole publisher, 31
“New Lights,” vs. “Old Lights,” 167
new world, 12
New York, 32
newspaper publishing, 76–77
potential impact, 78
Nicodemus, 101
Nonconformists, 14
Nova Scotia, French fort, 190–191
O
Of the Imitation of Christ (Thomas à Kempis), 95
Ohio, Franklin’s dream for, 204
ordination of Whitefield, 113–114, 140
organizations, Franklin’s creation of, 111
Franklin opinion on, 149
fund-raising, 144–145, 191–192
property purchase, 148
public audit of accounts, 196
public questions about, 196
Whitefield and, 39
as Whitefield/Franklin conversation topic, 191–192
Whitefield’s efforts for approval and funding, 140
Whitefield’s last visit, 215
“ounce of prevention,” 112
outdoor meetings, 140–141
J. Wesley and, 164
overseas travel, danger of, 205
Oxford University
class consciousness at, 86
religious activities at, 87
“servitor” program at, 83
Webb attendance at, 124
P
Paine, Thomas, Common Sense, 14
Palmer, Samuel, 56
paper currency, 113
Franklin’s printing of, 75
Parliament,, Franklin testimony before, 211
passion, 167
Holy Club and, 136
Whitefield revival and, 181
in Whitefield’s oratory, 69
Paul (apostle), 107
Pembroke College, Whitefield enrollment, 86
Penn, Thomas, 194
Penn, William, 39
and freedom of religion, 40
Pennsylvania Assembly, Franklin as representative, 205
The Pennsylvania Gazette, 3, 77, 219
ad for Whitefield sale items, 144
attacks on Whitefield in, 184
defense of Whitefield, 148–149
Franklin’s writings on Hemphill, 127–128
news on Whitefield travels, 164
pseudonyms in, 112
on Whitefield, 215
Whitefield’s impact, 220
on Whitefield’s ministry, 138, 143–144
on Whitefield’s Philadelphia trip, 145
and Whitefield’s reputation, 196
on Whitefield’s travels, 165
Pepperell, Colonel, 190
perfectionism, Wesley vs. Whitefield, 161–162
personal ethics of Franklin, 74
personal spiritual experience, 98, 140, 223. See also new birth
Philadelphia
Ben’s travel from London to, 72
Ben’s travel to, 32
communal spirit, 30
denominations in, 40
Franklin’s first day in, 42–43
immigration to, 110
impact of Franklin, 38–44
opposition to Whitefield, 147, 148
as Whitefield’s base of operations, 39, 187
philosophy of life of Franklin, 91–94
Pilgrims, 14
Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 17, 27, 32
Franklin and, 34–37
pleurisy, Franklin ill with, 73
Plutarch, Lives, 27
political cartoon, “Join or Die” with snake, 111–112
Poor Richard’s Almanac, 1, 9, 65, 146–147
folk wisdom in, 89
postmaster, Franklin as, 202
power of byline, 45
pricing strategies of Whitefield, 189
pride, 115
Whitefield’s concern about, 120
Princeton University, 201
Pringle, John, 217
print shop
equipment cost, 48
Franklin as Keimer’s foreman, 75
printer, Franklin as, 3
printing of Whitefield sermons, 121, 146
distribution of business, 161
by Franklin and Bradford, 152
printing press, 22
prison reform, and Georgia, 116
prisons, Wesleys’ visits to, 116
The Prompter (newsletter), 69
prostitution, women in theater and, 60
Protestant Reformation, 14
pseudonyms, 112
Franklin’s use of, 30
publishing, as Whitefield/Franklin
conversation topic, 188–190
“Puritan work ethic,” 16
Puritans, 14
Franklin and, 129
Franklin’s opposition to rigid theology, 154
and theater, 60
on work, 25
Q
Quaker Meeting House, Franklin in, 43
in Boston, 16
in England, 119
Whitefield speaking at meeting, 146
R
Raikes, Robert, 189
Ralph, James, 45, 48–49, 54, 55, 57
Read, Deborah, 42, 80–81. See also
Franklin, Deborah
Read, John, 42
rebirth. See new birth
relationships. See also Whitefield and
Franklin: relationship
Franklin’s education on, 78
religion, alteration in, 222–223
The Religion of Nature Delineated
(Wollaston), 56
religious activities, at Oxford, 87
religious emigration, 15
religious exiles, 14–15
religious “small groups,” 92. See also Holy
Club at Oxford
Religious Societies: Proposals for the Revival of Dying Religion, 92
religious traditions, Whitefield contact
with varied, 137
responsibility, 57
Franklin’s sense of, 91–92
“Restoration comedies,” 60
retirement, as Whitefield/Franklin
conversation topic, 193–195
rhetoric, 67
Rich, John, 55
righteous living, methodical approach to, 26
romance, in marriage, 180–182
The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living
(Taylor), 95
The Rules of Oratory Applied to Acting
S
St. Mary de Crypt school, 114
sanctification, 26
Savannah, Georgia, Whitefield’s arrival in 1738, 132
saved by faith, 128
Savonarola, 12
schools in Georgia, 136
science, Franklin and, 198–200
Scougal, Henry, 108
The Life of God in the Soul of Man, 102–103, 254n
self-examination, Wesley’s questions on, 96
self-improvement plan of Franklin, 26
Separatists, 14
A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life
“servitor” program
at Oxford, 83
Whitefield in, 86
Seven Years’ War between England and
France, 205
Seward, William, 120, 145–146, 157–158, 178
death, 184
and publishing by Whitefield, 189
sexual mores, Franklin and, 173
Shakespeare, William, 59
Sheppard, Jack, 63
A Short View of the Immorality and
Profaneness of the English Stage (Collier), 61
sick, Whitefield’s visits to, 132
“Silence Dogood,” 28–30
sin, 102
sincerity, as Franklin’s priority, 91
small groups, 95
in Methodism, 183
religious, 92
smallpox, 47
social awareness, 74–75
social classes, 5–7
in America, Whitefield message to, 150–151
Franklin’s view of, 152
upward mobility, 194
and value of person, 64
social networking, 94
social structures in Philadelphia, 110–111
society, beneficial effect of Whitefield’s
message, 149
South Carolina Gazette, 184
sower, parable of, 170
speech-making, Cicero and, 67
Spirit of God, Whitefield and, 104
spiritual discipline, George on lack of, 83
spiritual life, personal nature of, 223
Stamp Act (Parliament), 210–211
Steele, Richard, 61
The Conscious Lovers, 62
Stout, Harry S., 70, 176, 198, 218, 221
Strahan, William, 209
subscriptions for orphanage donations, 192
success, 1
success saga, 33
T
taxation without representation, 211
Taylor, Jeremy, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living, 95
teamwork, vs. individualists, 111
tears, of Whitefield, 69
The Temple (Herbert), 13
Tennent family, 183
Tennent, Gilbert, 148, 167, 180
Tennent, John, 167
Tennent, William, 167
Tennent, William Jr., 167
theater
in 1600s and 1700s, 61
in London, 54–55
and morality, 59
play lampooning Whitefield, 207–208
productions in Bristol, 67
upper class perspective on, 59–60
Whitefield’s repudiation of, 108
theism, 209
Thomas à Kempis, 26
Of the Imitation of Christ, 95
Tillotson, Archbishop, 160
tithe, 20–21
Tower Church of London, 115
tradesmen, group formation in
Philadelphia, 92
A Treatise Against the Fear of Man (Francke), 102
true religion, Whitefield on, 103
trust
in Jesus, 106–107
in others by Franklin, 79
truth, 84–86
as Franklin’s priority, 91
U
Union Fire Company, 112
unity of colonies, 202
Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette, 77
University of Pennsylvania, 39, 193
upper class, in colonial America, 6
U.S. Census, 249n
V
violence
in America, 214
against Whitefield, 185
volunteer fire company, 112
von Zinzendorf, Nicholas, 95
W
wagon train, Franklin and, 203–204
War with France, as Whitefield/Franklin
conversation topic, 188–190
Watts, Isaac, 197
Webb, George
“Batchelor’s Hall” (poem), 125–126
in Keimer’s print shop, 123–124
search for work from Franklin, 125
The Weekly History (magazine), 189
books for Whitefield, 102
conversion experience, 105–106
with Delamottes family, 176
eulogy for Whitefield, 215
extemporaneous preaching, 122
first impressions of Whitefield, 86–87
first meeting with Whitefield, 97
Franklin quoting from, 197
illness, 162
letter to Whitefield, 162–163
rejection of established church aristocratic spirit, 64
conversion experience, 105–106
flight from Georgia, 135
formation of Methodist societies, 183
“heart strangely warmed,” 137
infatuation with Georgian woman, 134
message to Whitefield, 136
rejection of established church aristocratic spirit, 64
rift with Whitefield, 161
travel to Georgia, 105
West, European views of, 11
Wheatley, Phillis, 215
Whitefield and Franklin: relationship, 183–195
concern for Whitefield’s health, 198
concerns in common, 171
conversations, 187–193
distancing from Whitefield, 160
early view of Whitefield, 147
first meeting, 145–147
Franklin support for Whitefield, 152
Franklin’s defense of Whitefield, 4, 148–149
letter about Ohio, 204
like family, 212–213
lodging offer for Whitefield, 186
meetings and correspondence, 243–245
mixed connections, 1757 to 1763, 206–210
renewed, 185–187
Whitefield defense of Franklin, 9
Whitefield letter of support for Franklin, 212
Whitefield’s efforts to convert, 109, 185, 209, 224
Whitefield’s first meeting, 145–147
Whitefield, Elizabeth (mother), 22
Whitefield, Elizabeth (wife), travel to
America, 188
Whitefield, George
accusations of charitable funds misuse, 9
birth, 19
C. Wesley’s first impression, 86–87
C. Wesley’s first meeting, 97
death, 215
death of wife, 213
and Elizabeth Delamotte, 176–177
enrollment in Pembroke College, 86
father figure, 23–25
as good influence on society, 4–5
Herbert influence on, 13
independence from J. Wesley, 134
isolation, 103
journals, 8, 131–132, 150, 168
in London, 113
London newspapers on, 129
loneliness, 87
as loner, 97
love of acting, 67–68
marriage to E. James, 180
mourning sins of youth, 36
network of letter writers, 189–190
Philadelphia’s response to, 39–41
practice of discipline, 102
reading by, 26–27
reading of Pilgrim’s Progress, 36
romance in England, 161
as school dropout, 82
significance to America, 219–223
social class status, 6
struggle with identity formation, 52–53, 84
theater impact on, 62
timeline, 229–238
use of press, 120
and women, 175–179
Whitefield, George: ministry and faith
as Anglican minister, 5
belief in Jesus as God incarnate, 2
call to ministry, 113
Communion on Christmas, 84
conversion experience, 26
extemporaneous preaching by, 121–122
Franklin on preaching style, 66
Franklin’s experiment on audience size, 41
and Great Awakening, 166–168
indifference to denominations, 40, 119, 221
on new birth, 12
ordination, 140
preaching abilities, 114
rejection of established church aristocratic spirit, 64
rise to prominence, 65
and sin, 83
as young preacher, 115
Whitefield, George: opposition, 183
in 1739, 160
in England, 139
George’s response, 160
to new birth doctrine, 119, 140
in The Pennsylvania Gazette, 184
reconciliation efforts, 186
Whitefield, George: sermons, 82
publication, 145
request for printed copies, 121
Whitefield, George: travels
to America (1754), 200–203
to America (1763), 208
to America (1769), 214–216
American tour, 239–242
to Boston, 185
to England, 1765, 210
to England, December 1738, 139
to Georgia, and letter to Elizabeth, 177–178
to Georgia, delays, 117–119
to New England, 163–164, 165, 179, 201
Philadelphia as base of operations, 39, 187
Philadelphia to Georgia, 148, 152
Savannah arrival in 1738, 132
Whitefield, Thomas, 22
Whitefield family, and religious, 52
Wilks, Robert, 54
William and Mary, 60–61
Winthrop, John, 15
Wollaston, William, The Religion of Nature Delineated, 56
women
Franklin relationships with, 172–175, 176
on stage, 60
Whitefield and, 175–179
Whitefield’s ability to play role, 71
work ethic, 25
working class, 6
worldly pursuits, 155–156