C. E. B. Cranfield, Commentary on Romans, vol. II, p.666.
Discussion of this ‘dualism’ may be found, for example, in Jean Lasserre’s War and the Gospel, pp.23ff., 128ff. and 180ff.; in David Atkinson’s Peace in Our Time?, pp.102–107 and 154–157; in the debate between Ronald Sider and Oliver O’Donovan, published as Peace and War, pp.7–11 and 15; and to some extent in my own Message of the Sermon on the Mount, pp.103–124.
Jean Lasserre, War and the Gospel, p.132.
E.g. Jer. 27:5–6; Dan. 2:21; 4:17, 25, 32; 5:21; 7:27.
For diakonos applied to Christ see Rom. 15:8, and to Paul 2 Cor. 6:4. For leitourgos applied to Christ see Heb. 8:2, and to Paul Rom. 15:16.
Machaira, the word Paul uses of the state’s ‘sword’ here, may sometimes be translated ‘dagger’ or ‘knife’, but is used several times in the New Testament to symbolize death by execution or in war (e.g. Matt. 10:34; Luke 21:24; Acts 12:2; Rom. 8:35; Heb. 11:37).
Oliver O’Donovan, Pursuit of a Christian View of War, p.13.
Ibid., p.14.
As examples of civil disobedience see Exod. 1:15–21; Dan. 3:1–18 and 6:1–14; Acts 4:13–20.
